55986-10 - v1 - Grid Code 3 2 5 - V 4 1-30 September 2010

Technical regulation 3.2.
5 for wind
power plants with a power output
greater than 11 kW
4.1
REV.
DESCRIPTION
30.9.2010
DATE
SFJ/KDJ
NAME
PREPARED
CHECKED
REVIEWED
APPROVED
55986/10
Energinet.dk
Revision view
Chapter
Text
Version
Date
Definition 1.6 adjusted
4.1
30.9.2010
All
Updated and notified to the Danish Energy Regulatory

Authority
4.0
29.9.2010
All
Public consultation
3.0
16.6.2010
All
Consideration by external working group
2.0
1.12.2009
All
Compilation of previous regulations
1.0
1.9.2009
Document no. 55986/10, Technical Regulation 3.2.5
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List of contents
1.
Terminology and definitions ............................................................. 5
2.
Objective, scope and regulatory provisions ....................................... 11
3.
Tolerance of frequency and voltage deviations .................................. 17
4.
Electricity quality .......................................................................... 23
5.
Control and monitoring.................................................................. 34
6.
Protection.................................................................................... 47
7.
Data communication and exchange of signals ................................... 50
8.
Verification and documentation....................................................... 53
Appendix 1 Documentation ..................................................................... 55

Appendix 2 Simulation model .................................................................. 66
Appendix 3 Calculation examples for electricity quality................................ 70
Appendix 4 Signal list ............................................................................ 73
Appendix 5 Commissioning report............................................................ 74
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To the reader
This regulation includes the technical and functional minimum requirements
which wind power plants with a rated power greater than 11 kW must comply
with if they are to be connected to the Danish grid.
The regulation is structured so that chapter 1 outlines the terminology and
definitions used; chapter 2 describes the regulatory provisions and relevant
references, while the technical and functional requirements are described in
chapter 3 onwards.
The technical requirements in the regulation are divided in relation to the total
rated power in the same point of connection:
-
Wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 25 kW (typically

called 'small wind turbines') - requirements and power limits have been
harmonised with future/existing European and other international standards.
Wind power plants with a power output range of 25 kW to 1.5 MW requirements and power limits are defined in accordance with Danish
legislation, which requires that local development plans be prepared.
Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW requirements and power limits have been harmonised with other technical
regulations for electricity-generating plants.
Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW - requirements

and power limits have been harmonised with other technical regulations for
electricity-generating plants.
The regulation makes extensive use of terminology and definitions, the most
important of which are described in chapter 1. In the regulation, terminology
and definitions are written in italics.
The regulation can also be found on our website, and in the event of
discrepancies between the English and Danish versions, the Danish version shall
apply.
The regulation is published by the transmission system operator (TSO) and can
be downloaded from www.energinet.dk.
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Terminology and definitions
1.
1.1

Absolute production limiter
An absolute production constraint is a device controlling active power in relation

to an absolute value. A more detailed description can be found in chapter
5.2.2.1.
1.2
Plant owner
The plant owner is the legal owner of the wind power plant. The plant owner is
entitled to hand over the operational responsibility to a wind turbine generator
system operator.
1.3
COMTRADE
COMTRADE (Common Format for Transient Data) is a file format specified in

IEEE standard C37.111-1999, which has been developed for the exchange of
information on phenomena occurring in connection with faults, testing and
simulation. The standard includes a description of the required file types and
the sources of transient data such as protective relays, fault recorders and
simulation models. The standard also defines sample rates, filters and the
conversion of transient data to be exchanged.
1.4
Delta production constraint
A delta production constraint is a device controlling active power with a fixed

deviation (delta) between possible and active power. A more detailed
description can be found in chapter 5.2.2.2.
1.5
Power gradient constraint
A power gradient constraint is a device controlling active power with a fixed

increase/reduction (gradient) of the active power. A more detailed description
can be found in chapter 5.2.2.3.
1.6
Electricity supply undertaking
The electricity supply undertaking is the enterprise to whose grid a wind power
plant is connected electrically. For voltage levels up to 100 kV it is the local
distribution network operator, and for voltage levels greater than 100 kV it is
the regional transmission operator.
1.7
Flicker
Flicker is the impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by voltage

fluctuations. Flicker occurs if the luminance or the spectral distribution of the
light fluctuates with time. At a certain intensity, flicker becomes an irritant to
the eye. Flicker is measured by means of a flicker meter in accordance with IEC
61000-4-15 [ref. 14].
1.8
Frequency control
The control of active power with a view to stabilising the grid frequency is called
frequency control. A more detailed description can be found in chapter 5.2.1.
1.9
Generator convention
The sign for active/reactive power indicates the power flow seen from the
generator. The consumption/import of active/reactive power is indicated by
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means of a negative sign, while the generation/export of active/reactive power

is indicated by means of a positive sign.
1.10
Small wind turbine (SWT)
A small wind turbine is one or several wind turbine generator systems with a
total rated power of up to 25 kW which has been connected to the public
electricity supply network, see IEC 61400-2 [ref. 13]. A small wind turbine is
most often installation connected.
1.11
Public electricity supply network
The public electricity supply network is transmission grids and distribution

networks whose purpose is to transmit electricity for an indefinite group of
electricity suppliers and consumers on the terms laid down by public authorities.
The transmission grid is defined as the public electricity supply network with a
nominal voltage greater than 100 kV, whereas the distribution network is
defined as the public electricity supply network with a nominal voltage lower
than 100 kV.
1.12
Short-circuit power
The short-circuit power, Sk, is the size of the three-phase short-circuit power in
the point of connection.
1.13
Point of common coupling
The point of common coupling (PCC) is the point in the public electricity supply
network where consumers are or can be connected. Electrically the point of
common coupling and the point of connection may coincide. The point of
common coupling is always placed closest to the public electricity supply
network, see Figure 1 and Figure 2. The electricity supply undertaking
determines the point of common coupling.
1.14
Rated power of a wind turbine generator system
The rated power of a wind turbine generator system is the highest active power
at which a wind turbine generator system is designed to continuously supply
electricity. The rated power can be seen from the type approval, see IEC
60050-415-04-03 (modified) and Danish Executive Order no. 651 of 26 June
2008) [ref. 21].
1.15
Rated power of a wind power plant
The rated power of a wind power plant, Pn, is the highest active power which a
wind power plant is approved to supply continuously in the point of common
coupling. The rated power must appear from the project approval, see IEC
60050-415-04-04 (modified) and Danish Executive Order no. 651 of 26 June
2008 [ref. 21].
1.16
Rated current
The rated current, In, is defined as the maximum continuous current a wind
power plant is designed to provide under normal operating conditions, see IEC
61400-21 [ref. 16].
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1.17
Rated wind speed
The rated wind speed is the average wind speed at which a wind turbine
generator system achieves its rated power, see IEC 60050-415-03-04 [ref. 28].
The average wind speed is calculated as the average value of wind speeds
measured at hub height over a period of 10 minutes.
1.18
Distribution network operator
Enterprise licensed to operate the distribution network.
1.19
Nominal voltage
The voltage for which a network is defined and to which operational

measurements are referred.
1.20
Normal production area
The normal production area indicates the voltage/frequency level at which a

wind power plant must be able to continuously produce electricity, see chapter
3.1 and chapter 3.2.
1.21
Power infrastructure
The power infrastructure is the electrical infrastructure between the individual

wind turbine generator systems of a wind power plant up to the point of
connection where the power generated is supplied to the public electricity
supply network.
1.22
Balance-responsible party for production (BRP for

production)
A balance-responsible party for production (BRP for production) is financially

liable to the transmission system operator. The BRP for production holds the
balance responsibility for a given electricity-generating facility vis--vis the
transmission system operator. It can be seen from Regulation E - Appendix
'Guidelines for net settlement of own generation' (Retningslinjer for
nettoafregning af egenproduktion) which electricity-generating facilities need a
BRP for production [ref. 26].
1.23
Interconnected electricity supply system
The interconnected electricity supply system is the public electricity supply

network with associated facilities in a large area which are interconnected with
a view to joint operation.
1.24
Voltage fluctuation
Voltage fluctuation is a series of rapid voltage changes or a periodic variation of

the RMS value of the voltage.
1.25
Voltage reference point
A voltage reference point is a metering point that is used for voltage control.
The voltage reference point is either in the point of connection or the point of
common coupling or a point in between. Out of consideration for a possible tap
changer, the voltage reference point is normally found at the high-voltage side
of the plant transformer. The electric supply undertaking chooses the location of
the voltage reference point, see Figure 2.
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The voltage measurement is made available free of charged to the interface

point agreed upon if voltage control is required.
1.26
Droop
The droop is the angle of a curve which a control function must comply with.
1.27
Cut-out wind speed
The cut-out wind speed is the maximum wind speed at hub height at which a
wind power plant is designed to generate power, see IEC 60050-415-03-06.
Cut-out-wind speed is calculated as the average value measured at hub height
over a 10-minute period.
1.28
Transmission system operator (TSO)
Enterprise entrusted with the overall responsibility for maintaining security of

supply and ensuring the efficient utilisation of an interconnected electricity
supply system.
1.29
Point of connection
The point of connection (POC) is the point in the public electricity supply
network where the wind power plant is or can be connected; see Figure 1 and
Figure 2 for the typical placing of the point of connection.
All requirements in this regulation apply to the point of connection. Following
agreement with the electricity supply undertaking, reactive compensation at no
load can be placed somewhere else in the public electricity supply network. The
electricity supply undertaking determines the point of connection.
Figure 1 illustrates how a small wind turbine is typically connected to the grid
and where the point of connection (POC) and the point of common coupling are
typically placed. In the situation shown, the point of common coupling (PCC)
and the point of connection (POC) coincide.
Small scale wind power plants can be connected in the same way as small wind
turbines.
Figure 1 Typical grid connection of a small wind turbine

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Figure 2 illustrates how wind power plants are typically connected to the grid
and where the point of connection (POC) and the point of common coupling
(PCC) are typically placed.
Consumption
Voltage > 1 kV
POC
PCC
Voltage reference point
POC
Note: if a tap changer has

been implemented,
PCC will normally be the
voltage reference point
PCC: Point of Common Coupling
POC
POC: Point of Connection
Figure 2 Typical grid connections of wind power plants
1.30
Regional transmission operator
An enterprise licensed to operate the transmission system or an electricity

supply undertaking that operates the transmission system.
1.31
Typical operating voltage
The typical operating voltage, U, is determined by the electricity supply

undertaking. The typical operating voltage is used to determine the normal
production area and the transformation ratio for the step-up transformer.
1.32
UTC
UTC is an abbreviation of Coordinated Universal Time (Universal Time,

Coordinated).
1.33
Wind power plant
A wind power plant is one or several wind turbine generator systems with a
total rated power greater than 25 kW which has been connected to the public
electricity supply network, see IEC 61400-1 [ref. 12].
A wind power plant comprises all necessary power supply and auxiliary
equipment, and it is therefore the entire wind power plant that must be
designed in accordance with the requirements in this regulation.
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In this regulation, the term wind power plant is used as the umbrella term for
small wind turbines and wind turbine generator systems. A wind power plant
only has one point of connection.
1.34
Wind power plant controller
A wind power plant controller is a set of control functions that makes it possible
to control a wind power plant as one plant in the point of connection. The set of
control functions must be a part of the wind power plant.
1.35
Wind turbine generator system
A wind turbine generator system is a system generating electrical power by

means of wind, see IEC 60050-415-01-02 [ref. 28].
1.36
Wind turbine generator system operator
The wind turbine generator system operator is the enterprise responsible for the
operation of the wind power plant, either through ownership or contractual
obligations.
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Objective, scope and regulatory provisions
2.
2.1

Objective
The objective of Technical Regulation TF 3.2.5 is to specify the minimum

technical and functional requirements which a wind power plant with a rated
power greater than 11 kW must comply with in the point of connection when
the wind power plant is connected to the public electricity supply network.
In pursuance of section 7(1) of the Danish Executive Order no. 1463 of 19
December 2005 on transmission system operation and the use of the electricity
transmission grid etc., this regulation has been prepared following discussions
with the distribution network operators and regional transmission companies. It
has also been in public consultation before being notified to the Danish Energy
Regulatory Authority.
This regulation applies within the framework of the Danish Electricity Supply
Act, see Danish Executive Order no. 516 of 20 May 2010 as subsequently
amended.
A wind power plant must comply with Danish legislation, the Danish Heavy
Current Regulation and the Joint Regulation (Fllesregulativet). CENELEC and
IEC standards apply to areas not governed by Danish legislation.
2.2
Scope
A wind power plant connected to the public electricity supply network must
throughout its lifetime comply with the provisions of this regulation.
New wind power plants
This regulation applies to all wind power plants with a rated power greater than
11 kW connected to the public electricity supply network and commissioned on
1 December 2010 or later.
Existing wind power plants
A wind power plant with a rated power greater than 11 kW which were
connected to the public electricity supply network before 1 December 2010
must comply with the regulation in force at the time of commissioning.
Changes to existing wind power plants
Existing wind power plants to which substantial functional modifications are
made must comply with the provisions of this regulation relating to such
changes. In case of doubt, the transmission system operator decides whether a
modification is substantial.
A substantial modification is one that changes the properties of the wind power
plant, involving the replacement of one or several plant parts. The
documentation described in chapter 9 must be updated and forwarded in a
version showing any modifications made.
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2.3
Delimitation
Technical Regulation 3.2.5 is part of the complete set of technical regulations

issued by the transmission system operator, Energinet.dk. The technical
regulations comprise technical rules for plant owners, wind turbine generator
system operators and electricity supply undertakings regarding the connection
to and the operation of the public electricity supply network.
Together with the market regulations, the technical regulations, including the
system operation regulations, constitute the set of rules to be complied with by
plant owners, wind turbine generator system operators and electricity supply
undertakings.
-
Regulation D1 'Settlement metering'

Regulation D2 'Technical requirements for electricity metering'
Regulation E 'Settlement of environmentally friendly electricity generation'
Regulation E (appendix) 'Retningslinjer for nettoafregning af
egenproducenter' (Guidelines for net settlement of autogenerators)
Technical regulation TF 5.8.1 'Metering regulation for system operation
purposes' (Mleforskrift til systemdriftsforml)
Technical regulation TF 3.2.5 'Wind power plants with a power output
greater than 11 kW'
In addition, special rules apply to the granting of compensation in connection

with downward regulation:
-
Regulation E (appendix) 'Compensation for offshore wind farms ordered to

perform downward regulation'
The current version is always the versions found at www.energinet.dk.

Operational issues must be agreed between plant owner and electricity supply
undertaking. Any supply of ancillary services must be agreed between plant
owner and the BRP for production.
This regulation does not deal with the financial aspects of using control
functionalities, settlement metering or any technical requirements in this
connection.
The plant owner is responsible for safeguarding the wind power plant against
possible damaging impacts due to a lack of electricity supply from the public
electricity supply network for shorter or longer periods of time.
2.4
Statutory authority
The regulation has been issued under the authority of Section 26(1) of the
Danish Electricity Supply (Consolidation) Act no. 516 of 20 May 2010 in
pursuance of Section 7(1), paras 1, 3 and 4, of the Danish (Consolidation) Act
no. 1463 of 19 December 2005 on transmission system operation and the use
of the electricity transmission grid etc.
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2.5
Commencement
This regulation comes into force on 1 December 2010 and supersedes:

-
2004-2010: Technical regulation TF 3.2.6 'Wind turbine generator systems

connected to grids with voltages lower than 100 kV'
2004-2010: Technical regulation TF 3.2.6 'Wind turbine generator systems
connected to grids with voltages higher than 100 kV'
Questions and requests for additional information can be directed to

Energinet.dk, Front Office Electricity, fo@energinet.dk.
The regulation was notified to the Danish Energy Regulatory Authority on 30
September 2010 in accordance with the provisions of Section 76 of the Danish
Electricity Supply Act and Section 7 of the Danish Act on transmission system
operation and the use of the electricity transmission grid etc.
As regards wind power plants, the construction of which was ordered finally in a
binding written order before the regulation was notified to the Danish Energy
Regulatory Authority but which are planned to be commissioned after the
regulation comes into force, exemptions can be applied for in accordance with
chapter 2.9, enclosing any relevant documentation.
2.6
Complaints
Any complaints in respect of this regulation must be lodged with the Danish
Energy Regulatory Authority, Nyropsgade 30, DK-1780 Copenhagen V.
Complaints of the transmission system operator's enforcement of the provisions
of the regulation can also be lodged with the Danish Energy Regulatory
Authority.
Complaints about how the individual electricity supply undertaking enforces the
provisions of the regulation can be lodged with the transmission system
operator. Complaints about how the individual electricity supply undertaking's
enforcement of the provisions of the regulation can be lodged with the
transmission system operator. A complaint lodged in respect of an electricity
supply undertaking will always oblige the transmission system operator to ask
for the electricity supply undertaking's comments on the complaint.
2.7
Non-compliance
It is the responsibility of the plant owner to ensure that the provisions of this
Regulation are complied with throughout the useful life of the wind power plant.
The wind power plant must be subjected to regular maintenance checks to
ensure that the provisions of this regulation are complied with.
Expenses incurred in complying with the provisions of this Regulation must be
paid by the plant owner.
2.8
Sanctions
If a wind power plant does not comply with the provisions of chapters 3-8 of
this regulation, the electricity supply undertaking is entitled as a last resort to
cut off the electrical connection to the wind power plant until the provisions are
complied with.
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2.9
Exemptions and unforeseen events
The transmission system operator may grant exemption from specific

requirements in this regulation.
An exemption can only be granted if:
-
special conditions prevail, for instance of local character

the deviation does not cause appreciable deterioration of the technical
quality and balance of the public electricity supply network
the deviation is not inappropriate from a socioeconomic viewpoint.
In order to obtain exemption, a written application must be submitted to the

electricity supply undertaking, indicating which provisions the exemption
concerns and the reason for the exemption. The electricity supply undertaking
has the right to comment on the application before it is submitted to the
transmission system operator.
If events not foreseen in this regulation occur, the transmission system
operator must consult the parties involved with a view to deciding what to do. If
an agreement cannot be reached, the transmission system operator must
decide what is to be done. The decision is made on what is equitable, taking
where possible the views of the parties involved into consideration. Complaints
of the decisions of the transmission system operator can be lodged with the
Danish Energy Regulatory Authority, see chapter 2.6.
2.10
References
The standards listed are only to be used in relation to the topics mentioned in
connection with the references in this regulation.
2.10.1 Normative references:

1. EN 50160:2009: DS/EN 50160 'Voltage characteristics of electricity
supplied by public distribution networks'.
2. IEC 60038: IEC standard voltages.
3. Fllesregulativet 2009 'Tilslutning af elektriske installationer og
brugsgenstande'.
4. Strkstrmsbekendtgrelsen afsnit 6 'Elektriske installationer', 2003.
5. Strkstrmsbekendtgrelsen afsnit 2 'Udfrelse af elforsyningsanlg',
2003.
6. DS/EN 60204-1: Strkstrmsbekendtgrelsen Maskinsikkerhed-Elektrisk
materiel p maskiner.
7. DS/EN 60204-11: Maskinsikkerhed-Elektrisk materiel p maskiner-Del 11:
8.
9.
10.
11.
Bestemmelser for HV-maskinel for spndinger over 1000 V a.c. eller 1500
V d.c. og ikke overstiger 36 kV.
IEC-60870-5-101: Telecontrol equipment and systems, part 5-101.
IEC-60870-5-104: Telecontrol equipment and systems, part 5-104.
IEC TR 61000-3-6: EMC limits. Limitation of emissions of harmonic
currents for equipment connected to medium and high voltage power supply
systems (February 2008).
IEC TR 61000-3-7: EMC-limits. Limitation of voltage fluctuations and
flicker for equipment connected to medium and high voltage power supply
systems (February 2008).
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12. IEC 61400-1 - Wind Turbines - Part 1: Design requirements.

13. IEC 61400-2 - Wind turbines - Part 2: Design requirements for small wind
turbines.
14. IEC 61000-4-15: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 15:
Flicker metreFunctional and design specifications.
15. IEC 61400-12: Windturbine generator systems. Power performance
measurement techniques.
16. IEC 61400-21: Measurement and assessment of power quality
characteristics of grid connected wind turbines.
17. IEC 61400-25-1: Communications for monitoring and control of wind
power plants - over all description of principles and models.
power plants - information models.
power plants - information exchange services.
power plants - mapping to communication protocol stacks.
21. BEK nr. 651 af 26. juni 2008: Bekendtgrelse om teknisk godkendelse
for konstruktion, fremstilling, opstilling, vedligeholdelse og service af
vindmller.
22. Technical Regulation TF 5.8.1 'Mleforskrift til systemdriftsforml'
(Metering regulation for system operation purposes) dated: 25 March 2008,
version 1, document no. 9300-08.
23. Regulation D1 'Settlement metering', dated: December 2008, version 2,
document no. 165903-07.
24. Regulation D2 'Technical requirements for electricity metering', dateret:
May 2007, version 1, document no. 263352-06.
25. Regulation E 'Settlement of environmentally friendly electricity
generation', 2009, July 2009, rev. 1, document no. 255855-06.
26. Regulation E - Appendix 'Retningslinjer for nettoafregning af
egenproduktion" (Guidelines for net settlement of own production), ver. 1 of
1 July 2010, document no. 27582-10
27. Regulation E - Appendix 'Compensation for offshore wind warms ordred
to perform downward regulation', ver. 1 of 15 May 2009, document no.
15468-09.
2.10.2 Informative references:

28. IEC 60050-415: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 415:
Wind turbine generator systems.
29. IEC 60044-1. Instrument transformers Part 1: Current transformers.
30. IEC 60044-2. Instrument transformers Part 2: Inductive voltage
transformers.
31. DEFU-rapport RA-557 "Maksimal emission af spndingsforstyrrelser fra
vindkraftvrker strre end 11 kW".
32. DEFU-rekommandation nr. 16: Spndingskvalitet i lavspndingsnet, 2.
udgave, juni 2001.
33. DEFU-rekommandation nr. 21: Spndingskvalitet i
mellemspndingsnet, februar 1995.
34. IEC 62053-21: Electricity metering equipment (ac) Particular
requirements. Part 21: Static meters for active energy.
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35. IEC 60071-1: Insulation co-ordination Part 1: Definitions, principles and

rules.
36. IEC 61000-3-12: Limits-Limits for harmonic currents produced by
equipment connected to public low-voltage systems with input current > 16
A and 75 A per phase.
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Tolerance of frequency and voltage deviations
3.
A wind power plant must be able to withstand frequency and voltage deviations
in the point of connection under normal and abnormal operating conditions
while reducing the active power as little as possible.
Normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions are described in
chapter 3.2 and chapter 3.3, respectively.
3.1
Determination of voltage level
The electricity supply undertaking determines the voltage level for the wind
power plant within the voltage limits stated in Table 1.
The typical operating voltage differs from location to location, and the electricity
supply undertaking must therefore state the typical operating voltage, U, for
The typical operating voltage forms the basis for determining the normal
voltage area U10%. The electricity supply undertaking must ensure that the
maximum voltage stated in Table 1 is not exceeded.
If the normal voltage area U is 10% lower than the minimum voltage
indicated in Table 1, the requirements for production in the event of
frequency/voltage variations must be adjusted so as not to overload the wind
power plant.
Typical
designation
Extra high voltage

(EH)
High voltage
(HV)
Medium voltage
(MV)
Low voltage
(LV)
Table 1
Nominal
voltage
Un
[kV]
400
Minimum
voltage
Umin
[kV]
320
Maximum
voltage
Umax
[kV]
420
220
245
150
135
170
132
119
145
60
54.0
72.5
50
45.0
60.0
33
30.0
36.0
30
27.0
36.0
20
18.0
24.0
15
13.5
17.5
12.0
10
9.00
0.69
0.62
0.76
0.40
0.36
0.44
Nominal, minimum and maximum voltage
Maximum (Umax) and minimal (Umin) voltage limits are determined using the
standards EN50160 (10-minute average values) [ref. 1] and IEC60038, table
III, note 2 [ref. 2].
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The wind power plant must be able to briefly withstand voltages exceeding the
maximum voltages within the required protective functions specified in chapter
6.
3.2
Normal operating conditions
It must be possible to continuously start and operate a wind power plant within
the area designated 'normal production' within the design requirements,
restricted only by the settings for over- and undervoltage protection as
described in chapter 6.
In the 'normal production' area, the typical operating voltage is U10%, see
chapter 3.1, while the frequency area is 49.50 to 50.20 Hz.
Automatic connection of a wind power plant can at the earliest take place three
minutes after the voltage has come to lie within the typical operating voltage
and the frequency lies within 47.00 and 50.20 Hz. The setting of the frequency
limits is determined by the electricity supply undertaking upon commissioning.
The requirement for variable frequency limits must be implemented not later
than 18 months after the commencement date of this technical regulation.
The requirements outlined in the following section are to be considered
minimum requirements.
3.2.1 Wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 25 kW
NORMAL
PRODUCTION
The overall requirements for active power production which a wind power plant
must comply with in the case of frequency and voltage deviations are illustrated
in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Active power production requirements at frequency/voltage variations

for wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 25 kW
There is no requirement for active power production outside of the normal

production area.
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The wind power plant must remain connected to the public electricity supply
network in accordance with the required settings for protective functions, as
specified in chapter 6.
3.2.2 Wind power plants with a power output range of 25 kW to 1.5 MW

The overall requirements for active power production which a wind power plant
must comply with in case of frequency and voltage deviations are illustrated in
Figure 4.
U
point of connection
Umax
U +10%
U -5%
NORMAL
PRODUCTION
90 100 % of
normal production for minimum
5 hours
U +5%
90 100 % of
30 minutes
80 100 % of
20 seconds
85 100 % of
3 minutes
No req. for production
60 -100 % of
normal production for
minimum
15 minutes
No req.
for produktion
U -10%
Umin
47.00
Figure 4
47.50
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
50.20
51.00
51.50
52.00
52.50
Frequency [Hz]
Active power production requirements at frequency/voltage variations

for wind power plants with a power output range of 25 kW to 1.5 MW
The wind power plant must remain connected to the public electricity supply
network in accordance with the required settings for protective functions, as
specified in chapter 6.
3.2.3 Wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW
In addition to complying with the requirements in chapter 3.2.2, the wind
power plant must remain connected to the public electricity supply network in
case of abnormal operating conditions, as specified in chapter 3.3.
3.3
Abnormal operating conditions
The following requirements apply to wind power plants with a power output
greater than 1.5 MW.
The wind power plant must be designed to withstand sudden phase jumps of up
to 20 in the point of connection without disconnecting or reducing its output.
The wind power plant must after a settling period supply normal production not
later than 5 s after the operating conditions in the point of connection have
reverted to the normal production area.
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The wind power plant must be designed to withstand voltage drops, as shown in
Figure 5 and supply reactive power as shown in Figure 6 without
disconnecting or reducing its output. The wind power plant must after a settling
period supply normal production not later than 5 s after the operating
conditions in the point of connection have reverted to the normal production
area.
Irrespective of the requirements outlined in the following chapters, the
protective settings must be as specified in chapter 6.
Documentation to the effect that the wind power plant complies with the
specified requirements must be as specified in chapter 8.
3.3.1
Tolerance of voltage drops
In the point of connection a wind power plant must be able to withstand voltage
drops down to 20% of the voltage in the point of connection over a period of
minimum 0.5 s (line-to-line voltages for the 50 Hz component) without
disconnecting, as shown in Figure 5.
It is allowed to use the voltage measurement for the individual wind turbine
generator system to perform regulation during voltage drops.
Figure 5
Requirements for tolerance of voltage drops for wind power

plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW
The following requirements must be complied with in the event of symmetrical

as well as asymmetrical faults, ie the requirements apply in case of faults in
one, two or three phases:
-
Area A: The wind power plant must stay connected to the network and
uphold normal production.
Area B: The wind power plant must stay connected to the network. The
wind power plant must provide maximum voltage support by supplying a
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controlled amount of reactive power so as to ensure that the wind power

plant helps to stabilise the voltage within the design framework offered by
the current technology, see Figure 6.
Area C: Disconnecting the wind power plant is allowed.
If the voltage U reverts to area A during a fault sequence, subsequent voltage

drops will be regarded as a new fault situation, see chapter 3.3.2. If several
successive fault sequences occur within area B and evolve into area C,
disconnection is allowed.
In connection with fault sequences in area B, the wind power plant must have a
control function capable of controlling the reactive power, as specified in Figure
6.
Figure 6
Requirement for reactive power supply, IQ, during voltage drops

for wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW
Control must follow Figure 6 so that the reactive power follows the control
characteristic with a tolerance of 20% after 100 ms.
The supply of reactive power has first priority in area B, while the supply of
active power has second priority.
If possible, active power must be maintained during voltage drops, but a
reduction in active power within the wind power plant's design specifications is
acceptable, however.
The requirement for control as indicated in Figure 6 must be implemented 18
months after the commencement date of this technical regulation at the latest.
3.3.2 Recurring faults in the public electricity supply network

The wind power plant and any compensation equipment must stay connected
after faults have occurred in the public electricity supply network, as specified in
Table 2.
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The requirements apply in the point of connection, but the fault sequence lies at
a random place in the public electricity supply network.
Based on compliance with the requirements for voltage drops as stated in
chapter 3.3.1, the requirements in Table 2 must be verified by documenting
that the wind power plant has been designed to withstand recurring faults with
the specifications stated.
Type
Fault duration
Three-phase short-circuit
Short-circuit for a period of 150 ms
Two-phase short-circuit
with/without earth contact
Short-circuit for a period of 150 ms

followed by new short-circuit 0.5-3 s
later, also with a duration of 150 ms
Single-phase short-circuit to earth
One-phase earth fault for a period of 150

ms followed by a new one-phase earth
fault 0.5-3 s later, also with a duration of
150 ms.
Table 2
Fault types in the public electricity supply network and their duration
Wind power plant capacity must be sufficient to comply with the requirements
specified in Table 2 if at least two independent faults of the types specified
occur within two minutes.
The energy reserves provided by auxiliary equipment such as emergency supply
equipment, the hydraulic system and the pneumatic system should be sufficient
in order for the wind power plant to operate with at least six independent faults
of the types specified in Table 2 at 5-minute intervals.
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Electricity quality
4.
4.1
Electricity quality
General requirements
When a wind power plant's impact on the electricity quality is assessed,

emissions relating to the following disturbances in the point of connection must
be documented:
-
voltage fluctuations:
o
o
rapid voltage changes

flicker
high-frequency currents and voltages:

o
o
o
harmonics
inter-harmonics
disturbances greater than 2 kHz.
Each type of disturbance is specified in the following:

-
data basis for calculations

emission limit values
methods for verifying compliance with limit values.
Terminology and calculation methods must in general be in conformity with:

-
IEC TR 61000-3-6: EMC limits. Limitation of emissions of harmonic currents

for equipment connected to medium and high voltage power supply
systems. (February 2008) [ref. 10].
IEC TR 61000-3-7: EMC-limits. Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker
for equipment connected to medium and high voltage power supply
systems. (February 2008) [ref. 11].
IEC 61400-21: Measurement and assessment of power quality
characteristics of grid connected wind turbines [ref. 16].
The electricity supply undertaking is responsible for calculating emission limit

values and documenting that the limit values for electricity quality in the point
of connection are not exceeded. The electricity supply undertaking must agree
on a time schedule for determining emission limit values with parties applying
for grid connection. If the construction of a wind power plant has been put up
for tender, the emission limit values must appear from the tender material.
The plant owner must ensure that the wind power plant is designed,
constructed and configured in such a way that the specified emission limit
values are observed without grid reinforcements being required in excess of
what is necessary in order to transfer the energy produced.
4.1.1 Data basis

Data for the wind power plant as well as the public electricity supply network
will be used in assessing a wind power plant's impact on the electricity quality.
The plant owner must provide data for the wind power plant while the electricity
supply undertaking must provide data for the public electricity supply network
in the point of connection.
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Electricity quality
The plant owner must subject each of the type of wind turbine generator
system making up the wind power plant to type tests performed in accordance
with IEC 61400-21. As a supplement to the type test, the plant owner may
provide an emission model for the wind turbine generator systems for the
purpose of determining high-frequency currents. The result of the type tests
can be seen from the type approvals. In general, the rated value of the
apparent power Sn,i for each wind turbine generator system will be used in
combination with specific data for the individual types of disturbances.
For wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW consisting of
more than one wind turbine generator system, the plant owner must also
provide a model for the power infrastructure for the purpose of determining
high-frequency voltages.
The electricity supply undertaking must provide data for the public electricity
supply network in the point of connection. For the calculation of voltage
fluctuations, see IEC 61400-21, the public electricity supply network can be
defined by the minimum short-circuit power Sk and the similar grid impedance
angle k, in the point of connection.
Where the connection of wind power plants with a power output greater than
1.5 MW is concerned, the electricity supply undertaking must also provide data
for the frequency dependency of the impedance in the public electricity supply
network for the purpose of calculating the emission high-frequency voltages in
the relevant frequency range up to 9 kHz.
4.1.2 Limit values

The electricity supply undertaking is responsible for calculating limit values for
the emission of the various types of disturbances coming from the wind power
plant in the point of connection so as to ensure that the limit values for
electricity quality in the public electricity supply network are not exceeded.
The limit values specified in this regulation have been determined on the basis
of the recommendations in IEC 61000-3-6 and IEC 61000-3-7. As regards wind
power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW and a point of
connection far away from the point of common coupling, the electricity supply
undertaking can normally authorise emissions in the point of connection higher
than the limit values applying in the point of common coupling. Appendix 3
includes examples of the calculation of limit values for the wind power plant.
As regards wind power plants with a power output lower than 1.5 MW, specified
limit values for the wind power plant's emission of high-frequency currents in
the point of connection are used. As regards wind power plants with a power
output greater than 1.5 MW, the electricity supply undertaking must calculate
limit values for the wind power plant's emission of high-frequency currents in
4.1.3 Verification
The plant owner is responsible for verifying that the wind power plant observes
the defined emission limit values in the point of connection. The electricity
supply undertaking must approve the verification performed by the plant owner.
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Electricity quality
Such verification must be performed in accordance with the methods specified

in IEC 61400-21 for verifying electricity quality.
Alternatively, the plant owner may use an emission model to verify that
emission limit values for high-frequency disturbances are observed. In such
case, the plant owner must validate the emission model within the frequency
groups in which the model is used to verify each of the types of wind turbine
generator systems that form part of the wind power plant. An emission model
has been validated for a frequency group if it determines current emissions
from the wind turbine generator system so as to ensure that it does not deviate
from the type test by more than 0.4% of the rated current, equivalent to the
tolerance at which high-frequency currents are measured for the individual
frequency groups in accordance with IEC 61400-21.
Verifying that the wind power plant observes limit values for high-frequency
currents is done by means of methods indicated for the individual types of
disturbances for aggregating contributions from the wind turbine generator
systems that form part of the wind power plant. The work of verifying that the
wind power plant observes limit values for high-frequency voltages must be
based on a high-frequency emission model composed by the plant owner's data,
the electricity supply undertaking's data for the public electricity supply
network, and a model for wind turbine generator systems and the power
structure in the point of connection for the frequency range up to 9 kHz.
4.2
Rapid voltage changes
4.2.1 Data basis

The plant owner must use the voltage change factor kU,i(k), which is specified
by the type test, see IEC 61400-21, for each wind turbine generator system I
during switching. The type test specifies kU,i(k) for the short-circuit angle k =
30, 50, 70 and 85 degrees for switching. The type test also specifies the
location of the metering point.
4.2.2 Limit values

The switching of a wind turbine generator system in the wind power plant must
not give rise to rapid voltage changes d (%) exceeding the limit values
indicated in Table 3.
Voltage level (AC)
Table 3
d (%)
Un 35 kV
4%
Un > 35 kV
3%
Limit values for rapid voltage changes d (%)
Excepted are rare voltage changes such as voltage drops as a result of the
energising of the power infrastructure with connected step-up transformers.
4.2.3 Verification
The voltage change factor kU is determined for the public electricity supply
network in the point of connection for all types of wind turbine generator
systems and for all types of switching's through simple interpolation between
the values for k, as specified in the type approval. Therefore kU,i(k) is
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Electricity quality
determined as the largest voltage change factor for the various types of
switching's for of each wind turbine generator system i.
The voltage change di(%) is then determined for each wind turbine generator
system:
d i (%) = 100% ku ,i ( k )
S n ,i
Sk
d(%) is then determined as the highest value of di(%). Finally, it is verified that
the calculated voltage change d(%) is below the limit values specified in Table
3.
4.3
Flicker
4.3.1 Data basis

Flicker emission must be documented for continuous operation as well as for
switching.
Flicker coefficient data cf,i(k,va,i), which is specified in the type test, are used
for continuous operation. The type certification test results for the flicker
coefficient cf,i(k) at network impedance phase angle k = 30, 50, 70 and 85
degrees and at annual average wind speed va = 6,0 m/s; 7,5 m/s; 8,5 m/s and
10,0 m/s average wind speeds. The annual average wind speed va for the wind
power plant is used for the calculation.
The flicker step factor kf,i(k), as specified in the type certification test, is used
for calculating the flicker step factor from switching's. The type certification test
results for the voltage change factor kU,i(k) at network impedance phase angle
k = 30; 50; 70 and 85 degrees at the point of connection In addition, the
maximum number of switching's within a 10-minute period N10m,i (short-term
flicker) and a 120-minute period N120m,i (long-term flicker) is used.
4.3.2 Limit values

In addition to complying with the requirements for rapid voltage changes, the
wind power plant's flicker contribution must comply with the following
requirements in the point of connection. The flicker requirements are collective
requirements that apply to all wind power plants with the same point of
common coupling. Collective requirements for the point of common coupling are
checked by the electricity supply undertaking.
4.3.2.1 Wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 1.5 MW
If the connected rated power is lower than 0.4% of Sk, the wind power plant
can be connected without any further examinations. Otherwise, the limit values
in Table 4 for emissions from the individual wind power plant apply.
Table 4
Voltage level (AC)
Pst
Plt
Un 1 kV
0.35
0.25
Un > 1 kV
0.30
0.20
Limit values for short-term flicker (Pst) and long-term flicker (Plt)
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Electricity quality
4.3.2.2 Wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW
The maximum flicker contribution Plt and Pst from wind power plants connected
at the same voltage level and to the same substation must not exceed the limit
values in Table 5.
Table 5
Voltage level (AC)
Pst
Plt
Un 35 kV
0.50
35 kV < Un 100 kV
0.35
Un > 100 kV
0.30
0.20
Limit values for short-term flicker (Pst) and long-term flicker (Plt)
4.3.3 Verification
It must be verified that flicker emission from continuous operation of the wind
power plant and from switching's is lower than the limit value for the point of
connection.
4.3.3.1 Continuous operation
The flicker coefficient must be determined for the public electricity supply
network in the point of connection and the wind power plant concerned through
simple interpolation between the network impedance phase angle k and annual
average wind speed va values, which are specified in the type certification test
specification.
Flicker emission for each individual wind turbine generator system i is calculated
as:
Pst,i = c i ( k , va ,i )
S n,i
Sk
The emission from the entire wind power plant is then calculated as:
Pst = Plt = 2
(P )
st,i
It must be checked that the calculated values are below the limit values.
4.3.3.2 Switching
The flicker step factor is determined for switching's in the public electricity
supply network at the point of connection through simple interpolation between
the network impedance phase angle k values, which are specified in the type
approval. Then kU,i(k) is determined as the largest flicker step factor for
switching's.
The flicker emission is then determined for each of the wind turbine generator
systems i that form part of the wind power plant by using the flicker step factor
kf(k):
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Electricity quality
Pst ,i = 18 N100,31
min, i k f , i ( k )
0 , 31
Plt ,i = 8 N120
min,i k f , i ( k )
Sn ,i
Sk
S n ,i
Sk
The emission from the wind power plant is then calculated as:
Pst = 3
(P )
st,i
Plt = 3
(P )
lt,i
It must be checked that the calculated values are below the limit values.
4.4
Harmonics
4.4.1 Data basis

The type certification tests specifies measured mean values from the 2nd to the
50th harmonic for 11 levels of generated power from 0% to 100% of the rated
power Pn,i. The measured mean values are stated as a percentage of the rated
current.
4.4.2 Limit values

The wind power plant is not allowed to emit harmonics exceeding the limit
values specified in this chapter.
In addition to limit values for individual harmonics, limit values for Total
Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Partially Weighted Harmonic Distortion (PWHD)
are used. For current harmonic Ih THDI and PWHDI are defined as:
THDI =
h = 40
I h2
and
h=2
h = 40
h I
PWHDI =
h =14
2
h
Similar equations apply to THDU and PWHDU of voltage harmonic Uh.

4.4.2.1 Wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 25 kW
The limit values for harmonic current emissions for different orders h can be
seen from Table 6.
Voltage level
(AC)
Odd-order harmonics h
(no multiple of 3)
Even-order harmonics h
(no multiple of 3)
11
13
17h49
8h50
Un 1 kV
4.8
3.3
1.3
0.9
Un > 1 kV
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
400 *)
h2
0.8
0.2
0.1
*) Not lower than 0.1%, however.

Table 6
Limit values for harmonic current Ih/In (%)
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Electricity quality
The limit values for total harmonic current distortion can be seen in Table 7.
Voltage level
(AC)
THDI
PWHDI
Un 1 kV
6.0
10.5
Un > 1 kV
Table 7
Limit values for total harmonic current distortion (%)

The limit values for harmonic current emissions for different orders h can be
seen in Table 8.
Voltage level
(AC)
Odd-order harmonics h
(no multiple of 3)
(no multiple of 3)
11
13
17h49
8h50
Un 1 kV
3.6
2.5
1.0
0.7
Un > 1 kV
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
400
*
h2
0.8
0.2
0.1

Table 8
Limit values for harmonic currents Ih/In (%)
The limit values for total harmonic current distortion can be seen in Table 9.
Voltage level
(AC)
THDI
PWHDI
Un 1 kV
4.5
7.9
Un > 1 kV
Table 9
Limit values for total harmonic current distortion (%)
The electricity supply undertaking determines emission limits for harmonic
voltage in the point of connection. The emission limits aim to ensure that the
electricity supply undertaking's design limits for the individual harmonic
voltages and THDU are not exceeded in the point of connection.
An example of design limits for harmonic voltage from IEC TR 61000-3-6 is
shown below. Table 10 shows limits for odd-order harmonics, Table 11 the
limits for even-order harmonics and Table 12 the total harmonic voltage
distortion.
Odd-order harmonics h (no multiple of 3)
Voltage level
(AC)
5
7
11
13
17h49
3
9
15
Un 35 kV
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
Un > 35 kV
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1,9
17
0 ,2
h
1,2
17
h
*)
*)
4.0
1.2
0.3
0.2
2.0
1.0
0.3
0.2

Table 10 Limit values for harmonic voltage Uh/Un (%) for odd-order harmonics
h.
21h45
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Electricity quality
Voltage level
(AC)
Un 35 kV
1.8
1.0
0.5
0.5
0,25
10
+ 0 ,22
h
Un > 35 kV
1.4
0.8
0.4
0.4
0,19
10
+ 0,16
h
Table 11
Limit values for harmonic voltage Uh/Un (%) for even-order

harmonics h.
Voltage level
(AC)
THDU
Un 35 kV
6.5
Un > 35 kV
3.0
Table 12
10h50
Limit values for total harmonic voltage distortion THDU (% of Un) for
even-order harmonics h.
The emission limits for the wind power plant will typically be lower than the
design limits as the electricity supply undertaking must take emissions from
other plants in the public electricity supply network into account.
Emission limits for wind power plants that are electrically connected without
interfering consumption can be modified to values higher than the standard
design limits.
4.4.3 Verification
It must be verified that the limit values are observed at all levels of generated
power. Therefore the value from the level of generated power at which the
individual harmonic current is the greatest is used to verify observance of the
limit values for individual harmonic currents h.
Similarly, values from the level of generated power that collectively yields the
highest THD and PWHD values, respectively, are used to verify observance of
the THD and PWHD limit values.
As regards wind power plants consisting of several wind turbine generator
systems, contributions from the individual wind turbine generator systems must
be added up in accordance with the general summation law in IEC 61000-3-6
and IEC 61400-21:
Ih =
h ,i
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Electricity quality
Values for the exponent alpha are shown in Table 13.

Harmonic order
(alpha)
h<5
5 h 10
1.4
h > 10
Table 13
Values for exponent
The high-frequency emission model for the public electricity supply network is
used to verify limit values for harmonic voltage in the point of connection. Input
to this emission model can either be the measured and aggregated values for
harmonic current emissions in accordance with the above, or values provided by
a validated emission model.
4.5
Interharmonics
4.5.1 Data basis

The type test specifies measured mean values for interharmonics from 75 Hz to
1975 Hz for 11 levels of generated power from 0% to 100% of the rated power
Pn,i. The measured mean values are stated as a percentage of the rated power.
4.5.2 Limit values

The wind power plant is not allowed to emit interharmonics exceeding the limit
values specified in this chapter.
4.5.2.1 Wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 25 kW
The limit values for the emission of interharmonic currents can be seen in Table
14.
Frequency (Hz)
Voltage level
(AC)
75 Hz
125 Hz
Un 1kV
0.53
0.80
Un > 1kV
0.44
0.66
>175 Hz
100
*)
f
83
*)
f

Table 14
Limit values for interharmonic current emissions
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Electricity quality

The limit values for the emission of interharmonic currents can be seen in Table
15.
Frequency (Hz)
Voltage level
(AC)
75 Hz
125 Hz
Un 1kV
0.40
0.60
Un > 1kV
0.44
0.66
>175 Hz
75
*)
f
83
*)
f

Table 15
Limit values for interharmonic current emissions
The electricity supply undertaking determines emission limits for interharmonic
voltages from the wind power plant in the point of connection. The emission
limits aim to ensure that the electricity supply undertaking's design limits for
the individual interharmonic voltages are not exceeded in the point of
connection.
Standard design limits for interharmonic voltages are shown in Table 16.
Frequency (Hz)
Maximum interharmonic voltage (%)
f < 100 Hz
0.2%
100 Hz < f < 2.000 Hz
0.5%
Table 16
Standard design limits for interharmonic voltages
The emission limits for the wind power plant will typically be lower than the
design limits as the electricity supply undertaking must take account of
emissions from other plants in the public electricity supply network.
Emission limits for wind power plants electrically connected without interfering
consumption can be modified to values higher than the standard design limits.
4.5.3 Verification
It must be verified that the wind power plant complies with the limit values for
interharmonic current emissions in the same way as it does where harmonic
current emissions are concerned. The exponent =2 must be used, however.
interharmonic voltage emissions in the same way as it does where harmonic
currents are concerned. The exponent can be seen in Table 13.
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4.6
Disturbances greater than 2 kHz
4.6.1 Data basis

The type test specifies measured mean values for frequency components of the
current in groups of 200 Hz width from 2.1 kHz to 8.9 kHz for 11 levels of
generated power from 0% to 100% of the rated power Pn,i. The measured mean
values are stated as a percentage of the rated current.
4.6.2 Limit values

The emission of currents with frequencies higher than 2 kHz must not exceed
0.2% of the rated current in any of the frequency groups measured.
The electricity supply undertaking determines emission limits for voltages from
the wind power plant in the point of connection. The emission limits aim to
ensure that the electricity supply undertaking's design limits for the individual
frequency groups are not exceeded in the point of connection.
1% is used as a design limit for each frequency group.
4.6.3 Verification
the emission of frequencies higher than 2 kHz in the same way as it does where
interharmonic emissions are concerned.
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Control and monitoring
5.
5.1

General requirements
All control functions mentioned in the following chapters refer to the point of
connection. It must be possible to activate/deactivate all the control functions
and set them using external signals, as described in chapter 7 and the
associated Appendix 4. The current settings must be agreed with the
electricity supply undertaking before the wind power plant can be connected to
the public electricity supply network.
The signs used in all figures follow the generator convention. The required
active (MW) and reactive (Mvar) power will be reduced on a pro-rata basis in
relation to the number of wind turbine generator systems in operation in the
wind power plant.
After a wind power plant has been disconnected due to a fault in the public
electricity supply network, the wind power plant must at the earliest be
automatically connected three minutes after the voltage and the frequency have
once again come to lie within the limits stated in chapter 3.1 and chapter 3.2.
A wind power plant which has been disconnected by an external signal prior to a
fault occurring in the public electricity supply network must not be connected
until the external signal has been eliminated, and the voltage and the frequency
have once again come to lie within the limits stated in chapter 3.1 and
chapter 3.2.
Wind power plants with an output greater than 1.5 MW must be equipped with
the control functions specified in Table 17. The purpose of the various control
functions is to ensure overall control and monitoring of the wind power plant's
generation. The various control functions can be implemented in the individual
wind turbine generator system or be gathered in a wind power plant controller,
provided there is only one communication interface, as illustrated on Figure 7.
Figure 7
Drawing of a wind power plant controller
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All setpoint changes must be registered together with an identification of the

operator.
All setpoint changes or orders for production changes must refer to UTC and be
time stamped with accuracy and a precision of maximum 10 ms. The UTC
correction is +1 hour for winter time and +2 hours for summer time.
5.2
Active power control functions
A wind power plant must be equipped with active power control functions
capable of controlling the active power supplied by a wind power plant in the
point of connection using orders containing setpoints and gradients.
The current parameter settings for active power control functions are
determined by the electricity supply undertaking in collaboration with the
transmission system operator before commissioning.
In addition to the general requirements in chapter 5.1, the active power
control functions must comply with the requirements outlined in the following
chapters.
5.2.1
Frequency control
The control requirement as indicated in Figure 8 must be implemented not

later than 18 months after the commencement date of this technical regulation.
In case of frequency deviations in the public electricity supply network, the wind
power plant must be able to provide frequency control in order to stabilise the
grid frequency (50.00 Hz). The metering accuracy for the grid frequency must
be 10 mHz or better.
It must be possible to set the frequency control function for all frequency points
shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9. It must be possible to set the frequencies fmin,
fmax, as well as f1 to f7 to any value in the range of 50.00 Hz 3.00 Hz with an
accuracy of 10 mHz.
The purpose of frequency points f1 to f4 is to form a dead band and a control
band for primary control. The purpose of frequency points f5 to f7 is to supply
critical power/frequency control. The droop required to perform control between
the various frequency points is shown in Figure 8, Figure 9 and the signal list
in Appendix 4. In this context, droop is the change in active power (p.u.)
caused by a change in frequency (p.u.).
If the active power for the wind power plant is regulated downward below Pmin,
the shutting-down of individual wind turbine generator systems is allowed.
In case of grid frequencies above f5 upward regulation cannot be commenced
until the grid frequency is lower than f7.
PDelta is the setpoint to which the available active power has been reduced in
order to provide frequency stabilisation (upward regulation) in the case of
falling grid frequency. Two different PDelta values with the same droop (droops 1,
2, 3 and 4) are shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
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The purpose of the frequency control function is to reduce active power if grid
frequencies exceed f3, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Figure 8
Frequency control for wind power plants with a power output higher than
25 MW, as shown in connection with a minor downward regulation PDelta
Active power
Dead band
Pavailable
Droop 1
fmax
PDelta
Droop 2
Droop 3
fmin
f7
Pmin
0
47.00
48.00
49.00
f1
Figure 9
50.00
f2
51.00
f3 f4
52.00
Frequency
[Hz]
Frequency control for wind power plants with a power output higher than
25 MW, as shown in connection with a major downward regulation PDelta
It must be possible to activate the frequency control function in the interval

from fmin to fmax.
If the frequency control setpoint is to be changed, such change must be
commenced within two seconds and completed not later than 10 seconds after
receipt of an order to change the setpoint. The accuracy of the control
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performed and of the setpoint must not deviate by more than 2% of the
setpoint value or by 0.5% of the rated power, depending on which yields the
highest tolerance.
5.2.2
Constraint functions
A wind power plant must be equipped with constraint functions, ie

supplementary active power control functions. The constraint functions are used
to avoid imbalances in or overloading of the public electricity supply network in
connection with the reconfiguration of the public electricity supply network in
fault situations or the like.
The required constraint functions are described below.
5.2.2.1 Absolute production constraint
An absolute production constraint is used to constrain the active power from a
wind power plant to a predefined power limit in the point of connection. An
absolute production constraint is typically used to protect the public electricity
supply network against overloading.
If the frequency control setpoint for the absolute production constraint is to be
changed, such change must be commenced within two seconds and completed
not later than 30 seconds after receipt of an order to change the setpoint. The
accuracy of the control performed and of the setpoint must not deviate by more
than 2% of the setpoint value or by 0.5% of the rated power, depending on
which yields the highest tolerance.
5.2.2.2 Delta production constraint (spinning reserve)
A delta production constraint is used to constrain the active power from a wind
power plant to a required constant value in proportion to the possible active
power. A delta production constraint is typically used to establish a control
reserve for control purposes in connection with frequency control.
If the setpoint for a delta production constraint is to be changed, such change
must be commenced within two seconds and completed not later than 30
seconds after receipt of an order to change the setpoint. The accuracy of the
control performed and of the setpoint must not deviate by more than 2% of
the setpoint value or by 0.5% of the rated power, depending on which yields
the highest tolerance.
5.2.2.3 Power gradient constraint
A power gradient constraint is used to limit the maximum speed by which the
reactive power can be changed in the event of changes in wind speed or the
setpoints for a wind power plant. A power gradient constraint is typically used
for reasons of system operation to prevent changes in active power from
impacting the stability of the public electricity supply network.
If a setpoint for the power gradient constraint is to be changed, such change
must be commenced within two seconds and completed not later than 30
seconds after receipt of an order to change the setpoint. The accuracy of the
control performed and of the setpoint must not deviate by more than 2% of
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the setpoint value or by 0.5% of the rated power, depending on which yields
the highest tolerance.
In, the active power constraint functions are illustrated on Figure 10.
Activation of active power

production constraint
Active power
Deactivation of absolut
Possible active power
Activation of delta
Spinning
reserve
Activation of gradient
Activation of delta and

deactivation
gradient production constraint
Time
Figure 10 Drawing of active power constraint functions

5.3
Reactive power and voltage control functions
A wind power plant must be equipped with reactive power control functions
capable of controlling the reactive power supplied by a wind power plant in the
point of connection as well as a voltage control function capable of controlling
the voltage in the point of connection via orders using setpoints and gradients.
The reactive power and voltage control functions are mutually exclusive, which
means that only one of the three functions can be activated at a time.
The current parameter settings for reactive power control and voltage functions
must be determined before commissioning by the electricity supply undertaking
in collaboration with the transmission system operator.
In addition to complying with the general requirements in chapter 5.1, the
reactive power and voltage control functions must comply with the
requirements laid down in the following chapters.
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5.3.1
Q control
Q control is a control function controlling the reactive power independently of

the active power in the point of connection. This control function is illustrated
on Figure 11 as a vertical line.
If the Q control setpoint is to be changed, such change must be commenced
within two seconds and completed not later than 30 seconds after receipt of an
order to change the setpoint. The accuracy of the control performed and of the
setpoint must not deviate by more than 2% of the setpoint value or by 0.5%
of the rated power, depending on which yields the highest tolerance.
The wind power plant must be able to receive a Q setpoint with an accuracy of
1 kvar.
5.3.2
Power factor control
Power factor control is a control function controlling the reactive power

proportionally to the active power in the point of connection, which is illustrated
on Figure 11 by a line with a constant gradient. The gradient of the line is
known as the power factor.
The wind power plant must be able to receive a power factor setpoint with an
accuracy of 0.001 kvar.
Figure 11 Reactive power control functions for a wind power plant

If the power factor setpoint is to be changed, such change must be commenced
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5.3.3
Voltage control
Voltage control is a control function controlling the voltage in the voltage

reference point. Voltage control must have a setting range within minimum to
maximum voltage, as indicated in Table 1, with an accuracy of 0.1 kV.
If the voltage setpoint is to be changed, such change must be commenced
The wind power plant must be able to receive a setpoint with an accuracy of 0.1
kV.
It must be possible to set the droop in such a way that each individual voltage
controller is able to perform control autonomously. The individual wind power
plant must be able to perform the control within its dynamic range and voltage
limit with the droop configured. In this context, droop is the voltage change
(p.u.) caused by a change in reactive power (p.u.).
A drawing of such a control system is shown in Figure 12. The voltage control
reference point is the voltage reference point.
When the voltage control has reached the wind power plant's dynamic design
limits, the control function must await possible overall control from the tap
changer or other voltage control functions.
Overall voltage coordination is handled by the electricity supply undertaking in
collaboration with the transmission system operator.
Figure 12 Voltage control for a wind power plant
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5.4
System protection
A wind power plant must be equipped with system protection, which is a control
function capable of automatically downward regulating the active power from a
wind power plant to one or several predefined setpoints. The setpoints are
determined by the electricity supply undertaking upon commissioning.
It must be possible to set up at least five different setpoints for the wind power
plant.
If the system protection setpoint is to be changed, such change must be
commenced within one second and completed not later than 10 seconds after
receipt of an order to change the setpoint. The accuracy of the control
performed and of the setpoint must not deviate by more than 2% of the
setpoint value or by 0.5% of the rated power, depending on which yields the
highest tolerance.
5.5
Order of priority for control functions
The individual control functions of a wind power plant must be ranked in order
of priority vis--vis each other. A priority 1 control function takes precedence
over a priority 2 control function etc. The order of priority recommended is as
follows:
1.
2.
3.
System protection
Frequency control
Constraint functions
It must be possible to arrange control functions in order of priority by means of

orders.
5.6
Overview of control functions for wind power stations
Wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW must be equipped
with the control functions specified in Table 17. The table shows the minimum
requirements divided on the basis of the total rated power in the point of
connection.
The specifications and regulation functions specified must comply with the
international standard IEC 61400-25-2 [ref. 17].
1.5 MW < P < 25 MW
P > 25 MW
Frequency control (5.2.1) *
Absolute production constraint (5.2.2.1)
Delta production constraint (5.2.2.2)
Power gradient constraint (5.2.2.3)
System protection (5.4)
Q control (5.3.1)
Power factor control (5.3.2)
Voltage control (5.3.3) *
Control function
Table 17
Control functions for a wind power plant
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*) A wind power plant must not perform frequency control or voltage control
without having entered into a specific agreement to this effect with the
electricity supply undertaking.
5.7
Active power control requirements

In addition to complying with the general requirements in chapter 5.1 and the
requirements for normal production in chapter 3.2, the wind power plant must
be prepared for receiving an external stop signal. The external signal is
expected to be a pulse signal.
The requirement is regarded as having been complied with if the normal stop
circuit can be controlled by the external stop signal via a terminal strip.

In addition to complying with the general requirements in chapter 5.1, and the
be prepared for receiving an external start signal (released) and an external
stop signal.
The signals must be accessible via a terminal strip or commands in accordance
with the specifications in chapter 7.
5.7.3 Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW

The requirement for automatic downward control in case of strong winds must
be implemented not later than 18 months after the commencement date of this
technical regulation.
be equipped with the control functions specified in Table 17.
A wind power plant must be prepared for receiving an external start signal
(released) and an external stop signal. The signals must be accessible via
commands in accordance with the specifications in chapter 7.
It must be possible to continuously downward regulate the active power
supplied by the wind power plant to an arbitrary value in the interval from
100% to at least 40% of the rated power. When downward regulation is
performed, the shutting-down of individual wind turbine generator systems is
allowed so that the load characteristic is followed as well as possible.
The wind power plant must stay connected to the public electricity supply
network at average wind speeds below a predefined cut-out wind speed. The
cut-out wind speed must as a minimum be 25 m/s, based on the wind speed
measured as an average value over a 10-minute period. To prevent instability
in the public electricity supply network the wind power plant must be equipped
with an automatic downward regulation function making it possible to avoid a
temporary interruption of the active power production at wind speeds close to
the cut-out wind speed.
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Downward regulation can be performed as continuous or discrete regulation.

Discrete regulation must have a step size of maximum 25% of the rated power
within the hatched area shown in Figure 13. When downward regulation is
being performed, the shutting-down of individual wind turbine generator
systems is allowed. The downward regulation band must be agreed with the
electricity supply undertaking upon commissioning of the wind power plant.
Figure 13 Downward regulation of active power at high wind speeds
5.7.4 Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW

In addition to complying with the requirements in chapter 5.7.3 the wind
power plant must be able to continuously regulate the active power to an
arbitrary value in the interval from 100% to as least 20% of the rated power.
5.8
Calculation of non-supplied active power
As regards wind power plants subject to legislation relating to compensation in

the event of downward regulation being ordered as described in the regulation
'Compensation for offshore wind farms ordered to perform downward
regulation' [Ref. 27], the wind turbine generator system operator must provide
the required signals, as specified in Appendix 4.
5.9
Reactive power control requirements

In addition to complying with the general requirements in chapter 5.1, and the
requirements for normal production stated in chapter 3.2, the wind power
plant must comply with a power factor interval of 0.95 < PF < 1.0 if production
constitutes more than 20% of the rated power.

requirements for normal production in chapter 3.2, the wind power plant's
operating point must always be within the hatched area shown in Figure 14.
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When the wind power plant has been disconnected or is not producing any
power, no compensation is required for the reactive power from the wind power
plant cabling and infrastructure.
P / Pn
1.0
0.6
Inductive
Q-import
Capacitive
Q-export
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.0
- 0.480
- 0.410
- 0.330
0.900
0.925
0.950
- 0.228 - 0.100
0.00
0.100
0.228
0.330
0.410
0.995
1.000
0.995 0.975
0.950
0.925
0.975
Q/Pmax
Cos
Figure 14 Reactive power requirements for wind power plants with a power
output range of 1.5 kW to 1.5 MW
5.9.3 Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW

The wind power plant must be designed in such a way that the operating point
can lie anywhere within the hatched area in Figure 15.
Control form and settings must be agreed with the electricity supply
undertaking.
The plant owner is responsible for carrying out compensation in situations when
the wind power plant is disconnected or is not producing active power (reactive
power from the power infrastructure). Following agreement with the electricity
supply undertaking, compensation can be carried out outside of the wind power
plant.
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output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW
Wind turbine types already type-approved must be able to control reactive
power in accordance with the current type approval or the wind turbine
manufacturer's technical specifications applying at the time of commencement
of this technical regulation.

The wind power plant must be designed in such a way that the operating point
can lie anywhere within the hatched area in Figure 16 and Figure 17.
Control form and settings must be agreed with the electricity supply
undertaking.
The plant owner is responsible for carrying out compensation in situations when
the wind power plant is disconnected or is not producing active power (reactive
power from the power infrastructure). Following agreement with the electricity
supply undertaking, compensation can be carried out outside of the wind power
plant.
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P / Pn
1.0
0.8
0.6
InductivE
Q-import
0.4
Capacitive
Q-export
0.2
0.0
- 0.480
- 0.410
- 0.330
- 0.228
0.00
0.228
0.330
0.410
0.900
0.925
0.950
0.975
1.000
0.975
0.950
0.925
Q/Pmax
Cos
output greater than 25 MW
U
Nominal voltages see table 1
Umax
U +10%
U +6%
U +5%
U -5%
U -10%
Umin
Figure 17
- 0.410
- 0.330
- 0.228
0.00
0.228
0.330
0.410
0.925
0.950
0.975
1.000
0.975
0.950
0.925
Q/Pmax
Cos
Requirements for voltage control range for wind power plants with
a power output greater than 25 MW
Wind turbine types already type-approved must be able to control reactive

power in accordance with the current type approval or the wind turbine
manufacturer's technical specifications applying at the time of commencement
of this technical regulation.
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Protection
6.
Protection
6.1
General
Protection functions must be available to protect the wind power plant and to
ensure a stable public electricity supply network.
The plant owner is responsible for ensuring that a wind power plant is
dimensioned and equipped with the necessary protection functions so that the
wind power plant:
-
is protected against damage due to faults and incidents in the public

electricity supply network, eg symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuits,
recurring voltages when faults and incidents are disconnected, increased
voltage on fault-free phases in the event of asymmetrical short circuits,
phase failures, etc.
is protected against damage due to out-of-phase reclosing
protects the public electricity supply network to the widest possible extent
against unwanted impacts from the wind power plant
is protected against disconnection in non-critical situations for the wind
power plant.
The electricity supply undertaking or the transmission system operator is

entitled to demand that the set values for protection functions be changed
following commissioning if it is deemed to be of importance to the operation of
the public electricity supply network. However, such change must not result in
the wind power plant being exposed to impacts from the public electricity
supply network lying outside of the design requirements specified in chapter 3.
The electricity supply undertaking must state the highest and lowest shortcircuit current that can be expected in the point of connection as well as any
other information about the public electricity supply network as may be
necessary to define the wind power plant's protection functions.
6.2
Requirements for grid protection in the point of connection
The wind power plant's protection functions and associated settings must be as
specified in the following subsections. Settings deviating from the requirements
can only be used if authorised by the electricity supply undertaking.
All settings are stated as RMS values. The wind power plant must be
disconnected or stopped if a measuring signal deviates more from its nominal
value than the setting.
The function time stated is the measuring time in which the trip condition must
constantly be complied with in order for the protection function to issue a trip
signal. It is not a question of the trip signal being subjected to a simple time
lag.
The use of vector jump relays as protection against island operation and loss of
mains is not allowed.
It is assumed that the nominal voltage of the wind turbine generator system is
determined on the low-voltage side of the step-up transformer. As regards
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Protection
three-winding transformers, the nominal voltage of the low-voltage winding

with the highest nominal power must be used to determine the set value.
If the voltage is measured on the high-voltage side, the set value must be
determined by converting the nominal voltage on the low-voltage side to the
nominal voltage on the high-voltage side of the step-up transformer.
Voltage and frequency must be measured for all three phases as line-to-line
voltage. Alternatively, if the measuring point is placed on the low-voltage side
of the step-up transformer, the voltage can be measured between the three
phases and zero.
The wind power plant must not disconnect at a transitory phase jump of up to
20 in the point of connection.
If a wind power plant is isolated with a part of the public electricity supply
network, the wind power plant must not give rise to temporary overvoltages
that may damage the wind power plant or the public electricity supply network.
Temporary overvoltages as defined in IEC-60071-1 [ref. 35] must be limited to
1.30 p.u. and be reduced to 1.20 p.u. of the voltage in the point of connection
after 100 ms.

Protection functions with associated operation settings and function time must
be as outlined in Table 18.
Protection function
Symbol
Overvoltage (step 2)
U>>
1.10 Un
200
ms
U>
1.06 Un
60
Undervoltage (step 1)
U<
0.90 Un
1060
Overfrequency
f>
52
Hz
200
ms
Underfrequency
f<
47
Hz
200
ms
df/dt
2.5
Hz/s
200
ms
Frequency change
Table 18
Setting
Function time
Requirements for wind power plants with a power output range of

11 kW to 25 kW
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Protection
6.2.2 Wind power plants with a power output range of 25 kW to 25 MW

be as shown in Table 19.
Protection function
Symbol
U>>>
1.20 Un
5100
ms
U>>
1.10 Un
200
ms
U>
1.06 Un
60
U<
0.90 Un
1060
Overfrequency
f>
52
Hz
200
ms
Underfrequency
f<
47
Hz
200
ms
Table 19
Setting
Function time
Requirements for wind power plants with a power output range of

25 kW to 25 MW

be as shown in Table 20.
Protection function
Symbol
U>>>
1.20 Un
5100
ms
U>>
1.15 Un
U>
1.10 Un
60
U<
0.90 Un
1060
Overfrequency
f>
52
Hz
200
ms
Underfrequency
f<
47
Hz
200
ms
Table 20
Setting
Function time
Requirements for wind power plants with a power output greater

than 25 MW
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Data communication and exchange of signals
7.
7.1

Communication requirements
Out of consideration for the operation of the public electricity supply network, it
is necessary to prepare for communication between the wind turbine generator
system operator and the transmission system operator in accordance with the
version of the regulation applicable at any given time.

Wind power plants must be prepared for receiving an external stop signal.
The external signal is expected to be a pulse signal.
The requirement is regarded as having been complied with if the normal stop
circuit can be controlled by the external stop signal via a terminal strip.

The wind power plant must be prepared for receiving an external start signal
(released) and an external stop signal. The signals must be accessible via a
terminal strip or commands in accordance with the specifications in chapter
7.3.
7.1.3 Wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW
Wind power plants must be prepared for receiving an external start signal
(released) and an external stop signal. The signals must be accessible via
commands in accordance with the specifications in chapter 7.3.
It must be possible to obtain correct measurements and maintain data
communication in all situations, including when wind power plants are shut
down and the grid is dead. Local back-up supply must as a minimum ensure the
logging of relevant measurements and data and ensure the controlled shutdown of the wind power plant's control and monitoring system. Logging in
connection with a shut-down must be performed at minute level.
All measurements and data relevant to recording and analysis must be logged
with a time stamp and an accuracy ensuring that such measurements and data
can be correlated with each other and with similar recordings in the public
electricity supply network. Time stamping must refer to UTC or GPS with an
accuracy and precision of minimum 10 ms. The UTC modifier is +1 hour for
winter time and +2 hours for summer time.
7.2
Requirements for measurements
The requirements specified in this chapter apply to wind power plants of all
sizes.
Specific requirements for installed measuring equipment, measuring accuracy
and master data that must be available in order for a wind power plant to be
connected to the public electricity supply network are specified in the following
regulations:
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1. Regulation D1 'Settlement metering' [ref. 23].

2. Regulation D2 'Technical requirements for electricity metering' [ref. 24]
3. Technical regulation TF 5.8.1 'Metering regulation for system operation
purposes' (Mleforskrift til systemdriftsforml) [ref. 22]
4. Regulation E 'Compensation for offshore wind farms ordered to perform
downward regulation' [ref. 25].
Compliance with the above-mentioned regulations must be verified as a part of
the tests that form the basis of the approval of the grid connection. The latest
version of the applicable regulations can be found at the transmission system
operator's website www.energinet.dk.
7.3
Data communication
The requirements apply to wind power plants with a power output greater than
1.5 MW.
The information for a wind power plant must as a minimum be modelled and
grouped as specified in the IEC 61400-25-2 standard [ref. 17].
The signal list relating to the exchange of information with a wind power plant
must as a minimum comprise the signals specified by the IEC 61400-25-2
standard [ref. 17] as 'mandatory'.
For a wind power plant the information exchange must as a minimum be
implemented using a protocol stack for IEC 61400-25-4 Annex D (IEC-60870-5104) [ref. 20]. The configuration of the IEC-60870-5-104 protocol stack must
be performed in such a way as to allow the wind power plant to communicate
with at least two master units.
The specific requirements for information and signals are specified in Appendix
4.
The current settings for the wind power plant must be defined in collaboration
with the electricity supply undertaking and documented in accordance with the
requirements in chapter 8.
7.4
Fault incident recording
The requirement for recording fault incidents in the public electricity supply
network applies to wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW.
Logging must be performed using electronic equipment that can be configured
to log all incidents in the point of connection in case of faults in the public
electricity supply network.
The plant owner must install in the point of connection logging equipment
capable of recording at least the following information about the wind power
plant:
-
voltage for each phase

current for each phase
active power (can be computed values)
reactive power (can be computed values)
frequency (can be computed values)
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Logging must be performed as correlated time series of measuring values from

10 seconds before trigging until 60 seconds after trigging.
Minimum sample frequency for all fault loggings must be 1 kHz.
The specific settings for incident-based logging must be agreed with the
transmission system operator upon commissioning of the wind power plant.
All metered data relevant to recording and analysis must be logged with a time
stamp and an accuracy ensuring that such data can be correlated with each
other and with similar recordings in the public electricity supply network. Time
stamping must refer to UTC with an accuracy of 10 ms and a precision of 1 ms.
The UTC modifier is +1 hour for winter time and +2 hours for summer time.
Loggings must be filed for at least three months from the time when the fault
situation occurred. The maximum number of incidents to be recorded is 100,
however.
The electricity supply undertaking must upon request be granted access to
logged and relevant recorded information in COMTRADE format [def. 1.3].
7.5
Request for metered data and documentation
The requirements apply to wind power plants with a power output greater than
25 MW.
The electricity supply undertaking and the transmission system operator are
always entitled to request relevant information about a wind power plant. The
expenses relating to requesting such information must be paid by the plant
owner.
The transmission system operator can request meter data and fault recorder
data collected for the wind power plant for a period of three months back in
time.
The electricity supply undertaking and the transmission system operator are
always entitled to request that a wind power plant verify and document its
compliance with the provisions of this regulation. Such verification and
documentation must be based on the metered data and/or calculations specified
by the electricity supply undertaking or the transmission system operator.
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Verification and documentation
8.
The plant owner is responsible for ensuring that the wind power plant complies
with this technical regulation and documents that the requirements are being
complied with.
The documentation which the wind power plant is required to provide is
specified in this chapter, which has been arranged in accordance with the total
rated power in the point of connection.
The general procedure as regards the approval and issue of an operating permit
for a wind power plant is as follows:
-
Documentation is forwarded electronically to the electricity supply

undertaking.
The electricity supply undertaking reviews and approves the documentation
and clarifies whether all information has been provided. When the
documentation has been approved, an operating permit will be issued to the
plant owner.
The electricity supply undertaking sends the approved documentation
electronically to the transmission system operator (Front Office Electricity,
fo@energinet.dk).
Where wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW are
concerned, documentation as outlined in the following sections must be
provided.
8.1
Wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 25 kW
The documentation to be provided must be in the form of data valid at the time
of commissioning:
-
Master data, see Appendix 1

Technical documentation, see Appendix 1
Single-line representation, see Appendix 1
Type approval, see Appendix 1
Electricity quality, see Appendix 1
8.2
Wind power plants with a power output range of 25 kW to 1.5 MW
of commissioning:
-

Project approval (if relevant), see Appendix 1
Signal list, see Appendix 1
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8.3
Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW
of commissioning:
-

Project approval, see Appendix 1
Voltage drop, see Appendix 1
PQ diagram, see Appendix 1
Short-circuit data, see Appendix 1
Dynamic model, see Appendix 2
Commissioning report, see Appendix 5
8.4
Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW
The documentation to be provided must be in the form of preliminary data for

the wind power plant that must be sent to the electricity supply undertaking
not later than three months before the requested time of commissioning:
-

Project approval, see Appendix 1
Voltage drop, see Appendix 1
PQ diagram, see Appendix 1
Short-circuit data, see Appendix 1
Dynamic model, see Appendix 2
Commissioning report, see Appendix 5
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Documentation
Appendix 1 Documentation
Appendix 1 covers the total documentation requirement for a wind power plant.
Appendix 1 must be filled in and sent electronically to the electricity supply
undertaking.
Appendix A1.1 Master data shows the general information about the wind power
plant which the electricity supply undertaking uses to register the wind power
plant in the electronic self-service portal.
Appendix A1.2 Technical documentation comprises all other information
necessary for the electricity supply undertaking in respect of operational and
computational issues.
The technical information must be provided in the form of commissioning data
applying to the wind power plant at the time of commissioning.
If information is changed after the time of commissioning, updated
documentation must be forwarded, as stipulated in chapter 2.2 (Changes to an
existing wind power plant).
Template for appendix is only available in Danish and can be found at
www.energinet.dk.
List of contents - Documentation

Appendix 1 Documentation ............................................................................... 55
A1.1. Master data ................................................................................... 56
A1.2. Technical documentation ................................................................. 58
Appendix 2 Simulation model ............................................................................ 66
A2.1. Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW ....... 66
A2.2. Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW................. 66
A2.3. Requirements for simulation models.................................................. 67
A2.4. Validation of simulation models for the individual types of wind turbine
generator systems ....................................................................... 68
A2.5. Validation of simulation models of the entire wind power plant.............. 69
Appendix 3 Calculation examples for electricity quality.......................................... 70
A3.1. Rapid voltage changes .................................................................... 70
A3.2. Flicker .......................................................................................... 70
A3.3. Harmonics..................................................................................... 72
Appendix 4 Signal list ...................................................................................... 73
A4.1. Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 kW ................. 73
A4.2. Wind power plants receiving compensation ........................................ 73
Appendix 5 Commissioning report...................................................................... 74
A5.1. Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW ....... 74
A5.2. Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW................. 74
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Documentation
A1.1. Master data

The below form must be filled in irrespective of rated power.
Description
Text
Identification:
Name of electricity supply
undertaking
Plant name
GSRN number
Planned commissioning
Technical data:
Manufacturer
Type designation (model)
Type approval
Approval authority
Installed kW (rated power)
Cos (rated power)
Cos (20% rated power)
Cos (no load)
3-phase short-circuit current
immediately in front of wind power
plant (RMS)
Rotor diameter (m)
Hub height (m)
Point of connection
Voltage level
60 kV substation
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Documentation
Description
Text
Plant address:
Contact person (technical)
Address1
House number
Letter
Postal code
BBR municipality
X/Y coordinates
Title number
Owners' association on titled land
Owner:
CVR number
or civil registration number (CPR)
Company name
Contact person (administrative)
Address1
House number
Letter
Floor
To the right/left
Postal code
Email address
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Documentation
A1.2. Technical documentation

A1.2.1. Step-up transformer
This form need only be filled in if the information does not appear from the type
approval issued for the wind turbine generator system.
Description
Value
Make
Type
Comments
Description
Symbol
Unit
Nominal apparent power (1 p.u.)
Sn
MVA
Nominal primary voltage (1 p.u.)
Up
kV
Nominal secondary voltage
Us
kV
Coupling designation, eg Dyn11
Step switch location
dutp
%/trin
phitp
degree/st
ep
Step switch, lowest position
ntpmin
Step switch, highest position
ntpmax
Step switch, neutral position
ntp0
Short-circuit voltage, synchronous
uk
Copper loss
Pcu
kW
Short-circuit voltage, zero system
uk0
Resistive short-circuit voltage, zerosequence system
ukr0
No-load current
I0
No-load loss
P0
Step switch, additional voltage per

step
Step switch, phase angle of additional
voltage per step:
Value
Primary side
Secondary side
As an alternative to filling in the above form, similar data can be enclosed in the
form of a data sheet for the transformer and a possible tap changer.
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Documentation
A1.2.2. Protection functions

A wind power plant must always be equipped with the following protection
functions, irrespective of its rated power.
Overvoltage relay (11 kW < Pn 25 kW)

Description
Recommended
value
Symbol
Unit
If there an overvoltage relay?

(U>> and U>)
If yes, setting 1 of overvoltage

relay (voltage)
U>
kV
Un x 1.06

relay (function time)
T>
60

relay (voltage)
U>>
kV
Un x 1.10

T>>
0.2
Symbol
Unit
Recommended
value
Is there an overvoltage relay?

(U>> og U>)

relay (voltage)
U>
kV
Un x 1.06

T>
60

relay (voltage)
U>>
kV
Un x 1.10

T>>
0.2

relay (voltage)
U>>>
kV
Un x 1.20

T>>>
ms
5..100
Current
value
Make
Type
Yes
No
Comments
Overvoltage relay (25 kW < Pn 25 MW)

Description
Current
value
Make
Type
Yes
No
Comments
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Documentation
Overvoltage relay (Pn > 25 MW)

Description
Recommended
value
Symbol
Unit
If there an overvoltage relay?

(U>> og U>)

relay (voltage)
U>
kV
Un x 1.10

T>
60

relay (voltage)
U>>
kV
Un x 1.15

T>>

relay (voltage)
U>>>
kV
Un x 1.20

T>>>
ms
5..100
Symbol
Unit
Recommended
value
If yes, setting of undervoltage relay

(voltage)
U<
kV
Un x 0.90
If yes, setting of undervoltage relay

(function time)
T<
1060
Symbol
Unit
Recommended
value
f>
Hz
52.0
T>
ms
200
Current
value
Make
Type
Yes
No
Comments
Undervoltage relay (all)

Description
Current
value
Make
Type
Is there an undervoltage relay?
(U<)
Yes
No
Comments
Overfrequency relay (all)

Description
Make
Type
Is there an overfrequency relay?
(f>)
If yes, setting of overfrequency
relay (frequency)
If yes, setting of overfrequency
Current
value
Yes
No
Comments
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Documentation
Underfrequency relay (all)

Description
Recommended
value
Symbol
Unit
f<1
Hz
47.0
T<1
ms
200
Make
Type
Is there an underfrequency relay?
(f<)
If yes, setting 1 of underfrequency
relay (frequency)
If yes, setting 1 of underfrequency
Current
value
Yes
No
Comments
Frequency change relay (11 kW < Pn 25 MW)

Description
Make
Type
Is there a frequency change relay?
(df/dt)
If yes, setting 1 of frequency
change relay (frequency change)
change relay (function time at
positive frequency changes)
change relay (frequency change):
change relay (function time at
negative frequency changes)
Recommended
value
Symbol
Unit
(df/dt)1
Hz/s
+2.5
T1
ms
200
(df/dt)2
Hz/s
-2.5
T2
ms
200
Current
value
Yes
No
Comments
A1.2.3. Single-line representation

This applies to all wind power plants with a rated power greater than 25 kW.
The electricity supply undertaking may demand that a single-line representation
be provided for wind power plants with a rated power lower than 25 kW.
In this Appendix, a single-line representation of the plant must be made, with
indication of point of connection, point of common coupling, metering points,
including settlement metering, limits of ownership and operational supervisor
limits/limits of liability. In addition, the type designation for the switchgear used
must be stated so as to make it possible to identify the correct connection
terminals.
In instances when a single-line representation is included in the grid use
agreement between plant owner and electricity supply undertaking, the grid use
agreement can be enclosed as documentation.
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Documentation
A1.2.4. Type approval

This applies to all wind power plants, irrespective of their rated power.
Documentation for approval and registration with the approval secretariat under
the Danish Energy Agency.
Wind power plants must be type-approved in accordance with Danish Executive
Order no. 651 of 26 June 2008 [ref. 21].
A1.2.5. Project approval

This applies to all wind power plants, irrespective of their rated power (if
relevant).
Documentation for approval and registration with the approval secretariat under
the Danish Energy Agency.
Wind power plants must be type-approved in accordance with Danish Executive
Order no. 651 of 26 June 2008 [ref. 21].
A1.2.6. Electricity quality

This applies to all wind power plants, irrespective of their rated power.
Documentation for complying with the voltage quality:
-
form for flicker coefficient, voltage changes and flicker caused by switching
in accordance with IEC 61400-21 Annex A
form for harmonic overtones in accordance with IEC 61400-21 Annex A
necessary calculations in accordance with chapter 4
A1.2.7. Voltage drop

This applies to all wind power plants with a rated power greater than 1.5 MW in
the same point of connection.
The wind power plant's ability to stay connected to the public electricity supply
grid in connection with voltage drops, as described in chapter 3.3, must be
documented.
The plant owner must provide the documentation, which must be approved by
the electricity supply undertaking. The documentation may be in the form of an
independent report or a chapter in the commissioning report.

As regards wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW, it
is acceptable that only the individual wind turbine generator system's ability to
stay connected to the public electricity supply network must be verified.
Dynamic simulation is acceptable as a method for verifying that the
requirements, as specified in chapter 3.3, are complied with.
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Documentation
If simulation models used in dynamic simulations are enclosed as

documentation, they must comply with the requirements specified in Appendix
2.
Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW

As regards wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW, the
total wind power plant's ability to stay connected to the public electricity supply
network must be documented.
Dynamic simulation is acceptable as documentation to the effect that the
requirements, as specified in chapter 3.3, are complied with.
If simulation models used in dynamic simulations are enclosed as
documentation, they must be in conformity with the requirements specified in
Appendix 2.
As regards wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW it is
acceptable, however, that 'black-box' models of the individual types of wind
turbine generator systems be used to verify that the requirements are complied
with. If simulations based on 'black-box' models are used, they must be
validated in accordance with Appendix 2.
An overall model of wind turbine generator systems and the power
infrastructure is acceptable provided it can be documented that the aggregation
does not significantly impact the simulation results.
A1.2.8. PQ diagram
The appendix includes a PQ diagram showing the reactive power which the wind
power plant can produce/consume in accordance with the requirements
specified in chapter 5.3.
A1.2.9. Short-circuit data

The requirement for short-circuit data with relay-protection functions must be
implemented not later than 18 months after the commencement date of this
technical regulation.
For the purposes of static calculations, the wind power plant manufacturer must
provide short-circuit data at different voltage drops in the public electricity
supply network, using the requirements in chapter 3.3 as starting point.
Voltage drops in connection with faults must be stated with a short-circuit time
of 150 ms.
The fault sequence is logged through simulation in the 0-500 ms time interval.
Short-circuit data must be provided in the following tables.
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Documentation
Assumptions for the calculation of short-circuit data:

-
All wind turbine generator systems in the wind power plant are connected
The wind power plant produces the rated power
Current values are calculated in the point of connection
Symmetrical voltage drop is indicated as a percentage (dU) of the output
voltage
The wind power plant's protection functions/settings are included
The short-circuit power in the point of connection is set to 10 x Pn with an
X/R of 10
50 Hz component of the active current, Iactive
50 Hz component of the reactive current, Ireactive
Total current incl. DC component and harmonics, Ipeak

dU=20%
Time [ms]
Iactive [A]
Ireactive [A]
Ipeak [A]
0
5
10
20
50
100
150
200
300
500
dU=30%
Time [ms]
Iactive [A]
Ireactive [A]
Ipeak [A]
0
5
10
20
50
100
150
200
300
500
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Documentation
dU=50%
Time [ms]
Iactive [A]
Ireactive [A]
Ipeak [A]
0
5
10
20
50
100
150
200
300
500
dU=80%
Time [ms]
Iactive [A]
Ireactive [A]
Ipeak [A]
0
5
10
20
50
100
150
200
300
500
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Simulation model
Appendix 2 Simulation model

Requirements for the simulation model must be implemented not later than 18
months after the commencement date of this technical regulation.
For the purposes of analysing the public electricity supply network the
transmission system operator must maintain and expand the simulation models
as new wind power plants are connected to the grid. The simulation models are
used to analyse the dynamic properties of the transmission grid and the
distribution network, including stability.
The plant owner must provide the transmission system operator with the
simulation models specified. In pursuance of Section 84 a of the Danish
Electricity Supply Act, the transmission system operator is under a duty of
confidentiality where commercially sensitive information is concerned.
For the purposes of confidentiality, simulation models can be sent direct from
the wind turbine manufacturer to the transmission system operator. The plant
owner is responsible for ensuring that such data is forwarded at the correct time
and to the correct extent.
A2.1. Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW

The transmission system operator requires a simulation model of each
individual wind turbine generator system in the wind power plant.
-
The plant owner must not later than three months after commissioning send
a simulation model of each individual wind turbine generator system in the
wind power plant.
The plant owner must provide data for the power infrastructure upon request.
A2.2. Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW

The transmission system operator requires a dynamic simulation model of the
wind power plant.
The plant owner must not later than three months after the conclusion of a
contract on the construction of the wind power plant send:
-
preliminary data for the dynamic simulation model, covering each individual
type of wind turbine generator system in the wind power plant
data for a dynamic simulation model of the wind power plant controller
data for the power infrastructure consisting of cables and ?switching? and
relay protection equipment.
The simulation model of the wind power plant controller and the simulation
model of the various types of wind turbine generator systems must have a
contents and be so detailed that they can be immediately integrated and
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Simulation model
subsequently appear to be one completely functional simulation model, as

required in A2.3.
Data for components and parts that form part of the power infrastructure must
also have a contents and be so detailed as to enable the construction of one
single completely operational simulation model, as required in A2.3.
From the design phase to the commissioning phase, the plant owner must on
an ongoing basis keep the transmission system operator informed if the
preliminary data no longer can be regarded as being indicative of the final
commissioned wind power plant.
The plant owner must not later than three months after the final commissioning
of the wind power plant send updated simulation models of the various types of
wind turbine generator systems and the wind power plant controller, as well as
data for components and parts forming part of the power infrastructure.
A2.3. Requirements for simulation models

Simulation models of each individual type of wind turbine generator systems
and the entire wind power plant must dynamically describe the electrical
properties seen from the public electricity supply network.
Simulation models must be supplied in the form of block diagrams which by
means of mainly logical and mathematical functions, primarily transfer functions
in the Laplace domain, describe the properties of wind power plants.
Simulation models must be accompanied by model descriptions as a minimum
comprising function descriptions of the main elements of the model and detailed
descriptions of the individual model components and associated model
parameters.
Simulation models consisting of compiled code are acceptable provided the
source code is also sent.
Simulation models with encrypted parts are not acceptable.
Simulation models must comprise all control functions as required in chapter 5.
Simulation models must include all protection functions that can be activated in
connection with any incident and fault in the public electricity supply network,
as required in chapter 6.
It must be possible to use simulation models for simulating RMS values in the
synchronous system (positive sequence).
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Simulation model
It should be possible to use simulation models for simulating RSM values in the
individual phases during asymmetrical incidents and faults in the public
It must as a minimum be possible to use the simulation models in the 47-53 Hz
frequency range and in the 0-1.4 p.u. voltage range.
Simulation models must be able to describe the dynamic reply from the wind
power plant for at least 30 seconds after any incident and fault in the public
It must be possible to initialise the simulation models direct on the basis of a
load-flow solution without subsequent iterations.
Simulation models must be numerically stable and capable of utilising numerical
equation solvers with variable time step.
A2.4. Validation of simulation models for the individual types of

wind turbine generator systems
In relation to voltage drops, simulation models must as a minimum be validated
by means of the test results VD1, VD2, VD3 and VD4 in IEC 61400-21 chapter
6.5 Response to voltage drops.
In relation to regards voltage increases, simulation models should be validated
by means of test results obtained from test stations or measurements obtained
from commercial wind turbine generator systems, for example.
In relation to grid protection, simulation models must be validated by means of
the test results based on IEC standard 61400-21 chapter 6.8 Grid Protection
or similar measurements taken under similar conditions.
In relation to frequency drops and increases, simulation models should be
validated by means of test results obtained from test stations or measurements
performed at commercial wind turbine generator systems, for example.
The validation must be documented in a validation report indicating the
accuracy actually achieved by the simulation model. The report must also
contain detailed information about the simulation model on the basis of which
the validated simulation model has been implemented.
The implemented simulation model used for the validation must be handed over
to the transmission system operator. The implemented simulation model must
be handed over in such form and to such an extent that the transmission
system operator is able to re-create the validation. The extent does not cover a
program license for the simulation model used.
It must be endeavoured to keep the accuracy of simulation models within
10% for voltage, active power, active current, reactive power and reactive
current, with the actual accuracy being documented in the validation report.
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Simulation model
The time-series measurements used for validating the simulation model must
be enclosed (in COMTRADE format) with the validation report.
A2.5. Validation of simulation models of the entire wind power plant

The plant owner must not later than three months after the final commissioning
of the wind power plant submit measurements which the transmission system
operator can use to validate the simulation model of the entire wind power
plant. The simulation model of the entire wind power plant must be validated
for all control types, as required in chapter 5.
The practical performance of validation tests must be determined not later than
three months before the final commissioning of the wind power plant on the
basis of the plant owner's proposal and in collaboration with the transmission
system operator.
The plant owner is responsible for performing all validation tests and is also
responsible for measuring equipment, data loggers and staff.
The measurements used to validate the simulation model of the entire wind
power plant must be documented by the plant owner in a report containing
detailed descriptions of each individual test.
The time-series measurements used for validating the simulation model must
be enclosed (in COMTRADE format) with the validation report.
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Calculation examples for electricity quality
Appendix 3 Calculation examples for electricity quality

A3.1. Rapid voltage changes
A 1 MVA wind turbine generator system is connected to the public electricity
supply network at 10 kV level. The electricity supply undertaking has calculated
a short-circuit effect of 50 MVA and a short-circuit angle of 84 in the point of
connection. It can be seen from the IEC 61400-21 type test that the voltage
change factor at this angle is 0.5.
The size of the voltage change is then calculated as:
d (%) = 100% k u ( k )
Sn
1
= 100% 0,5
= 1%
Sk
50
The result is lower than the limit value, and the requirements in relation to
rapid voltage change can therefore be regarded as having been complied with.
A3.2. Flicker
A3.2.1. Limit values
If the connected rated power is lower than 0.4% of the minimum short-circuit
power in the point of connection, the wind power plant can be connected
without any additional examinations being performed.
If the connected power is greater than 0.4% of the minimum short-circuit
power in the point of connection, the following procedure must be applied:
Wind power plants with a power output up to 1.5 MW
The limit values indicated in Table 4 can be applied directly.
Wind power plants with a power output greater than 1.5 MW
The limit value (Plt,i) for the emission from the wind power plant, i, is calculated
as:
Plt ,i = Glt 3
Si
S prod ,tot
Where:
Glt is the total permissible emission from the wind power plant in the
connection point, see Table 5.
Si is the power produced by wind power plant i
Sprod, tot is the maximum concurrent wind power generation, including Si,
which is expected to be connected to the public electricity supply
network.
Plt ,i = Glt 3
Si
S prod ,tot
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supply network at 10 kV level. 10 MVA of wind power generation has already
been connected to the 10 kV network concerned, and no additional wind turbine
generator systems are expected to be connected. The flicker emission limit for
the new systems can be calculated as:
Plt ,nytilslutning ,max = 0,5 3
2
= 0,275
12
Flicker emission from the wind turbine generator system is then calculated as
shown in the previous examples, and the computed values are compared with
the flicker emission limit.
A3.2.2. Continuous operation

connection. It can be seen from the type test in accordance with IEC 61400-21
that the flicker co-efficient is 2 for the given values for short-circuit angle and
average wind speed.
Flicker contribution is then calculated as:
Pst = c( k , v a )
Sn
1
= 2
= 0,04
50
Sk
As Pst can be assumed to be equal to Plt during continuous operation, and the
value computed lies below the limit values, the requirement regarding flicker
during continuous operation can then be regarded as having been complied
with.
A3.2.3. Switching
connection. It can be seen from the data sheet for the IEC 61400-21 type test,
which is included in the type approval for the wind turbine generator system,
that the flicker step factor is 0.1.
Assuming that there is a maximum of two switching's per hour, the flicker
contribution can now be calculated as:
0 , 31
Plt ,i = 8 N 120
min,i k f ,i ( k )
S n ,i
Sk
= 8 4 0,31 0,1
1
= 0,02
50
As the computed value lies below the limit value, the requirement regarding
flicker during continuous operation can be considered as having been complied
with.
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A3.3. Harmonics
The limit value for the emission from the individual wind power plant, i, is
calculated as:
Ei ,h = LMV ,h LHV ,h
| S last ,max,MV + LV
Si
| + | S prod ,max,MV + LV |
Where:
Ei,h is the emission limit for order h harmonics for wind power plant i
LMV,h is the design limit for order h harmonics h at medium-voltage level
LMV,h is the design limit for order h harmonics h at high-voltage level
Si is the power produced by wind power plant i
Slast,, max, MV+LV is the maximum load provided by the medium-voltage grid
concerned. The value is determined taking account of future consumption
increases.
Slast,, max, MV+LV is the maximum harmonics-generated production capacity
in and below the medium-voltage grid concerned. The value is
determined taking account of future production increases.
IEC TR 61000-3-6 and IEC 61000-3-12 gives examples of design values for the
medium-voltage and the high-voltage grids, the most important of which can be
seen in Table 10, Table 11 and Table 12 in chapter 4.4.2.3. As regards
wind power plants whose point of connection is far away from the point of
common coupling, the electricity supply undertaking can normally authorise
emissions in the point of connection higher than the stated limit values applying
in the point of common coupling.
supply network at 10 kV level. 10 MVA of wind power generation has already
been connected to the 10 kV network concerned, and there is a 10 MVA load.
No additional systems are expected to be connected. When using the 5th
harmonics as an example and the IEC's recommended values, the emission
limit for the new system can be calculated as:
Ei , 5 =
1, 4
5%1, 4 2%1, 4 1, 4
2
= 0,72%
12 + 10
Here, the emission limit has been set as a voltage value, and the wind power
plant's permissible current emission must be determined taking account of the
specific circumstances in the public electricity supply network, including possible
resonance reinforcement.
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Signal list
Appendix 4 Signal list

Signals that are not defined according to IEC 61400-25-2 [ref. 18] must be built
up and defined in accordance with the principles outlined in IEC 61400-25-1
[ref. 17].
A4.1. Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 kW

Wind power plants must have the signals specified in Appendix A4.1.
A signal list for A4.1 can be found at www.energinet.dk.
A4.2. Wind power plants receiving compensation

Wind power plants requesting compensation in accordance with Regulation E
'Compensation for offshore wind farms ordered to perform downward
regulation' [ref. 25] must be equipped with the signals specified in Appendix
A4.1 and Appendix A4.2.
The signals stated in Appendix A4.2 need only be exchanged for chosen wind
turbine generator systems in the wind power plant, and such signals must be
agreed with the transmission system operator prior to commissioning.
The signal list for A4.2 can be found at www.energinet.dk.
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Commissioning report
Appendix 5 Commissioning report

The report template is a guideline in implementing a verification test to verify
that the wind power plant complies with the technical, functional and
documentation requirements specified in this regulation.
Corporate-specific report templates are acceptable when the technical,
functional and documentation requirements have been complied with.
A5.1. Wind power plants with a power output range of 1.5 MW to 25 MW

The report must contain and document the necessary tests verifying that the
current requirements as described in this technical regulation have been
complied with.
Commissioning report Appendix A5.1 can be found at www.energinet.dk.
A5.2. Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW

The report must contain and document the necessary tests verifying that the
current requirements as described in this technical regulation have been
complied with.
Commissioning report Appendix A5.2 can be found at www.energinet.dk.
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Technical regulation 3.2.

Definition 1.6 adjusted

Updated and notified to the Danish Energy Regulatory

Consideration by external working group

Compilation of previous regulations

Document no. 55986/10, Technical Regulation 3.2.5

Terminology and definitions ............................................................. 5

Objective, scope and regulatory provisions ....................................... 11

Tolerance of frequency and voltage deviations .................................. 17

Electricity quality .......................................................................... 23

Control and monitoring.................................................................. 34

Data communication and exchange of signals ................................... 50

Verification and documentation....................................................... 53

Appendix 1 Documentation ..................................................................... 55

Document no. 55986/10, Technical Regulation 3.2.5

Wind power plants with a power output range of 11 kW to 25 kW (typically

Wind power plants with a power output greater than 25 MW - requirements

Document no. 55986/10, Technical Regulation 3.2.5

Terminology and definitions

Terminology and definitions

An absolute production constraint is a device controlling active power in relation

COMTRADE (Common Format for Transient Data) is a file format specified in

Delta production constraint

A delta production constraint is a device controlling active power with a fixed

Power gradient constraint

A power gradient constraint is a device controlling active power with a fixed

Electricity supply undertaking

Flicker is the impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by voltage

Document no. 55986/10, Technical Regulation 3.2.5

Terminology and definitions

means of a negative sign, while the generation/export of active/reactive power

Small wind turbine (SWT)

Public electricity supply network

The public electricity supply network is transmission grids and distribution

Point of common coupling

Rated power of a wind turbine generator system

Rated power of a wind power plant

Document no. 55986/10, Technical Regulation 3.2.5

Terminology and definitions

Rated wind speed

Distribution network operator

Enterprise licensed to operate the distribution network.

The voltage for which a network is defined and to which operational

Normal production area

The normal production area indicates the voltage/frequency level at which a

The power infrastructure is the electrical infrastructure between the individual

Balance-responsible party for production (BRP for

A balance-responsible party for production (BRP for production) is financially

Interconnected electricity supply system

The interconnected electricity supply system is the public electricity supply

Voltage fluctuation is a series of rapid voltage changes or a periodic variation of

Voltage reference point

Document no. 55986/10, Technical Regulation 3.2.5

Terminology and definitions

The voltage measurement is made available free of charged to the interface

Cut-out wind speed

Transmission system operator (TSO)

Enterprise entrusted with the overall responsibility for maintaining security of

Figure 1 Typical grid connection of a small wind turbine

Terminology and definitions

Note: if a tap changer has

PCC: Point of Common Coupling

POC: Point of Connection