SMART WAYS OF PRESERVING

FOOD
Preserved foods different kinds of
fruits, vegetables, meat and fish in
cans.
Food preservation prevents food
from spoiling
WHY ARE FOODS PRESERVED?
1. It will prevent food from
spoiling.
2. It provides steady supply of
foods that are reasonable.
3. It makes use of food that unless
preserved, will go to waste.
4. It will encourage food
production.
5. It increases family income.
SIMPLE WAYS OF PRESERVING
FOOD
1. Drying it is the simplest and
most natural method of
preserving food products. This is
done by applying salt on the
food and drying it under the
sun. Example: tuyo or daing
2. Salting this is done by
sprinkling salt and soaking food
in brine solution. Example:
bagoong
3. Sweetening preserving food
in sugar
a. Preserves are made by
cooking whole or large
pieces of fruits in heavy
syrup until it becomes
tender while maintaining the
shape of the fruit.
b. Jams made from the pulp
of well-mashed fruits in
sugar.
c. Jellies made from juices of
fruits cooked with sugar until

they are firm enough to hold

shape.
d. Marmalade clear jelly with
suspended slices of fruits
and their rinds.
4. Freezing preserving food at
low temperature.
5. Smoking putting fresh fish in
rattan and bamboo trays and
cooking them by steam and
smoke.
GUIDELINES IN FOOD
PRESERVATION
1. Prepare all ingredients and
utensils before starting the
process of food preservation.
2. Always use fresh and good
quality foods.
3. Follow recipes carefully.
4. Measure ingredients accurately.
5. Safety measures should be
observed while in the kitchen.
UTENSILS USED IN FOOD
PRESERVATION
1. Carajay
2. Sterilized bottles
3. Strainer
4. Mixing bowls
5. Spoon and fork
6. Saucepan
7. Measuring spoons
8. Tongs
9. Grater
10.Measuring cup

GROWING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

Ornamental plants grown for
decorative purposes
CLASSIFICATION OF ORNAMENTAL
PLANTS:
1. Flowering
2. Non-flowering
IMPORTANCE OF ORNAMENTAL
PLANTS:
1. They give cooling effect to the
house.
2. They are used to make
perfumes, medicine and dye.
3. They can be a source of income.
CLASSIFICATION OF ORNAMENTAL
PLANTS
1. Seed structure
a. Flowering plants produce
seeds which are enclosed
in fruits
i.
Monocotyledon
only have one
cotyledon or seed leaf.
ii.
Dicotyledon have
two cotyledons or
seed leaves.
b. Non-flowering plants bear
seed without fruits.
2. Life span
a. Annual plants less than
one year
b. Biennial plants more
than one year but less than
two years.
c. Perennial plants more
than two years.
3. Habitat
a. Desert plants do not
need much water
b. Forest or Land plants
grow in the yard or in the

forest. Needs enough space

to further grow.
c. Aerial plants love to grow
on branches and trunk of
trees.
4. Physical properties
a. Herbs plants with soft
stems
b. Shrubs or bushes woody
plant with two or more
stems.
c. Vines plants that cannot
maintain an upright growing
position and creep along the
ground.
d. Trees plant with large and
woody stem.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
GROWING ORNAMENTAL
PLANTS:
1. Selection of the garden
site slightly sloping site is
ideal
2. Types of soil balanced
soil with high pH level
3. Selection of ornamental
plants
a. Exotic varieties
begonies, gesneriads,
hoyas and passion
flowers.
b. Aspidistra broad
leaves of deep green hue
c. Lady fern popular
since Victorian era
d. Necklace fern most
suitable for rock garden
e. Japanese-painted fern
good choice for cooler
zones
f. Cleopatra begonia
star-shaped leaves
g. Metal-leaf begonia
leaves of flower look
metallic

h. English ivy requires

well-drained soil with
certain amount of light
shade
4. Preparation of land soil
must be crushed into fine tilt
5. Air and sunlight
important factors that
determine wellness of
ornamental plants
6. Indoor plant care indoor
plants do not require too
much care
7. Temperature common
temperature for indoor
plants is 65 to 75F in
daytime and 60 to 65F at
night
8. Light indoor plants thrive
for shade or indirect sunlight
9. Humidity less moisture in
the air can make the plant
dry
10.
Fertilizers buy a
balanced fertilizer and use it
less frequently
11.
Watering indoor plants
enjoy a good soaking of their
soil
12.
Tools and equipment
its a must to provide
yourself with needed tools
and equipment in your
garden
13.
Securing and handling
ornamental plants
a. Look for sources of
planting materials
b. Choose a cool weather
in transporting your
plants
c. Select healthy plants
14.
Good drainage
needed to prevent plants
from drowning

15.
Climate the most
important factor affecting
the growth of ornamental
plants.
SOME BASIC TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT
1. SHOVEL for digging
2. GARDEN HOE for weeding
and cultivating soil
3. BOW RAKE for levelling
soil
4. SPADING FORK needed to
open and improve soil
5. DULL BOLO common in
the Philippines
6. SHARP BOLO used to cut
grass and small branches
7. GARDEN SHEARS - used to
shape branches
8. GARDEN HOSE used to
water your garden
9. SPRINKLER CAN essential
for water can
10.
HAND SPRAYER for
spraying
11.
SPADE like a shovel but
square end point
12.
CARTS AND
WHEELBARROWS used to
transfer some gardening
tools
13.
GARDEN PRUNER cut
back longer plants
14.
GARDEN TROWEL
used for weeding and
cultivation
15.
CONTAINERS suitable
for growing wide variety of
crops.
METHODS OF PLANTING
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS:
1. Foundation planting
beautifies ugly spots or

framework or breaking the

monotony of high and broad
concrete walls or fences
2. Group planting planting
ornamental herbs, shrubs, and
trees in groups within a
particular area
3. Border planting used for
separating or dividing different
areas of the garden.
4. Planting bed anthodium is
grown on specially preparedraised beds
PLANT PROPAGATION METHODS

1. Cutting easiest and simplest

where new plants are produced
and multiplied by cutting
2. Layering involves use of
roots as propagative material by
twisting it up to become
another plant
3. Grafting a desirable scions
top portion is joined or inserted
into the rootstock in order to
unite them permanently
4. Marcotting one of oldest
methods, done by inducing the
stem to develop roots while still
growing on the mother plant.