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Sugar - Fluid Flow Velocities

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Wed, 28 January 2015

Guidelines for the acceptable ranges of flow velocity for various fluids found
in a sugar factory
Goodall
Velocity [m/s]
Water for space heating

Water for boiler feed

Saturated steam

30

50

Superheated steam

50

100

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Raw
/lb

15.17

Hugot
Velocity [m/s]
Superheated steam

40

76

Saturated steam

24

37

Exhaust (wet/oily)

31

46

Bled vapour

37

49

Vapour under vacuum

46

76

Water

1.25

Juice

1.2

Syrup

0.5

Molasses

0.25

0.5

Massecuites

0.1

0.2

Water

1.25

2.5

Juice

1.2

Syrup

0.75

1.25

Molasses

0.5

0.75

Massecuites

0.15

0.3

Suction

Delivery

Lyle
Velocity [m/s]

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http://www.sugartech.co.za/piping/fluidflow/

Water

1.22

2.44

Superheated steam

46

61

Dry saturated steam

31

40

Wet exhaust steam

21

31

Moderate vacuum water vapour

46

61

High vacuum water vapour

61

107

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Velocity [m/s]
High pressure steam

41

61

Low pressure steam

61

76

Water general

2.54

3.81

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Maximal velocity in pipes
Water
m/s

ft/s

Tap water (low noise)

0.5 0.7

1.6
-8.2

Tap water

1.0 2.5

3.3 8.2

Cooling water

1.5 2.5

4.9 8.2

Boiler feed water. suction

0.5 1.0

1.6 3.3

Boiler feed water. discharge

1.5 2.5

4.9 8.2

Condensate

1.0 2.0

3.3 6.5

Heating circulation

1.0 3.0

3.3 9.8

Steam

m/s
25 - 40

82 131

Saturated Steam. in special cases

- 60

- 197

Saturated Steam. medium and low


pressure

30-40

99 131

Saturated Steam. at peak load

- 50

- 164

Steam / Water emulsion

- 25

- 82

Suction lines for pumps

m/s
- 0.5

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ft/s

Saturated Steam. high pressure

Oil

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ft/s
-1.6

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http://www.sugartech.co.za/piping/fluidflow/

Suction lines for pump (low


pressure)

0.1 0.2

0.3 0.65

Discharge line for booster pump

1.0 2.0

3.3 6.5

Discharge line for burner pump

- 1.0

- 3.3

Air

m/s

ft/s

Combustion air ducts

12 - 20

40 66

Air inlet to boiler room

1-3

3.3 9.8

Warm air for house heating

0.8 1.0

2.6 3.3

Vacuum cleaning pipe

8 - 15

26 49

Compressed air pipe

20 30

66 98

Ventilation ducts (hospitals)

1.8 - 4

5.9 13

Ventilation ducts (office buildings)

2.0 4.5

6.5 15

Exhaust gas

m/s

ft/s

Ducts at minimum load

- 4.0

- 13

Stack at minimum load

- 5.0

- 16

Boiler with one-step burner (on off)

5.0 8.0

16 - 26

Boiler with two-step burner (high low)

10 - 15 31 - 49

Boiler with modulating burner (3:1)

15 - 25

49 82

To keep the surface free from soot


the velocity should always exceed

3.0 4.0

9.8 13

It is recommended that the maximum inlet


velocities applied to control valves should be
as shown in the tables below.
Gate Valve Size
Liquid
Steam or Gas
mm

m/s ft/s

m/s

ft/s

15 - 25

30

120

400

40 - 50

7.5

25

90

300

65 - 100

20

75

250

150 - 200

20

70

225

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http://www.sugartech.co.za/piping/fluidflow/

250 - 400

4.5

15

Angle Valves Size

Liquid

mm

m/s ft/s

55

175

Steam or Gas
m/s

ft/s

15 - 25

13.5 45

135

450

40 - 50

12

105

350

65 - 100

10.5 35

90

300

150 - 200

30

85

275

250 - 400

7.5

25

70

225

40

References
Goodall, Efficient Use of Steam, pg 192 Table 9.5
Hugot, Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering, pg 1058 Table 47.6 and
pg 1123 Table 45.2
Lyle, Efficient Use of Steam, pg 132 Table XXVII
Babcock & Wilcox, Steam: Its Generation and Usage
http://www.steamesteem.com/index.html?tables

28/01/2015 3:28 PM

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