HSE/LS-04: Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE)

A part of 30Hrs Lab Safety Training

HSE Department
The Petroleum Institute

HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 1

The Petroleum Institute

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30-hr Lab Safety Training

HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment

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Learning Objective

Slide 2

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Attendees will be able to:

Understand importance of PPE

Know how to select and use PPE

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Slide 3

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Effect of Precedence/Hierarchy on Risk Reduction

Slide 4

Design and Engineering reduces severity (S) and/or probability (P)

Safety Devices reduces S and/or P

Passive devices (engineered systems: ex. relief valves, airbags, interlocks)
Active devices (not as effective as passive devices: ex. guards, shields. PPE could
be considered under this category)

Warning Devices reduces P

Procedures and Training reduces P

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) reduces S

Insurance risk transfer Reduces S

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Slide 5

Personal Protective equipment

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Lab Coat

The need for PPE is dependent upon the type of operations and the nature and quantity
of the materials in use, and must be assessed on a case by case basis.

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Workers who rely on PPE must understand the functioning, proper use, and limitations
of the PPE used.

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 6

Types of Eye Protection

Glass eye shield

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Plastic /
Polycarbonate eye
shield

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Shielded safety
glasses
Goggles

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Full face shields

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Slide 7

Glass
Glass lenses provide good scratch
resistance

They can withstand chemical

exposure
They can accommodate a large
number of prescriptions

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Slide 8

Plastic and polycarbonate

Light weight

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Protect against welding splatter

Less likely to fog up

Not very scratch resistant
Will not accommodate
prescriptions

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 9

Should safety glasses be shielded ?

Shielding provides better protection

from flying debris

It provides protection against chemicals

which may be suspended in the air

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Slide 10

Goggles
Goggles provide greater
protection from splashes, liquids
and dusts than shielded safety
glasses
They should fit tightly against
your face

They provide the best protection

against liquid pesticides and
other toxic chemicals

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Slide 11

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Understand the functioning, proper use, and limitations of the
PPE used.

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Chemical-Resistant Goggles resist mild acids, caustics, aromatic hydrocarbons and
methylene chloride

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http://www.labsafety.com/oberon-chemical-resistant-goggles-clear_s_6636/#mainProductBottom

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 12

Face shields Vs goggles

Face shields are used where you have
a very high chance of exposure to an
airborne substance

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A face shield is not enough

to protect your eyes by
itself; It should be worn
with approved safety
glasses

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Slide 13

ANSI Z-87 or EN 166

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All glasses must meet the minimum standards set forth by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Approved lenses are marked by the manufacturer

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Z87 / EN 166 will be on all other major components

Markings on the Frame
a) Standard marking ex. "EN166 or Z87.1
b) code number or series of numbers to represent
the correct application of goggles and face
shields (regular vision spectacles do not carry
a symbol)
c) a letter to represent its resistance to highspeed particles

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Slide 14

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 15

Example: EN166-34 F

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Symbol Meaning

Examples of University Application

None

BASIC USE

Used when protecting against low-level hazard (e.g.

harmful/irritant substances) and general mechanical
hazards. With correct filters, protects against radiation
hazards such as UV, IR and solar radiation.

Protects against liquid droplets and/or splashes.

Equivalent to former BS 2092 C.

Used for laboratory work with corrosive and toxic liquids.

Usually has indirect ventilation.

Protects against large dust particles i.e. >5

Equivalent to former BS 2092 D.
Protects against toxic and corrosive gases, vapors,
sprays, smoke and dusts <5 . Equivalent to former
BS 2092 G.
Protects against short-circuit in electrical
equipment. No former BS equivalent.

Used for general work in workshops. Usually has indirect or

no ventilation.
Has no ventilation and lens may mist up. Will also carry the
3 and 4 code numbers.

Protects against splashes of molten metals and

penetration of hot solids. Equivalent to former BS
2092 M.

Required when foundry work is being carried out.

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Letter

Meaning

Comments

Low-energy impact

Can be applied to all types of eye protection. Equivalent to former BS

2092 2 and recommended for use in workshops.

Medium-energy impact

Applied to either goggles or face shields. Equivalent to former BS 2092

1.

High-energy impact

Applied only to specialized face shields. No former BS 2092 equivalent.

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Slide 16

Foot Protection- Closed shoes

Wear closed-toed, non-fabric footwear while working in
laboratories! Wearing sandals, flip-flops, canvas tennis shoes or
similar footwear in labs can contribute to painful, debilitating
injuries when accidents occur.

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Slide 17

Glove Selection And Use

dermatitis or inflammation of the skin
accounts for 40-45% of all work-related
diseases
Chemical cause skin irritation or burns
Some exposure to blood stream by
absorption
Eg Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),
nitrobenzene, and many other organic
solvents

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 18

When Should Gloves

Be Worn
when handling hazardous materials,
chemicals of unknown toxicity,

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corrosive materials, rough or sharp-edged objects,

very hot or very cold materials

When handling chemicals in a laboratory, disposable latex, vinyl or nitrile

examination gloves are usually appropriate for most circumstances.

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chemicals with high acute toxicity,

working with corrosives in high concentrations,
handling chemicals for extended periods of time or immersing all or part of
a hand into a chemical,
the appropriate glove material should be selected, based on

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chemical compatibility.

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Slide 19

Selecting the Appropriate Glove Material

When selecting the appropriate glove, the following characteristics should be

considered:

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degradation rating
breakthrough time
permeation rate

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Slide 20

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Degradation is the change in one or more of the physical properties of a
glove caused by contact with a chemical.

hardening, stiffening, swelling, shrinking or cracking of the glove.

When looking at a chemical compatibility chart, degradation is usually

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reported as E (excellent), G (good), F (fair), P (poor), NR (not

recommended) or NT (not tested).

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Breakthrough time is the elapsed time between the initial contact of the
test chemical on the surface of the glove and the analytical detection of the
chemical on the inside of the glove.

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 21

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Permeation rate
Test chemical passes through the glove material once breakthrough has

occurred and equilibrium is reached.

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Permeation involves absorption of the chemical on the surface of the glove,

diffusion through the glove, and desorption of the chemical on the inside of the
glove.
Permeation rate is usually reported as E (excellent), G (good), F (fair), P (poor)

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or NR (not recommended).
If chemical breakthrough does not occur, then permeation rate is not measured
and is reported ND (none detected).

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Choosing Glove Material

Slide 22

Chemical Compatibility
Glove Material: NITRILE
Degradation
Breakthrough Time

Challenge Chemical
Isopropanol

>480 min.

Permeation Rate
E

Some examples
Glove Material
Butyl

Applications
A synthetic rubber material that offers the highest permeation resistance to gas and water
vapors. Especially suited for use with esters and ketones.
A synthetic rubber material that provides excellent tensile strength and heat resistance.
Neoprene is compatible with some acids and caustics. It has moderate abrasion resistance.

Neoprene

Nitrile

PVC
(polyvinyl chloride)
PVA
(polyvinyl alcohol)
Viton

SilverShield/4H

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A synthetic rubber material that offers chemical and abrasion resistance-a very good
general-duty glove. Nitrile also provides protection from oils, greases, petroleum products
and some acids and caustics.
A synthetic thermoplastic polymer that provides excellent resistance to most acids, fats
and petroleum hydrocarbons. Good abrasion resistance.
A water-soluble synthetic material that is highly impermeable to gases. Excellent chemical
resistance to aromatic and chlorinated solvents. This glove cannot be used in water or
water-based solutions.
A fluoroelastomer material that provides exceptional chemical resistance to chlorinated
and aromatic solvents. Viton is very flexible, but has minimal resistance to cuts and
abrasions.
A lightweight, flexible laminated material that resists permeation from a wide range of
toxic and hazardous chemicals. It offers the highest level of overall chemical resistance,
but has virtually no cut resistance.

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Case Study

Slide 23
Name
Karen Wetterhahn

Year

University

1997 Dartmouth College,

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Reason
Dimethylmercury dribbled onto her
gloved hand during a routine
transfer .Ten months later died of
mercury poisoning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen
_Wetterhahn

Karen Wetterhahn (October 16, 1948June 8, 1997) was a well-known professor of

chemistry at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, who specialized in toxic metal
exposure. She made national headlines when mercury poisoning claimed her life at
the age of 48 due to accidental exposure to the organic mercury compound
dimethylmercury (Hg(CH3)2).
Wetterhahn, a specialist in toxic metals, was accidentally poisoned in her lab by a few drops of the toxic, colorless
compound, which penetrated her protective glove; Dimethylmercury is a synthetic compound used almost exclusively as a
reference standard in a particular type of specialized chemical analysis. Wetterhahn was investigating the toxic properties
of another highly toxic heavy metal, cadmium, and was using dimethylmercury as a point of reference.
The accidental spill occurred on August 14, 1996 but symptoms of her mercury poisoning were not detected until six
months later, at which time the poisoning was irreversible. Wetterhahn suddenly became very ill in January of 1997 and
was hospitalized; she then went into a coma which lasted until she died in June.

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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HSE/LS-04: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Slide 24

Where to Find Compatibility Information

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Fisher Scientific -

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http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/cmstatic?storeId=10652&ddkey=http:productsdetail

Lab Safety Supply - http://www.labsafety.com/

Best Gloves - http://www.showa-europe.com/en/m/415-laboratory-pharma.php

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Slide 25

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Video Lab Safety

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cr7roogzM8c

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Slide 26

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Presentation by:
Team HSE
The Petroleum Institute

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HSE/LS-04-PPE Handouts

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