IFM Solutions IPM Training Course

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Fiscal de Producci6n
V.P.A.C.F.D.R.P,
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/PM Training course

Integrated production modelling
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An Introduction to PROSPER, MBAL and GAP
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..._,.. INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
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FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
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Copyright notice
The copyright in this manual is the property of ifm-so/utions. All rights reserved.
No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcript, translate, store in a retrieval
system by any means, electronically, mechanically, magnetic, optic or any otherwise or disclose to
third party without the prior consent of ifm-so/utions.
ifm-so/utions. All rights reserved.

/PM suite, GAP, PROSPER, MBAL, PVTP, REVEAL, RESOLVE, IFM and Open Server are trademarks of
Petroleum Experts Ltd.
The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be
used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the
software on any medium except as specifically allowed in the license agreement.
lfm-so/utions Contact details:

Email: arnentina@ifm-solutions.com
Tel. +54-11-48718937
www.ifm-solutions.com
Junin 1057 4D
Buenos Aires
Argentina
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Petroleum Experts Ltd contact details:

Email: Edinburgh@petex.com
Te. +44-131-4747030
www.petex.com
Petex House
10 Logie Mill
Edinburgh EH7 4HG
Scotland, UK
Page 2/62
J HIJ."Josiluill Hlz;~ ft.

Fiscal de Produccl'on
V.P.A.C.F.D.R.P.
YPFB
JFM-Solutions
r( ' Oifmsolutions
~INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
(~.-------------------------------------------------------------Table of Contents
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................................................3
/PM training course introduction ...............................................................................................................................................4

The concept of IPM .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
The /PM modelling platform ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction and scope of work .................................................................................................................................................7
MBAL ........................................................................................: ................................................................................................8
Tutorial M-01: Performing the history matching in MBAL for a gas reservoir ........................................................................... 9
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Tutorial M-02: Perform the history matching in MBAL for an oil reservoir ............................................................................. 10
Tutorial M-03: History matching in MBAL for a gas and condensate reservoir ....................................................................... 12
Tutorial M-04: MBAL oil field history matching and predictions ............................................................................................. 13
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Tutorial M-05: Performing predictions in MBAL for a gas reservoir ........................................................................................ 15

PROSPER ..................................................................................................................................................................................16
Tutorial P-01: PROSPER introduction:._ constructing an ail well mode! ................................................................................... 17
Tutorial P-02: Basic example gas well model construction ...................................................................................................... 20
Tutorial P-03: PVT Black oil matching far an oil well mode/ ..................................................................................................... 23
Tutorial P-04: Selecting and matching a mu!tiphase flow correlation for an oil well model ................................................... 24
Tutorial P-05: Oil well model calibration review exercise ........................................................................................................ 27
Tutorial P-06: Gas well model performance analysis ............................................................................................................... 31
Tutorial P-07: Gas well modelling performance Hydraulic fracturing ...................................................................................... 32
Tutoria! P-08: Gas and condensate wet! model .......................................................................................................................34
Tutorial P-09: Electrical submersible pump design .................................................................................................................. 36
Tutorial P-10: Gas lift design .................................................................................................................................................... 38
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GAP ..........................................................................................................................................................................................41
Tutorial G-01: Gas and condensate field integrated production model set up .......................................................................42
Tutorial G-02: Integrated Production model- Solve Network ................................................................................................ 44
Tutorial G-03: Integrated Production Model- Production forecast ........................................................................................ 46
Tutorial G-04: Integrated model for an Oil field ...................................................................................................................... 47
Workshop ................................................................................................................................................................................48
Tutorial W-01: Gas field Integrated model ..............................................................................................................................48
Tutorial W-02: Gas field integrated model- Part 2 ................................................................................ ,................................ 54
Tutorial W-03: Offshore Oil field development plan ....................................................................., ........................................ 55
Tutorial W-04: Tight gas well modelling .................................................................., .............................................................. 57
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INTEGRATED FlE\.0 MOOEUNG
IPM Training Manual
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IPM training course introduction
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Objectives
Learn how to use the software and develop skills in the use of IPM
Basic understanding of the physics
Understanding the limitations of methods and techniques used
Agenda
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Dayl
Introduction to MBAL
Materia! balance concept review
History matching
o
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Graphical method (Havlena Odeh, Campbell, Cole)

Analytical method
o Aquifer models
MBAL Simulation
Fractional flow matching (Fw, Fg)
MBAL predictions in standalone basis.
MBAL exercises for OJ!, Gas and condensate fluid.
Day 2
Introduction to PROPSER
Nodal analysis concept review

The importance of the PVT
Pressure loss in the wei! bore
Selecting and matching a multiphase flow correlation
Analyzing the well performance
Day3
Introduction to GAP
Building a surface network model
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Integrating PROSPER and MBAL files

Performing production forecasting within GAP
Day4
Integrated model Workshop

Field development planning using !PM
This is a review of all concepts learnt (MBALPROSPER-GAP)
DayS
PVT equation of state characterization
Tight gas well modelling (PROSPER, MBAL, GAP)

ESP design
Gas lift design
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~ INTEGRATED FJELD MODEUNG
IPM Training Manual
-----------------------------------------------------------------------The concept of IPM
A production system can be visualised in a simple form as shown in the next sketch:
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To obtain how much oil/gas we can recover will depend on the interaction of the
reservoir, wells and facilities.
Any strategy designed to maximize the oil/gas recovery of the field requires
simultaneous modelling of the reservoir, wells, and facilities up to the delivery point.
Decision making process should be based on an integrated model to avoid isolated
decision that will meet constraints in other parts of the system.
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IPM Training Manual
'-------------------------------------------------------------------------The IPM modelling platform

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The Petroleum Experts toolkit is designed to build and study a complete integrated model.
It has the following tools that are used for different modelling aspects.
GAP, Surface network modelling and optimization tool.

PROSPER, Single wellbore-modelling tool
MBAL, Material balance reservoir modelling tool

PVTP, Fluid characterisation tool
The following sketch is drawn to explain how these tools interact with each other.
GAP
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PROSPER
MBAL
PVTP is used to characterise the fluid pressure- volume temperature behaviour and is used to
construct models that will be used by other tools

GAP is the total system-modelling tool. It models the surface network internally. For, modelling the
reservoirs it uses MBAL tool. For well modelling GAP uses PROSPER.
C'._.__________________________________________________._..__._._.. ..__.___________.
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~ INTEGRATED FIELD MODELlNG
IPM Training Manual
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Introduction and scope of work
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In the overall scheme that we will follow during this course we will build an integrated model of a
very simple condensate field.
Then we will model each component of the system, the wells, the reservoirs and the gathering
network in a sequential manner.
At each stage we will be adding more information that may be available to us and see the value of
the added information.
We will start using MBAL to construct the material balance reservoir model.
The next stage is the construction of the well model in PROSPER.
At the end, we should be capable to use the field scale integrated model, to study the response of
our total system.
In order to keep track of what we will be doing it is better to use the following directory structure.
{:J CD1ive
\{J
!Wl
!Wl
Day1
Day2
Day3
L..Q Day4
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MBAL
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MBAL is the material balance modelling tool. This tool can help the reservoir engineer to understand
the reservoir behaviour and its drive mechanisms and perform predictions.
Methodology
Through exercises the engineer will familiarize with the use of the material balance tool within
MBAL.
The engineer will have to solve reservoir engineering problems applying the material balance
concept.
The exercises and tutorials have been design to learn how to:
1. Construct models
PVT input data, selecting and matching a black oil correlation
Enter tank parameters and production history
2.
Performing history matching

Calibrating the model with graphical methods (Campbell, Cole, P/2, Havlena and
Ode h)
Analytical method
Fractional flow curve matching, Fw, Fg

Obtaining the OOIP, GIIP
Estimating the parameters of the aquifer to obtain the best match
Estimating the drive mechanism
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3. Running a simulation
4. Production forecast using MBAL in standalone.

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(" ~INTEGRATED FJELD MODE.LING
IPM Training Manual
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Tutorial M-01: Performing the history matching in MBAL for a gas reservoir
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Objectives:
Familiarize the user with MBAL and practice the procedure to perform a history matching of a gas
reservoir material balance model.
Reservoir data
PVT
'Parameters ... ... ...

Specific gas gravity
Separator pressure
CGR (Condensate to gas ratio)
Oil density
Water salinity
H2S%
C02%
N2%
.. I ..
Value
>
0.85
990
2
42
10000
units
Psig
Stb/MMscf
API
Ppm
%
%
%
0
0
0
The reservoir is at a depth of 9700 feet, the initial reservoir pressure is 4365 psig. The average
reservoir thickness estimated with logs is 28 feet with an average porosity of 19%. The connate
water saturation is estimated in 20%.
The reservoir temperature is 200 F. The average reservoir permeability estimated with pressure
transient analysis is 20 md. The equivalent reservoir radius is estimated in 30000 feet.
Pseudo relative permeability curves data
..
Phase.
>
Water
EndPoint
<
0.02
Gas
Residual Saturation. I
0.20
CoreyExponent . .
0.6
0.9
The field is producing since 1991 and the production history is attached in the Excel file called
AuxJiles\dayl \M-Ol.xls
Questions
Perform the history matching to calibrate the model and obtain:
<
Variables c
.
Gas initial in place
Determine the presence of an aquifer
Actual recovery factor
. .
..
.Value
I ,... . .. Units
Bscf
yes/no
%
Save this tutorial as M-01.mbi
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IPM Training Manual
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Tutorial M-02: Perform the history matching in MBAL for an oil reservoir
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Objectives:
Familiarize the user with MBAL and the steps to perform the history matching of an oil material
balance reservoir model.
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Reservoir data
r----
PVT data
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. parameters
GOR
Oil density
Water salinity
H2S%
C02%
N2%
' r
r
r
r
. .
... .
. Value
250
32
0.65
10000
0
0
0
units
Scf/stb
API
Ppm
%
%
%
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Reservoir temperature: 197 "F.

The bubble point pressure has been measured in constant composition expansion experiment; the
value is 1670 psig @ 197"F.
The initial reservoir pressure at the datum depth is 4217 psig.
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Datum depth: 9370 feet.
The following table shows the oil formation volume factor at different pressures.
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Pressure
psig
4217
3725
3390
1670
Bo
. :rb/stb
1.118
1.1221
1.1249
1.139
The average porosity is estimated in 18%, the connate water saturation is 24.8%.
The reservoir thickness is approximately 150 feet with an average permeability of 50 md.
An equivalent reservoir radius has been estimated in 6000 feet.
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IPM Training Manual
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Phase
..
Residual Saturation
End Point
Corey Exponent
Water
0.248
0.6
Oil
0.15
0.8
Gas
0.02
0.9
The production history is given in attached Excel spread sheet called AuxJiles\day1 \M-02.xls
Questions
Perform the history matching of the model and answer the following points:
Variables .... .
Oil initial in place
Active aquifer exist
Is there an initial gas cap?
..
Value
,;
Units:: ........
MMstb
Bscf
%
Yes/No
Yes/No
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Oifmsolutions
~ INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
!PM Training Manual
Tutorial M-03: History matching in MBAL for a gas and condensate reservoir
Objectives: Perform the history matching for a gas and condensate MBAL model with production
history by well.
Reservoir data
PVTdata
..
.-"
Parameters
Separator pressure
Separator Temperature
Separator GOR
Separator gas gravity
TankGOR
Tank gas gravity
Condensate gravity
Water salinity
Dewpoint at reservoir temp
Reservoir Temperature
Reservoir pressure
H2S
co,
N,
Value
. .. . I
500
80
6943
0.81
120
0.96
50.5
100000
4870
274
6495
0
0
0
Units
psig
OF
scf/stb
scf/stb
API
ppm
psig
OF
psig
%
%
%
The average porosity has been estimated in 17% with an average connate water saturation of 25%.
The field is on production since June 1998 and the production history can be found on the Excel
spread sheet Aux_files\day1 \M-03.xls.
:-
Phase-----
Residual Saturation--;: .
End Point.
Corey Exponent ...
Water
0.25
0.6
Oil
0.10
0.3
1.3
Gas
0.02
0.9
Questions
Perform the history matching to calibrate the model and obtain:
.---:
. _Variables ..
Determine the presence of an aquifer
Main drive mechanism
.
...
. ..
. value.
- .
. I>< . - ul1its .
Bscf
yes/no
%
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IPM Training Manual
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Tutorial M-04: MBAL oil field history matching and predictions
Objectives: Perform the history matching for an oil reservoir in MBAL Using the calibrated model
perform a production forecast. Estimate the evolution of the oil production rate, water production
rate and gas production rate.
Reservoir data
PVT
Parameters ...
I
GOR
Oil density
Water salinity
H2S%
C02%
N2%
...
<,Value :
Units
800
Scf/stb
35
API
0.78
Ppm
80000
0
%
0
%
0
%
The measured reservoir temperature is 250 F with an initial reservoir pressure of 5215 psig.
PVT Laboratory measurements

Pressure .. Bubble .point 1. . GOR
'F' ... l_ psig
'psig
I .< Scf/si:b _
250
3600
3600
800
Temjlerlltu~e
Bo ... Oil viscosity

.. . rb/stb . , : . .. . cp __ <
1.456
0.31
The average porosity is estimated in 23%, the connate water saturation is 19%. The average
reservoir thickness is approximately 102 feet with an average permeability of 20 md. An equivalent
reservoir radius is estimated in 2200 feet.
I :: ..
Water
Oil
Gas
Ph~se
I . .Residual Saturation .
.. : ..
End Point :. : .
. Corey ExponenL
0.19
0.6
0.15
0.8
0.02
0.9
'
The production history has been stored in the Excel spread sheet called AuxJiles\day1\M-04.xls for
your convenience.
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~ INTEGRATED FJELD MODELING
!PM Training Manual
Questions
Perform the history matching ofthe model and answer the following points:
..
'
Variables :>'. ';_ '___
_--
'
Value
Oil initial in place

Actual oil recovery factor
Active aquifer exist
Is there an initial gas cap?
Main drive mechanism
_-;'-_.--.- I ..
Units ._, .
---
MMstb
Bscf
%
Yes/No
Yes/No
Section 2: Production forecast

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The field is currently producing with only one well, called Well-1. The productivity index of Weil-l is
16.5 stb/day/psi and the VLP for this well is located in the auxiliary files folder (AuxJiles\dayl\we/1-
l.tpd).
The well is producing to a separator with a pressure of 360 psig with a maximum capacity of 3500
stb/day of liquid.
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Perform a production forecast until the end of the concession 01/01/2025 and show the evolution of
the oil production rate, water cut and GOR.
Estimate the oil recovery factor in 2025 and the oil proved developed reserves.
What would you da to improve the recovery factor?

Quantify your suggestions using MBAL.
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...._.,.. INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial M-05: Performing predictions in MBAL for a gas reservoir

Objectives: Perform a production forecasting for a gas reservoir using well models.
Using as a basis the MBAL file created in tutorial M-01 and the field and well model information
provided below a perform a production forecast until the end of the concession 01/01/2027.
The field is currently producing with 4 wells (M5-1, M5-2, M5-3 and M5-4) to a separator operating
at 1200 psig.
All the wells have the same tubing configuration (3 Y," Tubing) and the VLP are attached in the
auxiliary files folder. (Aux_Files\day1\M05-Gas_well.tpd)
The IPR of the wells are described with the C and N model and a summary is shown in the next table:
.. .
Well:
'c:
M5-1
M5-2
M5-3
M5-4
C Mscf/day/psi'
0.008345
0.011195
0.0082
0.007865
0.94123
0.92674
0.94
0.93771
Questions
Perform a production forecast until 01/01/2027 and answer the following points:
. Variables
Plot the gas production rate evolution
Estimate the gas recovery factor in 2027
Estimate the gas proved developed reserves
Estimate the P/2 abandonment value
..
Value
Units
%
Bscf
psig
The contract department is negotiating a better gas price; however it is necessary to provide at least
40 MMscf/day of gas untillQZO.
The question that has been asked to your department is if it is possible to achieve this level of
production and what actions or investments would be required.
Explain the solution:.
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~r.t~~.~~/':f!I!Me.J. 7 ..~r.~~ ..cft':..&.6w,..................................................................................
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IPM Training Manual
PROSPER
Methodology
Through exercises the engineer will familiarize with the use of PROSPER and well performance
evaluation.
The engineer will have to solve production engineering problems to analyze the performance of oil
and gas wells.
The exercises and ~utorials have been design to learn how to:
1. Construct models
PVT input data, selecting and matching a black oil correlation
Enter well information
2. Calibrating or matching the model
Calibrating the PVT
Matching and selecting a multiphase flow correlation
Calibrating an IPR model
3.
Evaluating the performance of the well
4.
Performing sensitivity analysis to evaluate future conditions
5.
Performing the design of artificial lift system
6.
Generating lift curves for numerical simulators
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IPM Training Manual
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Tutorial P-01: PROSPER introduction- constructing an oil well model
Objectives:
Familiarize the user with PROSPER and the input of data
Perform basic calculations in PROSPER
Construct an oil naturally flowing well and obtain results
Expected calculations:
Considering a well head pressure of 400 psig and actual conditions of reservoir we would like to
know:
Estimate oil production rate.
Estimate flowing bottom-hole pressure.
Estimate well head temperature.
Data
PVTdata
Variable .. ..
Solution GOR
Oil density
Gas gravity
Water salinity
..
..
Unit
Scf/stb
API
Value
430
34
0.73
85000
. .
ppm
Deviation Survey
Deviation Survey
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. . . ... ~ .
. ..
. . ..
...
1. Geothermal :
..
gradient .
Measur~~ . True vertical . . Temperature .
"F
.
dE!pth
.'. . ..
depth :. L
I
..
......
..
... m< . .
m .
80
0
0
443.4
452
489
475.7
564
535
665
601.2
663.1
790
1145
1896
2736
1639.9
1706.4
2885
1726.5
163
2930
.
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IPM Training Manual
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Down-hole equipment data
...
. .
Down-hole equipment .
Description
ID>
Depth ..
......
m
r-
Xmas tree
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Casing
. ..
0
1000
1000
2700
2930
Roughness
inch
inch .
2.992
2.75
2.992
6.366
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
Geothermal gradient
Measure depth
.
..
Temperature
.. m
..
0
2930
80
163
. ..
Overall heat transfer coefficient "U": 8 BTU/h/ft /F
{-
"U" (Overall heat transfer coefficient)

It is used to calculate the heat transfer between the well and its surroundings.
It is obtain from well test when well head temperature is available.
In cose of lack of well head temperature the following rule of thumb can be used:
Oil and water wells :
8 -10 Btu/h/Jf/F
Condensate wells:
5- 7
Btu/h/Jf/F
Dry and wet gas wells:
1- 3
Btu/h/JfIF
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IPRdata
>
Variable ... .
Reservoir pressure
Reservoir temperature
Water cut
Productivity Index
...
Value......
2571
163
0
3.5
..
Ullif
psig
F
%
Stb/day/psi
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Results
For a well head pressure of 400 psig and 0% water cut estimate:
Variable
Well head temperature
Save the PROSPER file as P-Ol.out
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IPM Training Manual
-------------------------------------------------
Tutorial P-02: Basic example gas well model construction
Objectives:
Familiarize the user with PROSPER and the input of data
Perform calculations in PROSPER
Construct a gas well model in PROSPER with the data available and obtain results.
Expected results:
Considering a well head pressure of 1000 psig and actual reservoir conditions we would like to know:
Estimate the gas production rate
Estimate the flowing bottom hole pressure
Obtain well head temperature
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Data:
PVT
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Variable
. . . ...
Separator pressure
Oil/Condensate density
CGR
WGR
Water salinity
('-,
'
Value
Units .
1000
50
1
2
Psig
API
Stb/MMscf
Stb/MMscf
ppm
90000
Gas composition
r
r
Compo11ent
...
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
.. .
..
. Molar fraction
. .. .
.. ...
2%
0.5%
95%
2%
0.5%
.. Molecular weight
'
ibm/lbmol .
28
44
16
30
44
Apparent molecular weight of air: 28.96 lbm/lbmol
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Geothermal ...
gradient
m
0
3000
l_: . ~
1
..
224
Down'hole equipment.
:Description. . .. ....... Dl1pthm
. ..
Xmas tree
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Casing
. . .
0
2500
2500
2800
3000
. ;.
. . .
-
ID
".
..
.inch.
2.992
2.75
2.992
6.366
"U" (Overall heat transfer coefficient): 3 BTU/h/ft2/F
IPR data
..
Variable
Reservoir pressure
WGR
CGR
Permeability
Net thickness
Drainage Area
Wei/bore radius
Perforation thickness
Skin
c. (Dietz shape factor)
.'
1760
224
2
1
2
34
100
0.354
34
1
31.6
Value
Unit"..
psig
F
Stb/MMscf
Stb/MMscf
md
m
Acres
Ft
m
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IPM Training Manual
Results
For a well head pressure of 1000 psig calculate:
.. .. .
. . . Variable .
Gas rate
Flowing bottom hole pressure
I..
Value
Units
sm'/dia
2
Kg/cm
..
"C
Save this tutorial as P-02.aut
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IFM~Solutions
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( ' ~ INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
'-----------------------------------------------------------------Tutorial P-03: PVT Black oil matching for an oil well model
This tutorial will show you how to match the PVT using lab data.
Objectives
Demonstrate the procedure to calibrate the PVT of an oil well model
Review concepts of pressure drop and the importance of the PVT
Start the exercise from PROSPER file created in Tutorial P-Ol. (P-Ol.out)
Data
PVTdata
.
Variables
Solution GOR
Oil density
Gas specific gravity
Water Salinity
.. .
. .
Value
430
34
0.73
85000
Units.....
Scf/stb
API
ppm
PVT lab data:

Pressure
. Tem11en1ture
..
psig ~ ~
.GOR
Scf/Stbc._ .
Bo
Rb/stb
.
. .....
J.loll
. .. ' Cp
163
2571
430
1.204
0.87
163
2235 *PB
430
1.209
0.84
163
1522
281
1.139
PB: (Bubble point)

r
....
Variable> . .
...
.
Selected multi phase correlation for Bo,Pb, GOR
. .
Value
Selected multi phase correlation for ~-toil
,------------------------------------------------www.ifm-solutions.com
Page 23/62
JFM-Solutions
(~ Oifmsolutions
( . ~INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
--------------------------------------------------------Tutorial P-04: Selecting and matching a multiphase flow correlation for an oil
well model
Create an oil well model in PROSPER, match the well model with measure data available. Using the
calibrated model estimate the water cut at which the naturally flowing well can no longer flow.
Objectives
Demonstrate the procedure to calibrate a multiphase flow correlation for an oil well model
Use the calibrated model to obtain production rate
Data
PVT data (Tutorial 04 explains this section)
Variables.
.....
Solution GOR
Oil density
Gas specific gravity
Water Salinity
value
430
34
0.73
85000
Units
Scf/stb
API
..
ppm
PVT lab data:
. . OF
163
163
,--._
163
2235 *PB
GOR
.. Scf/Stb c
430
430
1522
281
Temperature . 1.
Pressure
psig
2571
Bo
Rb/stb
llon
.
1.204
1.209
0.87
1.139
..
Cp
0.84
PB: (Bubble point)
Page 24/62
~-------------------------------------------------------IFM-Solutions
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('- ~INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
!PM Training Manual
r
r
r
'
'
'
Measure
depth',
.. ,,.,'
Devi~tion survey
'
,',
Geothermal ,
<gradiellt ,
Temperature
,',',
,'. ,' True vertical<

depth
..
,m
:
,,
....
'
'.
'
0
443.4
475.7
601.2
1706.4
80
2902
1713
163
0
1000
1000
2700
2700
2850
2902
Xmas tree
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Casing
'
''.
0
452
489
665
2885
. , Down"hole equipment .,
Description
Measure depth
..
.
m . ...
~-oF
'..
.
ID
inch
'.,
..
2.992
2.75
2.992
2.441
2.992
6.366
Overall heat transfer coefficient: 8 BTU/h/ft>/F
IPRdata
r
Variable
Reservoir pressure
Water cut
PI (Productivity index)
._ Value <. .
2405
163
15
4.8
. Units , .
psig
F
%
Stb/day/psi
r-----------------------www.ifm-so/utions,com
Page 25/62
IFM-Solutions
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IPM Training Manual
--------------------------------------------------------------------(
Well test data
Date,
01/10/09
WHP
Psig
WHT
:--_oF
Water
.cut
%.
.Liqui.d rate
stb/day
,Gauge
depth
m
.. ;Gauge
pressure.
pSig
395
110
15
2100
2700
1796
GOR
scf/stb
2405
250
Well matching calibration results

I
....
. .
Variable
Selected multi phase correlation
Matching Parameter 1
Matching Parameter 2
Calibrated Productivity index
Value
.Units
t.o'
/.(} f..,
I c;~
II'!
7-
psig
stb/d/psi
The field is under water flooding operation, it is planned to maintain the reservoir actual reservoir
r
pressure, and it is expected and increased water cut production in the near future for this well. Using
the calibrated well model and the test well head pressure determine at which water cut the well will
not be able to flow naturally.
Variable
Water cut
Value
units
Save this tutorial as P-04.aut
r
Page 26/62
(.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IFM-Solutions
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~
INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial P-05: Oil well model calibration review exercise

This exercise was design to review the well model calibration procedure.
There is PVT data from the lab that can be used to match a black oil correlation and well test data to
calibrate and select a multiphase flow correlation.
The calibrated model will be used to estimate erosion velocities.
r"
Objectives:
Review the well construction and calibration procedure using measured data.
Perform calculations with the calibrate well model
Estimate erosional velocities and suggest actions to avoid erosion.
Generate lift curves for numerical simulators
Well matching procedure

a) PVT matching
1.
PVT /Input data (Enter basic pvt data (solution GOR, oil density, gas
gravity))
2.
Match data (Enter lab data)
3.
Regression
4.
Parameters (Check on parameters and look for the best black oil correlation)
I Match All
P, ::=1 Pz ::=0
5.
Select the chosen black oil correlation from the drop down menu.
b) Select and calibrate o multiphase flow correlation
f Matching I
VLP/IPR Q.C. (Enter well test data)
1.
Matching
2.
Estimate U value (Estimate the overall heat transfer coeffident and transfer
it to the geothermal gradient section)
3.
Correlation Comparison
i. Select the Q.C. correlations (Fancher Brown y Duns and Ros
modified)
ii. If the test point lies between both correlations, select several
correlations to compare with the test point.
4.
Match VLP I Select only 1 correlation

i.
I Match
Check on correction parameters P, ;;1 (gravity term multiplier)P2;;1

(friction term multiplier).
c) IPR calibration
I Select the multiphase flow correlation calibrated f Calculate I Plot
1.
VLP/IPR
2.
IPR (Modify parameter with high uncertainty in the IPR to achieve the
Page 27/62
,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IFM-Solutions
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~INTEGRATED
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!PM Training Manual
Data
(
PVTdata
Variable . ..
'.
...
Solution GOR
Oil density
Gas gravity
Water salinity
Value
Unit
..
2800
44
0.769
75000
..
Scf/stb
API
ppm
PVT lab data:

Pressure
so
. GOR
p~ig
Scf/Stb '
2800
7785.3 *PB
Rb/stb
PB: Bubble point
r
Down-hole equipment
.... Deviation survey ' .: Geother111al .
t - ~ .~.-!Measure
.
depth
! '
gradient ~ _
True vertical , Temperature ..
1
,.depth .... ' . ."F
. .
ft.
0
85.3
1856.96
11358.30
20544.60
22385.20
r
r
j ....:;_ ~ ._ . . . _
23845.10
ft
0
85.3
1843.83
8307.09
12322.80
12821.50
13566.30
Xmas-tree
Tubing
ft . ,
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Casing
'ID
11423.9
20600.4
22319.6
23218.5
. : .
I.Roughn~ss
.. . inch._ . . , inch' --
4.13
3.81
4.13
3.75
4.13
3.75
3.18
3.81
sssv
313
~. Measuredepth . .
._
85.3
1857
.
50
: . .::. : <' :.,, Down-hole equipment

1
~escription
L
2>, ....: .
._ .. ' :
6e-5
6e-5
6e-5
6e-s
6e-5
Over all heat transfer coefficient: 8 BTU/h/ft2/F

Page 28/62
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IPR Data
.....
. ... .
Variabl.e
Reservoir model
Reservoir pressure
Water cut
GOR
Temperature
> . . .. . .
Value .. .
VOGEL
7785.3
0
2800
313
...
Units. . .. .
psig
%
scf/stb
F
Well test data

Data
WHT.
~F-
1/2/2009
3235.3
178
Water
cut
%
liq1,1id rate
stb/day
Gauge
depth.
ft.
Gauge
press.
psig
Reservoir GOR
pressure. scf/stb
psig
9274
15251
5796.8
7785.3
2800
Questions
1. What are the multiphase flow correlation selected and the correction parameters?
Value .
. .Variable
Selected multiphase flow correlation
Parameter 1
Parameter 2
..
(~
2.
Using the well test data determine:

. .. .. .. Variable
.
Ll.p friction
Ll.p gravity
r
,.
.......
.Value
Units
psig
psi
psi
________________________
Page 29/62
JFM-Solutions
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/PM Training Manual
Erosion
In PROSPER there are 2 equations to calculate the erosional velocity
AP114E
It is used for fluids free of solids/sand production
Ve=--
K.
Ve: erosional velocity

C: Empirical constant {400 -100}
lim: mixture density

Conoco~Phil/ips
It is used when solids/sand are produced
D.K.
Ve=S ,fW
Ve: erosional velocity

S: Geometric factor (elbows, T, etc)
D: Pipe/tubing /.D.
&n: mixture density

W: Sand production
3. Considering a C factor of 100 in the API 14E erosion velocity equation, it is desire to obtain
the erosion velocity profile and the fluid velocity profile.
(Plot erosional velocity vs depth and the fluid velocity (Total no slip velocity) vs depth)
4. What action can prevent the erosion of the tubing?
5. Generate lift curves to use in MBAL and in the numerical simulator Eclipse.
What are the variables and ranges to use?
..
..Variable
Minimum value
Maximum value
...
Units
... .
liquid rate
Save this tutorial as P-05.out
r------------------------www.ifm-solutions.com
Page 30/62
IFMSolutions
Oifmsolutions
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial P-06: Gas well model performance analysis

This tutorial start from the gas well model created in tutorial P-02.
Objectives
Analyze the performance of a gas well model
Evaluate the operating condition and liquid loading probability
Perform sensitivity analysis to optimize the gas production
Using the well model created in Tutorial P-02, PROSPER file P-02.out evaluate the following:
1.
Perform a VLP/IPR plot for a well head pressure of 1000 psig
2.
Perform a VLP/IPR plot for a well head pressure of 1000 psig and range of gas rates from 0.3
to 40 MMscf/day
Looking at the VLP/IPR intersection, what can we say about the stability of the solution? (Is it stable
or unstable solution?).
3.
In the flowing bottom hole pressure, What are the contributions of well head pressure,
friction losses and pressure drop due to gravity?
. .
.....
.
. ..
Variable
....
. .
Pressure
Percentage
ps1g
..
Well head pressure

d.p gravity
d.p friction
4.
Plot a pressure and temperature gradient for the solution of question 1. (Pressure and
temperature vs depth)
5.
Plot the fluid velocity and critical velocity (Turner velocity) versus depth for the question 1.
What can you say about the liquid loading probability of this well?
6.
Evaluate the effect of installing compressors. Plot the Gas rate of this well versus well head
pressure.
Save the PROSPER file as P-06.out
r-
Page 31/62
,.---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IFM-Solutions
' ~ifmsolutions
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IPM Training Manual
Tutorial P-07: Gas well modelling performance Hydraulic fracturing

This Tutorial starts from the gas well model created in Tutorial 02
Objectives
Evaluate the performance of the well for a hydraulic fracture stimulation
Perform a sensitivity analysis on the fracture half length and conductivity
Perform a sensitivity analysis on the well head pressure
Perform sensitivity analysis to the tubing size
Estimate the P/Z abandonment value
Start opening the PROSPER file created in Tutorial P-02.
1.
Estimate the impact of hydraulic fracturing the well for a well head pressure of 1000 psig .
. ..
Porosity
Variable
....
FCD
XL (Fracture half length )
Fracture height
Time since production start
. .
Value
-Units.
14
10
30
Reservoir
thickness
10
days
FCD: Dimensionless fracture conductivity
It is the relationship between the transfer capacity offluids of the fracture and the
capacity of the reservoir to deliver fluids into the fracture.
K1 : Fracture capacity
bf Fracture Width
K,: Reservoir permeability
XL: Fracture half /enght
-~
~-
Value . .
Variable
Gas rate
Page 32/62
Units
MMscf/day
IFM-Solutions
' Oifmsolutions
(
IPM Training Manual
2.
Estimate the well performance at 1000 psig for a range of FCD and X,.
FCD proposed values: S, 10, 20
X, proposed values: 10, 20, 30, 40, SO m

The well performance is affected by this parameters and the cost of the fracture will also depend on
these parameters.
Gas rate table in MMscf/day
I -- .. FeD
Xl m' .
.
. s
.< '.
'
..
. . 10
..
..
..
'
20 .
'
10
20
30
40
so
3.
Using the hydraulic fracture parameters of point 1, perform a sensitivity analysis to the well
head pressure ranging from 200 psig to 1000 psig. Plot the gas rate in MMscf/day vs the well
head pressure.
I.
'
WHP
psig
200
Gas rate
MMscf/day
400
600
800
1000
For a well head pressure of SOO psi and the hydraulic fracture of point 1 perform a sensitivity
analysis to the tubing size.
TubingiD
inch ..
1.99S
2.441
2.992
3.9S8
<
Gas rate
MMscf/day
For a well head pressure of SOO psi and the hydraulic fracture of point 1 determine the P/Z
abandonment value for this field.
WHf'
Psig
,.
Abandonment
Reservoir Pressure
Psig
soo
the PROSPER
file
r._._. . . . .Save
..__._._._.
..
. .as
. .P-Ol.
. . .out
._.. ._._________._.. . . . . ._.._._______________________
('
Page 33/62
IFM-Solutions
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IPM Training Manual

r
Tutorial P-08: Gas and condensate well model

Construct a gas and condensate well model; obtain the expected gas production rate if the well head
pressure is 1500 psig.
Objectives
Construct a gas and condensate well model

Estimate gas flow rate and flowing bottom hole pressure
Perform sensitivity analysis to well head pressure and tubing size
Data
PVT
.
_'C.
Description
...
Separator pressure
Separator Temperature
Separator GOR
separator gas gravity
Tank GOR
Tank gas gravity
Condensate density API
WGR (condensed vaporized water)
Water salinity
10000
0.5
0.8
0
4870
274
6495
C02
N2
H2S
Dew point pressure
Reservoir pressure
(
Value.
500
80
6943
0.81
120
0.96
50.5
Units
psig
F
scf/Stb
scf/stb
ppm
%
%
%
psig
F
psig
Deviation survey
Vertical well down to 15000 ft .
.r--Down-hole equipment
-,:-
Description .
Xmas tree
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Casing
....1 .
Measure depth .. .. Tubing/Casing ID ..
._. ..
0
3000
14500
15000
ft
. .
<
---
2.992
2.441
2.992
6.366
Page 34/62
inch
..
I . .-
.
--
..
Roughness
.
inch
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
IFM-Solutions
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("
IPM Training Manual
Geothermal gradient
Ambient temperature: 70"F.

Reservoir temperature: 274 "Fat 15000 ft.
Overall heat transfer coefficient: 5 Btu/h/ft2/f
Reservoir data
Petroleum Experts IPR reservoir model
.
Description_
Reservoir Pressure
GOR
WGR
Reservoir permeability
Reservoir thickness
Drainage area
c. Dietz shape factor
Wellbore radius
Perforation thickness
Time since production started
Porosity
Residual water saturation
Skin
"
Values
6495
274
6944
2
17
120
100
31.6
0.354
120
100
11
25
1
..
Units
psig
"F
Scf/stb
Stb/MMScf
md
ft
Acres
(Dietz shape)
ft
ft
days
%
%
Questions
1.
For a well head pressure of 1500 psig, estimate:

:c... ..
Variables
..
Gas flow rate
Value
.31,G1Z

2.
Units
MMscf/day
psig
2..07- .-:":13
"F
Evaluate gas production increase with the following alternatives:

Tubing size increase
Well head pressure reduction (compression).
Which is the most attractive alternative?
Save the PROSPER file as P-OB.out

Page 35/62
/.----------------------------------------------------------------------------.
tFM-Solutions
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(
~INTEGRATED
FIELD MODELJNG
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial P-09: Electrical submersible pump design
An electric submersible pump design is requested and we have the following data:
Objectives
Using PROSPER design an electric submersible pump.

Perform sensitivity analysis using the created model.
PVTdata
Description
GOR
Oil density
Value
170
28
scf/stb
API
Gas gravity
Water salinity
0.72
1000
ppm
Units
Deviation survey
Vertical well down to 1700 m

Down-hole equipment
Type
Measure depth
m
Xmas tree
Tubing
0
1600
Casing
1700
Tubing ID
inch
2.441
TubingOD
inch
2.875
CasingiD
inch
6.36
6.36
Note: Top of Perforations at 1700 m

Geothermal gradient
Measure depth
m
0
1700
Temperature
F
80
152
Overall heat transfer coefficient: 8 Btu/h/ft2/F
. _ _ .. ._ . _ . . _ _ .. . . . . . . .. _ _ . _ .. . . . . . . . . .. _ _ . _ . . _ . _ _ .. . . ._ . _ . . _ . _ _ . . _. . . .. _ _ . _ . _ . . ___
Page 36/62
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IPM Training Manual
Reservoir data
Description
Reservoir Pressure
Water cut
GOR
Permeability
Net thickness
Drainage Area
Dietz Shape factor c.:
Wei/bore radius
Skin
Units
Value
1630
152
psig
55
170
250
6
100
31
0.354
0
"F
scf/stb
md
m
acres
ft
Results
Perform the design of an electric-submersible pump considering:

Expected liquid rate of 1000 stb/day
Assuming a well head pressure of 150 psi
Operating frequency 60 hz
Pump located 200m above the perforations
Selected ESP:
Description
Pump selected
Description
Model
Number of stages
Model
HP
Perform a sensitivity analysis to the water cut and check that operating points are located inside the
operating envelope of the ESP.
r
r
Page 37/62
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r_
~INTEGRATED
FIELD MODELING
r-
!PM Training Manual
Tutorial P-10: Gas lift design
Objectives
Perform a gas lift design in PROSPER.

Determine the number, depth and orifice of the unloading valves.
Obtain the optimum gas lift injection rate that maximizes the production.
PVT data
Description
Value
500
32
0.65
75000
GOR
Oil density
Gas gravity
Water salinity
Units
scf/stb
API
ppm
r
System Equipment
r
Deviation survey
Vertical well down to 2400 m
Down-hole equipment
Type
Measure depth
Tubing/Casing ID
inch
Roughness
inch
Xmas tree
Tubing
0
2200
2.99
0.0006
Casing
2400
6.36
0.0006
r
Note: Packer depth 2200 m
r
Geothermal gradient
Measure depth
m
0
2400
Temperature
"F
70
165
Overall heat transfer coefficient: 8 Btu/h/ft2/F
,----------------------------------------------------------------------www.ifm-solutions.com
Page 38/62
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:
IPM Training Manual
Reservoir data
Description
Reservoir Pressure
Water cut
GOR
Permeability
Net Thickness
Drainage area
Dietz Shape factor
Wellbore radius
Skin
c.:
Value
2900
165
70
500
80
15
100
31
0.354
0
Units
psig
'F
%
scf/stb
md
m
acres
ft
Gas lift data
Parameter
Gas lift gas gravity
Available gas
Well head pressure
Gas lift Casing pressure
~P valves
Packer depth
Water cut
Minimum spacing between valves
Valve type
Completion fluid gradient
Value
0.65
20
200
1500
100
2200
70
100
CAMCO R-20
0.43
Units
MMsd/day
psig
psig
psi
m
%
m
Normal
psi/ft
,r
Page 39/62
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1,...--- ~ INTEGRI\TED FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
(~
--------------------------------------------------------
,-
Results
1.
Determine the number of mandrels/valves necessary to start up the well and their depths.
Valve number
Depth
m
1-
Determine the depth and size of the operating orifice: ............................................................ ..
2.
Determine the optimum gas lift injection rate that maximize the oil production rate for a
well head pressure of 200 psi and water cuts of 70, 80 and 90%.
Water cut
Optimum gas lift

Injection rate
MMscf/day
Oil production
rate
Stb/day
70
80
90
I
Performance curve
1000
900
,,
.,>.
-..
800
700
:<!
"'
600
r-
,-
soo
s:
::s
"D
0
r
r
r
~
'
:
,-
,r
400
300
200
100
0
0
8
10
12
14
Gas lift gas lnjeetion rate MMscf/day
Page 40/62
16
18
20
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('
-------------------------------------------------------GAP
GAP is the surface network modelling tool developed by Petroleum Experts Ltd. This tool can help
the engineers to study a field in an integrated fashion. GAP can be linked directly to MBAL and
PROSPER to model the entire system from the reservoir, wells and surface facilities.
Methodology
Through exercises the engineer will familiarize with the use of GAP in different context.
The engineer will have to solve reservoir engineering problems evaluating the field in an integrated
fashion.
The exercises and tutorials have been design to learn how to:
1. Set up GAP Models

Constructing the network
Linking the corresponding files to the icons
Generating VLP/IPR
Entering pipeline data

2.
Solving the network

Solve the network for:
i. Non optimization case
ii. Optimizing
Initializing IPRs from tank simulations
Performing sensitivity analysis
3.
Production forecast.
Non-optimizing
Optimizing
Modifying the network and adding constraints and schedule.
Page 41/62
,.---------------~----------------------------------------------------------- IFM-Solutions
('
,r
bifmsolutions
IPM Training Manual
(~--------------------------------------------------------------------Tutorial G-01: Gas and condensate field integrated production model set up
,r
Objectives:
Set up an integrated model for a gas and condensate field
Familiarize with the use of GAP
Generate IPR and VLP
The set up of a model in GAP consist on a series of steps:
1. Draw the layout of the system in GAP.

('
Using the short-cut icons showed below:
From left to right the icons are: Add Separator, Add Joint, Add link~pipe, Add Well, Add Tank
Draw the following layout:
(
Woll2
Woll3
-.
-. .,
-'
,X>.
-. -.
2. Linking the icons with the corresponding file.

The Tank and Well icons should have an associated file created in MBAL and PROSPER respectively.
The Tank icon should be associated to the file created in the Tutorial M-Q3. (M-D3.mbi)
,--
The Weill icon should be associated to the file created in the Tutorial P~08 (P~OB.out)
The Well 2 and Well 3 icons should be associated to the PROSPER files attached in the auxiliary
folder called: Aux_Files\day3\G-01_ Wefl2.aut and Aux_Fi/es\day3\G-D1_ Wel/3.out
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IPM Training Manual
r3.
Generating IPR and VLP
Generate the IPR from the main menu in GAP selecting:
Generate I Generate well /PRs with PROSPER

(~
Generate the VLPs from the main menu in GAP selecting:
Generate I Generate well VLPs with PROSPER

In the VLPs generation is very important to enter a wide range of conditions that will cover all
possible intersections of VLP and IPR.
Discuss the ranges of the different variables used.
4.
Pipe
__
-_-
... _--
Enter the pipeline information
'----
-_
-- -----
-.
.- ___ -
--
Length km
Inside diameter inches
Roughness inches
Correlation
Outside Temp "F
Overall heat Transfer coef. BTU/h/F/ft'
WHlto
- Manifold
3
6
0.0006
Beggs and
Brill
70
3
----_
WH2to Manifold
2.5
6
0.0006
Beggs and
Brill
70
WH3to
mar\ifpld
4
6
0.0006
Beggs and
Brill
70
3
Manifold to
- sepjoint 40
11
0.0006
Beggs and
Brill
70
Note: Assume a flat terrain for all the pipelines
Save the GAP file as
G-Ol.gap
r----------------------------------------------------------------------www.jfm-solutions.com
(~
Page 43/62
IFMSolutions
Oifmsolutions
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial G-02: Integrated Production model- Solve Network
Objectives:
Familiarize with the concepts of:

How to solve the network in GAP
Initialize the IPRs from Tank simulations
Optimize/Non-optimize options
Performing sensitivities
1.
Solve the network for a Separator pressure of 1000 psig

Analyze the gas production rate at the separator and in each well in the system.
.
..
.well.l
.....
Wefl2
...
Well3 .
Separator
..
Gas production
rateMMscf/day
2.
Initialize the IPRs from Tank simulations at the most recent date
Discuss the changes.
3.
Solve the network for a Separator pressure of 1000 psig

Analyze the total gas production rate and in each well.
.
Weill
...
Well2 _:: _
Wefl3
Separator
Gas production ...

rateMMsd/day
What is the difference between point 1 and point 3?
,---------------------------www.ifm-solutions.com
Page 44/62
IFM-Solutions
' Oifmsolutions
r
IPM Training Manual
4.
Evaluate the installation of compressors at the plant {Separator location), for that perform a
sensitivity analysis to the separator pressure ranging fram 1000 psig to 100 psig.
1000
800
600
400
200
100
...
c
c
r
Separator pres.sure
Separator Gas l)roduction rate .,
MMscf/day
..
..
psig
. . I . .
5. In the plant a piece of equipment will be out of service for a couple of months for a major
maintenance; this will limit the total capacity of the plant to 45 MMscf/doy of gas at the separator
level. Solve the network optimizing with this limitation with a separator pressure of 1000 psig and
,.
check how GAP honours this constraint.

Which well is GAP chocking back? Why?
,.
r
6.
The reservoir engineer is considering shut in Well 2 for a pressure build transient test during the
plant limited capacity period. How much gas production rate is expected from the rest of the wells?
(""
'
7':
.Weill.
Well3
Separator
Gas production
I rate MIViscf/dev
r
r
r
Save the GAP file as G-02.gap
Page 45/62
IFMSolutions
'r bifmsolutions
/PM Training Manual
'
Tutorial G-03: Integrated Production Model - Production forecast
Objectives:
Familiarize the user on how to perform production forecasts

Perform different prediction scenarios saving the results
'
(
The production forecast will be performed from the most recent date entered in the production
history of the tank until 01/01/2025 with 1 month time step size.
'
r
a. Perform a production forecast using a separator pressure of 1000 psig with all wells fully open.
Check the results such as gas production rate profiles at the separator, per well and fill in the next
tables:
'
r
-
Cumulative gas
production 8scft2""1
Weill _
.Separator.
--
--
weu.z
--
_- .. Well 3 _ -- --
--_
'
Gas recovery factor%
-_
Abandonment reservoir pressure __

P/Zabandonment
- .-- __ -
b. A new contract is being negotiated; the company should be able to deliver 55 MMscf/day of gas until
01/07/2018. As a reservoir engineer in charge of the field you have to evaluate if it is possible to
achieve this target rate. For that you might have to evaluate different alternatives.
i. . Set up the constraint at the separator level
ii.
Set all the well in controllable
iii.
Perform a prediction optimizing to check if the field is able to produce the target
rate for mentioned period without additional investments.
iv.
If necessary to be able to achieve the contract rate evaluate the following scenarios:
1. Installing compressor at the plant (Separator location), specify compressors

installation timing and inlet pressure.
2./nstalling compressors at the manifold, specify compression installation
timing, inlet pressure and power requirements.
3.Drilling additional wells, select a type well, specify drill plan schedule.
4. Pulling/Workover option, changing the tubing size of the wells.
Comment and discuss the results with your colleagues.
Save the GAP file as G-03.gap
Page 46/62
~------------------------------------------------ IFM-Solutions
' Oifmsolutions
(---
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial G-04: Integrated model for an Oil field

A recent discovered offshore oil field is on production with one well located 16000 feet from an
existing production platform.
The water depth in the region is approximately 85 feet as shown in the next diagram.
185ft
I
r-
r-
The pipeline is an 8 inches ID and the separator in the platform is operating at 400 psig.
The reservoir is modelled in MBAL and the file has been created by the reservoir engineer and is
located in the Auxiliary files folder AuxJiles\day3\G.04_Tank.mbi

The well model is the PROSPER file created in the tutorial P-05, P-OS.out
The separator maximum capacity allocated for this field is of 50000 stb/day of liquid.
Perform the following steps:
1. Construct the GAP lay-out for this system

2.
Perform a production forecast from the end of the production history until January 2029
using 1 month time step size for the first couple of years and 2 months time step size until
the end.
3.
Evaluate the oil production rate evolution, the oil recovery factor, the cumulative oil
production.
4.
It is possible to drill 2 more wells with a distance of 5000 feet from the discovery well,
evaluate the impact of drilling these wells in 2012 (January and June respectively).
5.
Evaluate the option of maintaining the reservoir pressure by means of water injection at
6800 psig. When it will be required to inject water in the reservoir to avoid going below the
proposed value? How much water injection rate would be required?
Page 47/62
~-------------------------------------------------------------------------JFM-Solutions
~
(
bifmsolutions
IPM Training Manual
Workshop
I
Tutorial W-01: Gas field integrated model
I
I
A gas field located on-land is producing since 1973 with an average gas rate production of 30
MMscf/day.
Since 2010 a new contract was signed to deliver 45 MMscf/day until January 2020.
Evaluate if this contract is feasible and consider different options to achieve the contract using the
data provided below:
Schematic of the field:
Gl:620m
,..
13500 m 10:10 indl
4100 m 10:10 inch
1200 m 10:10 inch
Well1
GL~
GL: 620m
811 rn
GL: 605m
The delivery point pressure is 70 kg/cm 2
,.
Page 48/62
~--------------------------------------------------------------------
' Oifmsolutions
(
IPM Training Manual
PVTdata
. Parameters
.' .
Value

Separator pressure
CGR (Condensate to gas ratio)
Oil density
Water salinity
H2S%
C02%
N2%
_:_ Units
0.71
1000
7
42
70000
0
11
1
Psig
Stb/MMscf
API
Ppm
%
%
%
Reservoir data
(
,.
.. .
:'Parameters :
<
Reservoir initial pressure
Average porosity
Connate water saturation
Reservoir thickness
.. Value
302
. ' .
Units
...
OF
Psig
8659
6
32
%
%
67
feet
The production and reservoir pressure history is located in the file W-Dl_Production_history.xls
located in the auxiliary files folder. (AuxJiles\day4\ W-Ol_Production_Histary.xls)
Wells data
The following section describes the well data
'
Page 49/62
,.----------------------------------------------------------------------------.
JFM-Solutions
Oifmsolutions
r' ~
IPM Training Manual
r
Weill
Deviation Survey
Measured depth
....
True Vertical depth

....
.feet
.
0
12598
12956
14087
17443
17759
18657
l:.... . feet.
0
12598
12959
14091
17454
17772
18678
r
r
Down-hole equipment
..
r
r
..
Type
Xmas Tree
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing_
Casing
.
1
Tubing
roughness
inches
Measured
depth .. .TubingiD
feet
inches
0
109
3.96
3.81
14403
2.99
2.2
14435
2.99
17740
Casing
rollghriess
inches
Casing ID
inches
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
4.41
0.0006
Geothermal gradient
r
.
Measured depth
feet
Formation temperature
'
0
17740
'F59
302
r
(
Overall heat transfer coefficient: 2 Btu/h/ft /F

Inflow performance data
Parameter-
..
. Value
Units
Cand n
Reservoir Model
Reservoir Pressure
Water-Gas Ratio
Condensate Gas Ratio
... ..
c
n
... . .
3118
302
0
7
IPRModel data . . .
0.0096
I
1
I
(psi\1)
(deq F)
(STB/MMscf)
(STB/MMscf)
.
I (Mscfldaylpsi2)
I
Page 50/62
,.---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IFM-Solutions
r
r
' Oifmsolutions
r"
~INTEGRATED
FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
r
r
r
Well2
Deviation survey
Measured depth . True vertical depth

.. .feel >. .:feet .. ........
0
13238
16063
19423
19715
0
13238
16053
19393
19678
Down-hole equipment
...
Type
Xmas Tree
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Casing
Casing ;.Casing
Tubing
Measured Tubing
depth ..
roughness
ID . . roughness.
ID
inches . inches . inches
feet .
inches
0
106
14567
14600
16463
3.96
2.61
3.96
3.46
3.96
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
6.36
0.0006
r
r
Geothermal gradient
Measure depth
'feef
0
16463
Formationtemperature
....... OF
. .
59
260
Overall heat transfer coefficient: 2 Btu/h/ft 2/F

r

.
Parameter'
Value
Units
Reservoir Model
C and n
(psiql
3060.1
Reservoir Pressure
(deq
F)
302
(STB!MMscf)
Water-Gas Ratio
0
(STB/MMscf)
Condensate Gas Ratio
823
... .
. ..
. . .
I
IPRmodeldata . .....
0.009
(Mscfiday/psi2)
I
n
1
I
.
.~
r,.--------------------------------------------------------------------------www.ifm-solutions.com
Page 51/62
IFM-Solutions
~ ~ifmsolutions
'
IPM Training Manual
r-
Well3
Deviation survey
True vertical depth
Measure depth
... I
. feet
.feet
0
0
7298
7298
12467
12464
12549
12546
13041
13038
14321
14316
14518
14512
15502
15482
16781
16729
17175
17109
17758
17676
17848
17765
.. ....
Down-hole equipment
.
'
I ..
Type
'
Xmas Tree
TubinQ
Restriction
TubinQ
TubinQ
Restriction
Tubing
Restriction
Tubing
Casing
.Mea.sured .Tubing
depth,... . ..JD.
inches
feet
0
3.96
105
3.81
17038
3.96
17048
2.99
2.75
17111
2.99
2.2
17144
2.99
17270
Tubing
Casing Casing
roughness . .10 - . roughness
inches
inches
inches
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
0.0006
6.46
0.0006
Geothermal gradient
Measure depth
.
.. feel
0
17270
'
... .F:olll)ation temperature ...
F .
.. .
59
302
Overall heat transfer coefficient: 2 Btu/h/ft'/F

Parameter
Reservoir Model
Reservoir Pressure
Reservoir
Temperature
Water-Gas Ratio
Condensate Gas
Ratio
c
n
Value
C and n
3073.16
Units
(psiQ)
302
0
(deq F)
(STB/MMscf)
8.23
(STBIMMscf)
0.3749
0.71848
(Mscf/davlosi2)
Page 52/62
JFM-Solutions
( Oifmsolutions
!PM Training Manual
Questions:
Is it possible to achieve the proposed contract? What actions should be considered?
............ " ,., ' ........... ..................................................... " ......... " ............................................... ' ........... .
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
Page 53/62
~-------------------------------------------------------- JFM-Solutions
: Oifmsolutions
...._,.. INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial W-02: Gas field integrated model- Part 2

The company has made a new discovery nearby the gas field modelled in the Tutorial W-01. A new
structure located 12 km south of Well 2 containing dry gas reservoir.
The process engineers are considering tie-in the new field to the existing facilities.
The company is evaluating extending the existing gas sale contract from 45 MMscf/day to 60
MMscf/day from June-2012 until 2020.
The following parameters have been estimated:
.~
Value ..
Parameter .
Units
Reservoir depth
12320
feet
230
OF
Pressure gradient
Normal
GOIS volumetric estimation
137
Bscf
Reservoir permeability
32
md
Net thickness
34.7
feet
Drainage area
500
Acres
0.675
CGR
5.1
stb/MMscf
Oil density
47
API
Water salinity
100000
ppm
H25
co,
N,
0.5
'
Evaluate if it is possible to achieve the proposed target rate for the proposed period, estimate the
number of wells required in the new structure.
Also evaluate if the gas production of the existing wells will be impacted by the back pressure of this
new development.
Page 54/62
IFM-Solutions
""
~~
Oifmsolutions
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial W-03: Offshore Oil field development plan
Objectives
An offshore oil field has been discovered with two reservoirs (Reservoir 1 and Reservoir 2) and few
data is available.
The discovered field is located some 20 km from an existing platform.
With some minor investment the existing platform can accommodate additional40000 stb/day of
liquid. The platform contains dedicated export oil and gas flow-lines going to the shore.
Using the data provided below design a field development plan, a minimum recovery factor of 30%
for both reservoirs will make this project attractive.
The proposed start date of production is 01/06/2014 and end of concession is 1/01/2027.
In the next diagram and tables you will find all the data available:
45F
20km
14800 feet
13700feet
Data
.
OOIP
Pressure
GOR
API
Gas gravity
Reservoir depth
Permeability
Net thickness
Porosity
Connate water saturation
Water salinity
Reservoir 1
160
6600
470
36
0.68
13700
52
22
0.19
0.23
87000
197
.Reservoir 2
70
10200
1450
41
0.72
14800
420
45
0.23
0.15
12000
240
Units.
MMstb
psig
scf/stb
TVDSS (feet)
rnd
feet
fraction
fraction
ppm
"F
,----------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 55/62
IFM~Solutions
Oifmsolutions
,r ~INTEGRATED FIElD MODELING
IPM Training Manual
Relative permeability curve Corey function table

Phase.
r
.-
<
Water
Oil
Gas
...
..
..
Residual
-~ . saturation
0.23/0.15
0.15
0.02
End Point
..
...
0.8
.7
0.9
Corey Exponent
.
..
1
1.5
1
Field development plan description (e.g. number of wells, drill plan schedule, type of wells (e.g.
naturally flowing, artificially lifted), water injection requirements, etc)
.................................................................................................................................................................
Plot the expected oil production rate, water production rate, gas production rate.
What is the oil recovery factor for reservoir 1 and reservoir 2?

r-
,-------------------------------------------------------------------www.ifm-solutions.com
Page 56/62
JFM-Solutions
( Oifmsolutions
,--
IPM Training Manual
Tutorial W-04: Tight gas well modelling
Objectives: Practice the steps to construct and calibrate tight gas well model
Data Provided
PVT data
..
Gas gravity
. .
0.7
Separator Pressure.
...
CGR
2
35
Condensate gravity
Watersalinity ..
~
H2S
C02
N2
..
.
<.
....
.
250
... ..
29000
...
.
.
psig
Stb/MMscf
API
ppm
0
0
0
Petro-physical parameters
Model Type
Well Radius _ ... .
..
...
Well in Bounded Radial Reservoir
0.354
(feet)
..
0
0
(1/(Mscf/day))
5000
(psig)
200
(deg F)
Darcy Skiri(S) . . .
Non- Darcy Skin (D)
Initial Pressure.... .. .
r
lnitiaiTemperature
0.1
(md)
DrainageAreaRadius
650
(feet)
Porosity
. .
0.1
(fraction)
....
200
(feet)
(day)
0.4
(fraction)
Use Corr
(1/psi)
4.00E-06
(1/psi)
Permeability
LayerThickneiss
Start.of Production
.ConnateWater,Saturation
Water Compressibility
Rock.Compressibility
..
Well data information
The well is a vertical well down to 12000 feet with a 2 7/8" tubing (ID 2.441 inch)
2
Overall heat transfer coefficient 3 Btu/f/h/ft and ambient temperature of 70F.

The well test data is provided in the Excel spread sheet called
AuxJiles\day5\ Tight_gas_we/1_ Test.xls
Page 57/62
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J Hf.1oso {l<ili HIZIA e.

/PM Training course

An Introduction to PROSPER, MBAL and GAP

IPM Training Manual

ifm-so/utions. All rights reserved.

lfm-so/utions Contact details:

Petroleum Experts Ltd contact details:

J HIJ."Josiluill Hlz;~ ft.

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................................................3

/PM training course introduction ...............................................................................................................................................4

Tutorial M-05: Performing predictions in MBAL for a gas reservoir ........................................................................................ 15

INTEGRATED FlE\.0 MOOEUNG

IPM Training Manual

Understanding the limitations of methods and techniques used

Graphical method (Havlena Odeh, Campbell, Cole)

Nodal analysis concept review

Analyzing the well performance

Integrating PROSPER and MBAL files

Integrated model Workshop

Tight gas well modelling (PROSPER, MBAL, GAP)

Gas lift design

~ INTEGRATED FJELD MODEUNG

IPM Training Manual

-----------------------------------------------------------------------The concept of IPM

IPM Training Manual

'-------------------------------------------------------------------------The IPM modelling platform

GAP, Surface network modelling and optimization tool.

MBAL, Material balance reservoir modelling tool

construct models that will be used by other tools

IPM Training Manual

Introduction and scope of work

Performing history matching

Fractional flow curve matching, Fw, Fg

Estimating the drive mechanism

4. Production forecast using MBAL in standalone.

(" ~INTEGRATED FJELD MODE.LING

IPM Training Manual

'Parameters ... ... ...

Pseudo relative permeability curves data

Save this tutorial as M-01.mbi

IPM Training Manual

Reservoir temperature: 197 "F.

value is 1670 psig @ 197"F.

The initial reservoir pressure at the datum depth is 4217 psig.

Datum depth: 9370 feet.

( , --:;::- INTS:GRATEO FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

Pseudo relative permeability curves data

Save this tutorial as M-02.mbi

!PM Training Manual

Corey Exponent ...

Save this tutorial as M-03.mbi

~ INTEGRATED FIELD MODELING

IPM Training Manual

Tutorial M-04: MBAL oil field history matching and predictions

PVT Laboratory measurements

Bo ... Oil viscosity

Pseudo relative permeability curves data

~ INTEGRATED FJELD MODELING

!PM Training Manual

Variables :>'. ';_ '___

Oil initial in place

Section 2: Production forecast

What would you da to improve the recovery factor?

~r.t./':f!I!Me.J. 7 ..~r.~~ ..cft':..&.6w,..................................................................................