Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Scheme of work
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Caring
Inquirers
Learning goals
(Based on National
Curriculum for England,
GCSE or IB Diploma
statements)
Thinkers
Number of periods
Reflective
Thermal physics deftly demonstrates the links between the macroscopic measurements
essential to many scientific models with the microscopic properties that underlie these
models.
Use the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales and convert between them
Year
12
Assessment
Apply the calorimetric techniques of specific heat capacity or specific latent heat experimentally
Calculate energy changes involving specific heat capacity and specific latent heat of fusion and vaporization
Evaluation of prior
learning
Links to ToK
Physics
Scheme of work
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Caring
Inquirers
Reflective
Thinkers
Physics
Scheme of work
Session: 1
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Differentiation
possibilities
Language for
learning
Caring
Learning objectives
Higher order
thinking skills
questions
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Inquirers
Reflective
Number of periods:
Thinkers
Resources
1 bucket of hot water from tap (45 degs), iced water
and water at room temperature.
Explain why your hand feels cold when you touch a metal chair and feels warm when you touch a wooded table, despite the fact that both
objects are at the same temperature.
Create your own temperature scale.
By outcome
Hot, cold, temperature.
Notes
Session: 2
Learning objectives
Understanding:
Number of periods:
Resources
PhET states of matter simulation
Physics
Scheme of work
Session: 2
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Internal energy
Phase change
Caring
Inquirers
Reflective
Number of periods:
Thinkers
Higher order
thinking skills
questions
Differentiation
possibilities
Explain the difference in behaviour between particles in a substance that is undergoing a temperature increase and particles in a substance that
is undergoing a change of state.
By outcome
Physics
Scheme of work
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Caring
Inquirers
Reflective
Thinkers
Language for
learning
Notes
Evidence through experimentation: Scientists from the 17th and 18th centuries were working without the knowledge of atomic structure and
sometimes developed theories that were later found to be incorrect, such as phlogiston and perpetual motion capabilities. Our current
understanding relies on statistical mechanics providing a basis for our use and understanding of energy transfer in science. (1.8)
Temperature (explanation) a scalar quantity that gives an indication of how hot or cold a body is. Example of hand on cold metal and hot
poker.
Temperature (definition) - (measured in Kelvin) is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.
Thermal (heat) energy the kinetic energy of particles that make up matter. The more thermal energy an object has the hotter it is.
Thermal equilibrium Two objects placed in thermal contact will eventually end up with the same temperature provided there is no additional
source of thermal energy. Thermal energy will flow from the hot object to the cold object until they reach thermal equilibrium.
Comparison of temperature scales (for interest only!) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Comparison_of_temperature_scales
Conversions
Celsius Kelvin add 273
Kelvin Celsius subtract 273
Internal energy = the total energy of all the molecules (KE & PE) in a substance. Heating a substance (giving it more thermal energy) increases
its internal energy.
The thermal energy is divided between the molecules of the substance. The molecules possess this internal energy as PE and random KE.
KE = translational (moving) + rotational + vibrational energy
PE = energy due to bonds between molecules + energy due to intermolecular forces.
A gas has more PE than a liquid. A liquid has more PE than a solid.
Physics
Scheme of work
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Caring
Inquirers
Reflective
Thinkers
Melting thermal energy is used to break intermolecular bonds thus increasing the potential energy of the substance.
Freezing the potential energy of the substance is transferred to thermal energy as the molecules bond together.
Boiling liquid turns to gas at one specific temperature (the boiling point), and happens throughout the liquid (hence the formation of bubbles in
boiling water).
Evaporation Liquid turns to gas at a temperature below the boiling point. Faster, more energetic molecules on the surface of the liquid escape
from the liquid causing the average KE of the liquid to decrease. Evaporation causes cooling of the liquid left behind.
Physics
Scheme of work
Session: 3
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Caring
Inquirers
Understanding:
Phase change
Resources
3.1 Baby bottle steriliser investigation sheet
Apparatus for the following experiments:
Thinkers
Number of periods:
Learning objectives
Reflective
Higher order
thinking skills
questions
Design and conduct an investigation to find the useful power output of a microwave oven.
Differentiation
possibilities
Language for
learning
Specific heat capacity, Specific latent heat, phase change, internal energy, temperature, calorimeter.
Physics
Scheme of work
Notes
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Caring
Inquirers
Reflective
Thermal (heat) capacity (C) the amount of energy required to raise an objects temperature by 1 Kelvin.
C = Q / T
Q = heat energy T = temp change
Specific heat capacity (c) the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
c = heat energy given to substance / mass x change in temperature
c = Q / m T
Q = heat energy m = mass T = temp change
Heating substance gains thermal energy as its molecules gain KE.
Cooling substance loses thermal energy as its molecules lose KE
Specific latent heat the amount of thermal energy absorbed or released per kg of substance during a change of state.
Latent heat of vaporisation liquid to gas or gas to liquid
Latent heat of fusion solid to liquid or liquid to solid
L = thermal energy absorbed or released / mass
L = Q / m
Thinkers
Physics
Scheme of work
Session: 4
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Caring
Learning objectives
Understanding:
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Thinkers
Resources
Phase change
Reflective
Number of periods:
Inquirers
Higher order
thinking skills
questions
200g of water at 40C is mixed with 100g of water at 20C. Estimate the final temperature of the water.
Differentiation
possibilities
By outcome
Language for
learning
Specific heat capacity, Specific latent heat, phase change, internal energy, temperature, calorimeter.
Physics
Scheme of work
Notes
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Caring
Inquirers
Reflective
Thinkers
Physics
Scheme of work
Session: 5
Risk-takers
Knowledgeable
Communicators
Balanced
Principled
Learning objectives
Topic objectives from sessions 2 to 5
Higher order
thinking skills
questions
Differentiation
possibilities
By outcome
Language for
learning
See sessions 1 to 5
Notes
See sessions 1 to 5
Caring
Inquirers
Reflective
Number of periods:
Resources
Question sheets on blog
Thinkers