Archimedes' principle indicates that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on

a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to

the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Archimedes' principle is a law of
physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. Archimedes of Syracuse[1] formulated this
principle, which bears his name.
Practically seen, the Archimedes principle allows the volume of an object to be
measured by measuring the volume of the liquid it displaces after submerging, and
the buoyancy of an object immersed in a liquid to be calculated.
For any immersed object, the volume of the submerged portion equals the volume
of fluid it displaces. E.g., by submerging in water half of a sealed 1-liter container,
we displace a half-liter volume of fluid, regardless of the container's contents. If we
fully submerge the same container, we then displace one liter of liquid, which
exactly equals the volume of the 1-liter container.
An empty 1-litre plastic bottle released in the air will fall down due to the
gravitational force of the Earth acting on it. If the same bottle is released under
water, the same gravitational force acts on it, but it will be pushed upwards towards
the surface of the water. The extra force that pushes the bottle upwards comes from
the upthrust or Archimedes force.
Consider a cube immersed in a fluid, with its sides parallel to the direction of
gravity. The fluid will exert a normal force on each face, and therefore only the
forces on the top and bottom faces will contribute to buoyancy. The pressure
difference between the bottom and the top face is directly proportional to the height
(difference in depth). Multiplying the pressure difference by the area of a face gives
the net force on the cube - the buoyancy, or the weight of the fluid displaced. By
extending this reasoning to irregular shapes, we can see that, whatever the shape
of the submerged body, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced.
The weight of the displaced fluid is directly proportional to the volume of the
displaced fluid (if the surrounding fluid is of uniform density). The weight of the
object in the fluid is reduced, because of the force acting on it, which is called
upthrust. In simple terms, the principle states that the buoyant force on an object is
equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the fluid
multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravitational constant, g. Thus,
among completely submerged objects with equal masses, objects with greater
volume have greater buoyancy.

Suppose a rock's weight is measured as 10 Newtons when suspended by a string in

a vacuum with gravity acting on it. Suppose that when the rock is lowered into
water, it displaces water of weight 3 Newtons. The force it then exerts on the string
from which it hangs would be 10 Newtons minus the 3 Newtons of buoyant force:
10 3 = 7 Newtons. Buoyancy reduces the apparent weight of objects that have
sunk completely to the sea floor. It is generally easier to lift an object up through
the water than it is to pull it out of the water.