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Pile design
REAL
IDEALIZED
F [kN]
~0.02D
Total
Total
Tip resistance
s
[cm]
~0.1D
s [cm]
Shaft resistance
Tip resistance
Shaft resistance
q-z curve:
describes the relationship of
base resistance & displacement
~0.02D
consequently
o the mobilized base resistance is a
function of settlement
o the ultimate bas resistance develops at
a certain settlement
Total
t-z curve:
describes the relationship of
shaft resistance & displacement
~0.1D
s [cm]
Tip resistance
Shaft resistance
consequently
o the mobilized shaft resistance is a
function of settlement
o the ultimate shaft resistance develops at
a certain settlement
BASE RESISTANCE
q-z curve
Unit base resistance
qsmax
qbmax
D**
D*
D*
0.0150.03 D
0.010.015 D
D**
~0.1 D
~0.05 D
Pile design
> Settlement of pile groups
Pile design
> Settlement of pile groups
R
Stotal =
Ssingle + Sgroup
H
p
B
ES
m0
Sgroup = pm0/2Es
FRICTION PILES
at least 2/3 of total
capacity is provided by
shaft resistance;
Spacing
displacement piles: t 3D
replacement piles:
t 2.5D
recommended maximum
distance: 5D
Fgroup = n Fpile
The bearing capacity of
underlying weaker
layers must be checked.
t 3D
recommended maximum
distance: 5D
Pile design
> Piled raft
BUT
Mobilizing this resistance requires
(unacceptably) large deformation
(settlements)
SO
Piles are used as settlement
reducers (they take only a certain
part of the load)
OPTIMAZITAION IS NEEDED
Short pile
(L/R < 2)
EI
R
kh
0.25
Long pile
(L/R > 4)
Fixed head
Cohesive soils:
Cohesionless soils:
Cohesionless soils:
Linear behaviour
Subgrade reaction
kh= p/y
Representative values of kh (after Analysis and design od
shallow and deep foundation, 2006. Reese et al.)
Soil type
kh [MN/m3]
~135
~270
~540
~5.4
~16.3
~34
~6.8
~24.4
~61
x
k x kh
L
where
kx
kh
x
L
n
0.
Superstructure
Footing
beam
Pile foundations
Mid-term questions
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