Threads

- Buttress thread can bear unidirectional load

- One complete turn of a single start thread moves the bolt 1 further
- Tapering of a tapered pin is 1:48
- Unified Thread (BS) is marked with ( ooo )
- A heli-coil insert fits tightly to the hole
- A205 (BS) is a pan head screw
- Lockwire is set at 45 degrees to the fastener
- With a pre-load indicating washer (PLI) a bolt
can be tightened to a pre-determined torque
Rivets
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L36 aluminum BS rivet has black anodic color with ( I ) marking

All rivets come pre-lubricated by the manufacturer
Monel rivets are used for nickel alloy sheet fastening
Rivet pitch depends on rivet diameter
The rivet head marking indicates the rivet material type
MS 20470 4-4 is used for fastening 2 x 0.032 material
Piping
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Flares are not used with rigid heavy load tubes

High pressure hoses have smooth surface finish
Flexible hoses are measured from the outermost part of the nipple
3/32 is the minimum clearance between the piping
Wood

The moisture nominal in wood structures is around 12%

Sealing of wood is critical
Casein adhesive tracks must be scraped off completely before new adhesive is
applied
Phenol-formaldehyde resin cannot be used for structural wood repair
Spacing between two splices or between a splice and a reinforcing palte should be
no less than 3 times the length of the longer splice
Sample joint destructive testing is carried out after actual joint adhesion
Fabric

Inspection rings are installed only on the bottom wing part unless installed on the
top by the manufacturer
Drain holes should be cut only with small blade knives
Polyester cover lasts around 20-30 years
All overlapped and doped seams shall be made only over underlying support
structures extending backing the full width of the seam
Polyester is the most lightweight cloth
Springs

Belleville springs are cone washer springs with short axial length
Overheating ruins the spring
Special rig test is used for spring testing
Spring index is the ratio of mean coil diameter to wire diameter C=D/d
Bearings

Spherical roller bearings resist high radial and moderate axial loads
Thrust bearings resist axial loads only
Thrust bearings cannot be used high speed rotational loads
Control cables use sealed bearings
Needle bearings resist high radial loads
Tapered roller bearings are used in wheel hubs
Transmissions

Planetary gears align input and output shafts

A pattern determines the mating of gears
Lash and pattern are crucial for correct gear operation
No load pattern is ideally in the middle
The smaller gear tooth end is called toe:
Control cables

Cable direction change is obtained with pulleys

Control cables are cut only with chisel, anvil and hammer

Electrical cables and connections

-

AWG AL6 is the smallest aluminum wire gauge in use

A stone key is used for correct mating of plugs and sockets
Design number is never put on the back shell
Wires are bundled together according to function
Back shell is put to ensure a good connection
Crimping socket to wire distance is 1/16