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A-Transmit Power
Couplings are primarily used to transmit mechanical
power from one machine to another. The power is in the
form of mechanical torque at some speed or work per unit
of time. In general, the amount of power lost by a flexible
coupling is small, although some couplings are more
efficient than others.
B- Accommodate Misalignment
Flexible couplings must accommodate three types of
misalignment (Figure 3):
1 . Parallel offset.
2. Angular.
The axes of connected shafts are parallel but not in the
same straight line (Figure 3A).
The axes of connected shafts intersect at the center point
of the coupling, but not in the same straight line (Figure
3B).
3. Combined angular and offset. The axes of connected
shafts do not intersect at the center point of the coupling
and are not parallel (Figure 3C). It is important to
recognize that while the equipment may see these.
Description of couplings
The basic construction of the most flexible couplings
consists of two flanges or hubs, which attach to the shafts
being coupled, and a connecting element that may be
metallic (such as in disc couplings), or a sleeve made from
elastomeric material such as EPDM rubber, neoprene,
Hytrel or urethane, or a mechanical connection (as in a ujoint or gear coupling).
To be considered flexible, a coupling must handle parallel
and angular misalignment. Couplings with four-way
flexibility accommodate both end float and torsional
movement.
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Gear couplings
Disc couplings
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Disc couplings
Elastic couplings
Elastic couplings of the elastomeric type incorporate a precompressed rubber component, which provides extra
strength and long life. These couplings cater for all types
of misalignment. The hubs are made of high strength
aluminium alloy, making the coupling light and corrosion
resistant. The rubber component damps shocks and
provides smooth, quiet power transmission, thus
protecting both the driving and the driving machines.
Mounting is very simple. As the rubber component is a
split insert, it can be mounted after the shafts have been
aligned.
Bearings
A bearing is a device to allow constrained relative motion
between two or more parts, typically rotation or linear
movement. Bearings may be classified broadly according
to the motions they allow and according to their principle
of operation as well as by the directions of applied loads
they can handle
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Ball Bearings
Ball bearings are extremely common because they can
handle both radial and thrust loads, but can only handle a
small amount of weight. They are found in a wide array of
applications, such as roller blades and even hard drives,
but are prone to deforming if they are overloaded.
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Roller Bearings
Roller bearings are designed to carry heavy loadsthe
primary roller is a cylinder, which means the load is
distributed over a larger area, enabling the bearing to
handle larger amounts of weight. This structure, however,
means the bearing can handle primarily radial loads, but is
not suited to thrust loads. For applications where space is
an issue, a needle bearing can be used. Needle bearings
work with small diameter cylinders, so they are easier to
fit in smaller applications.
Ball Thrust Bearings
These kinds of bearings are designed to handle almost
exclusively thrust loads in low-speed low-weight
applications. Bar stools, for example, make use of ball
thrust bearings to support the seat.
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fig
double
row
angular
fig)
row angular
contact
ball
bearings
contact
ball
bearings
fig)
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fig)
Bearing failures
Every bearing which is designed by the manufacturer and
selected by a user properly will work for its life. Any
deviation in the ideal condition to be maintained for the
bearing to work properly will lead to the premature failure
of the bearing.
When a bearing fails it is really important to identify the
real cause in order to make necessary adjustments and
select an alternate bearing to prevent the failure from
occurring again.
Let us now look into the various types of failure and their
causes. Though each failure seems to be similar to each
other. A detailed analysis is required to identify the real
cause.
1. Excessive Load: A bearing which is loaded
excessively, i.e. more than the rated capacity of the
bearing leads to spalling in the bearings. Some other
causes for the failure can be improper preloading of the
bearing and tight fits on the bearings can also lead to this.
Though this failure seems to look like it has occurred due
to normal fatigue, the duration for this appearance will be
very much shorter than the actual life time decided for the
bearing. The only solution to overcome this problem would
be to go in for a higher series of bearing.
2. Overheating: As the name suggests, the failure occurs
due to the excessive heating of the bearing. When the
bearing temperature operates around 400 Degree
Fahrenheit (200 Degrees Centigrade), it tends to anneal
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