BOOK of Wind Generator Patent Drawings

This brochure
High power means intercepting wind P2

Technical innovations P3
Turnkey option P4
CRITICAL NEEDS
With the critical need for
alternative
energy,
FTC
Energy is moving quickly to
provide our technology in a
larger, more powerful form.
FTC Energy is bringing clean, high

power vertical axis wind turbines within
the reach of everyone.
Low noise
Virtually zero vibration
Broad, stable platforms
No cut off speed limitations
Only fully UL-rated turbines
Do not affect birds or other wildlife
Have no gears, belts, or pulleys
Direct DC voltage output with a wide range of
available voltages
Zero Cogging, Patent Applied-For Neodymium
Generators
BROADER SOLUTIONS
The world is full of platforms, buildings, hills, and
plains where wind energy is
plentiful. Each location requires its own solution a
solution that FTC Energy
turbines can serve.
Our engineers have developed and continue to develop daily innovative
solutions to solve these
challenges.
We are also collaborating
with the some of the most
technically advanced engineering firms in the world.
The Strength of an Arch

The Power of the Wind
To extract
power from
the wind, you
must
intercept the
wind.
FTC Energy has a simple
philosophy: You must
intercept the wind to
make wind power. We
believe that relying on
three propellers to
somehow couple with
the wind is not going to
work.
Physical Dimensions Can Be Changed

To Match the Location
Virtually every location our turbines go has a different wind
profile. Our engineers recognized this and came up with a
design that can be modified.
The vertical pole under the
turbine can be adjusted vertically to position the turbine in

the best wind stream. Because some locations have lower
winds than others, we often need to make the size of the

wind directors larger.
Making wind directors larger means a greater side load on
the assembly.
To solve this issue, we went back to a
architectural shape that has been used for thousands of

years the arch.
This arch redirects the side loading
downwards. We can change this shape to match the need

while intercepting maximum wind energy.
Our wind tunnel tests

show that you need to
guide a large amount of
wind into a blade
assembly that forces the
wind to turn it. Turning
the blade assembly
forcefully causes torque
and torque is the real
power. Allowing the wind
to slip by or through is
energy lost regardless
of how fast the blade
turns.
We have spent years
designing and perfecting
complex wind directors
(stators) that funnel wind
easily and smoothly into
our turbines. We do not
want even a whisper of
wind to escape our
turbines.
Power Curves
700000
250 KW, 649,251
600000
Watts
500000
400000
300000
100 KW, 259,701
200000
100000
0
1
50 KW, 129,850
25 KW, 64,925
MPH, 33
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33
Complex Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Analysis
FTC Energys
Unique Blade
Shape
One of the secrets of
the FTC Energy turbine
is the unique, patent
pending blade shape.
The shape was
developed in our own
wind tunnel. It uses a
complex lift/drag
system to capture fluid
motion better than any
design weve ever
tested.
Multiple DC Voltage Options
For example, our 250 KW generator can be configured

to produce from 7,000 volts to 30 volts.
Correspondingly, the current can be configured from 40
amperes to over 9,000 amperes. Our generators can
also produce multiple separate voltages.
The generators are fully potted with UL-approved
potting compound to seal them from external issues.
Dome Option
The FTC Energy Super Class vertical axis wind
turbine can have the power it generates enhanced
by adding a dome underneath the turbine assembly.
This dome causes more wind to flow up into the
turbine and, thus, allows more wind energy to be
harvested.
The dome also allows for storage, monitoring
equipment, or a broad range of additional uses.
Power Range 25 KW to 250 KW

o Units are fully spec-ed for the customer to ensure
the system does exactly what the customer needs
o All components (turbine, inverters, columns, base,
etc.) are supplied as a single package
o Customer is supplied all documentation,
engineering data, blueprints, etc.
o We handle all matters necessary to get local
approval of the installation
o We handle the entire installation process
o Licensed electricians connect the system to the
local grid
o FTC Energy personnel test and verify the system
on site
o Customer is supplied with Internet-based real time
monitoring equipment
o We provide complete on-site maintenance, if
needed
o FTC Energy monitors the site continuously to
ensure performance
FTC Energy, Inc.

P.O. Box 730955
Ormond Beach, FL 32173
386.446.9300
Ftcenergy.com
Copyright 2011, FTC Energy, Inc. All Rights Reserved
All figures, charts, and any other data are a guide only. Your results will vary.
Wind Generator
Savonius Type 12V 200 Watt
http://www.energybook.co.uk
http://www.wxtrade.com
http://www.onetoremember.co.uk
Savonius Type 200 Watt 12V Wind Generator
Introduction
About the publisher
Richard Jemmetts keen interest in the generation and use of energy has helped to
shape his formal career and provide an incentive to write on the subject. He
graduated from the University of Leeds in 1980 with a degree in fuel and energy
engineering and has held various positions within energy and consultancy companies
working in the UK, Europe the Middle East and Asia. He is a Board Director of two
energy related companies and a past president of the Institution of Gas engineers
and Managers
He has written many articles, essays, and conference presentations on utility industry
strategy, energy industry development, energy market deregulation, renewable
energy, distributed generation and high reliability organisational design.
This ebook and other similar documents can be found at the onetoremember online
bookshop
Your online bookshop for rare, used and new books

Ecology, environment, sustainable living and renewable energy
onetoremember is a family owned business based in Bracknell Berkshire
committed to making small changes towards meeting the big challenge of
sustainable living.
www.onetoremember.co.uk
Disclaimer
The information supplies in this publication has been supplied in all good faith and
believed to be correct. However no liability will be accepted for any accident, damage
or injury caused as a result, or arising from the use of information form this
publication.

Introduction to the Savonius wind turbine
Wind units can be divided into two major types, horizontal axis and vertical axis machines.
Horizontal machines some times known as HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines) are the
traditional conventional design, they consist of a rotor with one to twenty blades driving a
generator or a pump either directly or through a gearbox, chain or belt system. A tail vane or
fantail is required to direct the machine into the wind.
They are usually more efficient than vertical axis units known as VAWT (Vertical Axis
Wind Turbines). Savonius and Darius are two designs of vertical axis machines. This
type of unit is often not situated on a tower and does not have to be directed into the
wind. Materials and construction are usually cheaper than horizontal axis machines.
The Savonius windmill was the brainchild of Sigrid Savonius of Finland. The racing
driver of the 1930s said the secret of a good machine was to "add lightness and
simplicate". A simple unit can be made by attaching two halves of vertically split oil
barrel to a vertical axis this produces a low speed high torque unit that can be used
for pumping water and through a gearing mechanism, generating electricity. This
design also has the advantage of an aerodynamic effect called the "magnus
principal, suction is formed by the air moving over the convex face of the rotor. This
means that there is force acting on the face of the rotor pulling it into the wind.
The most ubiquitous application of the Savonius wind turbine is the Flettner Ventilator
which is commonly seen on the roofs of vans and buses and is used as a cooling
device. The ventilator was developed by the German aircraft engineer Anton Flettner
in the 1920s. It uses the Savonius wind turbine to drive an extractor fan. The vents
are still manufactured in the UK by Flettner Ventilator Limited.
Small Savonius wind turbines are sometimes seen used as advertising signs where
the rotation helps to draw attention to the item advertised.
About these plans

This plan was developed to make use a car alternator maybe not the best generator but
certainly widely available. The plan was originally written Peter Hanbury in the 1970s with the
rights for reproduction bought by Richard Jemmett (then Jemmett Engineering) in the 1980s.
Since then many hundreds have been sold and successfully built. The plan is in its original
form and may be a little difficult to read but if you have any difficulties after printing please
email me plans@onetoremember.co.uk
Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator
NOTICE
The information contained in this guide has been given in good faith and
is believed to be accurate at the time of writing. Whilst every effort has
been made to obtain the correct information, no liability can be accepted
for any information that is incorrect or misleading.
Website links
Energybook and associated websites
A great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of
information on renewable energy and sustainable living
The energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and
sustainable living products for free. Hundreds of great products.
http://www.ometoremember.co.uk
Web based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable
energy books.
Wind energy associations

ANEV - associazione nazionale energia del vento (I)
AWEA - American Wind Energy Association (USA)
APPA - Asociacin de Productores de Energas Renovables (ES)
Austrian Wind Energy Association (A)
AUSWEA - Australian Wind Energy Association (AUS)
BWE - Bundesverband Wind Energie e.V., German Wind Energy Association (D)
BWEA - British Wind Energy Association (GB)
CANWEA - Canadian Wind Energy Association (CAN)
Les Compagnons d'Eole (B)
DV - Danmarks Vindmlleforening - Danish Wind Turbine Owners' Association (DK)
Dansk Selskab for Vindenergi (DK)
EOLE (CAN) (pour les francophones)
Estonian Wind Power Association (EST)
EWEA, European Wind Energy Association (EU)
Finnish Wind Power Association (FIN)
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
Vindkraftfreningen Finland, Finnish Wind Energy Association (Swedish language)
IWEA, Irish Wind Energy Association (IE)
New Zealand Wind Energy Association (NZ)
PEE - Plataforma Empresarial Elica (ES)
South African Wind Energy Association (ZA)
Suisse-Eole (CH)
Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables (FR)
Magazines and information services

Windpower Monthly Good international coverage of the wind business.
WindStats Newsletter Articles plus loads of statistics on wind energy production in many parts
of the world.
Wind Directions is the magazine of the European Wind Energy Association, published six
times a year, giving current developments and news on the wind energy industry in
Europe.
Windpower Monthly publishes news and critical analyses of key issues about wind power
and its markets. Includes The Windicator, the renowned page of market indicators, giving
a country by country breakdown of installed capacity.
New Review is the Quarterly Newsletter for the UK New and Renewable Energy Industry,
principally covering: wind, solar, biomass and hydro energy developments. Produced by
ETSU on behalf of the DTI.
WindStats Newsletter is a quarterly international wind energy publication with news,
reviews, wind turbine production and operating data from over 12,000 wind turbines, plus
much more.
Renewable Energy World accentuates the achievements and potential of all forms of
renewable energy sources and the technologies being developed to harness them. In this
on-line version there are full text selected articles, abstracts, back issue information, and
links to all of the other renewable energy information sources at James & James including
its international database of renewable energy suppliers and services.
Renew On-Line is an edited, text only, version of parts of the News sections of RENEW, the
journal of NATTA, the independent national UK Network for Alternative Technology and
Technology Assessment. Members include the Energy and Environment Research Unit
(EERU) and the Open University.
CADDET provides international information on renewable energy on full-scale commercial
projects which are operating in the member countries, currently Australia, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United
States and the European Commission (DGXVII - Energy). The CADDET programme covers
the full range of renewable energy technologies.
EuroREX (European Renewable Energy Exchange) is an on-line commercial information
service and newsletter created by a network of energy experts from 30 European
countries. Its aim is to provide up-to-date information on renewables directly from
professionals working in the field. European Renewable Energy exchange
Solstice is the Internet information service of the Renewable Energy Policy Project and the
Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (REPP-CREST). Sustainable
energy and development information as well as renewable energy, energy efficiency and
sustainable living
World-wide Information System for Renewable Energy (WIRE).
Wind Engineering. A bi-monthly journal which publishes technical papers on all aspects of
wind energy systems.
Places to visit in the United Kingdom

The Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales is an educational charity striving to achieve
the best cooperation between the natural, technological and human worlds. CAT tests, lives
with and displays strategies and tools for doing this. CAT has it's own wind turbine as part of
their work for a sustainable future.
The EcoTech Centre at Swaffham in Norfolk is an educational charity which aims to stimulate
and inform people about the need for sustainable development. The Centre grounds include
organic gardens, a biomass power station and one of the largest wind turbines in the world.
The Earth Centre at Doncaster encompasses a range of environmental exhibitions and
activities. Tel 01709 512000 for further information.
The Gaia Energy Centre in Cornwall is a centre for the promotion of, and education about,
renewable and sustainable energy and energy conservation.
Many wind farms have visitor centres or opportunities to see the turbines at closer range.
Specific details can be found in our map of wind farms of the UK.
Scientific and research institutions

The Wind Turbine Research Group at Cranfield Universtity.
Institute for Wind Energy at Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands.
National Wind Technology Center at The National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The U.S.
Department of Energy's premier laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency
research, development and deployment.
Risoe National Laboratory Wind Energy and Atmospheric Physics department.The research
of the department aims develop new opportunities for industry and society in the exploitation
of wind power and to map and alleviate atmospheric aspects of environmental problems in
collaboration with the National Environmental Research Institute.
The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN is the leading institute for energy
research in the Netherlands. Research is carried out under contract from the government and
from national and foreign organisations and industries. ECN's activities are concentrated in
six priority areas: solar energy, wind energy, biomass, clean fossil, energy efficiency, and
policy studies.
Wind Energy Technology at Sandia National Laboratories. Applied research in aerodynamics,
structural dynamics, fatigue, materials, manufacturing, controls, and systems integration to
understand unsolved technology problems and to provide better design tools. New efforts
investigate how rare atmospheric events can impact wind turbine long-term structural integrity
and how advanced data handling techniques can be successfully applied to the difficult field
environment of operating wind turbines.
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) - science and technology solutions for the global
energy industry.
General wind power links

www.countryguardian.net
Country Guardian is a UK conservation group focused on the environmental damage caused
by commercial windfarms in areas of national or local landscape value. It is not opposed to
wind energy as such, but in practice almost all onshore sites which are windy enough are
environmentally sensitive.
www.cefncroes.org.uk
Cefn Croes Wind Farm Campaign - An American backed company, the Renewable
Development Company (RDC), wishes to build Britains largest wind power station yet in the
heart of Mid Wales. RDC proposes to build 39 enormous turbines on Cefn Croes, a wild
expanse of upland above the villages of Cymystwyth.
www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf10.htm
Renewable Energy and Electricity - good article on the alternatives to fossil fuels in electricity
generation - Technology to utilise the forces of nature for doing work to supply human needs
is as old as the first sailing ship. There is a fundamental attractiveness about harnessing such
forces in an age which is very conscious of the environmental effects of burning fossil fuels.
www.cprw.org.uk/press/pressind.htm
Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Index of Press Notices - Includes several press
notices on the subject of wind turbines in Wales.
www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/northhoyle.htm
National Wind Power (NWP) is proposing to develop a wind farm off the North Wales coast.
The proposed project, known as North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm (North Hoyle), is situated 45 miles off the coast between Prestatyn and Rhyl and will consist of 30 wind turbines with a
total installed capacity of between 60-90MW.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/wales/newsid_1432000/1432541.stm
Wind farm plans scrapped - Company withdraws its plans for 26 turbines - Controversial
plans for a 30m wind farm development on Denbigh Moors have been scrapped after rare
birds were found on the site.
www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk
With the first offshore wind turbines in the UK already generating electricity at ~5p per unit,
the further development of the offshore wind industry is an exciting prospect, and one which
will see significant growth over the next decade.
www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~mikes/norfolk/wind/
Norfolk wind turbines - A total of 853 turbines currently produce 405 megawatts of electricity
in the UK, enough to meet the needs of quarter of a million homes annually (BWEA). Norfolk
generates 5.25 megawatts (about 1.3% of total UK production, versus about 1.2% of UK
population.)
www.britishwindenergy.co.uk
British Wind Industry Association - With a membership of over 500, including more than 180
corporate members, generating an annual turnover of 1,000,000 ecus, the BWEA is uniquely
placed to consolidate and extend the wind energy industry in the UK.
www.windpower.org
Danish Wind Industry Association - read about Wind Energy - More than 100 animated pages
and calculators on wind resources, wind turbine technology, economics, and environmental
aspects of wind energy in the Guided Tour section.
www.indianwindpower.com
Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association - Power generation from wind has emerged
as one of the most successful programmes in the renewable energy sector, and has started
making meaningful contributions to the overall power requirements of some States.
news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/england/newsid_1777000/1777268.stm
Wind farm closed after blade snaps - The blade sits at the top of a 93-metre-high column. A
turbine propeller blade has folded in half at the UK's first electricity-generating offshore wind
farm, at Blyth, in Northumberland.
www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/wind.html
Introduction - Wind represents a vast source of energy which man has harnessed for over
2000 years. As the UK is the windiest country in Europe, wind power is one of the UK's most
promising renewable energy technologies and already provides electricity for nearly a quarter
of million homes.
www.natwindpower.co.uk/
As environmental protection and sustainable development are now top priorities world wide,
we all need to consider carefully how the energy that we consume should be produced.
www.cprw.org.uk/wind/windindc.htm
Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Wind Power Generation - CPRW's View: In the
process of encouraging renewable energy Government policies on wind power fail to provide
sufficient recognition of the the need to conserve the landscape and environment of rural
Wales.
www.scotland.gov.uk/news/2001/06/se1472.asp
Scottish Executive - UK'S FIRST WIND TURBINE FACTORY TO BE BUILT IN THE
HIGHLANDS - The UKs first wind turbine factory will be built in Scotland, Highlands and
Islands Minister, Alasdair Morrison announced today. The facility at Machrihanish, near
Campbeltown will create 124 direct jobs and 44 indirect for the local economy.
www.foe.co.uk/pubsinfo/infoteam/pressrel/2001/20010619115149.html
Friends Of the Earth welcomes UK's first wind turbine factory - 19 Jun 2001- 'Swords into
ploughshares' as military base becomes renewable energy plant - Friends of the Earth today
warmly welcomed the announcement by the Scottish Executive and Danish firm Vestas Wind
Systems of the UK's first commercial scale wind turbine plant.
www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4195427,00.html
MoD tries to veto wind farm sites - Trade department's expansion of renewable energy
undermined by its backing for RAF objections to onshore and offshore plants
www.cprw.org.uk/press/pn250102.htm
Cefn Croes Ceredigion: Conservation groups call for Public Inquiry into UK's biggest wind
power station. Today, six major conservation bodies, with a joint membership in Wales of
many thousands, sent a letter to The Rt. Hon. Patricia Hewitt MP, Secretary of State for Trade
and Industry protesting "in the strongest possible terms" about the declaration of the Energy
Secretary.
education.guardian.co.uk/higher/engineering/story/0,9840,653199,00.html
Cold blow - Wednesday February 20, 2002 - For some, they are blights on a glorious
landscape; for others, they mean clean energy and economic lifelines for rural communities.
John Vidal looks at the battle over windfarms in mid-Wales.
www.sustdev.org/energy/articles/energy/edition2/index.shtml
An Assessment of the Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds at Ten Windfarm Sites in the UK by
Ruth Thomas, University College London, UK
American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)
Since 1974, AWEA has advocated the development of wind energy as a reliable,
environmentally superior energy alternative in the United States and around the world.
AWEA's Green Power Factsheets provide answers to basic questions about Green Power,
including what it is, the rationale for purchasing it, and procedures for buying it.
Choosing a Home-Sized Wind Generator
The August/September 2002 issue of Home Power Magazine is a must-read for anyone
contemplating installing a wind generator. Home Power leads the reader through all the steps
necessary to arrive at the answer to this key question about wind systems: which one should
you choose. The entire 17-page article can be downloaded from Home Powers website.
Consumer's Guide to Renewable Energy in Arkansas
While intended for Arkansas residents and businesses, much of the information presented in
this publication also applies to residents in other states. Includes useful information on solar,
wind, and renewable fuels.
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is recognized as a world leader in creating
science and technology solutions for the energy industry and for the benefit of the public.
EPRI's technical program spans virtually every aspect of power generation, delivery, and use,
including environmental considerations. The organization serves more than 1,000 energy
organizations worldwide and draws on a global network of technical and business expertise to
help solve energy problems.
Energy Resources Research Laboratory (ERRL)
The ERRL at Oregon State University has managed the data collection, quality assurance,
and analysis for the Bonneville Power Administration's wind energy resource studies since
1978 and manages other data management activities for transmission line research. It
maintains a large data base of wind data for the Pacific Northwest. This web page
summarizes the wind statistics of the five Bonneville Power Administration's long-term wind
monitoring sites in the Pacific Northwest.
Guided Tour on Wind Energy
Switch to the UK flag for the English website. Want to know where wind energy comes from?
Want to learn about the Coriolis Force, global winds, geostrophic wind, wind speed
measurement, the wind rose, wind shear, and wind shade? Need to find a wind shade
calculator, information about wind turbine components, rotor blades, and wind energy
economics? Answers to all your questions about wind energy can be found at the Danish
Wind Turbine Manufacturers Associations Guided Tour on Wind Energy. The website
includes wind resource calculators and features more than 100 animated pages on wind
resources, wind turbine technology, and economics. Each of the nine tours is a self-contained
unit, so you may take the tours in any order.
Minnesotans for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ME3) website provides many pages of
wind energy information, including a wealth of links to utilities, research and other
organizations, wind industry companies, federal government resources and wind energy
publications and miscellaneous information.
Montana Wind Energy Atlas
The Montana Wind Energy Atlas is a comprehensive analysis of wind energy data available
as of 1987. Data collected by a variety of public and private organizations at 158 wind
monitoring sites around Montana were reviewed. Data from 56 sites are analyzed in the Atlas.
Information on the sites and the data collection programs is included. While more data have
been gathered since the Atlas was published, it remains the only publicly available collection
of data from numerous sites. These historical data should be useful for preliminary
identification of potential sites. The Atlas is available on line at the Montana Department of
Environmental Quality Energize Montana website.
National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC)
A U.S. consensus-based collaborative formed in 1994, NWCC identifies issues that affect the
use of wind power, establishes dialogue among key stakeholders, and catalyzes appropriate
activities to support the development of an environmentally, economically, and politically
sustainable commercial market for wind power. NWCC members include representatives from
electric utilities and support organizations, state legislatures, state utility commissions,
consumer advocacy offices, wind equipment suppliers and developers, green power
marketers, environmental organizations, and state and federal agencies.
Wind Energy Basics
Provides information about wind, including how wind turbines work, advantages and
disadvantages of its use, wind energy use throughout history, U.S. wind energy resource
potential, and current research and development.
Renewable Resource Data Center (RReDC)
Provides information on several types of renewable energy resources in the United States, in
the form of publications, data, and maps. An extensive dictionary of renewable energy related
terms is also provided. The News section announces new products on the RReDC, which is
supported by the U. S. Department of Energy's Resource Assessment Program and managed
by the Photovoltaics Technology Division of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy.
Small Wind Electric Systems A Montana Consumers Guide (PDF)
Learn about small wind systems and whether one is right for you in a this new booklet
published jointly by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Center for Appropriate
Technology, and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. The booklet includes a
wind resource map of Montana, an explanation of state incentives for installing a wind
system, and a list of contacts for more information.
Small Wind Electric Systems A U. S. Consumers Guide (PDF)
This guide provides basic information you need to answer those questions and to address the
many factors you need to consider to successfully install a small wind energy system and get
maximum production.
Small Wind Energy Systems for the Homeowner
This publication will help you decide whether a wind system is practical for you. It explains the
benefits, helps you assess your wind resource and possible sites, discusses legal and
environmental obstacles, and analyzes economic considerations such as pricing.
Small Wind System Slide Shows
Downloadable slide shows from the American Wind Energy Association.
Solar and Wind Easements
Montana's solar and wind easement provisions allow property owners to create solar and
wind easements for the purpose of protecting and maintaining proper access to sunlight and
wind. While 32 other states have solar easement provisions, only three other states have
created specific provisions for the creation of wind easements. Montana's solar easement law
was enacted in 1979 and the wind easement was enacted in 1983. For more information,
contact Tom Livers, Montana Department of Environmental Quality, at 406-444-6776.
Utility Wind Interest Group (UWIG)
A non-profit corporation whose mission is to accelerate the appropriate integration of wind
power for utility applications through the coordinated efforts and actions of its members, in
collaboration with public and private sector stakeholders. Membership is open to utilities and
other entities that have an interest in wind generation.
What Landowners Need to Know About Attracting Wind Energy Developers to Their
Land in North Dakota
Published by the University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, this brochure can help
Montanans faced with questions about developing wind resources on their land. It includes
partial lists of nonprofit wind energy contacts, websites, and with landowner information.
AWEA's Wind Directory
Search this directory to obtain wind energy services and equipment from companies who
have demonstrated a commitment to wind and renewable technology and adhere to AWEA's
code of business ethics.
Wind Energy Atlas
Estimates wind energy resource for the United States and its territories and indicates general
areas where a high wind resource may exist. This information is valuable to wind energy
developers and potential wind energy users because it allows them to choose a general area
of estimated high wind resource for more detailed examination. A siting document, such as
that written by Hiester and Pennell (1981), can assist a potential user in going from wind
resource assessment to site selection.
Wind Energy Finance Website
Operated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, this website allows users to
calculate online the cost of electricity generated by a wind system. The website lets users
create a new project on screen (or modify an existing project) by entering values for
numerous assumptions step-by-step until enough information has been entered to calculate
the project cost. Projects added or modified are stored convenience and are available the
next time a user logs in.
Wind Energy Potential in the United States
Estimates of the electricity that could potentially be generated by wind power and of the land
area available for wind energy have been calculated for the contiguous United States. The
estimates are based on published wind resource data and exclude windy lands that are not
suitable for development as a result of environmental and land-use considerations.
Wind Potential in the United States: U.S. Wind Maps
Maps showing the U.S. annual wind power resource, annual wind power resource in Alaska
and Hawaii and the percent of U.S. land area with an annual wind resource of Class 3 or
above.
Wind Powering America
A commitment to dramatically increase the use of wind energy in the United States. This
initiative works to establish new sources of income for American farmers, Native Americans,
and other rural landowners, and meet the growing demand for clean sources of electricity.
Website offers a host of useful information on topics such as wind resource assessment,
siting, transmission, economics, utility integration, project development, and policy issues.
Wind Power in Montana
Pages from a Wind Powering America publication that focus on Montana.
Wind Workshop Presentations On Line
Presentation from the Wind Powering Montana Workshop October 3, 2001, in Big Sky.
Translated from PowerPoint into viewable web pages.
Windustry
Focuses on economic development from wind energy, valuation of environmental benefits,
and distributed generation. Windustry promotes wind energy through outreach, educational
materials, and technical assistance to rural landowners, local communities and utilities, and
state, regional, and non-profit collaborations. Website features wind basics, wind
opportunities, wind turbine sites, a wind calculator, curriculum, resource library, and news and
events.
Homebuilt wind turbines

Scoraig Wind Electric
Hugh Piggott's homebuilt wind power homepage. Great information about small-scale wind
power--one of the best websites out there. Lots of interesting pages and links. Blade design
and construction techniques, Tip Speed Ratio explained in plain english, Rotor design info
and other downloads, and pictures and information about Hugh's Brakedrum Windmill. The
newest pages of his site describe in detail the axial flux designs that Hugh is building at his
seminars now, both an 8-foot dia. and 4-foot dia. model. You can order the plans for these
new machines from his site.
WindStuffNow.com
Ed Lenz's excellent homebuilt wind power site. Lots of projects! Alternators from scratch,
converting induction motors to permanent-magnet alternators, useful formulas, blade building,
3-phase explained in plain English, inexpensive blade design software, and more. Really cool
site, with lots of informative pictures too.
Building a Wind Generator from Scratch
Chuck Morrison's highly informative homebuilt windmill site. A 7ft. rotor with lots of pictures
and templates of rotor construction. Powered by a fan motor re-wound into an alternator.
Great project!
Andy Little's Homemade Wind Generator

Uses a homebrew PM alternator based on Hugh Piggott's design. In use for pumping water
electrically. Lots of photos and information about how it was built, very informative site if you
want to build an axial-flux machine from scratch!
Otherpower.com's Homebrew Wind Generators
A collection of all of our experiments with wind power, including our Volvo brake disc wind
generator designs. A great resource for the homebrew wind experimentor, with lots of
informative photos.
Mike Klemen's Wind Generator Page
Lots of information, photos, maintenance logs, reliability reports, windmill sound clips and
data acquisition plots from a variety of working wind installations. A really nice site!
Detronics.net
Wind turbine and wind data acquisition dealer, with a very informative website. He's flying a
Bergey XL.1 and a SWWP Air X at his wind test site, and posts the collected monthly data to
this site, along with solar data. The numbers show very dramatically how important swept
area is!
Paul Gipe's Website
Lots of small- and large-scale wind power articles and information from an expert in the field.
Paul Gipe is also an active participant in the AWEA wind Discussion Board, and has written
excellent books on the subject.
Airheads -- the GarboGen wind generator
The GarboGen is a wind generator designed by Jerry and built by him and many others
worldwide -- made from a surplus garbage disposal motor converted into a permanent
magnet alternator, and plastic blades on a metal hub to drive it. Many detailed pictures on the
site, and the blades and hubs are available for purchase inexpensively.
Savonious Rotor
Savonious Rotor windmill sketches and information from Australia. This windmill design is
built from 55gallon oil drums.
TopGreen.co.uk
Homebuilt brake disc wind turbine information and pictures from the hamlet of Top Green,
Sibthorpe, Nottinghamshire. An excellent array of pictures of every step of the construction
process.
Steve's Tape Drive Motor Wind Turbine
Lots of great photos and construction details about this working, flying wind turbine made with
a tape drive motor as the generator.
Picoturbine.com
Includes a unique educational windmill kit, wind power books, and Savonius rotor simulator
software, as well as many links.
Dragonfly Power
Home of the Dragonfly Wind Generator, a very interesting design that uses an automotive
alternator and gearing. Neat furling and field control system.
The Back Shed
Homebuilt wind turbine site from an Australian friend from our discussion board. Lots of
pictures and construction details, plus kits for sale based on Fisher-Paykel smartdrive motors
converted to alternators. The kits take care of the complicated metalworking bits for you. This
site is well worth checking out!
A great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of information on
renewable energy and sustainable living
The energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and sustainable living products
for free. Hundreds of great products.
Web based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable energy books.
--
How To Construct
A CHEAP WIND MACHINE
FOR PUM ING WATER
instructions
for building a Savonius Rotor

for Water Bumping
The Savonius Hotor is a vertical-shaft

winddevelcrpetl by the Finish
engineer.
machine,
S. J. Savonius, during the years 1925-28.
A test program was carried out on this typr
cf machine by the Bract
&search
Institute
to find out its potentialities
for low Cost water
pumping.
From the tests the following
conclusions
can
The Savonius Rotor, although not
be drawn:
as efficient as a windmill
of comparabte size,
lends itself to water pumping for irrigation
in
areas due to its low initial
underdeveloped
cost, simplicity
of materials and construction.
and low maintenance cost.
It will successfully
operate in areas whert*
the wind
speeds are in the region of 8 to 12
mph. and above, and the water level is not more
than
10 to 15 ft. below ground.
The rotor,
drive
and yuml~
are eminently
suitable
for
home construction
by the handyman with
but
a few tools and access to a welding set. It can
be made from a variety of materials at low cost
since no critical machining
is necessary.
The only important
points to be observed in
erecting such a machine
is the proper
choicr
of the site and careful assessment of the average
wind-speeds. From this information
the tlrouer
pump size and stroke can be Chosen from the
graphs at the back of this pamphlet. It will also
be necessary to provide
some sort of water
storage into which water can be pumped at good
wind-speeds aud later used for irrigation
when
needed. The bigger
tbe storage capacity the
more flexible the system becomes.
The rotor
described here is the one used
for all the tests carried out at the Brace Research
Institute and was built from locally (Barbados)
available
materials in a small workshop
with
unskilled labor at very low cost.
The whole pumping system comprises 3 units:
The rotor, the drive and the pump.
Each unit will be dealt with separately. These
instructions
apply to the type built at Brace,
but it is left to the builders ingenuity to subatitute other materials or processes of ronstruction to suit local conditions. The only
important measurements
to be adhered
to are the
proportions
in
of the rotor
itself. as shown
Fig. 1.
1. The Rotor
tt Consists of two 45 gallon uit drums, bisected
leugthwise
and welded
together to form two
troughs.
(Fig.
2). These two troughs
arc
mounted betwetn two end plates, made from of
Fig.
plywood, 48 diameter.
They can both be cut
frbni one siuglc sheet of standard
plywood.
which measures 48 ins. by 9ti ins. The dimensions for mounting the drum halves are given
in Fig. 1. The ends of the oil drums are simply
bolted to the wooden disks with 3/8 in. stnve
and nuts. The shaft
through
bolts, washers
the renter of the rotor is l-1/4 in. It) water
pipe, which should extend about (i ins. beyond
either
end of the rnd plates. To secure the
shalt to the end plates two flanged collars arc
used, as shown in Fig. 3. They should bc ;I snuct
fit on the outside of the shaft. They :IW btrltc*tl
to the plywood witlr 4 bolts, and after inserting
the shaft, are drilled and secured to it with
:I
S/4 in. bolt. spring wnshcr and nut. To sutrtmrl
..
METWOO !%R BALAYCY~
Fig. 3.
Fijr.
Romp.
5 .
Fig. 4,
Before
nrounting this rutor in tlir
franlv il
mud be rarefully
balanced to itvoid vibriilions
at high speeds. This is easily rlun~ by pluciw
the assembled rotor horixontallp
on twit Irvel
tirarght a%&% aad adding wei@& to the circomference in the center of the rotor,
until
prdect balance is achieved.
(See Fig. 5).
THE
FRAME
The frame consisls of four pieces of 4 in, by
as shown in Fig. 6. The joints
2 in. timber,
should be securely bolted with gusset plates, to
make it as stiff as possible. It must be steadied
with
wire
guys, securely
anchored
to the
ground
and tensioned by turnbuckles.
The
lower cross member should be about 6 ft. above
the ground, but can be Inore if practicable.
k--RAhE 4~
Fig. 6.
WtREs
The
2.
-__ -Colwrcmc ROD
~XCCNI
YB
Drive
It consists of the krcentric.

horizontal
conrod.
neoting rod, brll rrank and vertical pun~p
See Fig. 7.
tilt* rccc~nlril~ 14 ;I t)irc*c* 4&f sl~c*l. Imrmt 141fil
flw
c-utl of I!w 1owc.r ;ulal)tor aucl sccurc+d to it
by II Illrough
boll. liu~ frlrc* is clriltrd
and
Iaptml 141reccGvc* ii holl which must br a good
fit in the bore* of lhc tmtt bearing, forming the
is 7/32 ins. which
big encl. Thr erceutricity
gives H htrokc ~tf i/l(i
in. !-he blg ecr! of the
connecting
rod is ;I ball bearing, *h in. bore,
which is held in a split fitting
attached to the
or
rod. The ronnecting
rod of a motorcycle
small c:lr &gine \vill do nicely for this purpose.
Cut the sbarrk off i~nrl weld a piecc Of 1 in. Ill
the
tubihg lo it. about ti ins. long to receive
wooden ronnpc4iug rtr~l. (Fig. XC).
DPIVEAsscien
Fig. 7.
a.
ADXJSTABLE
&
PUMPS
t?H?K~hlb
CONNECTING ROD FOW lh.
c.
CONNECTING
Rob t%
Fig. N
END
backlash. lhpre should also be an oil hose for

Thr overall
lubrication.
width of the hushes
must be a closr fit in
thP fork to preevnt any
side play.
S~IICT 11~~putnp is :I 5iuglr uVt1ug diaphragm

pulll(~. the two actuating rods arr only in tcnn~nde of ~ootl.
I in.
sirm, ;Incl :IW thrrmcfow
SIIIU!~
c*crrutricit?;
:rnd
the
\Villi
lhr
S~lUi~lY.
fiesitrility
td
!h
wocbli
il is nut necessary
crank
to I~:IVV :I univc~rsal joint ilt the beI1
counccting rod carries
a
woollall
iWil. :hi
wifh :I good fitting
pin
rntl.
fork on its wdl
in the upper arm
of I& in. tli;l. through ;I hole
The pump rod is a similar
of the bell crank.
oiecc of 1 is. square \voort with an adjustab!e
fork zsd on top. Refer to Figs. 8A and 86,
which are self-explanatory.
The bell crank is made from a piece of l/4
in. steel plate, cut as shown in Fig. 9. The
with welded
bosses :IS
holes
are reinforced
and drilled
after welding.
If possible
shown
these bearing holes should be bushed with a
bronze bush, this will
increase the lit% of the
pin ;rncl tirevent the system from developing
3. The PlJrnD
II-it!
pullIt)
sheeted for this applicaliou
is a
single acting diaphragm pump. This design has
been chosen because it is simple to build, with
tllil~llillilig
rc:tuirrd.
It
is
pmctical!v
Iriiniliiuiil
nl:iilitenaiirc
II-CT
cehrap. All pipe eon:IIICI
it
is
uipples
iic~clicms ilW stantl;irci 1 inch watrr-pipe
kklbnws. Th? valves can be any com:llltl
nlerci;lllu
;Ivailable type of non-return
valve.
The pump itself is mounted just below wutrl
level
I fully subrurrgetl)
so that there is no
the rod on the suction stroke.
cwlllprcssitrn
in
slmr~l~l
bc* fitted on the intake valve to
.\ srrwn
prt~verlt foreign malt~~r entering the pump. The
cliafihragui
is ~.~actefruur a piece of inner trite,
t/32 to l/U in. thick. Ihc flange should bv at
Fig
9.
._._-_PUMP
ROD
Fig . Iti
ltwsl
l-l/4 in. witlc
:mcl lakri: # bolts around
the circunlfwrnw,
to enswe n good senl.
As cm be .see11 in Figs. 10 unrl 11. the PUIIIP
is inverted,
the diaphragm
being
operated
throutfh a stirrup attached
to the pump
rod.
This gives the tnuutr greater flexibility
and is
siiuplcr than Icarlinrc the rod through the puurt~
fhc tliwrnhions
of thr lmmp arc not
tuo witic3l
cmcc* the ttianwtcr and strtrkrn havr
been detcrtninecl.
The stirrut) must he itimen
~ionc~l SO that it provides H definite stop cm the
up ;Intl cl6bwn strakr. This will prevent damage
10 the cli:lptrrtigm
during
hnnclling and instab
laticrn.
c~ll;lllllIw.
---- SHEET
HET~C BRAC.KET,
WEIDEDT~ STIRQUP.
A.055
D &MN.
FiH. II.
The main
body of the pump consists of u
piece of pipe or welded ring, closed at one end
:I welded flange on the other.
A
and having
flange ring povides the clamping of the rubber
diaphragm.
See Fig. 11. Two 1 inch water-pipr
nipples arc welded on each side for thr
inlet
and outlet valv(*s. The two discs supportiug the
rubber diaphragm
-were made from Tufnol.
impregnated
fnbrir,
hul any
:I
hard,
resin
similar hard r~ialcrial can be used, f*ven I~arflwood will do. if nothing else ran hr- lwwurett.
Thr cleamncr between discs and putnl~-body is
0.055D and thr inside corners of tbc discs must
be well rounded to prevent cutiixg tlrt* rubber
on thr up and down sir&e.
This is very inlportant. When nsscmbling
the pump,
sealingcompound
is applied
to the rubber between
the discs and the flanges to assure a good seal.
The mounting bar on top of the housing
must
be very stiff and can be (tither welded or bolted
to the top platr. If bolts are used they must he
a good fit and should have copper washers to
insure against leaks. it is most important when
mounting
the pump in the well, to secure the
mounting bar vtary firmly either by concreting,
or bolting to :t couple of cross-timbers in lhc
well. lhe tension forces in the pump-rod are in
the rcginn of 21Ml Ihs. and at high revolutions
this hanlnlrring
will
SOOII shake loose a weak
The pump-rod
should be left longer
mounting.
h-fortmounting
thr
than Ihr required lrngth
After the lmn11, h:is been
pump in tlie well.
installctl am: the bell crank is nlountrtl on thr
frame, lhe i*rll crank is brought to its neutr;lI
position
awl the adjustable fork end of the
pump-rod to hallway on the thread. The rod is
now cut so that it will fit fully into the tube of
the fork,
drilledaud
secured with 4 holts, ah
shown in Fig. 8A. Now the pun~p-rod is pulled
up against
the stop, the eccentric tnrnrcl
to
full stroke and the fork adjusted so thal the pin
goes freely lhrough the hole in 111~ Iwll
Crth.
Now turn the fork nnnthrr one and a half turns
sch.1
the head of wzitcr to
i:; 11~~ vcrtirnl
tlist:l:i~*c~
IJCt\wt*ll
the water Iwc4 ili the Wdl. ;rnd the oiillct
in the rcscrvo,ir. lhc grilpll is alrcacly c*cbrrected
for the dynamic head. which inc!uf!rs
the
friclion in thr pipe ibnd thtb va1~cx From t!lr head
of wuter on the left scale drtiv: a horizontal
linr until
it intersects, the apl>ropri;ltr
wind
speett corye and draw :I sertirnl line through
lhis point.
This will intersect
eve of the fmw
straight
lines marked:
Pump 1. 2, 3. and 4.
Each is !;or one IJUIIII,
of a given tiiametm and
gives on the right hand scalr the proper stroke
for this particular
I~III~~J and I:PYI combination.
OH
gr:Iph
So.
be pumped.
1.
This
Eruniple:
(Follow dotted iinr 011 graph)
He:id 15 ft. windspeed 10 III~*I.
Draw liorizontal
line at 15 ft. head.
with 10 Illlrh. rnrve
draw
At intrsection
VcrtiCill
line.
It intersects str;iight
liiw of pump 2
l+orn this poinl llril\V
horizont;ll
line to the
right hand. stroke-?.ciilc.
This gives 4 stroke of 0.M in.
The pump has to operate
at thi:: stroke
bw
give the best clffirienry
of the rotor.
To obtain
this
stroke from
the bell
crank, pmcced
as
follows: lhc ratios of strnkc ?nrl distancr from
pivot are rqii:il.
I).J.?75:~I-=O.M:x
I?creforf* :
s---
(ixll..Xi
(L.4375
77
.
rhe horizontal :\rnI of the! hell crank will

have to be 7.7 ins long to give :I pump stroke
nf 0.56 in. Fig 9.
The bntlom scale of Graph Ne!. 1 gives the
xtuai
volume in cubic* ins. per stroke pumped
at various wind spcctls.
This inakrs il pf~ssihlc tn tlcterminr
the size
iIII(I
stroke of any
other
:lVilihbk
such
Imlnp,
ns
;I piston
pump.
Find the* hcatl to 1)~ l~u~nprrl and Ihe wind
speefl as hcfore,
draw :I vertical line from this
point tu the bottom
w11e and read the volume
per stroke. Divide
Illis volume hy Ihe piston
area and this will hr the stroke required.
lf. fnr t~Xillllpl~.
a piston ~JUIII~ of 2 in. diaincter 1~cix a~nilat~lc thr hc;ld is again I.i ft.
r:>d the \vinrl SIYCCC~ IO lrlph..
cnntir?rrt:
the
vertical dotted lint tcl fhe base scalr and read

13.3 divided
by 3.14
off 13.3 Cu. ins./strokc.
(artla of piston) gives a sforke of 4.23 ins.
11) obtain
this slrokc III 1.23 ins. from
Ihe
hrll rrank. il ~trultl
IW ;ItlVisablr to alter the
er:.clnlricily
10 NISI 11 IIIWC suitnblr radio :\I fho
Itc41 (*rank. If 1h(* carrrntricity
is marIt* Si in..
Ihen the stroke of the ccmnccting rod bcromrs
I in. This leavrs A ratio of 1 4.23 at the bell
crank, which could br divided intct in vertical
leg of, say, 2?4 ins., and a Iiorizontal leg of
IO.58 ins. long. The hell crank
would have to
be shaped to conform to these measurements.
If a piston, pump is used for this purpose. it
must be a single arting pump, mounted below
water level and operated so that the pump rod
is only in tension. This will assure that there are
no problems either due to buckling of the pump
rod and connecting rod, or trouble with priming of the pump.
Estimating
the Output
of the Pump
(iraph No. 2, Curve A. gives the output of thr

pu111p at the srlcctrtl
(rated) windspcrtl
for the
sitr in clueslion, when pumping against H head
of 111feet. Tlic output ;8t the rat14 wintlspee(l
when
pumrtina
ilpainsl
a hcatl dthrr than
calrUliltt*tl
from (:urvc X by
II! feet may bk
simlllr
proportion.
For rxaniplc,
the piiml~
selected
from
(iraph
which has already heen
No. 1, to pump against a bead of 15 fee1 most
efficiently
in a windspeed
of 10 mph..
will
have an output at 10 mph. of
10
\V := 272 X. - = 181 Inlprrial
~:;lll~Jns l,lr
15
hour.
Note that. at windspeeds other than the rated
windspeed, the pump will give,=an output SOIIWwhat lower than the figure read froul Curve A
of Graph No. 2. :IS it will no longrr be operating at its best efficiency.
For rxample.
the
performance of a particular
pump is indicated
hy Curve B on Graph No. 2, which refers to a
putnl, with a bore of 7-l/4 in. and :I stroke of
7/1fi in. The stroke has bern selcrtrd to give
optimum
performance
at -a windspeed of 9.2
and Cnrve B coincides with
Curve A pt
wh.,
this windspeed.
However.
as thv wintlspced
increases (or decreasrs)
progressively
beyond
the rated windspeed
of Q.2 mph.. the rclativc
performance
of ?hr pump drops off and the
actual output,
read from
Curve 8, becomes $1
progressively
smaller fraction
of lhe optimum
output. read from Curve A.
Pumping at Heads of More Than 30 Feet

In this
:eaflct
consideration
has brrn
t-cstrirted
to a very
low cost pump) :~ntl thr
simplest farm of power transmission
system.
The equipment described ubovc has been tested
when pumping against hinds of up to 30 feet.
It is rxtrctnrly
tliflirul1
18, tlrfinc the ;ic2ual
rest of ;I prcljccnl II~V this in tlclll;irs ;1nd c-ruts.
As in an> l)o.lt-\l,rll.srlf
llrnj,~rl,
the biqcrsl
part nf the job is the labour. which is assu~rd
lo bc frw.
Drlwl~tlirlg
OII tllc skill,
I)atirrCc
and resources 4 the home-l:uild~~r. even the
Cost of tllr Inatc*rials can v:lrv ronGdrmbly.
In thr prolotypr
clc~srribrd
hcrr. only
the
ball bearings, WKMI Ior thr lramr, and plywond
for the rotor WPW purchased nrw. All
nthrr
matrrial
was fwntl
:lrnund
the p!nrr. The bark
of a garage or sm:~ll machinp shop is usually :I
good place to look for things like
pircrs of
If rrn wrlding
equippipe. angles, bolls, etr.
ment is at hand, all the pirres to hr welded
should be carrfully
prcpnred. wired or clamped
nearest
welding
and taken tn thr
togetlirr
~1101. If cvcrything
is properly
prepared,
the
actual welding for thr whole iob will nc,t take
longer than I hour. rhc only parts
rrcluirinil
machining
:I.(* thr Shilft ad:il)tors, the etrentric
flanges and tlisrs for thr
for the* rotor, thr
rbthrr work requirrn
a
diaphia~m
~111111~I.
Ail
drill only.
Finally, fit give :I rougl~ idpa of the r:nst. the
main
ih~ms ;Irc listecl
hrrt* as purchased
in
U;irbadoh, in thr cquivalcnt
of I!.!? TIoll:irs:$4 2.m
.
2 Oil tlrums (gnod condition)
2 Self-alignin;!
Hall Wirings.
flange
14.m
..
..
type
7.50
..
..
Mi ft. 2 s 4 Timber
1 ~lwc*l
in. Plywvcwrl
12.50
(4 ft. R 8 ft.)
30 ft. l/R tliilmetcnr (;:ilvanizrd

Stcrl
..
..
..
Wire
..
..
6 l/J s 4 ius. I~II.II I+uckles
7 ft. l-I/J
1.1). \V;itrr
Iipc (Elotrrr
..
..
..
..
shaft)
1 $4 in. I~(IIY 11itll ILring
(big-*ml I
.
1:) ft. Il;lS:iC Iipc~ (rl?*livcry~
Rolts.
Nuts.
\~;~sll~l~s.
c4r.
. .
. .
Tot,11
U.S.
.30
3.30
2.70
1.60
4.1Q
2.00
9 51.00
TECHNICAL NOTESON THE DIAPHRAGMPUMP

1.
The diaphragm should be of fairly

thick rubber
- rubber from heavy truck or tractor
inner tube is good
- rubber that is too thin or too flexible
is not satisfactory
since under a large head the deformation
of the diaphragm
to negate the full diaphragm displacement,
tends
2.
The stroke may well have to be increased to one or tw> inches,

depending on the rubber flexibility,
In order to effect this, it
may be necessary to increase the clearance between the discs and
the pumpbody.
3.
It was found, in practice

in very remote conditions,
that a fair
bit of experimentation
was needed in order to determine the best
location
of the pump relative
to both the source and the
discharge.
This pump is most efficient
when immersed, however
the pressure head then becomes too great and diaphragm deformation
becomes very significant,
For our 4+" pump, a suction head of about
6 to 8 feet with a pressure head of some 8 to 10 feet was felt to be
about thelimiting
conditions,
4.
The pump rod and connecting rod end connections

should be firm.
Any play in these takes away from the length of stroke,
Wind Generator
Savonius Type 12V 200 Watt
http://www.onetoremember.co.uk
Introduction
About the publisher
Richard Jemmetts keen interest in the generation and use of energy has helped to
shape his formal career and provide an incentive to write on the subject. He
graduated from the University of Leeds in 1980 with a degree in fuel and energy
engineering and has held various positions within energy and consultancy companies
working in the UK, Europe the Middle East and Asia. He is a Board Director of two
energy related companies and a past president of the Institution of Gas engineers
and Managers
He has written many articles, essays, and conference presentations on utility industry
strategy, energy industry development, energy market deregulation, renewable
energy, distributed generation and high reliability organisational design.
This ebook and other similar documents can be found at the onetoremember online
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Disclaimer
The information supplies in this publication has been supplied in all good faith and
believed to be correct. However no liability will be accepted for any accident, damage
or injury caused as a result, or arising from the use of information form this
publication.

Introduction to the Savonius wind turbine
Wind units can be divided into two major types, horizontal axis and vertical axis machines.
Horizontal machines some times known as HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines) are the
traditional conventional design, they consist of a rotor with one to twenty blades driving a
generator or a pump either directly or through a gearbox, chain or belt system. A tail vane or
fantail is required to direct the machine into the wind.
They are usually more efficient than vertical axis units known as VAWT (Vertical Axis
Wind Turbines). Savonius and Darius are two designs of vertical axis machines. This
type of unit is often not situated on a tower and does not have to be directed into the
wind. Materials and construction are usually cheaper than horizontal axis machines.
The Savonius windmill was the brainchild of Sigrid Savonius of Finland. The racing
driver of the 1930s said the secret of a good machine was to "add lightness and
simplicate". A simple unit can be made by attaching two halves of vertically split oil
barrel to a vertical axis this produces a low speed high torque unit that can be used
for pumping water and through a gearing mechanism, generating electricity. This
design also has the advantage of an aerodynamic effect called the "magnus
principal, suction is formed by the air moving over the convex face of the rotor. This
means that there is force acting on the face of the rotor pulling it into the wind.
The most ubiquitous application of the Savonius wind turbine is the Flettner Ventilator
which is commonly seen on the roofs of vans and buses and is used as a cooling
device. The ventilator was developed by the German aircraft engineer Anton Flettner
in the 1920s. It uses the Savonius wind turbine to drive an extractor fan. The vents
are still manufactured in the UK by Flettner Ventilator Limited.
Small Savonius wind turbines are sometimes seen used as advertising signs where
the rotation helps to draw attention to the item advertised.
About these plans

This plan was developed to make use a car alternator maybe not the best generator but
certainly widely available. The plan was originally written Peter Hanbury in the 1970s with the
rights for reproduction bought by Richard Jemmett (then Jemmett Engineering) in the 1980s.
Since then many hundreds have been sold and successfully built. The plan is in its original
form and may be a little difficult to read but if you have any difficulties after printing please
email me plans@onetoremember.co.uk
NOTICE
The information contained in this guide has been given in good faith and
is believed to be accurate at the time of writing. Whilst every effort has
been made to obtain the correct information, no liability can be accepted
for any information that is incorrect or misleading.
Website links
Energybook and associated websites
A great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of
information on renewable energy and sustainable living
The energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and
sustainable living products for free. Hundreds of great products.
Web based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable
energy books.
Wind energy associations

ANEV - associazione nazionale energia del vento (I)
AWEA - American Wind Energy Association (USA)
APPA - Asociacin de Productores de Energas Renovables (ES)
Austrian Wind Energy Association (A)
AUSWEA - Australian Wind Energy Association (AUS)
BWE - Bundesverband Wind Energie e.V., German Wind Energy Association (D)
BWEA - British Wind Energy Association (GB)
CANWEA - Canadian Wind Energy Association (CAN)
Les Compagnons d'Eole (B)
DV - Danmarks Vindmlleforening - Danish Wind Turbine Owners' Association (DK)
Dansk Selskab for Vindenergi (DK)
EOLE (CAN) (pour les francophones)
Estonian Wind Power Association (EST)
EWEA, European Wind Energy Association (EU)
Finnish Wind Power Association (FIN)
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
Vindkraftfreningen Finland, Finnish Wind Energy Association (Swedish language)
IWEA, Irish Wind Energy Association (IE)
New Zealand Wind Energy Association (NZ)
PEE - Plataforma Empresarial Elica (ES)
South African Wind Energy Association (ZA)
Suisse-Eole (CH)
Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables (FR)
Magazines and information services

Windpower Monthly Good international coverage of the wind business.
WindStats Newsletter Articles plus loads of statistics on wind energy production in many parts
of the world.
Wind Directions is the magazine of the European Wind Energy Association, published six
times a year, giving current developments and news on the wind energy industry in
Europe.
Windpower Monthly publishes news and critical analyses of key issues about wind power
and its markets. Includes The Windicator, the renowned page of market indicators, giving
a country by country breakdown of installed capacity.
New Review is the Quarterly Newsletter for the UK New and Renewable Energy Industry,
principally covering: wind, solar, biomass and hydro energy developments. Produced by
ETSU on behalf of the DTI.
WindStats Newsletter is a quarterly international wind energy publication with news,
reviews, wind turbine production and operating data from over 12,000 wind turbines, plus
much more.
Renewable Energy World accentuates the achievements and potential of all forms of
renewable energy sources and the technologies being developed to harness them. In this
on-line version there are full text selected articles, abstracts, back issue information, and
links to all of the other renewable energy information sources at James & James including
its international database of renewable energy suppliers and services.
Renew On-Line is an edited, text only, version of parts of the News sections of RENEW, the
journal of NATTA, the independent national UK Network for Alternative Technology and
Technology Assessment. Members include the Energy and Environment Research Unit
(EERU) and the Open University.
CADDET provides international information on renewable energy on full-scale commercial
projects which are operating in the member countries, currently Australia, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United
States and the European Commission (DGXVII - Energy). The CADDET programme covers
the full range of renewable energy technologies.
EuroREX (European Renewable Energy Exchange) is an on-line commercial information
service and newsletter created by a network of energy experts from 30 European
countries. Its aim is to provide up-to-date information on renewables directly from
professionals working in the field. European Renewable Energy exchange
Solstice is the Internet information service of the Renewable Energy Policy Project and the
Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (REPP-CREST). Sustainable
energy and development information as well as renewable energy, energy efficiency and
sustainable living
World-wide Information System for Renewable Energy (WIRE).
Wind Engineering. A bi-monthly journal which publishes technical papers on all aspects of
wind energy systems.
Places to visit in the United Kingdom

The Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales is an educational charity striving to achieve
the best cooperation between the natural, technological and human worlds. CAT tests, lives
with and displays strategies and tools for doing this. CAT has it's own wind turbine as part of
their work for a sustainable future.
The EcoTech Centre at Swaffham in Norfolk is an educational charity which aims to stimulate
and inform people about the need for sustainable development. The Centre grounds include
organic gardens, a biomass power station and one of the largest wind turbines in the world.
The Earth Centre at Doncaster encompasses a range of environmental exhibitions and
activities. Tel 01709 512000 for further information.
The Gaia Energy Centre in Cornwall is a centre for the promotion of, and education about,
renewable and sustainable energy and energy conservation.
Many wind farms have visitor centres or opportunities to see the turbines at closer range.
Specific details can be found in our map of wind farms of the UK.
Scientific and research institutions

The Wind Turbine Research Group at Cranfield Universtity.
Institute for Wind Energy at Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands.
National Wind Technology Center at The National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The U.S.
Department of Energy's premier laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency
research, development and deployment.
Risoe National Laboratory Wind Energy and Atmospheric Physics department.The research
of the department aims develop new opportunities for industry and society in the exploitation
of wind power and to map and alleviate atmospheric aspects of environmental problems in
collaboration with the National Environmental Research Institute.
The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN is the leading institute for energy
research in the Netherlands. Research is carried out under contract from the government and
from national and foreign organisations and industries. ECN's activities are concentrated in
six priority areas: solar energy, wind energy, biomass, clean fossil, energy efficiency, and
policy studies.
Wind Energy Technology at Sandia National Laboratories. Applied research in aerodynamics,
structural dynamics, fatigue, materials, manufacturing, controls, and systems integration to
understand unsolved technology problems and to provide better design tools. New efforts
investigate how rare atmospheric events can impact wind turbine long-term structural integrity
and how advanced data handling techniques can be successfully applied to the difficult field
environment of operating wind turbines.
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) - science and technology solutions for the global
energy industry.
General wind power links

www.countryguardian.net
Country Guardian is a UK conservation group focused on the environmental damage caused
by commercial windfarms in areas of national or local landscape value. It is not opposed to
wind energy as such, but in practice almost all onshore sites which are windy enough are
environmentally sensitive.
www.cefncroes.org.uk
Cefn Croes Wind Farm Campaign - An American backed company, the Renewable
Development Company (RDC), wishes to build Britains largest wind power station yet in the
heart of Mid Wales. RDC proposes to build 39 enormous turbines on Cefn Croes, a wild
expanse of upland above the villages of Cymystwyth.
www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf10.htm
Renewable Energy and Electricity - good article on the alternatives to fossil fuels in electricity
generation - Technology to utilise the forces of nature for doing work to supply human needs
is as old as the first sailing ship. There is a fundamental attractiveness about harnessing such
forces in an age which is very conscious of the environmental effects of burning fossil fuels.
www.cprw.org.uk/press/pressind.htm
Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Index of Press Notices - Includes several press
notices on the subject of wind turbines in Wales.
www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/northhoyle.htm
National Wind Power (NWP) is proposing to develop a wind farm off the North Wales coast.
The proposed project, known as North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm (North Hoyle), is situated 45 miles off the coast between Prestatyn and Rhyl and will consist of 30 wind turbines with a
total installed capacity of between 60-90MW.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/wales/newsid_1432000/1432541.stm
Wind farm plans scrapped - Company withdraws its plans for 26 turbines - Controversial
plans for a 30m wind farm development on Denbigh Moors have been scrapped after rare
birds were found on the site.
www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk
With the first offshore wind turbines in the UK already generating electricity at ~5p per unit,
the further development of the offshore wind industry is an exciting prospect, and one which
will see significant growth over the next decade.
www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~mikes/norfolk/wind/
Norfolk wind turbines - A total of 853 turbines currently produce 405 megawatts of electricity
in the UK, enough to meet the needs of quarter of a million homes annually (BWEA). Norfolk
generates 5.25 megawatts (about 1.3% of total UK production, versus about 1.2% of UK
population.)
www.britishwindenergy.co.uk
British Wind Industry Association - With a membership of over 500, including more than 180
corporate members, generating an annual turnover of 1,000,000 ecus, the BWEA is uniquely
placed to consolidate and extend the wind energy industry in the UK.
www.windpower.org
Danish Wind Industry Association - read about Wind Energy - More than 100 animated pages
and calculators on wind resources, wind turbine technology, economics, and environmental
aspects of wind energy in the Guided Tour section.
www.indianwindpower.com
Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association - Power generation from wind has emerged
as one of the most successful programmes in the renewable energy sector, and has started
making meaningful contributions to the overall power requirements of some States.
news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/england/newsid_1777000/1777268.stm
Wind farm closed after blade snaps - The blade sits at the top of a 93-metre-high column. A
turbine propeller blade has folded in half at the UK's first electricity-generating offshore wind
farm, at Blyth, in Northumberland.
www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/wind.html
Introduction - Wind represents a vast source of energy which man has harnessed for over
2000 years. As the UK is the windiest country in Europe, wind power is one of the UK's most
promising renewable energy technologies and already provides electricity for nearly a quarter
of million homes.
www.natwindpower.co.uk/
As environmental protection and sustainable development are now top priorities world wide,
we all need to consider carefully how the energy that we consume should be produced.
www.cprw.org.uk/wind/windindc.htm
Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales - Wind Power Generation - CPRW's View: In the
process of encouraging renewable energy Government policies on wind power fail to provide
sufficient recognition of the the need to conserve the landscape and environment of rural
Wales.
www.scotland.gov.uk/news/2001/06/se1472.asp
Scottish Executive - UK'S FIRST WIND TURBINE FACTORY TO BE BUILT IN THE
HIGHLANDS - The UKs first wind turbine factory will be built in Scotland, Highlands and
Islands Minister, Alasdair Morrison announced today. The facility at Machrihanish, near
Campbeltown will create 124 direct jobs and 44 indirect for the local economy.
www.foe.co.uk/pubsinfo/infoteam/pressrel/2001/20010619115149.html
Friends Of the Earth welcomes UK's first wind turbine factory - 19 Jun 2001- 'Swords into
ploughshares' as military base becomes renewable energy plant - Friends of the Earth today
warmly welcomed the announcement by the Scottish Executive and Danish firm Vestas Wind
Systems of the UK's first commercial scale wind turbine plant.
www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4195427,00.html
MoD tries to veto wind farm sites - Trade department's expansion of renewable energy
undermined by its backing for RAF objections to onshore and offshore plants
www.cprw.org.uk/press/pn250102.htm
Cefn Croes Ceredigion: Conservation groups call for Public Inquiry into UK's biggest wind
power station. Today, six major conservation bodies, with a joint membership in Wales of
many thousands, sent a letter to The Rt. Hon. Patricia Hewitt MP, Secretary of State for Trade
and Industry protesting "in the strongest possible terms" about the declaration of the Energy
Secretary.
education.guardian.co.uk/higher/engineering/story/0,9840,653199,00.html
Cold blow - Wednesday February 20, 2002 - For some, they are blights on a glorious
landscape; for others, they mean clean energy and economic lifelines for rural communities.
John Vidal looks at the battle over windfarms in mid-Wales.
www.sustdev.org/energy/articles/energy/edition2/index.shtml
An Assessment of the Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds at Ten Windfarm Sites in the UK by
Ruth Thomas, University College London, UK
American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)
Since 1974, AWEA has advocated the development of wind energy as a reliable,
environmentally superior energy alternative in the United States and around the world.
AWEA's Green Power Factsheets provide answers to basic questions about Green Power,
including what it is, the rationale for purchasing it, and procedures for buying it.
Choosing a Home-Sized Wind Generator
The August/September 2002 issue of Home Power Magazine is a must-read for anyone
contemplating installing a wind generator. Home Power leads the reader through all the steps
necessary to arrive at the answer to this key question about wind systems: which one should
you choose. The entire 17-page article can be downloaded from Home Powers website.
Consumer's Guide to Renewable Energy in Arkansas
While intended for Arkansas residents and businesses, much of the information presented in
this publication also applies to residents in other states. Includes useful information on solar,
wind, and renewable fuels.
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is recognized as a world leader in creating
science and technology solutions for the energy industry and for the benefit of the public.
EPRI's technical program spans virtually every aspect of power generation, delivery, and use,
including environmental considerations. The organization serves more than 1,000 energy
organizations worldwide and draws on a global network of technical and business expertise to
help solve energy problems.
Energy Resources Research Laboratory (ERRL)
The ERRL at Oregon State University has managed the data collection, quality assurance,
and analysis for the Bonneville Power Administration's wind energy resource studies since
1978 and manages other data management activities for transmission line research. It
maintains a large data base of wind data for the Pacific Northwest. This web page
summarizes the wind statistics of the five Bonneville Power Administration's long-term wind
monitoring sites in the Pacific Northwest.
Guided Tour on Wind Energy
Switch to the UK flag for the English website. Want to know where wind energy comes from?
Want to learn about the Coriolis Force, global winds, geostrophic wind, wind speed
measurement, the wind rose, wind shear, and wind shade? Need to find a wind shade
calculator, information about wind turbine components, rotor blades, and wind energy
economics? Answers to all your questions about wind energy can be found at the Danish
Wind Turbine Manufacturers Associations Guided Tour on Wind Energy. The website
includes wind resource calculators and features more than 100 animated pages on wind
resources, wind turbine technology, and economics. Each of the nine tours is a self-contained
unit, so you may take the tours in any order.
Minnesotans for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ME3) website provides many pages of
wind energy information, including a wealth of links to utilities, research and other
organizations, wind industry companies, federal government resources and wind energy
publications and miscellaneous information.
Montana Wind Energy Atlas
The Montana Wind Energy Atlas is a comprehensive analysis of wind energy data available
as of 1987. Data collected by a variety of public and private organizations at 158 wind
monitoring sites around Montana were reviewed. Data from 56 sites are analyzed in the Atlas.
Information on the sites and the data collection programs is included. While more data have
been gathered since the Atlas was published, it remains the only publicly available collection
of data from numerous sites. These historical data should be useful for preliminary
identification of potential sites. The Atlas is available on line at the Montana Department of
Environmental Quality Energize Montana website.
National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC)
A U.S. consensus-based collaborative formed in 1994, NWCC identifies issues that affect the
use of wind power, establishes dialogue among key stakeholders, and catalyzes appropriate
activities to support the development of an environmentally, economically, and politically
sustainable commercial market for wind power. NWCC members include representatives from
electric utilities and support organizations, state legislatures, state utility commissions,
consumer advocacy offices, wind equipment suppliers and developers, green power
marketers, environmental organizations, and state and federal agencies.
Wind Energy Basics
Provides information about wind, including how wind turbines work, advantages and
disadvantages of its use, wind energy use throughout history, U.S. wind energy resource
potential, and current research and development.
Renewable Resource Data Center (RReDC)
Provides information on several types of renewable energy resources in the United States, in
the form of publications, data, and maps. An extensive dictionary of renewable energy related
terms is also provided. The News section announces new products on the RReDC, which is
supported by the U. S. Department of Energy's Resource Assessment Program and managed
by the Photovoltaics Technology Division of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy.
Small Wind Electric Systems A Montana Consumers Guide (PDF)
Learn about small wind systems and whether one is right for you in a this new booklet
published jointly by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Center for Appropriate
Technology, and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. The booklet includes a
wind resource map of Montana, an explanation of state incentives for installing a wind
system, and a list of contacts for more information.
Small Wind Electric Systems A U. S. Consumers Guide (PDF)
This guide provides basic information you need to answer those questions and to address the
many factors you need to consider to successfully install a small wind energy system and get
maximum production.
Small Wind Energy Systems for the Homeowner
This publication will help you decide whether a wind system is practical for you. It explains the
benefits, helps you assess your wind resource and possible sites, discusses legal and
environmental obstacles, and analyzes economic considerations such as pricing.
Small Wind System Slide Shows
Downloadable slide shows from the American Wind Energy Association.
Solar and Wind Easements
Montana's solar and wind easement provisions allow property owners to create solar and
wind easements for the purpose of protecting and maintaining proper access to sunlight and
wind. While 32 other states have solar easement provisions, only three other states have
created specific provisions for the creation of wind easements. Montana's solar easement law
was enacted in 1979 and the wind easement was enacted in 1983. For more information,
contact Tom Livers, Montana Department of Environmental Quality, at 406-444-6776.
Utility Wind Interest Group (UWIG)
A non-profit corporation whose mission is to accelerate the appropriate integration of wind
power for utility applications through the coordinated efforts and actions of its members, in
collaboration with public and private sector stakeholders. Membership is open to utilities and
other entities that have an interest in wind generation.
What Landowners Need to Know About Attracting Wind Energy Developers to Their
Land in North Dakota
Published by the University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, this brochure can help
Montanans faced with questions about developing wind resources on their land. It includes
partial lists of nonprofit wind energy contacts, websites, and with landowner information.
AWEA's Wind Directory
Search this directory to obtain wind energy services and equipment from companies who
have demonstrated a commitment to wind and renewable technology and adhere to AWEA's
code of business ethics.
Wind Energy Atlas
Estimates wind energy resource for the United States and its territories and indicates general
areas where a high wind resource may exist. This information is valuable to wind energy
developers and potential wind energy users because it allows them to choose a general area
of estimated high wind resource for more detailed examination. A siting document, such as
that written by Hiester and Pennell (1981), can assist a potential user in going from wind
resource assessment to site selection.
Wind Energy Finance Website
Operated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, this website allows users to
calculate online the cost of electricity generated by a wind system. The website lets users
create a new project on screen (or modify an existing project) by entering values for
numerous assumptions step-by-step until enough information has been entered to calculate
the project cost. Projects added or modified are stored convenience and are available the
next time a user logs in.
Wind Energy Potential in the United States
Estimates of the electricity that could potentially be generated by wind power and of the land
area available for wind energy have been calculated for the contiguous United States. The
estimates are based on published wind resource data and exclude windy lands that are not
suitable for development as a result of environmental and land-use considerations.
Wind Potential in the United States: U.S. Wind Maps
Maps showing the U.S. annual wind power resource, annual wind power resource in Alaska
and Hawaii and the percent of U.S. land area with an annual wind resource of Class 3 or
above.
Wind Powering America
A commitment to dramatically increase the use of wind energy in the United States. This
initiative works to establish new sources of income for American farmers, Native Americans,
and other rural landowners, and meet the growing demand for clean sources of electricity.
Website offers a host of useful information on topics such as wind resource assessment,
siting, transmission, economics, utility integration, project development, and policy issues.
Wind Power in Montana
Pages from a Wind Powering America publication that focus on Montana.
Wind Workshop Presentations On Line
Presentation from the Wind Powering Montana Workshop October 3, 2001, in Big Sky.
Translated from PowerPoint into viewable web pages.
Windustry
Focuses on economic development from wind energy, valuation of environmental benefits,
and distributed generation. Windustry promotes wind energy through outreach, educational
materials, and technical assistance to rural landowners, local communities and utilities, and
state, regional, and non-profit collaborations. Website features wind basics, wind
opportunities, wind turbine sites, a wind calculator, curriculum, resource library, and news and
events.
Homebuilt wind turbines

Scoraig Wind Electric
Hugh Piggott's homebuilt wind power homepage. Great information about small-scale wind
power--one of the best websites out there. Lots of interesting pages and links. Blade design
and construction techniques, Tip Speed Ratio explained in plain english, Rotor design info
and other downloads, and pictures and information about Hugh's Brakedrum Windmill. The
newest pages of his site describe in detail the axial flux designs that Hugh is building at his
seminars now, both an 8-foot dia. and 4-foot dia. model. You can order the plans for these
new machines from his site.
WindStuffNow.com
Ed Lenz's excellent homebuilt wind power site. Lots of projects! Alternators from scratch,
converting induction motors to permanent-magnet alternators, useful formulas, blade building,
3-phase explained in plain English, inexpensive blade design software, and more. Really cool
site, with lots of informative pictures too.
Building a Wind Generator from Scratch
Chuck Morrison's highly informative homebuilt windmill site. A 7ft. rotor with lots of pictures
and templates of rotor construction. Powered by a fan motor re-wound into an alternator.
Great project!
Andy Little's Homemade Wind Generator

Uses a homebrew PM alternator based on Hugh Piggott's design. In use for pumping water
electrically. Lots of photos and information about how it was built, very informative site if you
want to build an axial-flux machine from scratch!
Otherpower.com's Homebrew Wind Generators
A collection of all of our experiments with wind power, including our Volvo brake disc wind
generator designs. A great resource for the homebrew wind experimentor, with lots of
informative photos.
Mike Klemen's Wind Generator Page
Lots of information, photos, maintenance logs, reliability reports, windmill sound clips and
data acquisition plots from a variety of working wind installations. A really nice site!
Detronics.net
Wind turbine and wind data acquisition dealer, with a very informative website. He's flying a
Bergey XL.1 and a SWWP Air X at his wind test site, and posts the collected monthly data to
this site, along with solar data. The numbers show very dramatically how important swept
area is!
Paul Gipe's Website
Lots of small- and large-scale wind power articles and information from an expert in the field.
Paul Gipe is also an active participant in the AWEA wind Discussion Board, and has written
excellent books on the subject.
Savonious Rotor
Savonious Rotor windmill sketches and information from Australia. This windmill design is
built from 55gallon oil drums.
TopGreen.co.uk
Homebuilt brake disc wind turbine information and pictures from the hamlet of Top Green,
Sibthorpe, Nottinghamshire. An excellent array of pictures of every step of the construction
process.
Steve's Tape Drive Motor Wind Turbine
Lots of great photos and construction details about this working, flying wind turbine made with
a tape drive motor as the generator.
Picoturbine.com
Includes a unique educational windmill kit, wind power books, and Savonius rotor simulator
software, as well as many links.
Dragonfly Power
Home of the Dragonfly Wind Generator, a very interesting design that uses an automotive
alternator and gearing. Neat furling and field control system.
The Back Shed
Homebuilt wind turbine site from an Australian friend from our discussion board. Lots of
pictures and construction details, plus kits for sale based on Fisher-Paykel smartdrive motors
converted to alternators. The kits take care of the complicated metalworking bits for you. This
site is well worth checking out!
A great website developed by the author of this guide it provides lots of information on
renewable energy and sustainable living
The energybook marketplace - buy and sell renewable energy and sustainable living products
for free. Hundreds of great products.
Web based bookshop selling fiction and non-fiction books including renewable energy books.
--
How To Construct
A CHEAP WIND MACHINE
FOR PUM ING WATER
instructions
for building a Savonius Rotor

for Water Bumping
The Savonius Hotor is a vertical-shaft

winddevelcrpetl by the Finish
engineer.
machine,
S. J. Savonius, during the years 1925-28.
A test program was carried out on this typr
cf machine by the Bract
&search
Institute
to find out its potentialities
for low Cost water
pumping.
From the tests the following
conclusions
can
The Savonius Rotor, although not
be drawn:
as efficient as a windmill
of comparabte size,
lends itself to water pumping for irrigation
in
areas due to its low initial
underdeveloped
cost, simplicity
of materials and construction.
and low maintenance cost.
It will successfully
operate in areas whert*
the wind
speeds are in the region of 8 to 12
mph. and above, and the water level is not more
than
10 to 15 ft. below ground.
The rotor,
drive
and yuml~
are eminently
suitable
for
home construction
by the handyman with
but
a few tools and access to a welding set. It can
be made from a variety of materials at low cost
since no critical machining
is necessary.
The only important
points to be observed in
erecting such a machine
is the proper
choicr
of the site and careful assessment of the average
wind-speeds. From this information
the tlrouer
pump size and stroke can be Chosen from the
graphs at the back of this pamphlet. It will also
be necessary to provide
some sort of water
storage into which water can be pumped at good
wind-speeds aud later used for irrigation
when
needed. The bigger
tbe storage capacity the
more flexible the system becomes.
The rotor
described here is the one used
for all the tests carried out at the Brace Research
Institute and was built from locally (Barbados)
available
materials in a small workshop
with
unskilled labor at very low cost.
The whole pumping system comprises 3 units:
The rotor, the drive and the pump.
Each unit will be dealt with separately. These
instructions
apply to the type built at Brace,
but it is left to the builders ingenuity to subatitute other materials or processes of ronstruction to suit local conditions. The only
important measurements
to be adhered
to are the
proportions
in
of the rotor
itself. as shown
Fig. 1.
1. The Rotor
tt Consists of two 45 gallon uit drums, bisected
leugthwise
and welded
together to form two
troughs.
(Fig.
2). These two troughs
arc
mounted betwetn two end plates, made from of
Fig.
plywood, 48 diameter.
They can both be cut
frbni one siuglc sheet of standard
plywood.
which measures 48 ins. by 9ti ins. The dimensions for mounting the drum halves are given
in Fig. 1. The ends of the oil drums are simply
bolted to the wooden disks with 3/8 in. stnve
and nuts. The shaft
through
bolts, washers
the renter of the rotor is l-1/4 in. It) water
pipe, which should extend about (i ins. beyond
either
end of the rnd plates. To secure the
shalt to the end plates two flanged collars arc
used, as shown in Fig. 3. They should bc ;I snuct
fit on the outside of the shaft. They :IW btrltc*tl
to the plywood witlr 4 bolts, and after inserting
the shaft, are drilled and secured to it with
:I
S/4 in. bolt. spring wnshcr and nut. To sutrtmrl
..
METWOO !%R BALAYCY~
Fig. 3.
Fijr.
Romp.
5 .
Fig. 4,
Before
nrounting this rutor in tlir
franlv il
mud be rarefully
balanced to itvoid vibriilions
at high speeds. This is easily rlun~ by pluciw
the assembled rotor horixontallp
on twit Irvel
tirarght a%&% aad adding wei@& to the circomference in the center of the rotor,
until
prdect balance is achieved.
(See Fig. 5).
THE
FRAME
The frame consisls of four pieces of 4 in, by
as shown in Fig. 6. The joints
2 in. timber,
should be securely bolted with gusset plates, to
make it as stiff as possible. It must be steadied
with
wire
guys, securely
anchored
to the
ground
and tensioned by turnbuckles.
The
lower cross member should be about 6 ft. above
the ground, but can be Inore if practicable.
k--RAhE 4~
Fig. 6.
WtREs
The
2.
-__ -Colwrcmc ROD
~XCCNI
YB
Drive
It consists of the krcentric.

horizontal
conrod.
neoting rod, brll rrank and vertical pun~p
See Fig. 7.
tilt* rccc~nlril~ 14 ;I t)irc*c* 4&f sl~c*l. Imrmt 141fil
flw
c-utl of I!w 1owc.r ;ulal)tor aucl sccurc+d to it
by II Illrough
boll. liu~ frlrc* is clriltrd
and
Iaptml 141reccGvc* ii holl which must br a good
fit in the bore* of lhc tmtt bearing, forming the
is 7/32 ins. which
big encl. Thr erceutricity
gives H htrokc ~tf i/l(i
in. !-he blg ecr! of the
connecting
rod is ;I ball bearing, *h in. bore,
which is held in a split fitting
attached to the
or
rod. The ronnecting
rod of a motorcycle
small c:lr &gine \vill do nicely for this purpose.
Cut the sbarrk off i~nrl weld a piecc Of 1 in. Ill
the
tubihg lo it. about ti ins. long to receive
wooden ronnpc4iug rtr~l. (Fig. XC).
DPIVEAsscien
Fig. 7.
a.
ADXJSTABLE
&
PUMPS
t?H?K~hlb
CONNECTING ROD FOW lh.
c.
CONNECTING
Rob t%
Fig. N
END
backlash. lhpre should also be an oil hose for

Thr overall
lubrication.
width of the hushes
must be a closr fit in
thP fork to preevnt any
side play.
S~IICT 11~~putnp is :I 5iuglr uVt1ug diaphragm

pulll(~. the two actuating rods arr only in tcnn~nde of ~ootl.
I in.
sirm, ;Incl :IW thrrmcfow
SIIIU!~
c*crrutricit?;
:rnd
the
\Villi
lhr
S~lUi~lY.
fiesitrility
td
!h
wocbli
il is nut necessary
crank
to I~:IVV :I univc~rsal joint ilt the beI1
counccting rod carries
a
woollall
iWil. :hi
wifh :I good fitting
pin
rntl.
fork on its wdl
in the upper arm
of I& in. tli;l. through ;I hole
The pump rod is a similar
of the bell crank.
oiecc of 1 is. square \voort with an adjustab!e
fork zsd on top. Refer to Figs. 8A and 86,
which are self-explanatory.
The bell crank is made from a piece of l/4
in. steel plate, cut as shown in Fig. 9. The
with welded
bosses :IS
holes
are reinforced
and drilled
after welding.
If possible
shown
these bearing holes should be bushed with a
bronze bush, this will
increase the lit% of the
pin ;rncl tirevent the system from developing
3. The PlJrnD
II-it!
pullIt)
sheeted for this applicaliou
is a
single acting diaphragm pump. This design has
been chosen because it is simple to build, with
tllil~llillilig
rc:tuirrd.
It
is
pmctical!v
Iriiniliiuiil
nl:iilitenaiirc
II-CT
cehrap. All pipe eon:IIICI
it
is
uipples
iic~clicms ilW stantl;irci 1 inch watrr-pipe
kklbnws. Th? valves can be any com:llltl
nlerci;lllu
;Ivailable type of non-return
valve.
The pump itself is mounted just below wutrl
level
I fully subrurrgetl)
so that there is no
the rod on the suction stroke.
cwlllprcssitrn
in
slmr~l~l
bc* fitted on the intake valve to
.\ srrwn
prt~verlt foreign malt~~r entering the pump. The
cliafihragui
is ~.~actefruur a piece of inner trite,
t/32 to l/U in. thick. Ihc flange should bv at
Fig
9.
._._-_PUMP
ROD
Fig . Iti
ltwsl
l-l/4 in. witlc
:mcl lakri: # bolts around
the circunlfwrnw,
to enswe n good senl.
As cm be .see11 in Figs. 10 unrl 11. the PUIIIP
is inverted,
the diaphragm
being
operated
throutfh a stirrup attached
to the pump
rod.
This gives the tnuutr greater flexibility
and is
siiuplcr than Icarlinrc the rod through the puurt~
fhc tliwrnhions
of thr lmmp arc not
tuo witic3l
cmcc* the ttianwtcr and strtrkrn havr
been detcrtninecl.
The stirrut) must he itimen
~ionc~l SO that it provides H definite stop cm the
up ;Intl cl6bwn strakr. This will prevent damage
10 the cli:lptrrtigm
during
hnnclling and instab
laticrn.
c~ll;lllllIw.
---- SHEET
HET~C BRAC.KET,
WEIDEDT~ STIRQUP.
A.055
D &MN.
FiH. II.
The main
body of the pump consists of u
piece of pipe or welded ring, closed at one end
:I welded flange on the other.
A
and having
flange ring povides the clamping of the rubber
diaphragm.
See Fig. 11. Two 1 inch water-pipr
nipples arc welded on each side for thr
inlet
and outlet valv(*s. The two discs supportiug the
rubber diaphragm
-were made from Tufnol.
impregnated
fnbrir,
hul any
:I
hard,
resin
similar hard r~ialcrial can be used, f*ven I~arflwood will do. if nothing else ran hr- lwwurett.
Thr cleamncr between discs and putnl~-body is
0.055D and thr inside corners of tbc discs must
be well rounded to prevent cutiixg tlrt* rubber
on thr up and down sir&e.
This is very inlportant. When nsscmbling
the pump,
sealingcompound
is applied
to the rubber between
the discs and the flanges to assure a good seal.
The mounting bar on top of the housing
must
be very stiff and can be (tither welded or bolted
to the top platr. If bolts are used they must he
a good fit and should have copper washers to
insure against leaks. it is most important when
mounting
the pump in the well, to secure the
mounting bar vtary firmly either by concreting,
or bolting to :t couple of cross-timbers in lhc
well. lhe tension forces in the pump-rod are in
the rcginn of 21Ml Ihs. and at high revolutions
this hanlnlrring
will
SOOII shake loose a weak
The pump-rod
should be left longer
mounting.
h-fortmounting
thr
than Ihr required lrngth
After the lmn11, h:is been
pump in tlie well.
installctl am: the bell crank is nlountrtl on thr
frame, lhe i*rll crank is brought to its neutr;lI
position
awl the adjustable fork end of the
pump-rod to hallway on the thread. The rod is
now cut so that it will fit fully into the tube of
the fork,
drilledaud
secured with 4 holts, ah
shown in Fig. 8A. Now the pun~p-rod is pulled
up against
the stop, the eccentric tnrnrcl
to
full stroke and the fork adjusted so thal the pin
goes freely lhrough the hole in 111~ Iwll
Crth.
Now turn the fork nnnthrr one and a half turns
sch.1
the head of wzitcr to
i:; 11~~ vcrtirnl
tlist:l:i~*c~
IJCt\wt*ll
the water Iwc4 ili the Wdl. ;rnd the oiillct
in the rcscrvo,ir. lhc grilpll is alrcacly c*cbrrected
for the dynamic head. which inc!uf!rs
the
friclion in thr pipe ibnd thtb va1~cx From t!lr head
of wuter on the left scale drtiv: a horizontal
linr until
it intersects, the apl>ropri;ltr
wind
speett corye and draw :I sertirnl line through
lhis point.
This will intersect
eve of the fmw
straight
lines marked:
Pump 1. 2, 3. and 4.
Each is !;or one IJUIIII,
of a given tiiametm and
gives on the right hand scalr the proper stroke
for this particular
I~III~~J and I:PYI combination.
OH
gr:Iph
So.
be pumped.
1.
This
Eruniple:
(Follow dotted iinr 011 graph)
He:id 15 ft. windspeed 10 III~*I.
Draw liorizontal
line at 15 ft. head.
with 10 Illlrh. rnrve
draw
At intrsection
VcrtiCill
line.
It intersects str;iight
liiw of pump 2
l+orn this poinl llril\V
horizont;ll
line to the
right hand. stroke-?.ciilc.
This gives 4 stroke of 0.M in.
The pump has to operate
at thi:: stroke
bw
give the best clffirienry
of the rotor.
To obtain
this
stroke from
the bell
crank, pmcced
as
follows: lhc ratios of strnkc ?nrl distancr from
pivot are rqii:il.
I).J.?75:~I-=O.M:x
I?creforf* :
s---
(ixll..Xi
(L.4375
77
.
rhe horizontal :\rnI of the! hell crank will

have to be 7.7 ins long to give :I pump stroke
nf 0.56 in. Fig 9.
The bntlom scale of Graph Ne!. 1 gives the
xtuai
volume in cubic* ins. per stroke pumped
at various wind spcctls.
This inakrs il pf~ssihlc tn tlcterminr
the size
iIII(I
stroke of any
other
:lVilihbk
such
Imlnp,
ns
;I piston
pump.
Find the* hcatl to 1)~ l~u~nprrl and Ihe wind
speefl as hcfore,
draw :I vertical line from this
point tu the bottom
w11e and read the volume
per stroke. Divide
Illis volume hy Ihe piston
area and this will hr the stroke required.
lf. fnr t~Xillllpl~.
a piston ~JUIII~ of 2 in. diaincter 1~cix a~nilat~lc thr hc;ld is again I.i ft.
r:>d the \vinrl SIYCCC~ IO lrlph..
cnntir?rrt:
the
vertical dotted lint tcl fhe base scalr and read

13.3 divided
by 3.14
off 13.3 Cu. ins./strokc.
(artla of piston) gives a sforke of 4.23 ins.
11) obtain
this slrokc III 1.23 ins. from
Ihe
hrll rrank. il ~trultl
IW ;ItlVisablr to alter the
er:.clnlricily
10 NISI 11 IIIWC suitnblr radio :\I fho
Itc41 (*rank. If 1h(* carrrntricity
is marIt* Si in..
Ihen the stroke of the ccmnccting rod bcromrs
I in. This leavrs A ratio of 1 4.23 at the bell
crank, which could br divided intct in vertical
leg of, say, 2?4 ins., and a Iiorizontal leg of
IO.58 ins. long. The hell crank
would have to
be shaped to conform to these measurements.
If a piston, pump is used for this purpose. it
must be a single arting pump, mounted below
water level and operated so that the pump rod
is only in tension. This will assure that there are
no problems either due to buckling of the pump
rod and connecting rod, or trouble with priming of the pump.
Estimating
the Output
of the Pump
(iraph No. 2, Curve A. gives the output of thr

pu111p at the srlcctrtl
(rated) windspcrtl
for the
sitr in clueslion, when pumping against H head
of 111feet. Tlic output ;8t the rat14 wintlspee(l
when
pumrtina
ilpainsl
a hcatl dthrr than
calrUliltt*tl
from (:urvc X by
II! feet may bk
simlllr
proportion.
For rxaniplc,
the piiml~
selected
from
(iraph
which has already heen
No. 1, to pump against a bead of 15 fee1 most
efficiently
in a windspeed
of 10 mph..
will
have an output at 10 mph. of
10
\V := 272 X. - = 181 Inlprrial
~:;lll~Jns l,lr
15
hour.
Note that. at windspeeds other than the rated
windspeed, the pump will give,=an output SOIIWwhat lower than the figure read froul Curve A
of Graph No. 2. :IS it will no longrr be operating at its best efficiency.
For rxample.
the
performance of a particular
pump is indicated
hy Curve B on Graph No. 2, which refers to a
putnl, with a bore of 7-l/4 in. and :I stroke of
7/1fi in. The stroke has bern selcrtrd to give
optimum
performance
at -a windspeed of 9.2
and Cnrve B coincides with
Curve A pt
wh.,
this windspeed.
However.
as thv wintlspced
increases (or decreasrs)
progressively
beyond
the rated windspeed
of Q.2 mph.. the rclativc
performance
of ?hr pump drops off and the
actual output,
read from
Curve 8, becomes $1
progressively
smaller fraction
of lhe optimum
output. read from Curve A.
Pumping at Heads of More Than 30 Feet

In this
:eaflct
consideration
has brrn
t-cstrirted
to a very
low cost pump) :~ntl thr
simplest farm of power transmission
system.
The equipment described ubovc has been tested
when pumping against hinds of up to 30 feet.
It is rxtrctnrly
tliflirul1
18, tlrfinc the ;ic2ual
rest of ;I prcljccnl II~V this in tlclll;irs ;1nd c-ruts.
As in an> l)o.lt-\l,rll.srlf
llrnj,~rl,
the biqcrsl
part nf the job is the labour. which is assu~rd
lo bc frw.
Drlwl~tlirlg
OII tllc skill,
I)atirrCc
and resources 4 the home-l:uild~~r. even the
Cost of tllr Inatc*rials can v:lrv ronGdrmbly.
In thr prolotypr
clc~srribrd
hcrr. only
the
ball bearings, WKMI Ior thr lramr, and plywond
for the rotor WPW purchased nrw. All
nthrr
matrrial
was fwntl
:lrnund
the p!nrr. The bark
of a garage or sm:~ll machinp shop is usually :I
good place to look for things like
pircrs of
If rrn wrlding
equippipe. angles, bolls, etr.
ment is at hand, all the pirres to hr welded
should be carrfully
prcpnred. wired or clamped
nearest
welding
and taken tn thr
togetlirr
~1101. If cvcrything
is properly
prepared,
the
actual welding for thr whole iob will nc,t take
longer than I hour. rhc only parts
rrcluirinil
machining
:I.(* thr Shilft ad:il)tors, the etrentric
flanges and tlisrs for thr
for the* rotor, thr
rbthrr work requirrn
a
diaphia~m
~111111~I.
Ail
drill only.
Finally, fit give :I rougl~ idpa of the r:nst. the
main
ih~ms ;Irc listecl
hrrt* as purchased
in
U;irbadoh, in thr cquivalcnt
of I!.!? TIoll:irs:$4 2.m
.
2 Oil tlrums (gnod condition)
2 Self-alignin;!
Hall Wirings.
flange
14.m
..
..
type
7.50
..
..
Mi ft. 2 s 4 Timber
1 ~lwc*l
in. Plywvcwrl
12.50
(4 ft. R 8 ft.)
30 ft. l/R tliilmetcnr (;:ilvanizrd

Stcrl
..
..
..
Wire
..
..
6 l/J s 4 ius. I~II.II I+uckles
7 ft. l-I/J
1.1). \V;itrr
Iipc (Elotrrr
..
..
..
..
shaft)
1 $4 in. I~(IIY 11itll ILring
(big-*ml I
.
1:) ft. Il;lS:iC Iipc~ (rl?*livcry~
Rolts.
Nuts.
\~;~sll~l~s.
c4r.
. .
. .
Tot,11
U.S.
.30
3.30
2.70
1.60
4.1Q
2.00
9 51.00
TECHNICAL NOTESON THE DIAPHRAGMPUMP

1.
The diaphragm should be of fairly

thick rubber
- rubber from heavy truck or tractor
inner tube is good
- rubber that is too thin or too flexible
is not satisfactory
since under a large head the deformation
of the diaphragm
to negate the full diaphragm displacement,
tends
2.
The stroke may well have to be increased to one or tw> inches,

depending on the rubber flexibility,
In order to effect this, it
may be necessary to increase the clearance between the discs and
the pumpbody.
3.
It was found, in practice

in very remote conditions,
that a fair
bit of experimentation
was needed in order to determine the best
location
of the pump relative
to both the source and the
discharge.
This pump is most efficient
when immersed, however
the pressure head then becomes too great and diaphragm deformation
becomes very significant,
For our 4+" pump, a suction head of about
6 to 8 feet with a pressure head of some 8 to 10 feet was felt to be
about thelimiting
conditions,
4.
The pump rod and connecting rod end connections

should be firm.
Any play in these takes away from the length of stroke,
E. J. GALLAGHER.
_
wmn MOTOR,
APPLICATION FILED APR. 5, I916.
Patented Nov. 2?, 1917,

4 snaps-sneer 1.
E. J. GALLAGHER
WIND MOTOR.
APPLICATION FILED APR.5, 191s.
Patented Nov, 27, 1917.
I30
133
E. J. GALLAGHER.
WIND MOTOR.
APPLICATION FILED APR. 5, I916.
Pmentml Nov. 2?, 191?.

4 SHEEISSHEET 3.
9/
15%
=1: Y
gmuwhw
Edward M: Haggai/150M???
J. M. CLARK.
1:5 GENERATING PLANT.
AF'PLiCAIlUN man MAR. 19. 19M.
1931595
>5 772
19
____Z
Z]
J
$1
/ F019
E. C. BOZIED.
WINDMILL WHEEL.
APPLICATION FILED Aumvo. I920.
11,367,766.
'
Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

2 SHEETS~SHEET l
E. C. BOZI'ED.
WINDMILL WHEEL.
APPLICATION FILED AUG-30; .1920.
1,3673766.
Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
H. G. LLOYD AND 0. A. SPON.

FLUID CURRENT MOTOR.
APPLICATION EILED OCT. 26I I920.
Patented Apr. 18, 1,922.
1,413,411.
'2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
F491.
hil ". 1
.
3:5.
2543556
|__
Illll?.
I!!!
"zw.-
M
| whuu
m
I
Jim/671160775
H.'G.'LLOYD AND C..A. SPON.

FLUID CURRENT MOTOR.
APPLICATION FILED bcf. 26, 1920.
PatentedlApr. 18, 1922.
1,413,411.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
w
I
l
32
188
l luml 1
\\ 2%
was
,mmi'
g
I
Inn/63150715
Jan 9, 1923.
1,441,774.
0. T. ADAMS.
WIND MOTOR.
FILED DEC. 15. 1920.
4. SHEETS-SHEET 1.
18
Jan. 9, 1928,
0. T. ADAMS.
7 1,441,774.
WIND MOTOR.
FILED DEC. 15. 1920.
o I
4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
52
Jan. 9, 1923.,
'
0- T. ADAMS,
'
11.,Mwm.
WVIND MOTOR.
FILED 050.15; 1920-
@1101
~
Wm, MI.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.
W K2571
'Jan. 5 ,1926.
A. GENERICH
156mm I
51.301316 FAN BLADE.

Filed Jan. 7, 1925
861.9%- -
anomlioz
Generic-h,
Dec. 27, 19270
'
1,654,165
D. E. FELT
WINDMILL -
Filed June 18, 1924

("f2
/6
PM
4 Sheets-Sheet l
>1 19
5/
'
#9
2a
5/
22
+2
i____________,
?zz/1E rZT7i~~
June 24, 1930.
s. J. sAvoNlUs
WIND ROTOR
Filed OCT.. ll, 1928
1,766,765~
US 20030235498A1
(19) United States

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0235498 A1
(43) Pub. Date:
Boatner
(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND ENGINE
(76) Inventor: Bruce E. Boatner, Murrieta, CA (US)
Correspondence Address:
Mr. Loyal M. Hanson
Hanson Law Corporation
PO. Box 430
Fallbrook, CA 92088-0430 (US)
(21) Appl. No.:
10/178,209
(22) Filed:
Jun. 24, 2002

Publication Classi?cation
(51)
Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 1/00
(52)
US. Cl. ............................................................ .. 416/119
(57)
ABSTRACT
Avertical axis Wind engine, also referred to as a vertical axis

Wind turbine (VAWT) includes a support structure, a rotor
mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation about
a vertical axis, and at least one airfoil for causing the rotor
Dec. 25, 2003
to rotate about the vertical axis in response to Wind passing
the Wind engine. The airfoil has vertically extending leading

and trailing edges, an angle-of-attack axis extending hori
Zontally through the leading and trailing edges, and a pivotal
axis extending vertically intermediate the leading and trail
ing edges. The airfoil is mounted on the rotor for pivotal
movement about the pivotal axis and the rotor includes
components for limiting pivotal movement of the airfoil to

?rst and second limits of pivotal movement. The airfoil is
free to pivot about the pivotal axis intermediate the ?rst and
second limits of pivotal movement as the rotor rotates about
the vertical axis in order to thereby enable the airfoil to align
the angle-of-attack axis according to the Wind. Preferably,

the Wind engine has more than one free-?ying, self-posi
tioning airfoil, and the rotor includes ?rst and second stops
for each airfoil that augment virtual stop effects to limit
pivotal movement to a radially aligned ?rst limit and a
tangentially aligned second limit. According to another

aspect of the invention, multiple Wind engines are stacked.
Yet another aspect provides an exponentially shaped struc
ture surrounding the vertical axis that funnels Wind toWard
the rotor.
10
l/,'50
16c
'
140
In
<lllll A
'69
I
/l
ll
20
l|||||||||||||ll||l||||||||l||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
US 20040001752A1
(19) United States

Noble
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
TURBINE APPARATUS AND METHOD
(52)
Jan. 1, 2004
US. Cl. ................................................................ .. 416/1
(76) Inventor: James D. Noble, Pearland, TX (US)
(57)
SHAFFER & CULLBERTSON
913 Gulf Breeze Parkway
21
( )
A turbine system (10) for capturing energy from a ?uid
Sulte 43
stream includes a torque arm (12). At least a pair of,
Gulf Breeze FL 32561 (Us)
preferably symmetrical clam shell, turbine blades (14) With
the upper (16) and loWer (18) halves are oppositely con
nected to the torque arm (12). A coordinating system (46) is
pp
l. N .:
10 217 722
(22) Filed;
Aug 13, 2002
connected to the symmetrical clam shell turbine blades (14).

The coordinating system (46) further comprises a ?rst
system (48) and second system (52). The ?rst system (48) is
Related US Application Data

63
(
C
)
(51)
ABSTRACT
t_
t,
t f
1_ f
on mua Ion-m1) O app lea Ion
09/813 423
0'
connected to control and regulate opening and closing of the
upper(16) and loWer (18) halves of each individual clam
?led on Mar' 20 2001 HOW abandoned

shell turbine blade(14). The second system (52) is connected

betWeen each pair of the symmetrical clam shell turbine
Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 1/00
blades (14) so that as one clam shell turbine blade(14) closes

the opposite clam shell turbine blade (14) is forced open.
54
WW
US 20040057830A1
(19) United States

(43) Pub. Date:
Boatner
(54) ROTATING DISPLAY APPARATUS
Mar. 25, 2004
Which a user may display promotional, political, or other
information, including using the shape of the Wind-reactive

(76) Inventor: Bruce E. Boatner, Murrieta, CA (US)
elements as the displayed information. The Wind-reactive

elements (airfoil or non-airfoil) cause the rotor to rotate
P.O. Box 430
about the rotational axis in response to Wind passing the

rotating display apparatus. Each is free to pivot betWeen a
respective one of ?rst and second pairs of stop positions as
Fallbrook, CA 92088-0430 (US)
the rotor rotates a bout the rotational axis in order to
Mr. Loyal M. Hanson

Hanson Law Corporation
(21) Appl. No.:
10/254,204
self-align according to Wind direction and impart rotational

movement to the rotor, moving through ?ve phases per
(22) Filed:
Sep. 25, 2002
revolution as they orbit the rotational axis. One embodiment

includes a constricting dampener mechanism that includes a
spring arranged to constrict radially against a cylindrical

portion of a pivot tube in order to inhibit pivotal movement
(51)
(52)
(57)
Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 3/06

US. Cl. ............................................ .. 416/61; 416/119
of the tube (and thereby the associated Wind-reactive ele

ment of Which the tube is a part) When the Wind-reactive
element reaches a predetermined stop position. Another
ABSTRACT
A rotating display apparatus includes a support structure, a

rotor mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation
about a vertically disposed rotational axis, and at least tWo
(preferably more) Wind-reactive elements on the rotor on
SUPPORT
embodiment includes a moveable stop that restricts the free

movement of the Wind-reactive element in relation to the
rotational speed of the rotor by means of centrifugal force.

Yet another embodiment includes a dampener mechanism
that disengages in heavy Wind conditions.
US 20040183310A1
(19) United States

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2004/0183310 A1
M0wll
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
MOWLL-BERNOULLI WIND POWER
(52)
Sep. 23, 2004
US. Cl. ............................................ .. 290/55; 290/1 R
GENERATOR
(76) Inventor: Jack MOWll, Baltimore, MD (US)
(57)
ABSTRACT
Royal W- Craig
AWind power generator. The apparatus comprises a vortex
La_W O?ices of Royal W Cralg
housing With a large frontal opening at one end and a smaller
$311? 153] t St t
Baltiinoievia?) 2113502 (Us)
exhaust opening at another end. The housing further has a

concave internal surface leading rearWard to the exhaust
opening and an exhaust channel. A propeller-driven electri
(21) App1_ No;
10/805,098
(22)
Mall 19, 2004
Filed:
cal generator is mounted inside the exhaust channel for

generating electrical poWer from the Wind. The apparatus is
mounted atop a vertical-axis base for free pivotal movement,
and a plurality of air-foil ?ns are mounted toWard the rear of
Related US Apphcatlon Data
the housing to continuously maintain the frontal opening of
(60) Provisional application No. 60/456,109, ?led on Mar.

19 2003'
Publication
Classi?cation
th? a.pparam.S facmg. the Wmd' Based uPOn.BernOu1h.S
principle, Wind entermg the frontal opemng increases in

velocity as it is constricted toWards the exhaust opening and
c h anne 1 .
Th us,
1
h'gh
ve 1 oc1t
' y Wm
' d is
' create d
for P assm
' g
over and turning the generators propellers and thereby

(51)
Int. Cl.7 ..................................................... .. H02P 9/04
4>
l0
_,..
increasing the rotation speed of the propellers.
{.
\
l2
US 20050263057A1
(19) United States

(43) Pub. Date:
Green
(54) CYCLOSAIL WIND TURBINE
(76) Inventor: Douglas Lynde Green, Denver, CO
(Us)
Douglas L. Green
1680 Pecos Way
Denver, CO 80221 (US)
(52)
(57)
Dec. 1, 2005
US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 114/1021
ABSTRACT
AVertical Axis Wind Turbine comprising: Ahub housing an

alternator or generator, gearbox, arbor, tachometer and pro
grammable logic controller. At the upper outer radius of the
hub is a track supporting the landing gear for the Wind rotor.
Above the hub a large elongated Wind rotor is attached to the
arbor With landing gear that ride on the track. The rotor is the
(21) Appl. No.:
11/139,838
(22) Filed:
May 27, 2005
support structure providing anchoring for masts, sails and
Related US. Application Data
boom control systems. Attached to the top/center of the rotor

is a toWer With cables supporting the outer perimeter por
tions of the rotor arms. At the top of the toWer is a
(60)
Provisional application No. 60/576,066, ?led on Jun.

1, 2004.
(51)
Int. Cl? ................................................... .. B63B 35/00
Weathervane and position controller. Fabric sails are

attached to the mast assemblies and controlled by resolvers.
When the Wind causes rotation the programmable logic
controller adjusts the sails to best catch the Wind regardless

of Wind direction or their position While the rotor is rotating.
US 20050263057A1
(19) United States

(43) Pub. Date:
Green
(54) CYCLOSAIL WIND TURBINE
(76) Inventor: Douglas Lynde Green, Denver, CO
(Us)
Douglas L. Green
1680 Pecos Way
(52)
(57)
Dec. 1, 2005
US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 114/1021
ABSTRACT
AVertical Axis Wind Turbine comprising: Ahub housing an

alternator or generator, gearbox, arbor, tachometer and pro
grammable logic controller. At the upper outer radius of the
hub is a track supporting the landing gear for the Wind rotor.
Above the hub a large elongated Wind rotor is attached to the
arbor With landing gear that ride on the track. The rotor is the
(21) Appl. No.:
11/139,838
(22) Filed:
May 27, 2005
support structure providing anchoring for masts, sails and
boom control systems. Attached to the top/center of the rotor

is a toWer With cables supporting the outer perimeter por
tions of the rotor arms. At the top of the toWer is a
(60)

1, 2004.
(51)
Int. Cl? ................................................... .. B63B 35/00
Weathervane and position controller. Fabric sails are

attached to the mast assemblies and controlled by resolvers.
When the Wind causes rotation the programmable logic
controller adjusts the sails to best catch the Wind regardless

of Wind direction or their position While the rotor is rotating.
US 20070018462A1
(19) United States

Richards et al.
(54) GENERATOR
(75)
(43) Pub. Date:

(30)
Inventors: Malcolm Colin Richards, Hucknall
Jan. 25, 2007
Foreign Application Priority Data
Jun. 5, 2003
Nottingham (GB); Bernard John

Sheridan, South Clifton Newark (GB);
(GB) ....................................... .. 03129038
Margaret Sheridan, legal

representative, South Clifton Newark
(51)
(GB); Anthony Whitham, Burton
Joyce Nottingham (GB)

(52)
HARNESS, DICKEY, & PIERCE, P.L.C
7700 BONHOMME, STE 400
ST. LOUIS, MO 63105 (US)
(73) Assignee: INTEC POWER HOLDINGS LIM
ITED, Old Basford, Nottingham (GB)

(21) Appl. No.:
10/559,591
(22)
PCT Filed:
Jun. 1, 2004
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/GB04/02353
371(c)(1),
(2), (4) Date:
109
103%
May 9, 2006
Int. Cl.
F03D 9/00
H02P 9/04
US. Cl.
(57)
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
.............................................................. .. 290/55
ABSTRACT
A wind powered generator comprising ?rst and second

current generator means arranged to generate electric current
in response to relative rotation between the two generator
means; at least one rotary part having vanes, the rotary part
being operatively connected to one of the generator means
and arranged to rotate in a ?rst direction around an axial
shaft when exposed to a ?ow of air perpendicular to the
shaft; and said axial shaft is con?gured to receive electrical

connection means therethrough, said electrical connection
means con?gured to provide an electrical connection
between said current generating means and generator elec
trical means.
US 20080023964A1
(19) United States

Sureshan
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL WIND TURBINE
(52)
Jan. 31, 2008
U.S. Cl. ............................................. .. 290/55; 415/2.1
(75) Inventor: Vaheisvaran Sureshan, Sydney (AU)

(57)
ABSTRACT
STETINA BRUNDA GARRED & BRUCKER
75 ENTERPRISE, SUITE 250

ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 (Us)
An omni directional, vertical discharge Wind turbine, con

sisting of a shroud that captures Wind from any direction and
directs it to How vertically through a throat section Where an
(73)
Assignee? Katru Eco-Inventions Pty Ltd-
aerofoil multi-bladed rotor is mounted. The rotor shaft is

connected to an electrical poWer generator. The intake of the
(21) Appl' NO:

_
(22) Flled:
11/820123
shroud incorporates multiple horizontally curved blades of
Jun 18 2007
.
Related U's' Apphcatlon Data

(63) Continuation of application No. PCT/AU05/ 11882,
?led on D e0 23 2004'
(30)
toroidal form va
in u to nearl tWice the siZe of the rotor
diameter, stackeld: stgaggered andy secured in place by mul
ti le aerod namic vertical Walls in the radial direction, to
fciim a cehtral collection chamber for Wind. The blade

living angles ,and the Stacking arrangmem are Such that
While acceleratmg and focusing the Wind, across the full
sWept area of the rotor blades, the loss of air from the central
collection chamber is signi?cantly reduced by air ?oW

forming a ?uid dynamic gate across inactive faces. Utilizing
Dec. 23, 2004
(AU) .................................... .. 2004907279
21 Wedge and Collar near the Open t01D discharge the free Wind
stream ?owing across the open top assists in increasing the

How of air through the rotor. With the increased extraction
and Wider operational envelop, the energy produced per

(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 9/00
F03D 1/04
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
annum of this omni-directional shrouded vertical Wind tur

bine is anticipated to be much higher than that of a standard
free Wind turbine of same rotor diameter.
VERTICAL SECTION THROUGH CEIMPLETE SHRDUD ASSEMBLY. AA
F REE WIND
11.
US 20080131281A1
(19) United States

Kariya
(54)
(76)
(43) Pub. Date:
VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL WITH

GUIDING DEVICES
Inventor:
(57)
COHEN & POKOTILOW, LTD.

11TH FLOOR, SEVEN PENN CENTER, 1635
MARKET STREET
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2212
PCT Filed:
Feb. 27, 2006
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/IN06/00064
371 (0X1)
(2), (4) Date:
Jul. 13, 2007
(30)
(200601)
us. Cl. ...................................................... .. 416/183
ABSTRACT
The instant invention deals With the solution to technical

?aWs of existing vertical axis Windmills in Which the Wind
strikes simultaneously on inWard and outWard facing sides of
rotor blades Which reduce e?iciency. Hence, this invention,

i.e., the vertical axis Windmill With Wind guiding device,
11/813,966
(22)
Int- Cl
F03D 3/04
(52)
CAESAR, RIVISE, BERNSTEIN,
(21) Appl. No.:
(51)
Vinod Kumar Chamanlal Kariya,

Gularat (IN)
Jun. 5, 2008
includes vertical plates Which are ?xed from the bottom of a

base structure to the top of a rotor in an annular array. In
between any tWo vertical plates, inclined plates are ?xed from
the bottom of the base structure to the top of the base struc
ture. These plates are tilted toWards the concave side of the
rotor blades. The vertical and inclined plates are ?xed in
angular and radial directions so that Whenever the Wind bloWs
from any direction, it gets compressed and then is diverted

toWards the Wind receiving blades. Also the vertical plates
protect the convex side of the rotor blades from Wind While
Mar. 22, 2005
(IN) ......................... .. 326/MUM/2005
diverting the Wind toWards the Wind receiving blades.
Bird's Eye View of windmill

with Wind Guiding Device
US 20080304968A1
(19) United States

(43) Pub. Date:
Flte
(54)
VERTICAL-AXIS TURBINE FOR

CAPTURING THE FORCE OF MOVING
GASES OR LIQUIDS AND A METHOD FOR
ITS USE
Dec. 11, 2008
(60)

8, 2007.
(76)
Inventor:
David L. Fite, Mount Orab, OH
(51)
(Us)
(52)
Int. Cl.
F03D 3/06
F033 3/12
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
US. Cl. ........................................... .. 416/140; 416/1
(57)
MUSKIN & CUSICK LLC

30 Vine Street, SUITE 6
A vertical-axis turbine is provided, Which comprises tWo or

more arc-shapedblades Which canpivot so as to decrease drag
ABSTRACT
Lansdale, PA 19446 (US)
and maximize the force collected by each blade from moving

gas or liquid. These arc-shaped blades can also be capable of
directing moving gas or liquid from one blade to another.
(21) Appl. No.:

(22)
Filed:
12/135,885
Additionally, these blades can comprise thin strips along their
Jun. 9, 2008
outer edge, Which can increase their strength and rigidity as

Well as increase the amount of force captured by each blade
from the moving gas or liquid.
500
530
533
503
US 20090066088A1
(19) United States

Liang
(43) Pub. Date:
Mar. 12, 2009
(54)
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
(52)
US. Cl. .......... .. 290/55; 415/42; 416/11; 416/132 B
Ray-Hung Liang, Morris Plains,
(76) Inventor:
NJ (US)
(57)
ABSTRACT
Ray-Hung Liang
One aspect of the present invention relates to a vertical axis

Wind turbine. In one embodiment, the vertical axis Wind
turbine comprises a rotor comprising a vertical oriented shaft,
and a plurality of vertical oriented blades angle-equally and
48 Battle Ridge Road

Morris Plains, NJ 07950 (US)
(21) Appl. No.:
11/900,270
radially secured to the vertical aligned shaft. Each of the
Sep. 10, 2007
plurality of vertical oriented blades has a face side, a back

side, at least one WindoW and at least one pane pivotally
mounted onto the at least one WindoW on the face side such
that the at least one pane is rotatable between a closed position
(22) Filed:
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 1/00
F03D 9/00
and an opening position around a pivotal axis responsive to a
Wind condition thereof. The pivotal axis is substantially per

pendicular to the vertical oriented shaft.
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
2 0
295
226
290
224
US 20090140528A1
(19) United States

Ireland
(43) Pub. Date:
(54) WIND AND UPDRAFT TURBINE

Inventor:
(30)
Barry l1I Ireland Moosomin
Publication
. . . . . Classi?cation
. . . . . . . . . . ..
(51) Int CL
FULBRIGHT & JAWORSKI L.L.P
F03D 9/00
2200 ROSS AVENUE SUITE 280
(52)
DALLAS, TX 75201-2784 (US)
(73) Assignee?

20,
Jun. 4, 2009
(57)
(200601)
us. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55
ABSTRACT
BRI Ene_rgy solutions Limited,
The invention relates to the ?eld of electrical generation and
Moosomln (CA)
more speci?cally to the use of a Wind turbine for generating
electricity. The invention provides a fully integrated vertical

(21)
Appl. No.:
12/334,333
axis Wind turbine (VAWT) Which can be mounted on a cylin
(22)
Filed;
Dec_ 12, 2008
permanent magnet generator integral to the VAWT, the rotor

blades being coupled directly to a rotating, current inducing
drical pole. Rotor blades are disposed on the outside of a
set of permanent magnets or rotor for rotation about a station
(63)
ary, current generating stator. At least three rotor blades are
Continuation-in-pa1t of application No. 12/298,472.
used Which are vertically Offset frOm One another.
\A
f
430
/A/
450
410%,)
460
400
US 20090322095A1
(19) United States

Mazur
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
WIND TURBINE
(76) Inventor:
Dec. 31, 2009
(5 1) Int. Cl.
F03D 11/00
Ed Mazur, Sierra Vista, AZ (U S)
(52)
(2006.01)
US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55
(57)
DAMBROSIO & ASSOCIATES, P.L.L.C.
ABSTRACT
_
10260 WESTHEIMER SUITE 465

HOUSTON, TX 77042 (Us)
A w1nd turblne hav1ng one or more sets of opposlng magnets

to create an opposing force between a turbine support and a
turbine rotor great enough to form a space between them
thereby reducing friction between the turbine support and the

turbine rotor. The reduction of friction between the turbine
(21)
Appl' N05
12/215,233
(22)
Filed:
Jun. 26, 2008
rotor and the turbine support allows for an increase in energy
production and scale of the wind turbines.
[100
I
126
: l :2.4///////////4
IL'
108\
I
110D\
I f
/104
_
/110D
I /
118/
2/
113
;,/106
1/
/
/
a
110A 110A
116
130
110A 110A
128
122
7%//////////l///////)Q///
124
120
123
1108
\106
US 20100066094A1
(19) United States

Bernhoff
(43) Pub. Date:
(54) WIND-POWER UNIT WITH VERTICAL AXIS

(75)
Inventor:
Hans Bernhoffs Uppsala (SE)
(30)
(51) Int. Cl.

F03D 9/00
F03D 11/04
1300 I STREET, NW
(52)
WASHINGTON, DC 20005 (US)
(57)
(2006.01)
(2006-01)
US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to a Wind-power unit With a Wind tur
(73) Asslgnee'
VERTICAL WIND AB
(21) Appl. No.:

(22)
Jun. 11, 2007 (SE) .................................. .. 0701407-9

DYKEMA GOSSETT PLLC

FRANKLIN SQUARE, THIRD FLOOR WEST,
Mar. 18, 2010
12/451,609
PCT Filed
'
Oct 6 2008
'
bine, a generator With vertical axis (8, 9, 10). A supporting

pillar (2) supports the Wind turbine and a foundation (3) is
arranged for the supporting pillar (2). According to the inven

tion, the stator (8, 9) of the generator (8, 9, 10) is integrated
With the foundation (3). The invention also relates to an elec
tric mains connected to a Wind-power unit according to the
invention. The invention also relates to a method in the pro
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/SE2008/050693
371 (c)(1),
(2), (4) Date:
Nov. 20, 2009
duction of such a foundation. According to the method, the

stator is built together to a generator having the foundation.
The invention furthermore relates to use of the Wind-power
unit to generate electrical energy.
US 20100213720Al
(19) United States

(43) Pub. Date:
Bailey et al.
(54)
SHROUDED VERTICAL AXIS

DUAL-TURBINE GENERATOR
(76) Inventors:
Laura J. Bailey, Denver, CO (US);

John T. Bailey, Denver, CO (US)
Related U.S. Application Data
(60)
Laura J. Bailey
(51)
(52)
Provisional application No. 60/904,411, ?led on Mar.

2, 2007.
2515 S. Hazel Ct.
Aug. 26, 2010
(57)
Int. Cl.
F03D 9/00
F03D 7/06
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
U.S. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 415/4.2
ABSTRACT
The Shrouded Vertical Axis Dual-Turbine Generator is a sys
(21) Appl. No.:
12/449,842
tem consisting of a superstructure in the shape of a symmetri

cal foil, With a vertical axis turbine set into the camber of each
side. The leading edge of the superstructure increases the
(22)
PCT Filed:
Feb. 29, 2008
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/US2008/004269
speed of the Water or air current pas sing around the generator.
The trailing edge creates a slip stream Which reduces turbu
lence. Shutters on each side of the superstructure control the
amount of current in contact With the turbines by sliding
forward or rearward to increase or decrease How to the tur
371 (00).
(2), (4) Date:
bines. The turbines are modular in design and can be custom
Aug. 28, 2009
iZed into longer or shorter turbines, depending on application.
US 20110006526A1
(19) United States

Hemmingsson
(43) Pub. Date:
(54) PITCH CONTROL ARRANGEMENT FOR
(30)
Jan. 13, 2011
WIND TURBINE
Dec. 20, 2007
(75) Inventor:
Jonas Hemmingsson, Stockholm

(SE)
(SE) .................................. .. 0702854-1
(51)
Int. Cl.
H021) 9/04
(200601)
YOUNG & THOMPSON

209 Madison street suite 500
(52)
Alexandria, VA 22314 (US)
(57)
(73) Assignee:
US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/44
ABSTRACT
LILJEHOLM KONSULT AB,
A pitch control arrangement for a Wind turbine of the vertical
Stockholm (SE)
axis type. Cam element and cam follower element are

arranged to set the pitch angle of a turbine blade in accordance
With a predetermined cyclic variation. The cam element
(21) Appl, No.1
12/809,712
(22) PCT Filed;
Dec, 19, 2008
(86)
PCT NO;
PCT/sE2008/051541
371 (0X1),
(2), (4) Date;
Jul. 29, 2010
includes a cam surface of different cam pro?les, Which de?ne
different predetermined cyclic variation of the pitch angle.

The present invention provides an improved ef?ciency for a
Wind turbine irrespective of actual Wind conditions, and fur
ther, both self-starting capability and high ef?ciency at a Wide
range of rotation speeds is accomplished using a simple and
reliable construction.
US 20110008167A1
(19) United States

Cummings
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
HINGED SAIL VERTICAL-AXIS WIND

GENERATOR FOR RESIDENTIAL GROUND
OPERATION
Inventor:
Christian
Cummings
(51)
LeWiSViHe
Cl-
(2006.01)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
(57)
ABSTRACT
EZHFSPOHTHSE AddFeSSZ
A ground-level vertical-axis Wind generator introduces the
3l7nlgtlfgll) _ ummmgs
use of reverse push-away hinges and soft sails speci?cally
_ in 1.132375 0 5 6 U 5
ewlsvl 6
.
(
_
(73) Asslgnee'
made for safe operation in a residential environment. The

)
concave sails harness the Wind energy, each one tensioned
fhrlstlqln
between tWo curved support arms, Which connect to the cen
umsmmgs
eWlSVl 6
tral rotor via butt hinges. These hinges and soft sails yield
(U )
safety to alloW the Wind generator to operate at ground level.
(21) Appl' NO"

.
The rotor drives an alternator included in the support structure
12/564905
of the Wind generator via a gear assembly. The alternator
Flled'
generates the electricity and a direct current to alternating
sep' 22 2009
.
(60)
Int Cl
F03D 3/06
US.
TX (U S)
(22)
Jan. 13, 2011
current poWer inverter converts the electrical current to match
that of the residential utility grid. No installation is required;

Provisional app1icati0nNO_ 61/223,651, ?led on Ju1_ 7,
instead, it operates at ground-level in the backyard, Which

makes this safe and easy-to-assemble invention a cost effec
tive alternative to harnessing free energy.
2009.
18
//
xy
115
Q
110
[118
l
\
/
6
(Til
2F
\\
US 20110042962A1
(19) United States

Yoon
(43) Pub. Date:
(54) VERTICAL SHAFT TYPE DARIUS
(30)
Feb. 24, 2011
WINDMILL
Jul. 31, 2008
(75) Inventor:
Yang H Yoon, GWangju (KR)
(KR) ...................... .. 10-2008-0075358
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 9/00
CHRISTOPHER PAUL MITCHELL
(52)
US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55
888 16TH ST., NW, SUITE 800

WASHINGTON, DC 20006 (US)
(57)
(2006-01)
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a Darrieus Windmill, and

.
more speci?cally, to a vertical axis type Darrieus Windmill
(73) Asslgnee'
gYGNUSIEQWER CO" LTD

Wangiu (
that enables self-start in the loW Wind velocity range. The

Darrieus Windmill, in Which a primary vertical shaft is rotated
by the lift forces generated by primary blades, has a starting

(21) Appl. No.:
-
12/989,956
_
means for assisting the starting or rotation of the primary shaft

at a 10W Wind velocity. The present invention provides advan
tages of enabling self-start and rotation due to the lift gener
(22)
PCT Flled'
Jul 31 2009
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/KR09/04313
ated by the blade in loW Wind velocity conditions and

enabling the generation of rotating moments in any Wind
direction or Wind velocity, thereby easily starting even in
urban areas With very loW Wind velocities or large variations
371 (c)(1),
(2), (4) Date:
in Wind direction, and thus enabling the generation of elec

Oct. 27, 2010
tricity over a Wide range of Wind velocities.
US 20110103942Al
(19) United States

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0103942 Al
Green et al.
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
WIND ENERGY SYSTEM
(75) Inventors._
_
.
.
.
Colin
Green, Victoria
(CA),_ Nick
( 51)
Dan
Blitterswyk,
Lucy, BoZeman,
New York,
MTNY
(US);
(US);
Michael Blevins, BoZeman, MT
(Us)
(73) Assignee:
May 5, 2011
(
' )
(200601)
F03D 11/00
(52)
The Green Electric Company,

Inc., BoZeman, MT (US)
Int. Cl.
(57)
US. Cl. ..................... .. 415/183; 415/211.1; 415/201
ABSTRACT
Wind energy s y stems comP rise a Wind accelerator havin g a
(21) Appl' NO:

_
(22)
12/771,898
Flled'
port assembly. The Wind accelerator has a front region and a
Apr 30 2010
.
(60)
support assembly and an outer structure surrounding the sup
_
.

Provisional application No, 61/256,174, ?led on Oct
rear region. The rear region is substantially Wider than the

front region, and the outer structure tapers from the rear
29, 2009, provisional application No. 61/256,474,
region to the front region. One or more turbines are mounted

on the support assembly at or near the rear region of the Wind
accelerator or at or near the Widest point of the Wind accel
?led on Oct. 30, 2009.
erator.
/216
US 20110142641Al
(19) United States

Anderson
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
ENCLOSED VERTICAL AXIS FLUID ROTOR
(76) Inventor:
(57)
OR (Us)
A enclosed vertical axis ?uid rotor used as a Wind turbine of
ABSTRACT
tWo designs having multiple sails that are concave on the
Appl' NO"
12/905058
inside and convex on the outer side Which alloWs omni
(22)
US. Cl. .................................................. .. 416/132 B
Bruce Elliot Anderson, Eugene,

_
(21)
(52)
Jun. 16, 2011
directional Wind or other ?uids to engage sails to create opti
Flled:
Oct 14 2010
_
mum ?uid momentum. These are sectional segmentation of
each rotor that can be stacked upon one another at locating lug
Related Us Apphcatlon Data
points to be attached to each rotor to keep radial alignment
(60) Provisional application No. 61/272,626, ?led on Oct.
Precise during assembly- The Preferred embodiment Would
14, 2009, provisional application No_ 61/283,988

?led on Dec_ 10, 2009
be of composite materials or plastics that can be molded to a

given design of three or more stages. The advantage of this
turbine is using the ?uids to their optimum e?iciency. These
Pubhcatlon Classl?catlon
(51)
Int, C],
F03D 11/00
(200601)
designs have loW starting speed, loW precession, and loW
drag. One design has a central axis that turns With bearings
With the rotor and the other design is a central static (non
turning) axis shaft that alloWs the turbine to turn on bearings.
US 20110175366A1
(19) United States

Steinlechner
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
LOW-PROFILE POWER-GENERATING WIND
(52)
Jul. 21, 201 1
US. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/55; 415/222
TURBINE
(76) Inventor:
Johann Steinlechner, Palm
Springs, CA (US)
(57)
(21)
1Xppl.lo;
13/009,735
ABSTRACT
_
A W1ndturb1ne is disclosed Wh1ch uses energy in air movmg
(22)
Filed;
Jam 19, 2011
relatively toward the turbine to focus and increase the Velocity
Related US, Application Data
of air entering a turbine inlet air ?oW passage. The inlet ?oW
passage discharges focused and accelerated air to blades of a
_ _
(60)
rotor Where the blades interact With that air to turn the rotor.
PrOVlslOnal apphcanon NO 61/296,280 ?led on Jan

19 2010'
_
(51)
Int, C],
Rotor motion can be used to operate an electrical generator.

The plane of rotation of the rotor can be at substantially right
an les to the lane of the assa e inleto enin .Baf?es inthe
?ov passagerand stator vgnes a1j acent the rotir blades cause
the mass How of the accelerated air to be substantially uni
F03D 9/00
(200601)
form, and desirably directed, throughout the rotors blade
F03D 1/04
(200601)
area. The turbine is compact and operates quietly.
16
)7
24W
GENERATOR
A {-25
|N\/.
N
o
US 20120099994A1
(19) United States

Eguizabal
(43) Pub. Date:
Apr. 26, 2012
(54)
VERTICAL-AXIS WIND ROTOR
(76) Inventor:
(52)
Us. or. .................................................. .. 416/197R
Juan Jose Eguizabal, Logrono (La
(57)
Rioja) (ES)
ABSTRACT
This present invention relates to a wind rotor with a vertical
shaft, formed by means of a vertical shaft (1), two horizontal
(21) Appl. No.:
13/379,046
end supports (3, 3) and a plurality of blades (4, 4) arranged
(22)
PCT Filed:
Feb. 15, 2011
between said supports. The features of the invention are cen

tered on the fact that the blades (4, 4) are of two types, in an
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/ES2011/000038
371 (0X1)
(2), (4) Date:
for forming drag elements and blades (4) prepared for form
ing lift elements, with the additional particularity that the
Dec. 19, 2011
causing a braking effect in the rotor. This structure eliminates

many of the drawbacks of the known wind rotors with a
vertical shaft, such that it does not require an important start
(30)
Mar. 2, 2010
(ES) ............................... .. P201000283
(51)
Int. or.
F03D 11/02
alternating arrangement, blades (4) prepared and con?gured

latter stall when they exceed a pre-established wind speed,
ing torque, a braking system with strong winds, or the orien

tation and reorientation with respect to the dominant winds.
Nor is it limited to being used with laminar winds, and it does
not require being arranged at great heights, being able to be

installed on a short support post (2) in optimal operating
(2006.01)
conditions.
US 20120107085A1
(19) United States

McCoWan et al.
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
HOUSING AND MASS AIRFLOW RATE

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A WIND TURBINE
(51)
_ _
(75)
Inventors:
William Paul McCoWan;
gueenstlolwna Mghws); J01};

pence
ayes
apman,
.;
May 3, 2012
Int. Cl.
F03D 3/04
(2006.01)
F 03D 11/00
(2006.01)
F03D 7/06
(200601)
(52) us. Cl. ............. .. 415/1; 415/42; 415/126; 415/141
White Hall; MD (US); Donald
(57)
George Myers, Forest Hill, MD

(US)
The present invention provides control for air?ow to a wind

turbine that allows a wind turbine to operate cost effectively
and e?iciently in a wide range of speeds and a variety of
ABSTRACT
Total Energy Renewable Power
assembly located within an interior space of the housing; and
ambient conditions. A system has a housing; a wind turbine
(73) Assignee;
systems, LLC Annapolis, MD
at least one moveable shutter or de?ector. The wmd turbine
(Us)
assembly mcludes a shaft; a plurality of air foils or turbine
blades; and a plurality of spars supporting the plurality of air

foils or turbine blades rotatably around the shaft. At least one
movable shutter or de?ector is coupled to the housing and
(21) APP1- NOJ
12/915,687
adjustably positioned relative to the open sides of the housing

to be able to move between different positions to partially or
(22)
Filed:
Oct. 29, 2010
fully cover each open side depending upon the wind speed of
the ambient wind.
120
112
l26
126a
US 20120119502A1
(19) United States

HUANG et al.
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
VERTICAL WIND POWER GENERATOR
WITH AUTOMATICALLY UNSTRETCHABLE

BLADES
(76)
Inventors:
(21) Appl. No.:
May 17, 2012
51
(
TZu_Ya0 HUANG, Taichung City
I t Cl
)
(52)
n '
'
F03D 9/00
B64C 27/00
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
US. Cl. ..................................... .. 290/55; 416/170 R
(TW); Tso-Cheng Hsiao, Taichung
(57)
City (TW)
A vertical Wind power generator With automatically
ABSTRACT
12/972,443
unstretchable blades is disclosed. The vertical Wind poWer

generator includes a generator, a linkage mechanism, a lifting
type blade assembly, a resistance type blade assembly and a
drive unit. The drive unit provides poWer for driving the
(22) Filed:
linkage mechanism. The drive unit has an output shaft mov

able between a ?rst position and a second position. When the
Dec. 18, 2010
output shaft is moved to the ?rst position, the linkage mecha

nism is driven to move the resistance type blades to a
(30)
Nov. 15,2010
(TW) ............................... .. 099139145
stretched position. When the output shaft is moved to the

second position, the linkage mechanism is driven to move the
resistance type blades to an unstretched position.
50
51
52
/
\_
70
20
21
US 20120153632A1
(19) United States

Suttisiltum
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:

GENERATOR
(76) Inventor:
(51)
Apichat Suttisiltum, Bangkok

(TH)
Int CL
F03D 3/04
(2006.01)
F03D 9/00
(52)
Appl' NO':
13/393532
(22) PCT Filed:
Sep. 6, 2010
plurality of V-shape longitudinal cup type blades mounted

horizontally in one or more circulars around a rotor to
received the Wind mass and push the turbine to rotate, a
PCT NO"
371 (6X1)
PCT/TH10/00033
step-up gear to increase the turbine shaft rotation speed, a

generator is to be rotated by the drive shaft of step-up gear, a
Feb 29 2012
While the turbine rotation to make it rotate similarly; freely

?oated in the air, and a set of Wind velocity accelerating tunnel
to increase Wind mass bloWing from any directions to a higher
velocity than the natural instantaneous Wind speed When
_
(2), (4) Dam
(30)
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a vertical axis Wind turbine

generator comprising one turbine. The turbine comprises a
(86)
(2006.01)
US. Cl. ........................................................ .. 290/55
(57)
(21)
Jun. 21, 2012
lift-up equipment for eliminating friction loss at the bearings

Sep. 8, 2009
(TH) .............................. .. 0901004039
approaching blades front. The turbine set is installed on a
Oct. 7, 2009
(TH) .............................. .. 0901004535
toWer structure.
(1
(I
I
I
l
/
US 20120189428Al
(19) United States

Gamberini
(43) Pub. Date:
(54) WIND TURBINE

(75)
Inventor:
(30)
Enzo Gamberini Zola Predosa
Jul. 28, 2009
(Bologna) (1T)
.
(73) Asslgnee.
832x512)
(22)
PCT Filed
'
Int. Cl.
F 03D 7/06
Crespellano
F03D 3/04
(52)
(21) Appl. No.:
(IT) ........................ .. RE2009A000077
(51)
Jul. 26, 2012
(2006.01)
(200601)
US. Cl. ....................................................... .. 415/4.4
13/387,368
(57)
Feb 10 2010
A Wind turbine device comprising a base frame Which sup

ports a vertical axis Wind operated rotor, the axis being asso
'
ABSTRACT
ciated to a user device and being contained in a matchingly
dimensioned cylindrical casing exhibiting tWo openings,

(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/EP10/51650
371 (0X1),
24D
,
ate:
A102012
pr.
,
14 .
respectively an inlet and an outlet, aligned perpendicular to

the rotor axis, the casing being driven to rotate about the axis
by a member sensitive to the direction of the Wind, such that
"l
th'l
e 1n et opemng
1s a Ways f"
acmg into th'd
e Wm .
US 20120294705A1
(19) United States

Unno
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATING

APPARATUS
(76) Inventor:
(51)
Yuji Unno, Tokyo (JP)
(21) Appl. No.:
13/390,363
Int CL
F03B 3/00
(2006.01)
F03B 11/00
(52)
NOV. 22, 2012
(2006.01)
US. Cl. ...................................................... .. 415/151
(57)
ABSTRACT
The apparatus includes a water collecting plate 6 which col
(22)
PCT Flledt
Sep- 1, 2011
lects water into a water in?ow opening 8 while intercepting

and accumulating water ?owing through a waterway, and a
(86)
_
PCT NO"
371 (0X1)
PCT/JP11/69889
movable gate 5 which is capable of changing ?ow cross

sectional area of water ?ow acting to the top ends of rotor
blades 33 of a vertical axis turbine 3 as in?owing from the
_
(2), (4) Dam
Feb 14 2012
water in?ow opening 8. Here, owing to changing of ?ow

cross-sectional area with opening and closing of the movable
the upstream side and opening area of an ori?ce hole and

operation of the rotor blades 33 can be stopped by blocking
gate 5, a ?ow rate can be adjusted by changing a water level at
(30)
May 18, 2011
(JP) ............................... .. 2011-111809
water passing toward the vertical axis turbine 3.
*6
UPSTREAM SIDE
DOWNSTREAM SIDE
US 20120319407A1
(19) United States

Glass
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
LIGHTER-THAN-AIR CRAFT FOR
(52)
Dec. 20, 2012
US. Cl. ....................................................... .. 290/55
ENERGY-PRODUCING TURBINES
(75) Inventor:
Benjamin W. Glass, Somerville, MA
(57)
ABSTRACT
(Us)
(73) Assignee: ALTAEROS ENERGIES, INC.,
Boston MA (Us)
A Wind-based power generating system provides a Wind

energy converter for converting Wind energy into another
(21) Appl. No.: 13/565,916
form of energy using a lighter-than-air craft con?gured to

produce a positive net lift. The net lift includes both a net
(22)
Filed?
Aug- 31 2012
aerodynamic lift and a net buoyant lift. A tethering mecha

_
nism is con?gured to restrain the lighter-than-air craft With
respect to the ground. The lighter-than-air craft de?nes an
(63) continuationqmpan of application NO_ 12/579,839,
interior volume for containing a lighter-than-air gas, and the
?led on Oct. 15, 2009, noW Pat. No. 8,253,265.

. .
(60) {52031830811211 apphcanon NO' 61/105509 ?led on Oct'
lighter-than-air craft has a fore section and an aft section. The

tethering system has at least one attachment point on the fore
'
section of the lighter-than-air craft and at least one attachment

point on the aft section of the lighter-than-air craft. The
publication Classi?cation
lighter-than-air craft provides a stable aerodynamic moment

With respect to a yaW axis about a center-of-mass of the
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 9/00
lighter-than-air craft. The craft can be formed in a variety of
(2006.01)
aerodynamic pro?les/ shapes.
US 20130094967A1
(19) United States

SU
(43) Pub. Date:
(54)
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE SYSTEM
(76)
Inventor:
(21)
App1_ NO; 13/273,310
(22)
Filed:
MAX SU TAINAN CITY (TW)
Oct- 14, 2011

_
(51)
Int Cl
F03D 3/02
(52) US. Cl.
USPC
(2006-01)
........................................................ .. 416/202
Apr. 18, 2013
(57)
ABSTRACT
A vertical axis Wind turbine system is revealed. TWo vertical
axis Wind supply units are arranged beside a support rod and
between an upper and a lower connection plates. The vertical
axis Wind supply unit includes blades around a rotor shaft.
Each blade includes a blade body and valves. The blade body
is a helical plate having a plurality of crossed barriers and
insertion holes among barriers. Moreover, the valves are ?xed
on an upWind surface of the blade body and an upper side of
the valve is connected to the blade body. Each valve is corre
sponding to at least one insertion hole. Each of the tWo rotor

shafts are connected to a generator set by a transmission set.
When Wind turns the blades, each blade spin the rotor shaft
and the transmission set transfers energy generated by the
rotating blades to the generator set for conversion to electrical
poWer.
US 20130136600A1
(19) United States

Tamatsu
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
WIND/WATER TURBINE WITH ROTATIONAL
(52)
RESISTANCE REDUCED BY WIND vANE
May 30, 2013
US. Cl.
CPC ............ .. F03B 17/065 (2013.01); F03D 3/067
BLADE
(2013.01)
USPC
........................................................ ..
416/119
(76) Inventor: Yoshiji Tamatsu, Okinawa (JP)
(21) Appl. No.:
13/702,614
(57)
(22)
PCT Filed:
Jun. 7, 2011
A Wind/Water turbine has a basic con?guration in Which both
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/JP11/62988
ends of blades Which are in rotational symmetry are ?xed to
371 (0X1)
(2), (4) Date:
(30)
Dec. 7, 2012
Jun. 9, 2010
Aug. 10,2010
(JP) ............................... .. 2010-132516

(JP) ............................... .. 2010-179089
(51)
Int. Cl.
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
F03B 17/06
F03D 3/06
1'. -1:
ABSTRACT
support plates, the blades have vanes, one of the vertical sides
of the vanes is attached to a vane rotating shaft, and the free
opposite sides each rotate freely in a sector extending as far as
the adjacent vane rotating shafts on either side. The vanes are
arranged such that When the blades of the Wind/Water turbine

are convex, moving against the Water ?ow/air?ow, the vanes
are pressed by the Water ?ow/air?ow and are opened, thereby
reducing the rotational resistance, and When the blades have
pivoted further and are concave, the spaces between the vane
rotating shafts are closed, the Water/ air pressure is received

over the entire surface of the blade, and thus a pivoting force
that is increased corresponding to the reduction in rotation
resistance is obtained.
I'M-".D I
US 20130285382A1
(19) United States

Grigg
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR AND MOTOR
(52)
Oct. 31, 2013
US. Cl.
CPC .................................. .. H02K57/003 (2013.01)
(71)
Applicant: Charles Grigg, Westpmt, CA (US)
USPC .......................................................... .. 290/54
(72) Inventor: Charles Grigg, Westport, CA (U S)
(57)
A PAVA (parallel and vertical axis) turbine includes a plural
(21) Appl' No" 13/761506

-
(22)
ity of Wing Assemblies having vertical pivot shafts extending
Flled'
between tWo vertically spaced end assemblies that are joined
Feb 7 2013
to a central driveshaft assembly. The Wing assemblies are

.
rotatable about their respective pivot axes from a drive posi

(63)
ABSTRACT
tion in Which they extend radially outWardly from the central
Continuation of application No. 12/657,136, ?led on

Jan. 13, 2010, noW Pat. No. 8,373,297.
axis and transverse to incident ?uid ?oW to maximally Cap

ture ?uid ?oW and rotate the turbine, to a glide position in
Which the Wings extend tangentially to the direction of rota
tion and parallel to incident ?uid ?oW to minimize drag. The
Wings may have articulating ?aps rotating outWardly from the

(51)
Int. Cl.
H02K 57/00
Wing assembly in the drive quadrant to capture more of the

passing ?uid ?oW.
(2006.01)
11
:._LS~
3
10 0
l
I
40
52
US 20140023500A1
(19) United States

(43) Pub. Date:
RUBIO
(54)
Jan. 23, 2014
VERTICAL AXIS WIND AND HYDRAULIC

TURBINE WITH FLOW CONTROL
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 3/00
(52) Us. or.
(71) Applicant: Humberto Antonio RUBIO, Ciudad

Autonoma de Buenos Aires (AR)
(2006.01)
CPC .................................... .. F03D 3/005 (2013.01)
(72)
Inventor:
USPC
Humberto Antonio RUBIO, Ciudad

Autonoma de Buenos Aires (AR)
(57)
.......................................................... ..
416/24
ABSTRACT
A Vertical axis Wind and hydraulic turbine with How control
including a regular hexagonal structure of radius R, parallel
(21) App1.No.: 13/736,325
epiped-shaped, inside Which a rotor rotates With three or more

vanes on a Vertical axis Which is located in the center of the
hexagon as seen from above, Wherein the vanes When rotating
(22) Filed:
generate a circle of radius Rt, further including six articulated
Jan. 8, 2013
de?ector vanes that grab and concentrate the How of air or
(30)
liquid entering the rotor vanes, from the Wind or liquid current
entry side to the turbine and diffuse the How of air or liquid
Jul. 19, 2012

Oct. 15, 2012
(AR) ............................ .. P12 01 02619

(AR) ............................ .. P12 01 03837
exiting from the rotor vanes, from the side opposite to the
Wind or liquid entry side to the turbine.
VERTICAL AXIS WIND

TURBINE WITH FLOW
CONTROL
if GATE
WELL
LEVELaw
TELESCOPIC PISTONS
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
FOR RAISING OR
LOWERING THE
VERTICAL AXIS WIND
TURBINE WITH FLOW
CONTROL
US 20140054895Al
(19) United States

STEEL
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
WINDTRACKER TWIN-TURBINE SYSTEM
(76) Inventor:
Dennis Patrick STEEL, Moers (DE)
Feb. 27, 2014
(51) Illt- Cl
H02K 7/18
(52) US. Cl.
(2006.01)
(21) Appl. No.:
13/990,043
(22)
PCT Filed:
Dec. 3, 2011
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/EP2011/006062
(57)
371 (c)(1),
(2), (4) Date:
Jun. 18, 2013
A turbine system for Wind and/or Water poWer is character

iZed in that tWo radial turbines (1, 2) aligned next to each other
and in parallel are arranged having a vertical axis of rotation,
CPC .................................. .. H02K 7/1823 (2013.01)
(30)
USPC .......................................................... .. 290/54
ABSTRACT
said radial turbines being connected to each other and being

pivotable about a pivot axis (3) parallel to the turbine axes
Dec. 13, 2010

Feb. 2, 2011
Aug. 3, 2011
(DE) .................... .. 10 2010 054 365.9

(DE) .................... .. 10 2011 010 177.2
(DE) .................... .. 10 2011 109 217.3
(18), wherein the pivot axis and a V-shaped Wind distributor

(3) are located outside the connecting line between the tur
bine axes and both on the same side of the connecting line.
US 20140375060A1
(19) United States

Lin et a].
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
(52)
Dec. 25, 2014
US. Cl.
CPC .............. .. F 03D 3/005 (2013.01); F 03D 9/002
(71) ApplicantszChun-Shuan Lin, Zhubei (TW);
(2013.01)
Jung-Hsi Su, Zhubei (TW)

(72)
Inventors: Chun-Shuan Lin, Zhubei (TW);
Jung_Hsi s, Zhubei (TW)
USPC .......................................................... .. 290/55

(57)
ABSTRACT
vertlcal ax1s Wmd turbine mcludes a W1nd guide module

mstalled at the perlphery of a vane module for tummg ax1ally,
and a magnetic ?eld module and a coil module installed at the
(21)
Appl. No.: 13/924,915
periphery of a turntable of the vane module for generating
(22)
_
Flledi
induced electromotive forces, such that When the vane mod

ule is rotated by the action of air current, the magnetic ?eld
module is driven to rotate a coil of the coil module generates
Jun- 24: 2013
an electric current by the magnetic induction of the magnetic

element of the magnetic ?eld module. In particular, the Whole
Pllblication ClaSSi?catiOIl
(51)
Illt- Cl-
F03D 3/00
F03D 9/00
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
vertical axis power generator can guide and concentrate the

surrounding air current at ?aps of the vane module by the
action of the Wind guide module, so that the vane module is
capable of starting an operation easily, providing a high oper

ating performance, and featuring an easy manufacture.
Nov. 18, 1947.
R, DU BRlE
WIND MOTOR
Filed Dec. 16'. 1943
2,431,111
June 6, 1950
c. H. JOHNSON
2,510,501
WIND TURBINE '
Filed July 22, 1946
2 Sheets-Sheet 1
Inventor
Carl H. Johnson
.
By WWW 8mm
June 6, 1950
2,510,501
C. H. vJOHNSON
WIND TURBINE
2 Sheets-Sheet 2
l Filed July 22, 1946

Q
mm.
Carl
Johnson
B)1 QM
WW 1?M518];
and
(o Model.)
'
M.
2 Sheets-.Sheet 1.
COLONEY.
WIND BOWER MACHINE.
No .260 ,085
F
Patented June 27, 1882.`

Q
2 Sheets-Sheet 2.v
M. COLONEY.
wim) ~OWBR MACHINE. _
'N0. 260,085.v
Patented June 27 ,
N, PETERS, Phalo-uxhngmphor. washington, D. c.
1882.`
March 5, 1968
H. s. BACON
3,371,718
ROTARY JET REACTION MOTORS
Filed Sept. 7, 1966.
2 Sheets-Sheet l_
\\\\ \ \'
/ /// /
INVENTOR.
f/zf'A/AV .5: EACH/V
BY
l '
March 5, 1968
H. s. BACON
3,371,718
ROTARY JET REACTION MOTORS
Filed Sept. 7, 1966
2 Sheets-Sheet 2
H/ /
INVENTOR.
A E E /V T
United States Patent 1191
1111
3,743,848
Strickland
[45]
July 3, 1973
[54]
[76]
WIND DRIVEN POWER PRODUCING
1,782,280
11/1930
Willenbring .................... .. 290/55 X
APPARATUS
1,369,596
2/1921
Yanacopoulos .................... .. 290/44
Inventor:
Nathaniel Strickland. 1105 Ortega

SL, Carlsbad, N. Mex.
88220
122]
[21]
Flledl
Fb~ 25 1972
App|_ N0: 26,346
[52]
US. Cl. ................................... 1. 290/55, 290/44
[51]
Int. Cl. ............................................ .. F031;! 9/00
[58]
Field of Search ................. .. 290/50, 55, 54, 42,
290/43, 44
[56]
References Cited
UNITED STATES PATENTS
1,181,988
5/1916
Breitung ............................. .. 290/50
1,423,514
7/1922
Butusou .......................... ,. 290/55 X
1.633.460
6/1927
Silvestrin ......................... .. 299/55
1,654,165
12/1927
Felt . . _ . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. 290/55 X
1,930,390
10/1933
Jacobs
..... _. 290/55 X
1,212,109
2,329,675
9/1917
9/1943
Rodwick.
......... .. 290/55 x
Albers ............................. .. 290/44 X
7 Primary Examiner-G. R, Simmons
[57]
ABSTRACT
A device for generating electric current by the force of

the wind. This device consists primarily of a turntable
with arm and ,vane means for transferring the force of
the wind to rotate a generator.
4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures
26,
Z6
Z3
United States Patent H91
[111
Magoveny et al.
[451- Feb. 17, 1976
[541 HORIZONTAL MULTIDIRECTIONAL
593,840
6/1925
3,938,907
France .................................. ., 415/2
TURBINE WlNDMlLL
[75] Inventors: George S. Magoveny; Eric J. Forgo,

both of North Haven, Conn.
[73] Assignee: Windsunwatt, Inc., New Haven,
[57]
Conn.
[22]
Filed:
Primary E.\aminer-Henry F. Raduazo

Attorney, Agent, or FirmDeLio and Montgomery
ABSTRACT
A horizontal multidirectional turbine windmill com
June 24, 1974
prising a housing having apertures on all sides for in

gress and egress of air and a rotor on a drive shaft
[21] Appl. No.: 482,355
within the housing, each aperture being the larger end

of a funnel-shaped passage, the smaller ends of said
[52]
[51]
[58]
1.1.8. Cl. ............... .. 415/141; 415/4, 416/136 A

Int. Cl.2 ...................... .. F011) 7/00;FO1D 7/02
passages being positioned to deliver air at relatively

high velocities against the rotor buckets, the air enter
Field of Search ............. .. 415/2, 3, 4, 141, 140,
ing the housing through one or more apertures on the
415/30; 290/44, 55; 416/186 A
windward side thereof and being exhausted through

apertures on the leeward side. The housing is prefera
[56]
References Cited
87,585
1,811,185
bly so shaped that ambient air impinging on the hous

ing surface without entering an aperture will flow
Mewlin ............................. .. 415/141

Lambeth....
................ .. 415/141
jacent the exhaust funnel apertures, and the housing is
Gunn
also preferably so shaped that a plurality of units can
1,954,811
4/1934
2,337,861
12/1943
2,351,516
2.719.000
6/1944
9/1955
. . . . . . . .. . . . .
Adamtchik
. . . . . . . . ..
416/186
415/141
be stacked vertically with their drive shafts coupled
Jandasek ...... ..
415/141
Thevenaz .......................... .. 415/141
together. The rotor buckets are ?exible and their pro~

?les are varied automatically as a function of wind and
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATiONS

[00,913
around the housing and create a low pressure zone ad
3/1869
8/1876
9/1925
Austria ............................. .. 415/141
rotational speed.
United States Patent [191

Bogie
[111
[45] Nov. 30, 1976
[54] WINDMILL
[76] Inventor: Townsend Bogie, 1151 Hoyt Ave.,
[22] Filed:
Indianapolis, Ind. 46203

July 9, 1975
trically disposed in the housing and a rotor ?xedly at

tached to the shaft and comprising a plurality of
equally peripherally spaced, vertically extending
US. Cl .................................... .. 415/186; 415/2

Int. Cl.2 .......................................... .. F0313 3/18
Field of Search .................................. .. 4l5/24,
4l5/183,'185, 186, 202, 203, 211

[56]
[57]
ABSTRACT
A windmill comprising a generally cylindrically shaped
housing having a vertical axis, a vertical shaft concen
[21] Appl. No.: 594,221

[52]
[51]
[58]
3,994,621
References Cited
trough-shaped wind scoops. Each scoop has a closed

back surface with vertically extending leading and fol
lowing edges and a vertically extending open front ex
posed to the wind. Each scoop is attached at its edges
to the adjacent scoops to form a generally cylindrical
scoop assembly. The housing comprises a plurality of
equally peripherally spaced apart stationary wind
directing and concentrating vanes, each vane having a
578,759
3/1897
McElroy ........................... .. 415/186
proximal end forming a cylindrical surface substan
1,062,099
5/1913
Hoglund
1,234,405
1,441,774
7/1917
l/l923
Solomon....
Adams ........ ..
tially concentric with the axis of rotation of the scoop

assembly, the cylindrical surfaces and the scoop as
1,503,061
7/1924
Pendergast ...... ..
415/4
2,096,119
10/1937
Lensch et al.
415/4
2,431,111
11/1947
Dubrie .................................. .. 415/4
415/202
...... .. 415/3
415/4
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS

25,009
3/1920
545,003
7/1922
France .................................. .. 415/2
France...
415/2
576,980
5/1924
France ..... ..
415/2
729,533
12/1942
Germany
415/4
169,733
9/1921
United Kingdom ................... .. 415/2
Primary Examiner--C. J. l-lusar

Attorney, Agent, or Firm.1enkins, Hanley & Coffey
sembly being of substantially equal diameter for

closely spacing the scoop assembly and vanes, and
each of the vanes projecting outwardly generally tan
gentially from the cylindrical surfaces of the proximal
ends of thevanes and scoop assembly. The length of
the arc of the cylinder formed by the proximal end of
each vane exceeds the/length of the arc of the cylinder
described by the open front of each of the wind
scoops for preventing the escape of air impinging

upon the inner surfaces of the scoops from between
the scoop and the proximal end of the stationary vane.
10 Claims, 8* Drawing Figures
US. Patent
Nov. 30, 1976
Sheet2 of2
3,994,621
[111
Graybill
[45] Nov. 30, 1976
[54].
"
WIND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE
'-
[76] Invent
rll'bfgstybsllglg-zo- BOX 396
[22] Filed:
Feb. 26, 1975
3,995,170
2,633,921
4/1953
Monney .............................. .. 290/55
3,743,848
7/1973
Strickland . . . . .
3,793,530
2/1974
Carter ................................. .. 290/55
. _ . . ..
290/55
Primary Examiner-Robert S. Macon
[211
App] No _ 553 255
Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wells, St. John & Roberts
[52]
US. Cl ................................... .. 290/55; 290/44;
..
57
v
[51]
[58]
Int GL2
Fieid of
60/398
F031) 3/00_ H021, 9 l0 4

"""""" "f - 290/55 54 53 42
""""""""" " 290/43 44: 602398
[56]
"
'
704,507
,
Reierences Cited
A Wll'ld energy conversion device for converting direc
tional wind force to torque along on a vertical rota

tional axis. The device includes a plurality of ?exible
vanes mounted to a framework for rotation therewith
about a vertical axis. The vanes are mounted to up
right posts on the framework. Axial vane side edges

7/1902 BIIII'l?ElU .............................. .. 290/55
extend to opposite radial sides of the posts and are

connected in a speci?c manner to the frame in order
to produce a positive effect on rqta?on of the device
l2;
in a prescribed direction, in response to wind currents.
2,431,111
ABSTRACT
ll/l947
gallsblllfy - . - - -
- ~ ~ - - ~ - ~ - ~~
avomus . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ._
Du Brie .............................. .. 290/55
10 Claims, 5 Drawing" Figures
United States Patent H9,
H1,
4,004,861
Soules
{45]
Jan. 25, 1977
[54]
WIND DRIVEN PRIME MOVER

I
[76]
Invent
afar soules 37 Kmgsdale AW"
264.219
1/1927
United Kingdom ............... .. 416/41
270.1158
5/1927
United Kingdom
304,514
1/1929
United Kingdom ........... .. 416/119
............ ..
416/119
wlllowdale, Ontario, Canada, M2N

_
[22]
Filed:
3W3
Primary ExaminerEverette A. Powell, Jr.
June 13, 1975
Attorney, Agent, or Firm~George H. Riches
[21] Appl. No.: 586,541

[52]
us. Cl. ............................... .. 416/41; 416/1 19;
[57]
[51]
416/140
Int. Cl.2 ......................................... .. F03D 7/06
A wind driven prime mover which is driven by a plural

ity of arcuately shaped wind vanes pivotally mounted
[58]
Field of Search ............ .. 416/41, 42, 119, 140,
on a rotatable turntable. The wind vanes are pivotally
[56]
416/197, 197 A. 9, 14, 17, 32, 37; 415/141, 2

References Cited
mounted on the turntable with their pivot axle disposed

in a vertical plane. The pivots are positioned adjacent
the periphery of the turntable, with the pivots being
spaced equidistant from each other and equi-distant
UNXTED STATES PATENTS

1399] 5
134L045
3,093,194
3,942,909
4/19;
5/1920
6/1963
3/1976
Ebert ___________________________ H
Currey
___ __
Rusconi ..
.... ..
Yengst ......................... ..
416/] 19
416/197
416/119
416/119
X
A
X
X
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS

24,121 10/1936
35,860 3/1930
701.036 3/1931
ABSTRACT
from the axis of rotation of the turntable. The bottoms

of the vanes are areuately shaped, with the length of the
are being slightly longer than the space between the
pivots so that there is an overlap between adjacent
vanes. The convex surface of the vanes face outwardly
to provide a concave inner surface.
Australia ......................... .. 416/119
France ......................... .. 416/197 A

France ......................... .. 416/197 A
U.S. Patent
Jan. 25, 1977
Sheet 1 of2
4,004,861
U.S. Patent
Jan. 25, 1977
Sheet 2 of2
4,004,861
United- States Patent 1191
[11]
4,048,947
Sicard
[45]
Sept. 20, 1977
[54]
[76]
ROTARY DEVICE DRIVEN BY A 'MOVIN
1,524,712
2/1925
FLUID
1,650,702
11/1927
Folmer
...... .. 115/3
1,654,165
12/1927
Felt
. . . . ..
3,212,470
3,743,848
10/1965
7/ 1973
Wiggin
...... .. 115/3
Strickland .......................... .. 416/119
Inventor:
Charles Andre Sicard, 29 rue

Dierville, 6211 Bucquoy, France
[21] App]. No.: 650,742

[22]
.
Flled:
[30]
. ....... ..
290/55
Primary Examiner-Trygve M. Blix
Jan 20 1976 '

Jan. 22, 1975
Hurd .................................. .. 416/119
Assistant ExaminerStuart M. Goldstein

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Finnegan, Henderson,
Farabow & Garrett
France .............................. .. 75.01907
[57]
ABSTRACT
[51]
[52]
Int. C1.2 ........................................... .. 8631! 13/00

US. Cl. ..................................... .. 115/3; 180/2 A;
A rotary device driven by a moving fluid, such as water

or air, for generating a rotary movement comprises a
290/55; 416/119; 416/240
cylindrical or frusto-c'onical rotor having a vertical axis,
[58]
Field of Search ............. .. 416/111, 119, 139, 240;
the rotor having a plurality of identical blades distrib
180/2, 7; 115/3; 290/55
uted around the periphery of the rotor, each blade hav
_
References Clted
[56]
ing a symmetrical aerodynamic pro?le and being

mounted so as to freely rotate about a substantially
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
vertical axis parallel to its leading edge. The device may
247,266
9/1881
Miller, Jr. .......................... .. 416/119
be used to WW"? screw drive mat a wheeled vehi'
279,066
6/1883
Witherspoon .
.... .. 416/119
C16 r her machmery
535,120
3/1895
Norberg
. . . . ..
1,024,066
4/1912
Fletcher ................................. .. 180/2
. .. .... . .
416/119
'
13
13 o
/,
D '
,,
- 13
13
United States Patent [19]
[11]
4,057,270
Lebost
[45]
Nov. 8, 1977
[54] FLUID TURBINE

[76] Inventor: Barry Alan Lebost, 3224 Grand
Concourse, Bronx, NY. 10468
to a ?uid source, such as a liquid or gaseous current.
[21] Appl. N0.: 565,025
which are connected to coaxial shafts. One of the shafts

is connected to the ?eld windings of an electric genera
tor while the other shaft is connected to the armature
[22] Filed:
Apr. 3, 1975
[51]
Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 1/02
[52]
US. Cl. ...................................... .. 290/54; 290/42;
[58]
Field of Search ..................... .. 290/42, 43, 44, 53,
290/44; 290/ 53; 290/55
The turbine has two substantially annular rotor hous
ings spaced in parallel, horizontal planes. Each housing

is provided with a plurality of radially extending blades
windings. The radial blades in each rotor housing when

exposed to the liquid or gaseous current rotate in oppo
site directions causing the ?eld and armature windings
of the generator to rotate in opposite directions to in
1,504,085
8/1924
Birrell .................................. .. 290/44
1,677,745
7/1928
Bonneto ..
290/55
crease the power output of the generator. Fluid scoops

are located at the entrance to each housing to accelerate
the ?uid current and deliver it to curved stator blades
which form a series of ?uid jets which further acceler
ate the incoming ?uid and bend the ?uid so as to direct
it to impinge on the radial rotor blades in a direction
1,936,233 11/1933
3,513,326 5/1970
Groves
Potts
290/55
290/55
providing increased starting torque while also increas

ing the effective force of the ?uid. Thisincreased effec
3,697,765
10/1972
Carini ..
290/55
3,720,840
3/1973
Gregg
290/44
tive force is added to the internal force of the ?uid once

operation is commenced so that the scoops and stator
3,740,565
6/1973
Wesley ................................. .. 290/55
290/ 54, 55
[56]
References Cited
Primary ExaminerRobert S. Macon

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Allen D. Brufsky
[57]
blades insure power output in light ?uid currents and

multiply power output in heavy currents.
ABSTRACT
A turbine for generating electric power when exposed
.45 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures
[11]
4,115,027
Thomas
[45]
Sep. 19, 1978
[54]
VERTICAL WINDMILL
[76]
Inventon
Robert Nmn Thqm?s, 80 Lmcoln

.
544,922
8/1895
Lundquist .......................... .. 416/119
4,012,163
2,625,929
3/1977
1/1953
Baumgartner
Love et al. ......................... .. 415/2
Dr" Venmm Cahf' 93003
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
[21] Appl. No.: 758,022

_
[22]
32,996 10/1922
Flled:
Jan. 7, 1977
Denmark ................................... .. 415/4
169,358 9/1921 United Kingdom ................... .. 126/247

.
Primary Examiner-C. J. Husar
Related U'S' Apphcahon Data
Attorney, Agent, or FirmLyon & Lyon
63
Continuatio -i - art of Ser. No. 649,827, Jan. 16, 1976,
51
Int. Cl.2 ..............................................

.. F03D 7 06
An omnidirectional windmill emp10ying lift type air
E52} U.S. c1. ...................................... .. 415/2; 126/2/4729o/55; 415/183; 415/123
foils mounted abm" a vertiwl axis- The Windmill i

cludes a support frame which de?nes the vertically
[ 1
abandoned. n n p
[57]
ABSTRACT
[58] Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-5,
oriented axis about which the elongate ail'foils rotate
415/18 123 151, 159, 208, 183', 135, 216;
Five vertically oriented stators are positioned out
56
[ I
416/9-14, 119; 126/247; 122/26; 290/43, 44,
wardly of the airfoils about the windmill to form an
I 54, 55
omnidirectional diffuser. These stators extend radially
R f
Cited
e erences
250,806
12/1881
Hamel .................................... .. 415/2
- 372,300
387,424
11/1887
8/1888
Chubbuck
Koeppe
.................................. .. 415/4
from the vertical axis to substantially enhance the ef?

ciency of the windmill. The stators also make the wind
mill self-starting. A friction heater is also disclosed in
assciatin with the Windmill
[11]
- 4,118,637
Tackett
[45]
Oct. 3, 1978
[54] INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEM

[75] Inventor: Louis Eugene Tackett, Grandview,
Tex.
[73] Assignee: UNEP3 Energy Systems Inc.,

Grandview, Tex.
Sep. 30, 1976

Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 579,131, May 20,
[63]
1975, abandoned.
Int. Cl.2 ............................................. .. H02P 9/04
[52]
US.
[58]
Field of Search ................... .. 290/1, 4, 44, 43, 54,
[56]
290/55; 60/398, 413, 415; 417/336, 382

References Cited
................
. . . . . . ..
290/55;
60/398
U.S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS

874,140
12/1907
943,000
l2/ 1909
Valiquet ............. .._ ................ .. 60/ 398

Busby ..... ._
..
2,539,862
3,996,741
12/
1/1951
1976
Rushing ..... ..
Herberg
4,004,427
1/1977
..
Butler, Jr. ............................ .. 60/ 398
Primary ExaminerRobert K. Schaefer

Assistant Examiner.lohn W. Redman
Attorney, Agent, or FirmJames L. Bean
[57]
commercially available size pipe to keep the pressure

drop to a minimum, and from which the compressed air
is withdrawn at multiple points of need; when and as
needed, through synchronized dual-precision-controls

to turn, at optimum RPM speed regardless of varying
work loads, air motor drives for operation of conven
[51]
Cl.
tem: which includes system air pressure compensated

variable pressure and volume delivery of compressed
air from multiple air compression stations which dis
charge and store compressed air into an included inter
connecting collection storage and distribution conduit
multiple module grid system; of largest needed and
[21] Appl. No.: 728,064

[22] Filed:
driven energy integration and multiple use-point sys
tional electrical generating equipment with varying

customer-use-demand output work loads. The conduit
pipe systems are arranged in interconnecting, but isola-,

ble, multiple module grids ranging in size from those
needed, for example, for a small town or a large individ
ual user of electricity to large metropolitan areas and
which may ultimately be interconnected into a large
regional, national, or continental system. Natural en
ergy sources including wind, tide, wave, thermal and
solar power, as well as conventional fuels, may be uti
lized to provide the energy required to drive compres
sors to supply the air into the system. An improved

wind turbine is included for the recovery and use of
wind-power for compressing air on a vast scale in multi
ple installations.
ABSTRACT
This invention is a multiple diverse energy source
U.S. Pateht
FIGZ
Oct. 3, 1978 I
Sheet10f13
4,118,637
US. Patent
05:. 3, 1978
Sheet 2 of 13
4,118,637
H63
22
99999??? 9%
9999999999
0000000000000000000
my;
Ln, 16, I8
99199999P999999P999
15/; 5 5 5 5 5 5 <5 5 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 5 <5 <5 563:
10 L 90 1 10 1 90 1 10 1 10 1 90 1 90 1 90 1 10 1 10 1 90 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 90 1 10 1 90 1 10 1 T23
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9@_
28-30'
24
0M10
190 09010 0190 019010 0190. 0190 01.90 0190 0190 010 0190 0190 0190 0190 0190 010 01 0 0190 0190 0190
99999999999999999999
5 <5 <5 <5 5 <5 <5 <5 5 <5 <5 <5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5@{
99 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9C}
55555555555555555555 V
99999999999999999999
00000000000000000000
99999999999999999999
00000600000000000000
TI
n m444|1
[1444f]
[1444!1
II
,7 Cbvs
' 253
US. Patent
FIG?
FIG.25
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 3 of 13
4,118,637
US. Patent
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 4 of 13
4,118,637
US. Patent
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 5 of 13
4,118,637
US. Patent
Fm. IO
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 6 of 13
4,118,637
US. Patent
0a. 3, 1978
Sheet 7 of 13
4,118,637
FIG. H
I24
I23
F5
I22
26%
{87 -
J53
US. Patent
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 8 of 13
FIG. l2
4,118,637
U.S. Patent
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 9 of 13
4,118,637
US. Patent
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 10 of 13
4,118,637
US. Patent
h_.Qfn
0111.3, 1978
Sheet 11 of 13
4,118,637
US. Patent
Oct. 3, 1978
Sheet 12 of 13
4,118,637
09
[11]
4,134,707
Ewers
[45]
Jan. 16, 1979
[54] WIND TURBINE APPARATUS

[76] Inventor: Marion H. Ewers, PO. Box 526, La
Veta, Colo. 81055
[21] Appl. No.: 791,100

[22] Filed:
Apr. 26, 1977
[51]
[52]
[58]
Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 7/00

US. CL ................... ..
415/4; 290/55
Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4.
415/60; 290/54, 55
[56]

1,640,269
8/1927
Ellison .......... ..
415/2
1,810,113
6/1931
Schlotzhauer ..
415/2
1,974,008
9/1934
Biehn ............. ..
415/2
2,032,651
3/1936
Donovan
415/2
2,059,356
11/1936
James .... ..
415/2
2,431,111
11/1947
Dubrie ................................... .. 415/2

535624 10/1931 Fed. Rep. of Germany ..; ......... .. 415/2
2405767 8/1975 Fed. Rep. of Germany

513279
2/1955
Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Charles E.
[57]
415/3
Italy ........................................... .. 415/2
this means the smaller diameter rotors that are more
easily handled and that put the minimum of stress on the

wind turbine apparatus can be used in series to achieve
the power output desired. Each segment has a venturi
means incorporated into the elements of the apparatus
to enhance the apparent wind speed. Also disclosed are
novel means for operatively supporting the moving

parts of the apparatus.
In a preferred embodiment an exoskeletal frame is made
in segments that can be stacked one upon the other.
References Cited
which can be added to incrementally to increase the
driving force and power generation of the machine. By
ABSTRACT
The Speci?cation discloses a segmented wind turbine
Each segment of frame has arms which converge in

wardly toward the axial center of the apparatus. There
a hoop connects the ends of the inwardly converging
arms and de?nes an axial aperture. Inside this axial
aperture a segment of drive shaft and a concentric collar
are supported by thrust bearings which are in turn sup
ported by the concentric hoop attached to the arms of

the frame. Each set of arms and the associated bearings
support the drive shaft, a rotor on the drive shaft, and a
wind shield surrounding the rotor immediately above

the arms. The wind shield is of a novel structure, having
two spaced side walls which de?ne openings for receiv

ing wind through the rotors and discharging the wind.
One of the walls forms a venturi with the rotor.
[11]
4,143,992
Crook
[45]
Mar. 13, 1979
'
[54] WIND OPERATED POWER GENERATOR
1,851,513
3/1932
Holmstrom ............................ .. 415/2
'
2,517,135
8/1950
Rudisill ........ ..
2,701,526
2/1955
Rotkin . . . . . . .
4,021,135
5/1977
Pedersen ............................ .. 415/209
176]
Invenwn
Charles W- Crook, Rte- 1. Box 35.
Earle, Ark. 72331
'
4l6/DIG. 4
. . . . .. 415/500
[21] App]. No.: 855,912
.
[22] Filed:
Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Clarence A. OBrien' Harvey

B . Jacobson
Nov. 29, 1977
[51] Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 7/00

[52] us. 01. ......................... .._. ............ .. 415/2; 290/55;
[57]
ABSIRACT
416/D1G_ 4
A convergent intake duct has a radial out?ow opening
[58] Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4,

415/203; 290/44, 55; 416/1313 4
through which air accelerated in the duct impinges 0"

airfoil shaped vanes to induce rotation of the rotor on
[56]
which the vanes are mounted. The duct is formed inter
References cued
nally of a tubular airfoil body so that the low pressure

region formed on the trailing edge portion of the exter
nal airfoil surface increases the pressure differential
across the vanes in the radial direction of out?ow of the
1,313,457
8/1919
Bowman ................... .. 416/168
1,329,668 '
2/1920
Lee ........... ..
1,433,995
10/1922
11' fmm the duct:
416/185
Fousle .................................... .. 415/2
US. Patent
Mar. 13, 1979
Sheet 1 of2
US. Patent
Mar. 13, 1979
Fig.3
Sheet 2 of2
4,143,992
72
28
32
70
68
Fig.4
[11]
4,156,580
Pub]
[45]
May 29, 1979
[54] WIND-TURBINES
[76] Inventor:
Lothar L. P0111, Toronto Dominion
3,203,182
3,732,032
Centre, Ste. 3800-Cermak, Toronto,

Ontario, Canada
[21] Appl. No.: 825,860
[22] Filed:
Aug. 18, 1977
[51]
[52]
290/55; 416/197 A
416/DIG. 4, 197 A; 290/43, 44, 54, 55

References Cited
2,431,111
2,812,823
12/1906
11/1943
11/1947
"/1957
Neumann ....................... .. 415/213 R

Topalou
..... .. 416/197 A
Du Brie ...... ..

810500
2451751
[58] Field of Search ............... .. 415/2, 3, 4, 60, 213 R;
839,312
2,335,817
Pohl ................................... .. 415/202

Dawee] .......................... .. 415/213 R
384349 IV 1923 Fed. Rep. of Germany ............ .. 415/2
Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 3/02

U.S. Cl. ........................................ .. 415/2; 415/60;
[56]
8/1965
5/1973
8/1951 Fed. Rep. of Germany

973968 2/1951
2300235 10/1976
412772
2/ 1946
France ................................. .. 415/60

France ............................... .. 415/2
Italy ........................................... .. 415/4
[57]
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to an energy conversion system
for converting kinetic energy possessed by the wind

into mechanical energy, using a particular compact
design for vertical axis rotors in combination with a
specially adapted tower structure.
.. 416/197 A
De Ouiedo .................... .. 416/197 A
2 I
I,
v
IIIII'II.
..... .. 4'15/2
..... .. 415/2
US. Patent
FIG-'7
May29, 1979
Sheet 1 of2
F/G.3
4,156,580
[11]
4,180,367
Drees
[45]
Dec. 25, 1979
[54]
SELF-STARTING WINDMILL ENERGY

CONVERSION SYSTEM
860930 12/1952 Fed. Rep. of Germany ......... .. 416/119
[76] Invenw?
1135;101:111;I M- 18523? Box-7, Marstons

1 s,
ass.
416/119
502616 5/1920 France ................. ..
416/111
416/119
530231 12/1921 France
701036
[21]
APPl- N~ 5481435
[22]
Filed:
[51]
52]
Int. C1.2 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06

US. Cl. ......................... .. 416/119 416/140
[58]
Field of Search ............... .. 416/41, 108, 109, 111,

416/116, 119 135 139 140
Feb. 10, 1975
416/139
822092 12/1937 France
..... .. 416/111
929721
References Cited
Us. PATENT DOCUMENTS
3/1931
416/135
France
264219
1/1948
France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1/1927 United Kingdom ..
. . . ..416/52
296736 9/1928 United Kingdom .... ..

319963 10/1929 United Kingdom .... ..
416/111
416/108
416/116
416/ 119
301091 V1930 Umted Kl?gdom 150066 2/1962 U.S.S.R. .................................. .. 416/41
[56]
892130 10/ 1953 Fed. Rep. of Germany
Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, J r.

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert F. OConnell
177,057
5/1876
Bowes .................... .. .......... .. 416/119
[57]
1,139,103
5/1915
Glade
6/ 119
A wind turbine apparatus in which a plurality of wind
1,190,629
1,430,406
9/1922
7/1916
Clade
416/119 x
416/108
repnslYe elements are mvably mumed, such ,by
1,618,549
2/1927
OToole ......... ..
416/111
belng Plvotally mounted, on a movable means whlch
1,639,908
1,753,252
8/1927
4/1930
Strandgren
Strandgren
. 416/109
. 416/108
produces
rotary motion. The P ositions of the wind re
I
sponsive elements are arranged to provide a drag force
on at least one of the elements in response to the wind
1g;
.. ... .. ....
. . . . . . ..
Schulthes et a1.
------ -
ABSTRAQT
.
1:880:302 10/1932 Lammereii";
416/109
wien the speed of Mary mum is. belw a pridfa'ier'
1,885,640 "/1932
416A08
mined level so as to produce a starting force to initiate
416/118
and maintain the rotary motion. When the speed of the
2,044,794
6/1936
Strandgren
Kisevalter
2,413,460 12/1946
Main .............. ..
416/116 X
rotary motion exceeds such predetermined level the
3,332,931
Pontcarral et a1. ..
416/116 X
positions of such wind responsive elements are such that
a lift force is provided thereon in response to the wind
5/1968
5951901998
.a Cy "" " ------ -
'
4,048,947
9/1977
4,052,134
10/1977
SICard .... ..
so that the rotary motion can achieve speeds which are

. 416/ 119 X
Rumsey .............................. .. 416/ 119
.
.
.
.
considerably
higher
than those achieved
by the startmg
orce.

24121 10/ 1936 Australia ................... ..- ........... .. 416/119
'- WIND
GROUND
OPERATING PHASE
US. Patent
Dec. 25, 1979
Sheet 1 of 7
4,180,367
R ETREATI N G SECTG R
ADVANCING SECTOR
GROUND
STARTING PHASE
FIGZ)
GROUND
OPERATING PHASE
U.S. Patent
Dec. 25, 1979
Sheet 2 of7
F|G.6
GROUND
GROUND
4,180,367
FIG.6A
US. Patent
Dec. 25, 1979
Sheet 3 of 7
4,180,367
US. Patent
Dec. 25, 1979
Sheet4 0f7
OPERATING
4,180,367
PHASE
U.S. Patent
Dec. 25, 1979
Sheet 5 of7
4,180,367
U.S. Patent
Dec. 25, 1979
Sheet 6 of7
4,180,367
73
FIGSIBA
74
WIND
78
STARTING PHASE
0 PERATI NG PHASE
US. Patent
Dec. 25, 1979
Sheet 7 of7
4,180,367
FIG. I5
STARTING PHASE
OPERATING
PHASE
all States Patent [191

Chen et
[54] WIND TURBINE

[76] Inventors: Jimmy M. Chen; Signor Y. Chen;
4,047,833
9/1977
4,118,637
10/1978
4,134,708
1/1979
1111
4,208,168
[45]
Jun. 17, 1980
Decker ................................... .. 415/2
Tackett
416/196 A X
Brauser .............................. .. 415/2 X
Vincent S. Chen, all of No. 10, 3rd

Fl., Alley 20, Lane 125, Chung 12th

Rd.,, Shih Lin District, Taipei,
Taiwan
[21] Appl. NO.: 906,924

[22] Filed:
396368
1/ 1933
United Kingdom ............ .. 416/DIG. 6
Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell, Jr.

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Shoemaker and Mattare, Ltd.
May 1a, 1978
[57]
ABSTRACT
[51]
Int. 01.2 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06
The present invention is related to an improved wind
[52]
[58]
us. 101. .... ..

416/132 B; 416/197 A
Field 611 Search .- ...... .. 416/132 B, 240 A, DIG. 6,
turbine particularly with the provision of a strength

ened network axle pivoted upon an elevated lattice steel
416/197 A
[56]
References Cited
19,383 2/1858
215,035 5/1879
802,144 10/1905
924,909 6/1909
1,298,247 3/1919
3,743,848 7/1973
3,810,712 5/1974
Shaw ............................. .. 416/240 A
tower; and a few upper and lower rotor arms horizon
tally ?xed onto said strengthened network axle-re

spectively onto upper portion and lower portion
thereof; and a few blades which, being V shaped in
cross section, are provided between said upper and
lower rotor arms; and a transmission mechanism; being
thus constructed that wind power is liable to be con
verted into mechanical power therefrom.

60
53
54
U.S., Patent
Jun.17,1'980
FIG.
Sheet 1 of5
60
4,208,168
53
54
54
55 55
US Patent
11111.17, 1980
Sheet2of5
FIG.2
4,208,168
U.S., Patent
Jun. 17, 1980
Sheet 5 of5
FIG
.00
.
.
. 7
4,208,168
[11]
Car enter
[54]
Invento?
4,086,498
4/ 1978
Szoeke ............................... .. 415/2 X
5/1978
Kronmiller ..
...... .. 415/2 A
Robert D_- Fitment, 16214 Pasada
4,132,499
1/1979
Igra ............ ..
.. 4l5/DIG. 1 x
Dn, whlttler, Calif. 90603
4,143,992
3/1979
Crook ................................ .. 415/2 A
[22]
Filed:
[51]
Int. Cl.2 .............................................. .. F03D 1/04
Nov. 28, 1978
76475 12/1948 Czechoslovakia ....................... .. 415/75

33383
6/1924
Denmark ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' " 4152 A
801772
8/1936
France
. . . . . ..
416/176
1011132
6/1952
France . . . . .
. . . .. 415/2 A
Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4,
1031023
6/1953
France _ _ , _ .
. . . . . . . .. 415/4
415/72, 73, 75; 416/176, 177, 176 A

[56] '
l/l86l
Holmes .................................. .. 415/2

Austin
833,184 10/1906
ABSTRACT
.
Terzian
_____ __ 5/2
A wmd turbine is provided consisting of a cone or the
,__ ,_
frustum of a cone, on which are mounted in a more or
931,077
1/1911
Feldner _ _ _ _ _ _
1,002,833
9/1911
Giddings
l,136,239
6/ 1916
Dale" -_- ---- -~
3/
[57]
415/129
415/73
415/121 A
Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Stuart W. Knight
3/1880
gomemcok - - - -
1,816,971
8/1931 11211105210
2:195:902
4/1940
3,339,078
162999 5/1921 United Kingdo
References Cited
31,121
.. ...
U_S_ PATENT DOCUMENTS

231,253
Au . 19 9 1980
4,087,196
[21] Appl- No: 964,344
[58]
4,218,175
' [45]
WIND TURBINE
[76]
415 /2
415/2 A
415/2
~-~-
less helical fashion, a plurality of blades having a vary

ing pitch angle. The blades are arranged in a manner to
utilize the initial force of the wind and to continue to
4/l5/75
utilize the diminishing force of the wind after it passes
Pezzillo
WI: 41'5/72
We the leading end f the vanes
gllltgl ~ - - - - - - - -
- - - -- 4153/92/57:
Provided also is a shroud which enhances the wind
if
C .. .. ..
8/1967 Crompton
. . . . . . . ..
415/2 x
4,021,135
5/1977
Pedersen . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. 415/2
4,075,500
2/1978
Oman et a1. ..
415/147 X
4,079,264
3/ l978
Cohen ........................... .. 415/2 A X
tab!
ff
:2: 52116:: 2:68 e d1 user augmen er 0

P
'
[11]
4,218,183
Dall-Winther
[45]
Aug. 19, 1980
[s4] WINDMILL
[76] Inventor: Dennis P. Dall-Winther, RR. #4,
4,134,708
[22] Filed:
[51]
[52]
'
Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06

US. Cl.
.................. ..
416/41; 416/119;
416/132 B
416/119, 139 A, 240 A,
[58] Field of Search .........
416/197 A, 140 R, 142, 37, 41, 42, 132 B,.l35

A, 142 B
[56]
References Cited
247
4/ 1799
Dearborn ........................... .. 416/ 119
32,428
19,383
2/1858
5/1861
Maag
Shaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105,915
8/1870
Coleman et al.
153,237
7/1874
Candee ......... ..
215,035
5/1879
Alden
... .. .
242,211
5/1881
McIlvaine ..
428,495
5/ 1890
Kittinger
593,170
11/1897
White
555175
6/1923
France ................................... .. 416/119
745869
5/1933
France ..
1081481 12/1954
244147 1/1927
Jul. 31, 1978
. . . . .. 416/17
416/ 119
416/41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
416/41
......... .. 416/119 X
..... .. 416/142
416/132 B
Brauser et a1. ............. .. 416/132 B X
Mason City, Iowa 50401
[21] Appl. No.: 929,254
l/l979
France ..
Italy ............... ..
.,
416/119
18482 of 1897 United Kingdom
416/119
.. 416/119
1486338
9/ 1977
United Kingdom .................... .. 416/41
. Primary ExaminerEverette A. Powell, Jr.
Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Morton S. Adler
[57]
ABSTRACT
A multi-vane windmill rotating in a horizontal plane on

a vertical shaft includes frame supported fabric type
vanes with the frame hingedly attached at one end to
support arms to swing closed and catch the wind in one
position and to swing open under centrifugal and wind

forces in another position when coming into the wind to
reduce air resistance. Vanes are releasably attached in
part to the frame for support in operating position and
otherwise slidably secured thereto so as to release and
collapse on the frame under extreme wind pressures
.... .. 416/41
when the frame is closed and thus spill the wind. Stops
416/119
on the support arms provide a limit of movment of the
842,054
l/ 1907
Barker .
928,097
7/1909
Barker
1,075,060
10/1913
OToole ..
416/17
vane frames. A second embodiment of the vanes in
1,266,472
5/1918
Howe .... ..
416/119 X
cludes two overlapping sections normally held in over
1,319,766 10/1919
1,469,064 9/ 1923
1,626,314 4/1927
Gracey
Zucker
Tuckey
2,107,690
2,677,344
3,897,170
Clark .............................. .. 416/119 X

Annis ......................... .. 416/132 B X
Darvishian ......................... .. 416/119
2/1938
5/1954
7/1975
416/132 B X
416/ 197 A
416/140 X
lapped or closed position by yielding means that permit

the sections to separate under high winds to provide an
air passageway through the vane.
[ll]
4,245,958
Ewers
[45]
J an. 20, 1901
[54] VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
[76]
[57]
ABSTRACT
The disclosure teaches improvements in vertical axis
wind turbine apparatus. The improved apparatus has a
vertically rising exoskeletal frame which permits modu
lar addition of supplemental turbine components to the
apparatus. The apparatus is self-supporting, needing no
bracing external of the frame, is relatively small and
light weight, has vertical standards in the frame, a plu
rality of sets of horizontal stretchers integrating the
Inventor:
Marion 1'1. Ewers, P.O. Box 526, La

Veta, Colo. 81055
[21] Appl. No.: 962,859

[22] Filed:
Nov. 22, 1978
[51]
llnt. 1131.3 ............................................ .. F031) 11/04
[52]
US. Cl. .................................. .. 4116/1197 A; 416/9;
[58]
Field of Search ................. .. 415/2 R; 416/197 A,
416/124; 415/2 R
416/DIG. 6, 121 A; 52/654, 655
[56]
References Cited
1,521,422
12/1924
1,974,008
9/1934
Boyd .................................... .. 52/654
Biehn
2,059,356
11/1936
James
2,224,851
12/1940
Lea
2,431,111
11/1947
Du Brie
2,436,747
2/1948
2,658,776
11/1953
3,938,907
2/1976
4,118,637
10/1978
4,134,707
l/l979
.. 415/2 R
4l6/D1G. 6 X
.. . . . .
. . . . ..
Du Brie
Wilcox
416/197 A
............ .. 415/2
.. 416/197 A X
. . . .. . . . . .. .
Magoveny et a1.
. . . . . . ..
52/655
cally to accommodate longitudinal expansions of the
. 290/55
frame.
The turbine is self governing and requires no separate
Tackett
Ewers .................................... .. 415/4
3/1949
Canada .............................. .. 416/197 A
2715919 10/1978
Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/121 A
365643
3/1907
exoskeletal frame. Non-bearing guide means are pro

vided to prevent lateral movement of the shaft and
associated turbines. The apparatus may be provided in
kit form which can be readily assembled or disassem
bled according to need.
The guide bearings permit the drive shaft to move verti
.. 415/4 X

455463
standards and means for bracing the frame elements.
The speci?cation teaches the support of the axially

disposed drive shaft and associated turbines by means of
upwardly and radially inwardly extending arms which
distribute the weight of the operating structure to the
France ....................................... .. 416/9
speed governing apparatus, and grossly equalizes pres

sures on the tower on the windward and leeward sides.
Unlted States Patent [191
[11]
4,288,200
OHare
[45]
Sep. 8, 1981
[54]
WIND TOWER TURBINE
[76]
lnventor:
Louis R. OHare, 1041 Ponderosa

Apt- 2, Fort Collins, (3010- 80521
[21]
APPL NO 331195
[22] Filed'
821930 of 1951
Fed. Rep. of Germany ........ .. 415/2
575587
France
8/1924
. . . . . . . . . .. . . . ._ . .
. . . . ..
415/2
900038 6/1945 prance

973968 2/1951 France
____ __ 1115/2
...... .. 415/60
977561
. 416/121 A
4 1951
France
2286954 471976 France .......................... .. 416/197 A
Am" 25 1979
[51]
Int. CL-l .............................................. .. F03D 3/04
[52]
[58]
11.5.1131. ...................................... .. 415/2 R; 416/9

Field Of Search ................................. .. 415/2 R-4;
[57]
ABSTRACT
A wind powered turbine drive for an electric generator
416/9
is disclosed in which both the generator and the turbine

driving it are stationary and remain in a ?xed position
irrespective of wind direction. This turbine facilitates
electric power generation by wind power in those
1,096,057 5/1914 Rees ...................................... .. 415/2

1'674 169 5/1928 Flame "
416/4
higher pcwer ranges where the greater generator and

turbine weights otherwise make it difficult and costly to
[56]
References Cited
. . . .. . . . .. .
1,808,874
15/1931
Wilson
1,810,113
6/1931
Schlotzhauer I
________ __ 45/2
support and to rotate the generator to face the drlvmg
1'812741 6/1931 Espinosa ______ N

2,569,983 10/1951 Favre ....... ..
3,895,882 7/1975 Moyer
415/2
416/4
.... .. 415/2
415/2 X
wind because this present generator obviates the neces

sity of the generators changing direction in that this
present turbine receives wind energy from any direc
tion by the use of a weather vane which weathercocks
3970309
7/1976 Luchuk ---- '~
41084918
V1978
Pavlecka ' ' ' ' ' '
4,088,419
5/1978
Hope
. . . . . .. . . . .. . .
. . . . ..
415/2
' ' ' " 5/2 X

. . . . ..
415/2
4,156,580 5/1979 P0111 ...................................... .. 415/2
to rotate a wind inlet to the direction from which the

.
"d 5 b1wmg and thereby exposes my the recedmg
turbine blades to the force of the incoming wind.

497835 112/1950
Belgium ................................ .. 415/4
[11]
4,293,274
Gilman
[45]
Oct. 6, 1981
[54]
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE FOR

GENERATING USABLE ENERGY
[76] Inventor:
Frederick C. Gilman, 4th and Market,

Box 395, Osceola, Mo. 64776
are connected to each other by a plurality of support

and transmission assemblies in the form of articulated
members and to the main or driven shaft for driving
engagement thereof. The coacting vane members may
[21] Appl.No.: 78,643
either have straight side edges or preferably have spi

ralled or helically shaped side edges which in the closed
[22] Filed:
position are aligned and in abutment with each other to

de?ne and form a right circular cylinder in side eleva
Sep.24, 1979
[51]
1111. (:1.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06
[52]
us. (:1. ...................................... .. 416/51; 416/88;
[58]
Field of Search ........ .. 416/87, 88, 197 A, 176 A,
416/176; 416/197 A
416/139 A, 43 A, 44 A, 51 A, DIG. 9, 88
[56]
References Cited
1,697,574
2,596,726
1/1929
5/1952
Savonius .................. .. 416/197 A X

Rydell ...................... .. 416/197 A X
tion. The vanes are movable between a normally open
starting position and a closed position to vary the total

vane surface available for contact by the wind forces
acting at any given time when the wind turbine is in
operation. Articulated members of the support and
transmission assemblies are pivoted to permit transla
tional or side wise movement to and fro of the comple
mentary vanes transverse relative to each other and the
vertical axis through the main shaft, and pivotal cross

members on each of the articulated support and trans

103819
7/1926
Austria ................................ .. 416/87
187865
416/197 A
Ad.35860
3/1930
France .......................... .. 416/197 A
1518151
7/1978
United Kingdom ......... .. 416/176 A

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Daniel H. Bobis; Norman N.
mission assemblies are' vertically linked together to
simultaneously alter the articulated members during

such movement. The respective complementary and
cooperating vanes have their weight so distributed that
centrifugal forces will act to move the complementary
vanes towards the closed or right circular cylindrical
form automatically as high rotational speeds result from
Popper
excessive wind.
[57]
ABSTRACI
A wind turbine for converting wind forces into usable
Additionally the wind turbine as above described with

resilient means to move the coacting cooperating vanes
energy has a main shaft rotatably mounted in the axis of
rotation for the wind turbine, and a pair of coacting

complementary longitudinally extending vane members
to the normally open starting position.

[11]
4,303,835
Bair
[45]
Dec. 1, 1981
[54]
WIND POWERED GENERATOR WITH
4,048,947
CYCLIC AIRFOIL LATCHING
4,050,246 9/1977 Bourquardez ..
290/55
4,066,911
290/44
[76] Inventor:
[21]
4,113,408 9/1978 Wurtz er a1,
416/17
4,115,027
290/44
1m. (:1.3 ......................... .. F01D 7/00; F03D 7/06

US. Cl. .......... ., .......................... .. 290/55; 290/44;
416/17; 416/119
l

2807092
2289769
4162/91)7/4131 144115 119
..................... ..
Gagnebin
1,075,060 10/1913
OToole ........................ .. 416/142 B
11/1939
Claytor
2,363,827
11/1944
2,373,207
4/1945
. . . . . . . ..
2,667,589
axis. A plurality of vertically disposed airfoils are pro

vided, the airfoils being rotatable about a vertical axis
. . . ..
290/44
. . . ..
290/44
290/55
King .... ..
290/55
parallel to the axis of the generator. The airfoils are
416/111
selectively latched to be disposed perpendicularly of

the wind direction during one phase of their revolution
about the generator axis and are selectively unlatched to
l/l954 Levrero
290/55
3,222,533 12/1965 MacKay
290/55
3,730,643 5/1973 Davison
416/17
3,743,848
290/55
7/ 1973 Strickland .
3,793,530
2/1974
Carter .......... ..'. .................... .. 290/55
3,874,816
4/1975
Sweeney et a1. .................. .. 416/139
3,883,750 5/1975 Uzzell, Jr.

3,895,236
7/1975
3/1976
Carter
electronic means which determine the point of latching

and'unlatching as a function of the wind direction mea
.. 290/55
3,902,072 8/1975 Quinn

3,942,026 3/1976 Carter
3,944,839
be permitted to rotate into a position generally parallel

to the wind direction during other phases of their revo
lution. The latching and unlatching of the airfoils is
determined by the wind direction and is effected by
290/55
Herron .... ..
290/44
290/55
.......
. . . ..
sured by a wind vane. The airfoils may comprise sails
290/55
3,995,170 11/1976 Graybill
290/55
4,031,173
6/1977
Rogers ' .... ..
290/55
4,039,848
8/1977
Winderl ...... ..
290/55
composed of a ?exible material stretched into a prede
termined shape on aframe.
4,039,849 8/1977 Mater et a1. ........................ .1 290/55
it
121
ABSTRACT
A wind powered generator rotatable about a vertical
. . . ..
2,542,522 2/1951 Hing's

7/1952
[57]
290/44
.......
2,388,377 11/1945 Albers

2,603,300
Attorney, Agent, or FirmWeingarten, Schurgin &
2,178,679
Albers
Fed_ Rep of Germany ______ __ 290/55

France ........................ .. 416/DIG. 5
Assistant ExaminerShelley Wade

.....
2/1978
4/1974
Primary Exam1nerJ. V. Truhe
, 54, 55;
References Cited
Touhey
290/55
290/55
4,178,126 12/1979 Weed .................................. .. 416/17
[51]
[58] F1? d of Search
9/1978 Thomas ..... ..
4,129,787 12/1978 Palma

4,156,580 5/1979 Pohl
[52]
[56]
Sarchet ......... ..
Plain, Mass. 02.130
Mar 31, 1980
'
l/1978
Puran Bair, 49 Ell1ot-St., .lamalca
APPI- NO-= 135,343
[22]
9/ 1977 Sicard ................................. .. 290/55
United States P 21161111 [19]
{11]
4,309,146
Hein et a1.
[45]
Jan. 5, 1982
[54]
AMPLIFIED WIND TURBINE APPARATUS
[75] Inventors: Leopold A. Hein, Fayetteville, Tenn.;

_
Asslgnee-
3/ 1925 France ........................ ,. 415/DIG. S
30331
5/1926
1062631
4/ 1954 France ......... ..
.... .1 415/3 A
France .................... .1
416/123
.. 415/4 A
1086320
2/1955
The Umted States of APeflca as
1231581
5/1971 United Kingdom ......... .. 415/2 A
i'?prleqsegted
11):eronau
the Adtmlmstttiatsor
of
e a ona
165 an
pace
1519774 8/1978 United Kingdom ............. .. 415/2 A
Administration, Washington, DC.
415/2 A
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
[21] APPL NO; 129,780
Aoigiagon gNeek issplace Technology Mar. 1, 1976; vol.

;
[22] Filed:
343432 7/1939 F222:
William N. Myers, Huntsville, Ala,
[731
28797
Mar. 12, 1980
0.
pp_
Primary Exammer-Everette A. Powell, J r.

[51]
Int. Cl.3 .............................................. ., F031) l/04
Attorney, Ageng, 0r Firm_J05eph H. Beumer; John R
[52]
U.S.
Manning; L_
[58]
Field of Search ....... .. 415/2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 2-4 R,
.............
. . . . . . . . ..
R;
415/DIG_ 8
[56]
Woffofdy Jr_
[57]
References Cited
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to the utilization of wind energy
and increasing the effects thereof for power generation.

Ampli?ed wind turbine apparatus is disclosed wherein

129,567 7/1872
145,214 12/1873
1,519,447 12/1924
1,545,633 7/1925
3,302,552 2/1967
3,345,931 10/1967
4,017,205 4/1977
4,018,543 4/ 1977
4,070,131 1/ 1978
4,154,556 5/1979
4,236,866 12/1980
ambient inlet air is prerotated in a ?rst air rotation
chamber (B) having a high pressure pro?le increasing

the turbulence and Reynolds number thereof and a
second rotation chamber (C) adjacent and downstream

of the turbine has a low pressure core pro?le whereby
flow across the turbine is accelerated and thereafter
exits the turbine apparatus through a draft anti-interfer
ence device (D) which eliminates interference with
ambient winds at the outlet of the turbine apparatus.
Pivotable vanes 12 controlled in response to prevailing
Wind direction admit air to the chambers and aid in
imparting rotation. A central core 20 may be utilized for

creating the desired pressure pro?le in chamber B.
415/4 A
415/2 A
539099 6/ 1922 France .............................. 1. 415/3 A
A!
36
IV 326!
2261
CN
22
2a
4'
15d
{5e
' Z0
/5
29
A,
[5a
25a.
l2
'1 5
22
76
I 250.
Z5
26
702/ K10
States
[54]
atet [191
MODULAR WINDMILL INSTALLATION

_
[76]
Inventor:
Jerimiah B. Black, 2065 Church

Creek Dr-, Charleston, SC. 29407
[21]
APPL NO" 109,253
[22]
Filed:
[51]
[52]
Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06

U.S. C1. ........................................ .. 415/4; 416/32;
416/197 A
Field of Search ...................................... .. 415/2-4;
[45]
Mar. 23, 1982
4,134,708
I/ 1979 Brauser et a1. ................ .. 416/1'19 X
4,161,658
7/1979
Patrick
.... ..... ...
. . . . . . ..
416/48
_ 416/121 A X
....... .. 415/4 R
4,213,734
7/1980' Lagg
415/4 A
4,245,958
l/l98l Ewers ........................... .. 416/197 A
4,237,384 12/1980 Kennon
Jan. 3 1980
. 415/4 R X

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wigman & Cohen
[57]
416/ 197 A, 32, 169 B, 121 A
[56]
4,321,005
4,165,468 8/1979 Fry ct a1_

4,204,126 5/1980 Diggs
[58]
[11]
ABSTRACT
A windmill installation adapted to extract energy from
References Cited
natural wind currents is disclosed wherein a plurality of
U'S' PATENT DOCUMENTS
1nd1v1dualw1nd wheel modules are stacked vert1cally 1n

a tower-like structure and are interconnected with one
692,714
2/1902 Sala et al. ..................... .. 416/ 197 A
another to operate in a unitary manner. Each module
930,794
8/1909
. . . . . . . . . . .. 416/32
has a rotor assembly
4l6/DI4G1-6437;
rotor assemblies of other modules without interrupting
Pierson
...
1,027,501 5/1912 Pearson ..

1,411,137
3/1922 Toborg
1,441,774
1/1923
..................... ..
Adams ................. ..
416/32
abe wmdslneld 1s provldeld about the rotor assembly
Biehn _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _. 415/2 R
for lmprovmg output ef?clency of the w1nd wheel and
2,094,603 10/1937 Keene .

2,224,851 12/1940 Lea ----- ~-
416/ 119 X
416/DIG- 6
protecting the rotor assembly from damage in the event

of excessively high wind speeds. The angular position
9/1934
the generation of power from the installation. A rotat_
415/4X
1,804,493 5/1931 Benjamins

1,974,008
is disengageable from the
1;;
31113116
1.111111
5 ii
........... ..
3,938,907 2/1976 Magoveny et al
415/2 R X
4,113,408
9/1978
416/117 X
4,134,707
1/1979 Ewers ................................... .. 415/4
Wurtz et a1. ..... .1
22
I8
of the windshield is determined by an automatic control

.
64 204
202 '00
f
.f .
36
I8
'
'
I
s4
>10
I00l f
,26
\_
j I4
\
1551
2422
'6\ 55\
>50
\/'4
2,
1 l8
. . ..-
I5
I5
I9,
-22
I00
4;
T26;
_
"
\
I5
20
5
22
.-_J
I6
/
26
I4
\\
55
24 l
'
system responslve to w1nd speed and directlon.
I001 /-
at
'50!
"g \ _
..
11M
1 .
\fs
m
24
,2
[111
4,350,900
Baughman
[45]
Sep. 21, 1982
[54]
WIND ENERGY MACHINE
[76] Inventor:
Harold E. Baughman, PO. Box 6506,

Santa Rosa, Calif. 95406
[57]
[21] App]. No.: 205,428

Nov. 10, 1980
[22] Filed:
[51]
Int. Cl.3
..
F03D 7/06
front of the housing to direct ?ow against a plurality of
55;
vertical vanes carried on and around a cylindrical rotor
185
within the housing. The ducts on one side of the front
References Cited
to-back centerline project air streams directly in, in the
direction of rotation, while those on the other side of

the centerline reverse the stream so that they will also
Us PATENT DOCUMENTS
l
l
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
semi-cylindrical back wall and horizontal top and bot

tom walls. A plurality of intake ducts open across the
415/2 R
290/43, 44, 54,
415/2; 416/179, 133 ,
[56]
ABSTRACT
A rotary machine to be driven by a ?ow stream, such as

wind or a water stream, including a housing with a
[52] Us. c1. .......................I...II.II.II:I 290/55; 290/44 ,

[58] Field of Search
Primary ExaminerJ. V. Truhe

Assistant Examiner-W. E. Duncanson, Jr.
Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Melvin R. Stidham
' impinge upon the vanes in the same rotational direction.
The vanes are con?gurated asairfoils so that, in addi

tion to the reaction to the flow impingement, there will
be a lift vector in the direction of. rotation. In one em
bodiment, the airfoil vanes are disposed in rows of two
or more from outside to inside, closely spaced to form
venturi slots between them.
.
\\. .
1/
, I..
./
3
a
l
a
w
K.
2M.
Umted States Patent [191
[111
4,357,130
Forrest
[45]
Nov. 2, 1982
[54]
WIND COLLECTION APPARATUS
4,142,823
3/1979 Nickel] .............................. ._ 415/2 R
[761
lnventorI
4,204,795
4,204,796
5/1980 Forrest
Pack ......................... .. 416/197 A x
William
_ _
J- Forrest, 3400 NW-
Expressway, Oklahoma City, Okla.

73112
[2!]
[22]
L N z 131 663
App
0
,
Filed:
Mar. 19, 1980
. .
1'
'
1)
Related U s A man
[63]
.ata
Pat. NO. 4,204,795.
[51]
[58]
1/1958 Belgium ........................ .1 416/240 A

415/2 R
2/1953 France .......................... .. 416/197 A
2289761
5/1976 France
344055 10/1936
Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 835,184, Sep. 21, 1977,
416/197 A; 416/196 A
. 416/197 A
Italy
415/2 R
445080 2/1949 Italy ..................... ..
416/197 A
19491 of 1891 United Kingdom _,
416/196 A
263722
Int. C1.3 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06
[52] 11.5. C1.
56361
423575
1021619
1/ 1927 United Kingdom ......... .. 416/197 A
Attorney, Agent, or FirmDunlap & CQdding
Field of Search ........ .. 416/197 A, 196 A, 240 A,
416/194 A; 415/2 R
[56]
References Cited
[57]
ABSTRACI
An improved wind collectmg apparatus utilized for

transforming wlnd energy to rotary motion. The rotary
U-S- PATENT DOCUMENTS
motion then can be utilized for driving an electric gen
440,266 11/1890 Meredith ............. ....... .. 416/196 A
1,001,291 8/1911 McKenzie
armor, for example The apparatus generally comprises
416/196 A
four semi-cylindrically shaped wind collecting blades
. . . . . .. 415/2RX
connected to a shaft which is mounted for rotation
1,105,750 8/ 1914 Browne
416/197 A X
about an axis of rotation and includes blade and cable
1,120,930 12/1914 G055 @131
416/196 A X
support systems for reducing the effect of various de
;'3S%499 4/ 919 lsgagel """" "
structive forces and for providing structural integrity,
/
A
415/2 R X
415/2 R X
the apparatus also including ?exibly connected joints to

.
. . .
.
.
provide some ?exibility 1n the supportmg structure
1,055,858
'5 835
1,790,175
1 798 211
3/1913
Bennett . . . . .
3/1926
oth? """ "
1/1931
Spencer
3/1931 Law
..... ..
1:948:458 2/1934 De Lgcnigw _
116/196 A X
2,436,747
416/197 A X
2/1948
DuBrie ....... ..
4,118,637 10/1978 Tackett ..................... .. 416/197 A X
while maintaining the required structural integrity.

United States Patent [19;
[11}
4,359,311
Benesh
[45]
Nov. 16, 1982
[54] WIND TURBINE ROTOR
[57]
[76] Inventor:
A turbine apparatus for utilization of the kinetic energy

of moving air or ?uid is disclosed. The turbine appara
tus is comprised of a rotor (20) mounted for rotation
Alvin H. Benesh, 120 S. Adams Ave.,

Pierre, S. Dak. 57501
[21] App]. No.: 267,006

[22] Filed:
May 26, 1981
about a central axis (21) with respect to a support mem
ber (22) and connected to means (23) for converting
[51]
Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 3/06
[52]
[58]
US. Cl. ........................ .. 416/197 A; 4l6/DIG. 2

Field of Search ..... _. 416/197 A, DIG. 2, DIG. 9
[56]
References Cited
2,252,788
8/1941
Baum et a]. ....... ..
416/197 A
416/197 A X

601266
2/ 1926
727519
6/1932 France
416/197 A
797106
4/1936
France ....... ..
416/197 A
596447
3/1978
Switzerland ...... ..
647938_ l2/l950
rotation of the rotor (20) to usable energy. The rotor
(20) includes a plurality of blades (40, 41, 42) disposed

symmetrically about the central axis (21), each of the
blades having an outer edge (43) and an inner edge (44)
with respect to the central axis (21). In addition, each
blade (40, 41, 42) has a curved portion (45) and a second
portion (46), the curved portion (45) beginning at the
Sparr ............................. .. 416/197 A
4,005,947 2/1977 Norton

4,177,009 12/1979
ABSTRACT
France ........................ .. 4l6/DIG. 9
.. 4l6/DIG 6
United Kingdom ............. .. 415/4 R
outer edge (43) and terminating at the second portion

(46). The curved portion (45) has a surface generally
concave with respect to the central axis (21). The sec
ond portion (46) extends from the curved portion (45)

and terminates at the inner edge (44). The inner edge
lies in a plane containing the central axis, the plane
being disposed at an angle greater than 60 measured
about the central axis (21) from a plane containing the
outer edge (43) and the central axis (21). Variations of
these and other components of the present invention are
also described.
Attorney, Agent, or FirmMerchant, Gould, Smith,

Edell, Welter & Schmidt
[11]
4,430,044
Liljegren
[45]
Feb. 7, 1984
54
VERTI AL AXIS WIND T RBINE
[ 1
[76]
Inventor:
L. Kenyon Liljegren, 1260 SE.
1045038 12/1978 Canada .............................. .. 416/119
Walnut #5, Tustin, Calif. 92680
2827044 12/1978 Fed. Rep. of Germany .

2745862
[21]
4/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany .
2919328 11/1980 Fed. Rep. of Germany ...... .. 416/17
Appl' NO 324103
_
[22]
F11ed=
Nov- 23, 1981
[51]
Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06
2289769
5/1976 France ................................ .. 416/17
2468002
5/1981
301091
[56]
416/119
416/140 R
1/1930 United Kingdom
1468338
[52] US. Cl. .............................. .. 416/119; 4164/l

[58]
France ..
2481756 11/1981 France ................... ..
416/119
9/1977 United Kingdom .............. ._ 416/119
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Field of Search ................... .. 416/119, 17, 139 A,
WINDPOWER, A Handbook On Wind Energy Con
4l6/DIG. 8, 132 B
version Systems, by V. Daniel Hunt, Dir., The Energy
Institute, pp. 553, 104,123-126, 186-187, 246, 241, 192,
References Cited
194-195.
Primary Examiner~Everette A. Powell, Jr.
1,582,361
4/1926 Welsch .......................... .. 416/119 x
Ammey' Agent 0 Fm_Kbbe Martens 015 &
1,592,242
7/1926 Welsch .......................... .. 416/119 X
Bear
1,835,018 12/1931 Darrieus .

3,874,816
4/1975
57
Sweeney et a1. .................. .. 416/139
3,918,839 11/1975 Blackwell et a1. ..

416/175
3,942,909 3/1976 Yengst .................... .. 416/132
4,003,676 1/1977 Syveeney et a1.

Slcal'd ............ ..
4,052,134 10/1977 Rumsey

4105363 8/1978 Loth
416/132
X
416/119
416/41
A ST
1 _
_ B
around an orbital path. A torque sensitive control
416/119
416/119
an
416/132
range Ofthe turbme
4,334,823
6/1982
4,368,392
1/ 1983 Drees ............................ .. 416/ 119 X
Sharp ..... ..
the pivotal
movement of the blade forms in response to changes in

the rotational speed of the turbine so that high torque
4,180,367 12/1979 Drees
5/1980 Bolie ...... __
_ '
means is provided to progressively
4,204,805
4,248,568 2/1981 Lechner
RACT
A wmd turbmc 1s dlsclosed C0mpr1s1ng blade forms

mounted for limited pivotal movement as they proceed
ff .
e iclency 1s.o talne
d h
t roug out t e operationa
.. 416/119
[11] Patent Number:

[45] Date of Patent:
Corry
[54] JIBE MILL
Inventor;
21
[ 1
Fort Worth
R Con-y,
Tex 76107Mattison,
Primary Examiner-Everette
France A.
................................
Powell, Jr. ..
1 .N .: 94081
S
pp
[22] Filed;
4,457,669
Jul. 3, 1984
Attorney, Agent, or FirmCushman, Darby & Cushman
[57]
Oct, 24, 1978
ABSTRACT
A sail-type windmill providing high torque without
[51]
Int. cl.3 ....................................... .. F03D 7/06
limitations to size. Three sails are mounted to a frame

fr retetieh ehe" an axis generally Parallel he the Planes
[52]
US. Cl. ............................... .. 416/119- 416/132 B
of the sails- In one versien, the Sails are ?exible and
[58] Field of Search _____________ 416/132 13,340 A, 119

416/142 52
sheets are provided for mounting the sails. Roller reef

ing is provided for modifying the effective area each sail
member presents to the wind, including a spring biased
[56]
weight associated with each sail and a line extending
.
References Cited
U5. PATENT DOCUMENTS
from the weight for effecting take-up and let-out of the

sail and the sheet in response to radial movement of the
82,307 9/1868 Goodale ............................ .. 416/119
242,211 5/1881 Mcllvaine .
Weight- 1" anmher versiml, the sails are 0f metal and
416/119 x
Speed governing 1S provlded by hydraqllc _eylinders
257,649 5/1882 Bragdon
....... .. 416/52
operatlvely mounted to the sails for plvotlng them
509,866 12/1893 Bradford

535,602 3/ 1895 Sherman
416/119 X
416/240 A
about their axes of rotation, the hydraulic cylinders

controlled by a aerometer mounted atop the windmill.
Clade . . . . . . . .
1,171,584 2/1916 Bla1$1y_

gal-Tums
. . . . - - . . ..
2,319,286 5/1943 Anr;;;;;"IIIIII. . . .

3,918,839 11/1975 Blackwell et a1.
3,995,l70
11/1976
Graybill
... .........
The frame Structure of the
can be mounted for
416/2:6x
rotation about a central shaft, or about a circular track
"""" " 416218 , with rollers from the frame engaging the circular track,
' ' 116/240 A
.... .. 416/240 A
. . . . . . ..
and a Pwer takwff being asmciated with the circular

track
290/55
4,105,363 . 8/1978 Loth ................................ .. 416/23 X
//g
4&20 45/
a/
v
4/
24 1' / /
I|
25 40 // 40
j%r/
/4
/ "
20
Unite
States Patent [19]
[11] Patent Number:
Williams
[45]
[54]
REGULATED HIGH TORQUE FLEXIBLE
4,184,084
1/ 1980 Crehore .............................. .. 290/55
BLADED WIND WHEEL
4,218,183
8/1980 Dall-Winther ............... .. 416/41
4,334,823
6/1982
Inventor:
4,346,305 8/1982 White ............................ .. 416/140 x
[76]
Dennis L. Williams, 1520 E. Canyon
Dr., South Weber, Utah 84403
Date of Patent:
4 9 468 9 169
Aug. 28, 1984
Sharp ..................... ..
416/119
[21]
Appl' No" 409231
2033463
3/1972 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/119
[22]
Filed:
63806
2426813
7/1864 France ....................... ..

l/l980 France
[51]
111i. GL3 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06
[52]
us. Cl. . ............................. .. 416/119; 416/132 B;
Aug. 18, 1982
2469576
_
416/140
[58] Field of Search ................ .. 416/119, 41 R, 132 B
5/1981
416/117
416/140
France _____________________________ __ 416/119
Primary ExammerEverette A. Powell, Jr.

fsitwmela Agent, 0' FirmDOna1d J- Smear; Bobby D
cearce
[56]
References Cited
[57]
11s. PATENT DOCUMENTS
ABSTRACT
,
41 W119
An improved horizontally mounted wlnd wheel is pro

vided which comprises a framework mounted for rota_
tion in a horizontal plane on a central upright drive
.
shaft, a plurality of secondary shafts supported for rota
498:068 5/1893 LonningIII...................:'4.l6/140 R
111 on Said framework near the Periphery thereof a
335,667 11/1906 Donneny _

1,015,517 1/1912 Snyder .............................. .. 416/118
vane mounted near one end thereof to each secondary

shaft, a plurality of vane stops on the framework posi
'67,041 5/1832 glolman ............................. .. 416/112

22 '357 4/1880
aFcon? '
297,904 4/ 1884 Witherspoon
485 933 11/1892 Herman
1,230,885
6/1917
..................... .. 416/ 119
. . . . .. 416/118
tioned radially inwardly of the secondary shafts for
1,469,064 9/ 1923 Zucker

1,511965 10/1924 Henmsh
Gay . . . . . . _ .
416/41 X
416/ 119 X
limiting the rotation of the vanes, each of said second

ary shafts being mounted for rotation about an axis
2123592 8/1932 Muilhkm

:ne
4161419
41 / 1329905);
which is tilted with respect to a vertical to said horizon

tal plane whereby each vane has a preferred predeter
3,938,907 2/1976
5/141
mined rest position de?ned by the direction of tilting of
3,995,170 11/1976 Graybill .......... ..
290/55
4,039,849 8/1977 Mater et a1.
290/55
each 3X15 frm 1 Sald Vertlc?l
4,048,947 9/1977 Sicard ............................... .. 416/119
T0 LOAD
Unlted States Patent [19]
[11] Patent Number:
McVey
[45]
[54] TURBINE-TYPE WIND MACHINE

[76]
Invenw?
[21]
Appl. No.27 413,667
Date of Patent:
P8111 W'Mcvey4039 Gremloch La"

Houston, Tex. 77025
494602 1/1977 Australia ........................... ..

380643 10/1907 France
515331 3/1921 France
104579 8/1980 Japan ................. ..
Sep. 1, 1982
Int. Cl.3 .............................................. .. F03D 3/04

US. 01. ........... ..
415/2 R; 415/162
Field of Search ................................. .. 415/2-4 R,

415/2-4 A, 162, 165, 151, 159, 216
U'S' PATENT
References
DOCUMENTS
l
415/3
415/2
415/2
415/3
R
R
R
R
415/2 R
188653 3/1923 United Kingdom
415/2 R
558929
[51]
[52]
[58]
Dec. 4, 1984
[22] Flledz
4,486,143
l/l944 United Kingdom ............. .. 415/3 R
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
W() 8103633; Dec. 1931_
_
_
63,498 4/1867 Gallup .......................... .. 415/2 R X
A wind machine which includes turbine assemblies

arranged in superposed relationship and wherein the
94,624
turbine assemblies may vary in size and number in ac
Maxwell . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. 415/4 R
194322 9/1377 H099! ----- --
9/1869
415/2RX
cordance with power requirements, together with a
232558
9/1880
SmFh ' ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' ' ' HS/4 R
plurality of de?ector panels or sails associated with the
294,943
3/1884
White ..... ..
416/119X
.
turblne
unit- of each assembly for directing
the wind
to
8/1897
Hardaway
588,572
640,901
667,965
.. 415/2 R X
V1900 Hardaway
2/1901 Barwis _______ __
633,935 10/1901 Heme]

864,789
9/1907 Kickoush .
1,008,148 11/1911
d . .
b.
416/DIG_ 6 x
of driving vanes which would tend to interfere with
.......... .. 415/3 R
desired rotation of the turbine unit. The de?ector panels
. . . . .. 415/18
or sails also accurately controlling the volume of air
- 415/4 R
which bypasses each panel or sail to thereby prevent
l-libbs . . . . . , . . . . .
013k - ~ - ~ - ' - - - ~ -
' - ' - - - -- 5/2 R
stacking or turbulence adjacent the driving vanes of
15033061 7/1924 Pendergast "

l,592,4l7
7/1926
Burke ........ ..
.
115/2 R X
the turbine unit. The panels also being arranged to re

capture the major
portion
of the bypassed an
and direct
1,595,578
415/2 R X
1 636 449
3/1923
f h
se ected areas 0 t e rrvmg vanes o eac tur me unit

and at the same time shielding from the Wll'ld other areas
1,332,591 6/ 1921 Ackefmann

1,463,924
0 5/2 R x
416/119 X
8/1926
4l5/2RX
Sovereign
7/1927 Adams __________ __
415/2 R x
it back mto the turbine unit wh1ch increases efficiency
3,938,907 2/1976 Magoveny et al.
415/2 R x
0f 0139mm"
3,994,621 11/1976 Bogie ................ ..
415/2 R X
4,415,814 11/1983 Parra ................................. .. 415/2 R
/Z
3!
//
/3
| __
39
,/
73
j!
._
26
r / A
24
'T'
._
a"/'
\
A9
._
._ ' T
4-
.\ 9"
[11]
Patent Number:
4,545,729
Storm
[45]
Date of Patent:
Oct. 8, 1985
[54]
WIND TURBINE APPARATUS .
[76]
Invento?
4,342,539
8/1982
Potter ........................ .. 416/142 B X
4,350,895
9/1982
Cook ..... ..
Joe Storm, 1105 W- Elna Rae,
4,353,702 10/1982 Nagy
Tempe, Ariz. 85281
4,417,853 11/1983
Cook
4,420,692 12/1983
Kos .... ..
[21] Appl' No" 518,047
4,435,125 3/1984 Cook
[22]
Filed;
4,457,669
[51]
Int. Cl.4 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06
U.S
[58]
Jul. 28, 1933
410/132 B
7/1984 Corry ............................ .. 416/132 B
OfGermany
555175
Field of Search ............. .. 416/132 B, 119, 135 A,

416/88, 240 A, DIG. 5, 142 B
2289769
2468002
6/1923
416/41
is???
5/1931 Benjamins __
Belding . . . . . .
2,677,344 5/ 1954 Annis..... ..

graybln ,
umsey
[57]
ABSTRACT
Wind turbine apparatus includes a plurality of sail ele
556:396 3/1896 Alz?dg ____

2,015,777 10/1935
U.S.S.R. ....................... .. 416/24OA
Smythe ............................. .. 416/132
215,035 5/1879 Alden
1,804,493
416/DIG. 5
....... .. 416/119
Primary Examiner-Everette A. Powell Jr.

.
Attorney, Agent, or Firml-l. Gordon Shields
U . S . P A TEN T DOCU M E NTS

9/1874
France .............................. .. 416/119
5/1976 France
4/1981 France
577300 10/1977
155,472
.. 416/41 A X
116/142
References Cited
416/240 A x
....... .. 416/132 B
.............................. ..
[56]
4l6/240A X
416/119
ments secured to a circular frame rotatable in response
416/132
to wind reactmg with the sail elements and a control
. . . . . . . . .. 416/ 132
system for the sail elements includes a weight having
416/240 A X
---------
Movement of the weight in response to wind velocity
_ . . _ " 116/132
resucllts 1n a change in the sa1l elements exposed to the
cables extending from the weight to the sail elements.
.... ..
4,191,507
3/1980
DeBerg I I _ _
4,274,011
4,276,033
6/1981
6/1981
Gar?nkle
Krovina
4,341,176
7/ 1982 Orrison ......................... .. 416/119 X
416/132BX
.. 416/240 A X
Wm -
[11] Patent Number:
Trigilio
[45]
[54]
Date of Patent:
4,551,631
Nov. 5, 1985
WIND AND SOLAR ELECTRIC
4,370,559
GENERATING PLANT
4,433,544 2/1984
l/ 1983 Langley, Jr. ..................... .. 290/1 R
Invento?
4,486,143 12/1984 McVey ............................. .. 415/2 R
4,474,529 10/1984
[76]
Gaetano T- Trigilio, 5090 Arch St,
..
Maple Hts" Ohm 44137

[21] Appl. No.: 628,271
Primary Examiner--William M. Shoop, Jr.

Assistant ExaminerShik Luen Paul Ip
[22] Filed:
::r,r;i;v,&Aiir:1tg or FirmShlesinger, Arkwright,
JuL 6, 1984
[51]
Int. Cl. ......................... .. F03D 9/00; F03D 7/06
[52]
us. c1. ................................... .. 290/55; 290/1 R;
290/44; 415/3; 415/2 R; 415/4

[58]
[56]
ABSTRACT
Field of Search ................... .. 290/1 R, 1 C, 2, 42,

290/43, 44, 53, 54, 55; 416/132 B, 169 B, 121 A,
cludes a plurality of turbine assemblies. The turbine

assemblies rotate on a common axis transverse of a base.
176 A, 41 A, 50 A, 197 A; 415/2, 2 A, 5, 4, 3 R;

417/330 331 333 332
References Cited
A plurality of shutter assemblies are disposed in a circu

lar orientation around each of said turbine assembly and
are independently operable for causing wind current to
be directed thereby for rotating said turbine assemblies.
Five wall elements extend outwardly tangential to the
liaktlef at all -------------------- -- 291x35)?

,
[571
A wind energy collection and conversion system in
en
.. .. .. .- .
. . . . ..
4,119,863 10/1978
K61 1y ' l ' .
4,134,707
Ewers ........... ..
1/l979
I I . . " 290/55
4,142,822 3/1979 Herbert et al

Monk et a1
290/55 X
29055 X
4,289,444
9/1981
4,309,146
1/1982 I-Iein et a1. ........................ .. 415/2 R
periphery de?ned by the shutter assemblies and inter

'
'
cept the w1nd current and d1rect the wlnd currents
toward the shutter assemblies. A roof covers the power

_
plant and thereby 1ncreases the overall ef?clency.
415/3 R
[11]
Patent Number:
4,571,152
Tatar
[45]
Date of Patent:
Feb. 18, 1986
[54]
VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL
[76]
Inventor:
83570 5/1920 Switzerland .................. .. 416/197 A

15646 011892 United Kingdom .
416/197 A
Frank J. Tatar, 6808 Lake Shore Rd.,
Derby, NY 14047
229470
1211 Appl. No-: 546,903

[22] Filedl
[51]
2/1925
415/3 R
United Kingdom ............. .. 415/2 R
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Oct- 31, 1983
Page 3 of The History of Windpower Windfarm Mu
Int. Cl.4 .............................................. .. F03D 7/06
[52l
415/4; 416/197 A
[58]
Field of Search ............................. .. 415/2 R-4 R;
Scum Marthas Vineyard

Attorney Agent, or Firm_Bean, Kauffman & Bean
416/197 A
[57]
[56]
References Cited
ABSTRACT
_
A vertlcal axis wmdmill features a wmd vane assembly

74,687
419,345
V1890
0H0 - - - - - - - - -
588,572
8/1897 Hardaway
Z/ 1903 Pearson
/l9l5
Benbow
1,225,033 5/1917 Jackson
,
1,449,192
freely rotatable relative to an output shaft and having a
2/1868 Hidden ............................. .. 415/2 R
?rst wind de?ecting device for channeling oncoming
- - - ~ 415/ 3 R
wind relatively away from and towards wind reaction
------ " 415/4 R
panel carrying spars, during those portions of rotational
416/ 197 A X
415/4 R
415 R X
movement thereof relatively towards and away from

.
.
.
.
.
the wmd, respectively, a second wmd de?ectlng device
....... ..
3/1923 Richard
_________ " 416/35
for channeling oncoming wind relatively towards such
1,469,064 9/1923 Zucker

1,490,344 4/ 1924 Mukai
416/41 R X
416/ 197 A X
spars, during that portion of rotational movement

thereof relatively away from the wind, and a wind vane
- - - " 115/: R
cooperating with the ?rst and second wind de?ecting
1,935,097 V1933
Nelson ' ~ - - -
ilrzhpasiovnuz
devices for. maintaining same in desired relatively sta
4,O31,4O5 6/1977 Asperger _

______ 290/55
4,260,325 4/1981 Cymara .................... .. 416/197 A X
tionary pos1t1ons relative to thedlrection of the oncom

ing wmd, wherein the ?rst wmd de?ecting devlce is
4,289,444
9/1981
Monk et a1. ........................... .. 415/3
formed with an opening ?tted with an auxiliary panel
432L005
3/ 1982
Black - - - 1 - ~ - ~ - - -
v - ~ - - ~ - ~ -- 415/4
directly responsive to high wind loading conditions to
4,350,900 9/1982 Baughman .................... .. 415/4 R X
permit flow of oncoming Wind through Such op?ning
FOREIGN PATENT DQCUMENTS
145115 12/1949 Australia

84158 12/1895 Fed Rep of Germany
595500 10/1925
2288879
111334
5/1976
for purposes of providing a motion retarding or braking
415/4 R
416/197 A
France .......................... .. 416/197 A

France
.....
. . . ..
effect on the rotational speed of thewindmill through

out a substantial portion-of the rotatlonal movement of
the spars towards the wmd
415/3 R
1/1945 Sweden ......................... .. 416/ 197 A
[11] Patent Number:
Rogow et a1.
[45]
[54]
FLUID TURBINE SYSTEM
Mar. 11, 1986
4,095,422 1/1978 Kurakake

4,118,637 10/1978 Tackett
[76] Inventors: Bruce I. Rogow,

3709 .Merrimac
_
4,134,708
Ave.,
Brooklyn,
Stemberg,
San Diego,
N.Y.
4702 -11204
16th
Cahf.Ave.,
92117; Fred
1/ 1979
Brauser et al. .
4,260,325
4,278,896
4,187,123 4/1981
7/1981
2/1980 McFarland
Diggs
Cymara
.
[21] Appl. N0.: 203,234

[22] Filed:
Date of Patent
4,575,639
Dec. 16, 1980
2289766 5/1976 France
415/2 R
210937 2/1924 United Kingdom

F03D 9/00
290/55; 290/44
60/6413, 641_11i 64115;
290/44,55
[56]
References Cited
7/1974 Demarest
4,047,833 9/1977 Decker
415/4
Primary Examiner-W?ham M. Shoop, Jr.

Assistant Examiner-W. E. Dnncanson, Jr.
ABSTRACT
[57]
A dual solar phenomena exploiting system comprises

1,315,595 9/1919 Clark
2,213,497 9/1940 Kelly
3,730,643 5/1973 Davison
3,822,692
..
two main elements; one represents direct solar heat into
electric power converting media, and the other indirect
24/19M / LM?
%60o
memeomp.rm0%remm1 .3q.1ca0%mm.s, e.m1 td

3
n
0
enLaB.w
% m.
.mem2.maF.m.v1.m.
mmme
DS3.mmmam
n
mm.h.
[11] Patent Number:
Appel
[45]
[54] WIND TURBINE GENERATOR

_
[75] Inventorr
[73]
Gerhard H- Appel, San Pedro, Cahf-
Ass'gnee'
giagrcz?lj?eflggrg?'cveergg?f
'
[21]
APPL No_; 641,016
[22]
Flled:
[51]
[52]
Int. Cl. .............................................. .. F031) 3/02

US. Cl. ..................................... .. 415/2 R; 415/3;
[58]
Field of Search ............................. .. 415/2 R-4 R,
Date of Patent:
4,606,697
Aug. 19, 1986
415/2 R
2539058
415/4 R
3/1977
Fed. Re . of German
651354 2/1929 France
416/122 A
900038
416/122 A
6/1945
France
2300235 10/1976
France . . . . .
2509384
France
l/l983
. . . . . . . .. 415/3 R
. 416/122 A
2520813 8/1983 France .
'
138466
Aug- 15, 1984
1518151
10/1981
Japan
...
.4l6/122A
. . . . . . . . . .. .
. . . ..
4l5/4R
7/1978 United Kingdom ......... .. 416/176 A
Primary Examiner_Eve1-ette A, Powell, Jr,

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Georges A. Maxwell
415/60; 416/121; 416/122

415/60, 65, 64; 416/ 122 A
[56]
ABSTRACT
References Cited
elongate, vertically'extending, laterally spaced parallel
ally outwardly projecting circumferentially and longi
rotors with a plurality of circumferentially spaced radi
419,345 1/1890 Otto .............................. .. 416/122 A

2,335,817 11/1943 Topalov ..
....... .. 415/2 R
2;
,
[57]
A wind-powered prime mover comprising a pair of
$01111?
opa
3,928,771 12/1975
- 413/1
ov
.. .. ..
4,017,204
4/1977
Sellman
7/1977
Poeta . . . . . . .
2;
pairs of vanes of the other rotor as the rotors rotate. The
. . . .. 415/2 R
{otors are.rtatably supported atop a min table whlch
. . . ..
Straumsnes . . . . .
4,037,983
tudinally extending vanes. The rotors are arranged so

that the vanes of each rotor projects between adjacent
. .. .. ..
. . . ..
4,074,951 2/1973 Hudson

4,084,918 4/1978 Pavlecka
415/2 R
urns to dlspose the lateral plane on WhlCh the axes of

.
. . . . . . .. 415/2 R
the rFr$ Occur at g tangle t Prevallmg wmd- wlnd
416/122 A X
416/122 A X
directing shrouds are engaged about the lateral outside

halves of the rotors and function to direct wind from
4,082,419 5/1978 $0516 61 @11- ~
A i:
said outer halves of the rotors laterally inward toward
4,15 580
5/1979
and between the lateral inner halves of the rotors. The
4:206:126
5/1980 Diggs
_ _ ---------- ~
gilnglzmson "
' ' '
116/; g
windward sides of the shrouds de?ne a wind gate
AX
through which wind moves into engagement with the
''''
4,474,529 10/1984 Kinsey .............................. .. 415/2 R

5/ 1982 Canada ......................... .. 416/122 A
453231 12/1927 Fed. Rep. ofGermany 416/122 A
rotors and are plvotany movable 1 were? and de
crease the lateral extent of the wind gate to throttle the

wind, as desired.
1124181
10
[11] Patent Number:
Williams
[45]
[54]
WIND OPERATED APPARATUS
633558
_
[76]
Invento?
Robert A- Williams, 2721 Wh?e
Settlement Rd., Fort Worth, Tex.
76107
Filed:
l/ 1928 France .............................. .. 416/101
2461119
3/1981
598756
10/1959
Oct. 21, 1986
France ..
....... .. 416/17
Italy . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. 416/119
Pnmary Exammer-Everette A. Powell, Jr.

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Arthur F. Zobal
[21] Appl. No.. 695,726

[22]
Date of Patent:
4,618,312
[57]
ABSTRACT
Jan. 28, 1985
A frame supported for rotation about a central vertical

Int. GL4 .............................................. .
[52] U'.S. Cl. .................................. .. 416/119; 416/17

[58]
Fleld of Search -------- " 416/101 119 H6 112 A

416/17 87
References Cited
[56]
US' PATENT DOCUMENTS
axis has an enclosing cylindrical side wall

a plural
ity of openings formed therethrough at spaced apart
angular position around the central axis. A plurality of
vanes are located near the side walls for causing the
frame to be rotated by the wind. Each vane is associated
w1th one of the openings and is supported for pivotal

movement such that it may be moved through 1ts associ
39,248
7/ 1863 Scott ................................. .. 416/116
1753252 M1930 Strandgren ____ I

2,041,103
416A12 A
5/1936 Zegers ............... ..
2,171,732 9/1939 Michaelson et al.

4,260,328
4/1981
Hamel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3K3 ---- -,
ason
..
4,410,806 10/1983 Belle ----- -4,507,049
3/1985
ated opening between an inward position inside the side
wall and an outward position wherein it extends out

ward beyond the s1de wall. Cams located atthe central
416/101
15 and cam followers are provlded for cycllcally mov
416/116
ing each of the vanes to its inward and outward posi
. . . . .. 416/17
413/11);
.... ..
e- 4W" X
Strandgren ..................... .. 416/ 17 X

2750254 5/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/101
2800551 7/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/ 101
2826180 12/1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany ...... .. 416/17
tions as the frame rotates such that on one side of the
central axis, the vanes are moved to their outward posi
2335x2132;ihiealv?nilih?plilii113.5335: 13.523
axis, the vanes are moved to their inward positions out
of the wind as the vanes are rotated by the frame to the
opposite side.
[11]
[45]
Hsech-Pen
Patent Number:
Date of Patent:
4,649,284
Mar. 10, 1987
[54] WINDMILL
[76] Inventor: Leu Hsech-Pen, PO. Box 16-317,
Taipei, Taiwan
Assistant Examiner-Brian W. Brown
[21] Appl. No.: 699,445
transmission shaft rotatably mounted in the supporting

frame, a plurality of fan blades, each having two bend
ing edges longitudinally formed on the two vertical
edges of the blade, horizontally pivotedly mounted on
[22] Filed:
Feb. 7, 1985
[51]
[52]
int. cu .......................... .. F03D 9/00; FO2P 9/04

US. Cl. .............................. .. 290/55; 416/117
[58]
Field of Search ..................... .. 290/44, 55, 43, 54;
416/117, 197 A
[56]
[57]
ABSTRACT
A windmill includes a supporting frame, a vertical
the vertical transmission shaft, a sweeping cleaner

formed on the lower portion of the transmission shaft to
remove the snow or dirts on a power generator, a
References Cited
power generator formed on the lower end of the trans
mission shaft, and a high-speed braking clutch automati

cally braking the rotation of the transmission shaft
under stronger wind pressure for safely protecting the
power generator.
1,111,350
9/1914
Bayley ............................... .. 416/117
4,112,311
9/1978
Theyse . . . . .
4,245,958
1/1981
Ewers ........................... .. 416/197 A
Primary ExaminerL. T. Hix
. . . .. 290/55 X
[11] Patent Number:
Coombes
[45]
[54] WIND POWERED ELECTRIC GENERATOR

[75]
[73]
Invcnm
Assigneez
Dwald E- Cmmbes, Baker OregLloyd A. smith, Baker 0mg ; a part
interest
Date of Patent:
4,764,683
Aug. 16, 1988

2300235 10/1976 France .................. ..
157071
9/1982 Japan .................... ..
416/197 A
416/197 A
Primary Examiner-William M. Shoop, Jr.

Assistant ExaminerSharon D. Logan
[21] Appl' NO: 80,920

[22] Filed:
Aug. 3, 1987
Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Laubscher & Laubscher

[57]
ABSTRACT
[51]
[52]
Int. cu ......................... .. F03D 7/00; F03D 9/00

US. Cl. ............................... .. 290/55; 416/197 A;
An improved wind powered generator includes a

streamlined housing rotatably connected with a ?xed
416/DIG. 4; 415/2 A; 415/60; 290/44

[58] Field of Search ..................... .. 290/54, 43, 55, 44,
base and a pair of helical rotors rotatably connected

With the housing for driving a pair of electric generators
when the rotors are rotated by the wind. The housing
includes forward and rear nacelles which de?ne vertical
290/; 416/ 197 A, DIG. 4; 415/2 R, 3 R, 2 A,

60, 213 R
.
[56]
side openings in the housing in which the rotors are
References Clted
arranged, with the helical vanes thereof partially pro
U_s_ PATENT DOCUMENTS
truding from the housing. The nacelles serve to direct

the wind stream against the rotor vanes with minimal
disturbance, whereby the helical rotors capture the
1132;? """"""""""""""" "

4265086 V1981 Baht
4,288,200 9/1981
4,293,274 10/1981
4,369,629
"""""""""" "
OHare .............................. .. 415/2 R

Gilman .
I/ 1983 Lockwood ................. .. 4l6/DIG. 4
WIND
maximum amount of kinetic energy from the wind for

nvers1on to elecmmy
10 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets
Umted States Patent [191
[11] Patent Number:
Benesh I
[45]
[54] WIND TURBINE SYSTEM USING TWIN
May 16, 1989
SAVONIUS'TYPE ROTORS
.
Date of Patent:
4,830,570
'
gilgre?lxgishgggls' Adams Ave"
1123341
5/1981
Canada ......................... .. 416/197 A
37015
1/1927
Denmark .............. ..
416/197 A
[76]
Inventor
Fed. Rep. of Germany
416/122 A
[21]
L N _: 132 990
App
0
821930 10/1951 Fed.Rep.ofGermany

416/197A
416/197 A
[22]
Filed:

416/197 A
415/2 R
'
'
453231 12/1927
Dec. 15, 1987
[51]
Int. (14 ......................... .. F03D 3/02; F03D 3/04
[52]
US. Cl. ............................ .. 415/4.4; 4l6/DIG. 9;

416/121; 416/197 A
Field of Search ............................. .. 415/2 R4 R,
[58]
25023 3/1981 European Pat. Off. .......... .. 415/2 R
658943
727519
797106
1048392 12/1953
4l5/DIG.1A,416/DIG.9,121A,122A,1%Z
56
References Cited
US. PATENT DOCUMENTS

Zwetbel .
Ham .................................. .. 415/2 R
8/1390 Gatlin .
7/ 1889 Tinsley .
4l5/4R
2431041
3/1980 France ..
415/2 R
2468003
5/1981 France ..
416/ 197 A
2522074 8/1983 France ..
415/2 R
415/2 R
7/1985 JaPa
258955 10/1926
Sweden .
.
416/ 97 A
416/197 A
Umted Kmgdcm ---------- " 415/2 R
OTHER PUBLICATION
764,571 7/1904 Fisher .
1(6);
415/2 R
65940 12/1924
3/1883
9/1889
607,608
France ..
2286955 4/1976 France ..
145464
274,541
410 360
434,103
416/122 A
416/197 A
.. 416/197 A
416/197 A
138466 10/1981 Japan
59,828 11/1866 Fay ........................... .. 416/170 A x
6/1929 France ..
6/1932 France ..
4/1936 France --
Chang, Howard H. and McCracken, Horace, Bucket
gerry
Rotor Wind-Driven Generator, from Wind Energy
tamm
1,166,765 6/1930 Savonius ....................... .. 416/197 A

1,300,499 5/1919 slagel .
1,413,411 4/ 1922 Lloyd et a1. .................. .. 415/2 R X
Convemo syslems p127

(List continued on next page.)
1,455,950 5/1923 willman
Attorney, Agent, or FirmMerchant, Gould, Smith,
1,534,799 4/1925 Maine '
E0611, Welter & Schmidt
1,596,373
8/1926 Preston .
1,790,175
1/1931 Spencer ............................ .. 415/2 R
2O07963 7/1935 Cleveland

3,895,882
7/1975
Moyer
. ... .. .. .
4,005,947 2/1977 Norton et a1
" 416/197 A
. . . . . . . ..
415/2 R
ABSTRACT
.
416/DIG_ 9 X
vertical axis Savomus-type rotors (20,120) mounted on
416/122 A x
a Support structure (210) and a de?ect Plate (201
4,037,983
7/1977 Poeta ........ ..
4,039,849
8/1977 Mater et a1
......... .. 290/55
4,111,594
9/1978 Sforza .... ..
. 415/2 A X
4,115,028 9/ 1978 Hintze
[57]
The present invention relates to a combination of two
The de?ector Plate Serves an an augmentation appara- '
tus which considerably increases the power output of
....... .. 415/2 R
both Savonius-type-rotors and also improves their self
4156,580 5/1979 Pom
116/122 A X
starting ability and smoothness of operation. The sup
4204795
5/1980 Forrest
"" " 415/2 R
4,278,896
7/ 1981
McFarland .
4,288,200 9/198l UHare

4,315,713 2/19g2 Vex-planke
. 290/55
port structure is mounted for rotation about a central

.
4150 R
415/2R
vertical shaft (242) so that the rotor-de?ector combina

tion can be properly positioned. The invention also
4,359,311 11/ 1982 Benesh .......... ..
416/ 197 A
provides a partition plate (236) positioned between the
4,362,470 12/1982 LO Castro et al-
416/197 A
rotors to give rigidity to the de?ector plate.
4,428,711
l/1984
Archer .......... ..
4,449,887
5/ 1984 Mundhenke
4,474,529 10/1984 Kinsey

4,652,206
3/1987
Yeoman ..
415/2A
.. 415/4
415/2 R
.... .. 415/4
4,715,776 12/ 1987 Benesh .............................. .. 415/2 R
[11]
[45]
Wight
[57]
[54] WIND-DRIVEN POWER GENERATOR
[76] Inventor:
C. Calvin Wight, 1496 Lakewood

Ave., Lakewood, Ohio 44107
[21] Appl. No.2 304,960

[22] Filed:
[51]
4,963,761
Oct. 16, 1990
ABSTRACT
A wind-driven power generator comprises a substan
tially horizontal roof including upper and lower roof

members each having a peripheral edge and a con
toured pressure reducing surface. The roof members are
disposed in a spaced-apart relationship with the pres
Feb. 1,1989
Int. Cl.5 .............................................. .. F03D 5/00
[52]
U.S. Cl. ...................................... .. 290/55; 415/42
[58]
Field of Search ................... .. 290/44, 55; 415/21,
415/4.l, 4.2, 4.4; 98/34, 42.05, 70, 78

[56]
Patent Number:
Date of Patent:
' References Cited
sure reducing surfaces facing each other and de?ning an

air space therebetween. The distance between the pres
sure reducing surfaces varies from a maximum spacing
at the peripheral edges of the roof members to a mini
mum spacing at an intermediate location of the roof
members. The power generator further includes a verti
cal suction pipe having an upper end connected to the
lower roof member in flow communication with the air
4,164,382 8/1979 Mysels
290/55 X
space at the intermediate location of the lower roof

member. The lower end of the suction pipe extends
downwardly from the lower roof member. An impeller
is disposed in the suction pipe at the lower end thereof
and rotates when air ?ows horizontally through the air
space. In accordance with Bernoulli effect, the increase
in speed of the horizontal air ?ow at the intermediate
4,275,309
290/55 X
location creates a pressure reduction in the air space at
290/55 X
the upper end of the suction pipe and draws air up
3,302,552
2/1967
3,345,931
10/1967
Walsh .................................... .. 98/70

Walsh
. . . . . . . ..
4,018,543 4/1977 Carson et a1.

4,047,834 9/1977 Magoveny et al.
4,070,131
4,079,264
1/ 1978
4/ 1978
6/1981
Yen .................. ..
Cohen
Lucier ...... ..
4,379,972 4/ 1983 Sosa et a1

4,508,973
4/ 1985
. . . . . . . . ..
98/78
290/55 X
290/55 X
290/55 X
...... .. 290/55
Payne .................................. .. 290/55
Primary Examiner-A. D. Pellinen

Assistant Examiner-W. E. Duncanson, Jr.
through the suction pipe to rotate the impeller. The

impeller preferably is connected to an electrical genera
tor that generates electricity when the impeller rotates.
Attorney, Agent, or FirmFay, Sharpe, Beall, Fagan,

Minnich & McKee
US. Patent
Oct. 16,1990
Sheet 1 of3
4,963,761
US. Patent
Oct.16,1990
Sheet 3 d3
H64
4,963,761
[11]
[45]
Kato
[54] VERTICAL AXIS WIND POWERED
GENERATOR
[76] Inventor: Shuichi Kato, 8740 W. Leutz Rd.,
Oak Harbor, Ohio 43449
[21] Appl. No.: 581,016

Filed:
Sep. 12, 1990
Patent Number:
Date of Patent:
[57]
5,038,049
Aug. 6, 1991
ABSTRACT
An apparatus for generating electric power from wind

includes a base, a pair of upstanding, generally parallel,
spaced apart walls rotatably mounted on the base and
de?ning an inlet end and an outlet end for wind, an
electric power generator mounted on the base and hav
ing an input shaft, and a vertical axis cylindrical rotor
having a plurality of wind driven vanes and mounted on
[51]
[52]
Int. Cl.5 .............................................. .. F03D 3/04

US. Cl. ............................ .. 290/55; 290/54;
the base between the walls, and having an output shaft

coupled to rotate the input shafts. A curved inner mod
415/21; 415/44; 416/9; 416/197 A
ulator is rotatably mounted on the base inside said rotor
[58]
Field of Search ................... .. 290/54, 55; 415/2.1,
and is selectively movable for controlling wind flow

through the rotor. An inlet modulator is rotatably
mounted on the base at the inlet end and is selectively
movable for controlling wind flow to the rotor. A ?rst
generally planar director is pivotally mounted on an
415/44; 416/9, 197 A
[56]
References Cited
4,012,163
4,350,900
3/1977
9/1982
Baumgartner et al. ............ .. 415/21

Baughman .......................... .. 290/55
4,571,152
2/1986
Tatar
4,764,683
8/1988
Coombes ............................. .. 290/55
.............
. . . . ..
416/197 A
Primary ExaminerA. D. Pellinen

Assistant ExaminerRobert L. Hoover
Attorney, Agent, or FirmMarsha1l 8L Melhorn
outer surface of one of the walls and a second generally
planar director is pivotally mounted on an inner surface

of the other one of the walls and both directors are
responsive to the wind for positioning the inlet end

toward the wind.
United States Patent 1191
[11] Patent Number:
Rademacher
[45]
[54]
1,494,528
4,383,797
FLUID POWERED ELECTRIC GENERATOR

HAVING HINGED VANE ROTOR
[76] Inventor:
T. Peter Rademacher, 5385 River
102791
40240
Aippl' No" L350
[22] Flled:
Oct' 13 1989
9/1898 Fed. Rep. of Germany .... .. 416/119

3/1980
Japan .................................. .. 4l5/3.1
Primary ExaminerJohn T. Kwon
Int. Cl.5 ............................................. .. B63H 1/34
[52]
us. 01. ....................................... .. 415/7; 415/31;
[56]
5/1924 Clanton et al. ....................... .. 415/7

5/1983 Lee ........................................ .. 415/7
1452483 10/1976 United Kingdom ......... .. 416/197 A
[51]
[58]
Sep. 24, 1991
Styx Rd Medma Ohm 44256
[21]
Date of Patent:
5,051,059
[57]
ABSTRACT
416/ 85; 416/ 140
A hinged vane rotor generating power from rivers,
Field of Search ................. .. 415/3.l, 4.3, 4.5, 2.1,

415/906, 905, 903, 7; 416/35, 36, 140, 197 A
References Cited
Streams, tides or wind. A cylindrical drum is supported

sideways in a current by axles at the ends connected to
pulleys which are in turn, connected to a generator(s),
mill wheel, pump or other working device. The rotor is
turned by a series of hinged vanes, each one opening to
us PATENT DOCUMENTS
100,761
3/1870 Heitmann .............................. .. 415/7
catch the current on one side of the drum and closing to
115'660
113,284
51/1871
6A8.
. '. .' "

.. 4l6/l19
415/ 141
avoid
directing
the component
current on the
is incorporated
other side ofto
the
increase
drum_ current
A
....... .. 415/7
........... .. 416/119
.
.d
f h d
d
d
.
. t h
agamst_one 5' e 0 t 6 mm an re Ce agams t 3
302,769 7/1884
774,592 11/1904
Tuder
Folsom' ' ~. '. '. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
Pallausch
Mathews
1,037,269 9/1912 Johnston

Henry
.....
416/119
1,109,839
9/l914
. . . . . . . . . . . ..
1,265,114
5/1918 Riddle ........................... .. 416/197 A
other slde
415/7
US005098264A

Lew
UQ..
m
m
P
A
Y
I
.L
.n
N
m
A
pC
o.
W7mm1%
s.mDkw
P0W5
n
.11.yoan
rVa
a,
m
mun.5, "Ms
n
m
Wwho.mm
KC5
u. .
Primary Examiner-Richard A. Bertsch
May 23 1990
Assistant Examiner-David L. Cavanaugh
[57]

Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 375,466, Jul. 5, 1989,
Pat. No. 5,051,078.
F031) 7m6; F04C 2/00
[51] Int. Cl.5
ABSTRACT
An apparatus harnessing energy belonging to ?uid

stream comprises a plurality of elongated ?uid dynamic
force receiving members with cambered cross sections
disposed parallel to and about a shaft and supported by
418/23; 418/268;
416/87; 260 263.
at least one hub member affixed to the shaft wherein the
8*}, 119'
73/189, 861.85, 861.86, 861.87; 416/17,
secured to the hub member in a pivotable arrangement
416/119

[56]
Mar. 24, 1992
4 ,67 918645,3M1786725 VWN 1 9 8 5678 Gwuamwo
mSm
1., E
A
[22] F?ed'
[63]
5,098,264
Date of Patent:
[45]
:
Yt m
[.l.257
[11] Patent Number:
418/23, 268
References Cited
U,S, PATENT DOCUMENTS
about a pivot axis disposed near one extremity thereof in

a parallel relationship to the shaft, and at least one circu
lar cam guide disposed on a plane perpendicular to the
?
.1 n
r.
a0mn fm11mmw? sd
g
u
e
g
e
I
r
.
e
aa
D
u
b
ea
h
i
a
v
c
t
a
m
S
m
d
mww
ww.
s
ff.
8
h
00
l
ewel 1Cr a3.16 .medidmt.wbs,onytg2ammDPPCf h m8. 8cd
4 .2,3M468153190, 48021765 951/ 1 9 78 134 SBPW 3am "8 4 1 way/Ow wm

cmv.ui mnia.@mmmmm Mdm.m
.r31
individual fluid dynamlc force recelving member 15
Yr.
s
6O
62
a;
i
/
.
m
e
llllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
US005206537A
[11] Patent Number:
Alejandro et a1.
[45]
[54] EPCON ENERGY FIELD SYSTEM AN

ENERGY PRODUCING CONGLOMERATE
(EPCAN) SYSTEM USING WIND ENERGY,
SOLAR PANELS, AND STEAM TURBINES
[75] Inventors: Jose L. A. Alejandro; Serge J. Grant,

both of Galveston, Tex.
[73] Assignee:
ECM International Inc., Tacoma,

Wash.
[51]
Int.
U.S. Cl. ................................... .. 290/1 R; 290/44;
..... ..... ... ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
F03D
>
11/00
290/55
Field of Search ..................... .. 290/56, 52, 44, 55;
126/437, 438
[56]
References Cited
3,892,433
7/1975
4,079,591
3/1978 Derby et a1.
Blake ................................... .. 290/52
4,080,221
3/1978
Manclas
. . . . . . . .. .
4,159,427 6/1979 Wicdcmann
126/438
. . . ..
126/438
126/438
7/1980 Lane
4,551,631 11/1985 Trigilio
Primary Examiner-A. D. Pellinen

Assistant Examiner-Robert Lloyd Hoover
[57]
the kinetic energy of the wind and the thermal energy

of the sun. A novel single shaft con?guration that sup
ports multiple induction generators which are driven by

rotors of four windtraps and/or by steam turbines
which receive steam pressure from solar panels. The
steam is generated by solar lens panels. Solar parabolic
The energy producing ?eld consists of up to a thousand

of these windtrap units supported by a common water
resource. A system controller supports the system by
monitoring wind speeds, sun intensity, and load require

ments and activates or deactivates system elements. An
interconnect to a utility line and/or energy storage
facility is part of the system. The units are mostly pre

fabricated with ?nal installation on site without the
need of any heavy equipment making it possible for
4,213,303
glornerate (EPCON) system using wind energy, solar

panels, and steam turbines producing electricity from
collector dish or a natural gas steam boiler are also
[52]
[58]
Apr. 27, 1993
contemplated in the EPCON system.
[21] Appl. No.: 587,051

[22] Filed:
Sep.24, 1990
Cl.5
Date of Patent:
5,206,537
buyers to install the EPCON system on their own. The
windtrap unit along with the solar panels are shipped to

the site via a specialized transporter that assists in the
installation process. The system is further uniquely de

signed to be lowered to a relatively safe harbor in the
event of excessive wind conditions. System mainte
nance is also simpli?ed with this feature.
ABSTRACT
The speci?cation discloses an Energy Producing Con
lllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
US005332354A
[11] Patent Number:
Lamont
[45]
[54] WIND TURBINE APPARATUS
[76] Inventor:
John S. Lamont, 3000-360 Main St.,

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3C
[21] Appl. No.: 91,432
Int. Cl.5 .............................................. .. F03D 3/04
[52]
US. Cl. .................................... .. 415/4.2; 4l5/2.1;
[58]
Field of Search ................. .. 415/2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4,
415/907
415/905, 907
References Cited
171,962
1,903,307
0380018
9/1923 Fed. Rep. of Germany ..... .. 4l5/4.2
Primary Examiner-Edward K. Look

Assistant Examiner--Mark Sgantzos
Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Burns, Doane, Swecker &
Mathis
[57]
Jul. 15, 1993
[51]
[56]
l/1876 Stephens et a1. ................... .. 415/4.l

4/1933 Gillio .
2,667,589
l/1954
Levrero .............................. .. 290/55
3,944,840
3/1976
Troll
4,031,405
4,047,834
6/1977
9/1977
Asperger ........... ..
Magoveny et a1. .
4,084,918
4/1978
Pavlecka ........... ..
4,162,410
7/1979
Amick
...........
. . . . ..
.........
290/55
290/55
.. 415/3
415/2.l
. . . . ..
290/55
4,179,007 12/1979
Howe ........ ..
4,191,505
3/1980
Kaufman
4,278,896
7/1981
McFarland
4,288,704
4,350,900
4,398,096
9/1981
9/1982
8/1983
Bosard ............................ .. 290/55

Baughman .... ..
415/907
Faurholtz
.... .. 290/55
.........
.....
4,490,623 12/1984 Goedecke
180/65 DD
. . . . . . . ..
. . . . ..
415/2.l
290/55
415/907
4,508,973
5,038,049
4/1985
8/1991
Payne ........ _.
Kato ...... ..
5,083,899
l/l992
Koch .................................. .. 415/2,l
290/55
290/55
ABSTRACT
A wind driven turbine installation has a rotatable enclo

sure with closable inlet and outlet openings. The rotat
able enclosure includes a driving arrangement and a
wind direction sensor arrangement that monitors the
incident wind direction and aligns the enclosure such
that the inlet opening is aligned with the prevailing

wind direction. The inlet opening includes an accelera
tion passage which increases wind velocity and directs
the wind to a wind driven turbine device disposed
within the installation. The turbine device includes a
converging inlet passage, a secondary inlet passage, and
an exhaust passage. A turbine rotor is disposed within
the turbine device such that wind entering the primary

inlet drives the rotor in part by following rotor vanes,
and in part by passing across the rotor vanes. Wind
entering the secondary passage is redirected toward the
primary inlet and drives the rotor in the forward direc
tion. Wind from the secondary passage is con?uent with
wind from the primary inlet that passes through the
rotor. The confluent air ?ow exhausts through the rotor
at the exhaust opening where that portion of the pri
mary air which follows the rotor is also exhausted. The
wind turbine device may be mounted for rotation about
a vertical axis within the secondary housing so as to
adjust itself to the direction of the prevailing wind.
36
......-.mm
Jul. 26, 1994
461
[22] Filed:
Date of Patent:
5,332,354
11"
llillllip ;|"
will
till I
Will!)
US 005 6644 1 8A

Walters
[54] WHIRL-WIND VERTICAL AXIS WIND AND
WATER TURBINE
[11]
[45]
Patent Number:
Date of Patent:
[56]
5,664,418
Sep. 9, 1997
References Cited
[76] Inventor: Victor Walters, PO. Box 250, Sechelt,

British Columbia, Canada, VON 2A0
204,481
[21] Appl. No.: 625,103

Apr. 1, 1996
[22] Filed:
6/1878 Cleland .................................. .. 415/4.l
3,994,621
4,031,405
11/1976 Bogie ......... ..

6/1977 Asperger ........ ..
4,560,884
12/1985
Whittecar
. .. .. . ...
4l6/197A
415/4.4
. . . ..
290/42
5,183,386
2/1993 Feldman et a1. ..
415/42
5,503,530
4/1996 Walters ............................. .. 416/197A
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUNIENTS

[63]
Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 156,701, Nov. 24, 1993,

Pat No. 5,503,530.
[51]
Int. Cl.6 ............................ F03B 13/18; F03B 13/24;
F03B 13/26; F03D 3/04

.
[52]
US. Cl. ............................... .. 60/398; 60/500; 60/506;
290/53; 290/55; 415/3.1; 415/4.2; 415/7;

415/8; 415/122.1; 415/123; 415/907; 416/85;
416/169 R; 416/170 R; 416/197 A; 416/DIG. 4;
417/332
[5 3]
Field of Search ............................. .. 41512.1, 3.1, 4.1,
415/42, 4.4, 7, 8, 906, 907, 122.1, 123,

124.1; 416/85, 86, 169 R, 170 R, 197 A,
DIG. 4; 417/332; 60/398, 500, 506; 440/9;
290/42, 44, 53, 55
0167694
3631709
3/1988
l/1986
European Pat. O?. .............. .. 415/42

Germany .......... ..
415/42
7712530
11/1977
Netherlands .......................... .. 415/21
Primary Examiner-Christopher Verdier

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-David J. French
[57]
ABSTRACT
A vertical axis wind turbine is supported by a frame held in
place by an encircling series of crescent-shaped tubular

de?ector vanes. The vanes widen towards the turbine core,
concentrating the Wind. The wind is trapped momentarily on

entering the turbine cavities. Air can be supplied to such
cavities from a compressed air source driven by wave action
on a body of water.
US005852331A
Ulllted States Patent [19]
[11] Patent Number:
Giorgini
[45]
[54]
[76]
Dec. 22, 1998
WIND TURBINE BOOSTER
4,508,973
Inventor:
4,551,631 11/1985 Trigilio

4,764,683 8/1988 COOIIlbeS
290/55
290/55
5,038,049
290/55
Roberto Giorgini, PO. Box 2051, St.

Maarten, Netherlands Antilles
[21]
Date of Patent:
5,852,331
APPI- NO-I 667,405
[22] Filed:
Jun. 21, 1996
4/1985 Payne ...................................... .. 290/55
8/1991 Kato .......... ..
5,391,926
5,457,346
2/1995 Staley et a1. ............................ .. 290/55

10/1995 Blumberg et a1. ...................... .. 290/55
5,664,418
9/1997 Walters ................................... .. 60/398
Primary ExaminerClayton E. Laballe
[51]
Int. Cl.
...................................................... .. F031) 3/04
[52]
US. Cl. .............................. .. 290/55; 290/44; 415/42;
Assistant Examiner_NiCh01a5 Ponomarenko
Attorney, Agent, or FirmMichael I. Kroll
415/44
[58]
Field Of Search ................................ .. 290/43, 44, 54,
290/55; 415/4~2> 44> 907; 416/197 A

_
References Clted
[56]
[57]
ABSTRACT
Abooster (34) for a Wind turbine (12) of the type containing

an impeller (14) having a plurality of radial curved vanes
(16) mounted on a shaft (18) connected to an electric
generator~(20). The booster (34) comprises a structure (36)
mounted in a stationary manner about the impeller (14) for
1,595,578
8/1926 Soverelgh -
3,938,90;
2/1976 Magoveny et al. ................... .. 415/1451;
the Shaft
2835329
$1977
generator (20), to put out more electrical energy therefrom.
/1977
increasing rotation speed of the radial curved vanes (16) on
Asperger ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' " 290/
Mater et a1. ..
4,086,498
4/1978
SZoeke
.. ... ... ... ..
4,318,019
3/1982 Teasley et al.
290/55
. . . . ..
290/55
310/156
36 I4
38
and Operate more ef?cien?y the electric
I8 6 34'6
4O
,4L/?\lx\\\\
114x
4
44
,4
PM
\
42
_\
E lilill
lull]: :r' l.
: I'll ',| HI
58 /\-
46
/>
'l
| H [:5 l
:
|l_1_ _ _
/ \\ \\i;/ /
US006016014A
[11] Patent Number:
Grigorescu et al.
[45]
[54]
[76]
Date of Patent:
6,016,014
Jan. 18, 2000
VERTICAL AXIS WIND ENERGY
4,350,898
CONVERSION DEVICE HAVING PANELS
4,419,587
GUIDED BY CARDIOID RAILS
4,575,639 3/1986 RogoW et al.

290/55
4,792,700 12/1988 Ammons
290/55
5332 925
7/1994
Thomas ................................... .. 290/44

.
Inventors.. Virgil
Grlgorescu,
Anca Grlgorescu,
both of 555 The West Mall #207,
9/1982 Benoit ..................................... .. 290/55

12/1983 Benton ...... ..
290/44
5,463,257 10/1995 Yea ......................................... .. 290/55
Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada, M9C 1G8

[21]
Primary ExaminerSteven L. Stephan

Assistant ExaminerElvin G. Enad
APPL NO; 08/699,444
[22] Filed:
Aug. 19, 1996
[57]
F031) 9/ ()0
ABSTRACT
[ 51 l
Int, C],7 __
[52]
US. Cl. ............................ .. 290/55; 290/44
energy into electrical energy using the cardioid principle
[58]
Field of Search
290/44 55. 415/4 1
The system includes a mobile surface reacting to Wind
415h64 235
poWer and constrained to move by rail guide supports
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii "
[56]
A Wind energy conversion 5 y stem Which converts Wind
having a shape of a cardioid. The system is coupled to an
References Cited
electric generator via belts to the shaft to transmit and

convert the cardioid movement of the mobile surface mov
U-S~ PATENT DOCUMENTS

4,156,580
5/1979
ing on the rail support unto useful electrical energy.
P6111 .......................................... .. 415/2
4,303,835 12/1981 Bair ......................................... .. 290/55
K\
T/\/ 2
"
US006158953A
[11] Patent Number:
Lamont
[45]
[54]
WIND TURBINE WITH VARIABLE

POSITION BLADES
[76]
Inventor:
John S Lamont, 30th Floor, 360 Main
Date of Patent:
6,158,953
Dec. 12, 2000
5,083,899
5,211,539
1/1992 Koch ...................................... .. 415/2.1

5/1993 McCarty .
416/61
5,332,354
7/1994
Lamont ..... ..
415/4.2
5,967,749 10/1999 Eaves et al. .............................. .. 416/3
Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,
R3C 4G1
[21]
AppL NO: 09/205,604
[22]
Filed:
Dec. 4, 1998
Int. Cl. ...................................................... .. F03D 7/00

US. Cl. .......................... .. 415/4.4; 415/4.2; 415/125;
[58]
Field Of Search ............................. .. 415/41, 42, 4.4,
United Kingdom ................. .. 415/905
Attorney) Agent) Or Firm_Bums, Deane, SWeCker &

Mathis L_L_p_
415/907; 416/17; 416/116; 416/119

415/125
130
144
208.1
907
2.1
ABSTRACT
.
turbine vanes in a circular path betWeen an inlet opening and
532 533 goslsil?jqg 34311928 111065; 111191
53.1
A Wind turbine has an internal rotor carrying a plurality of
'
[57]
3Z944Z84O
470317405
Japan .................................... .. 415/2.1
Assistant ExaminerJames M McAleenan
[51]
[52]
1 903 307
2667589
7/1977
8/1994
Primary ExaminerF. Daniel Lopez
[56]
1251
2275085
an exhaust opening. The inlet opening includes a stationary
References Cited
dividing vane that delivers one portion of the inlet air?oW to
a primary ?oWpath traversing the turbine vanes at two

locations. The stationary dividing vane also delivers a sec
4/1933
1/1954
3/1976
6/1977
G?ho
Levrer) '
ond portion of the inlet air?oW to a second ?oyvpath Which

drives the turbine vanes as those vanes 'move in the part of
Troll _
Asperger _
the circular path from the exhaust opening toWard the inlet
opening. The turbin'e'vanes may be mounted so as to have
4,047,834 9 /1977 Magoveny et a1_ _

4,162,410 7/1979 Amick,
4,179,007 12/1979 Howe.
4,278,896 7/1981 McFarland 472887704 9/1981 Bosard -
variable angular positions in different portions of the circular

path. Turbine vane position can be controlled either mag
netically or mechanically. Where vane position is varied

magnetically, a plurality of permanent magnets With suitable
4,291,235
9/1981 Bergey, Jr. et a1. .................... .. 290/55
controls adjust the turbine vane position. Where vane posi

tion is Varied mechanically, a pair of Cam arrangements may
4,350,900
9/1982 Baughman ............................ .. 415/907
be employed'
4,398,096
8/1983 FaurholtZ.
4,508,973
4/1985 Payne .
5,038,049
8/1991 Kato .
US006191496B1
(12)
(54)
(76)
United States Patent
(10) Patent N0.:
Elder
(45) Date 0f Patent:
WIND TURBINE SYSTEM
Inventor:
Notice:
Feb. 20, 2001
3,902,072
8/1975 Quinn ................................... .. 290/44
3,942,909
3/1976 Vengst ............................ .. 416/132 B
Dillyn M. Elder, 1513 E. Lake St., Fort
3,977,409
8/1976 Luchuk -
Collins CO (Us) 80524
3,994,621
11/1976 Bogle ..... ..
(*)
US 6,191,496 B1
4,031,405
Under 35 U.S.C. 154(b), the term of this

patent shall be extended for 0 days.
6/1977
416/145
.. 415/186
Asperger .............................. .. 290/55
(List Continued on next page)

(21)
Appl. N0.: 09/452,734
867380
Flledl
Dec. 1,
_
Related US. Appl1cat10n Data

(60)
Provisional application No. 60/110,519, ?led on Dec. 1,
2/1953 (DE) .
167694
1/1986
0216384
4/1987
515652
4/1921
(FR) .
727519
3/1931 (FR) _
61140
1998
2231805
(EP) .................................... .. 415/42
3/1955 (FR) ................................... .. 416/236

11/1990 (GB) .
(51)
Int. c1.7 ...................................................... .. F03D 3/04
(52)
US. Cl. ............................................... .. 290/55; 290/44
Primary ExaminerNicholas Ponomarenko
(58)
Field of Search ................................ .. 290/43, 44, 54,

290/55
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmSantange10 Law Offices,

PC
(56)
References Cited
5/1980 (JP) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " HG/197A
(57)
U S PATENT DOCUMENTS
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a Wind turbine used to
' '
143,100
175,530
201,400
69701
convert Wind energy into
9/1873 Sheplar et a1. .

3/1876 Vernor 3/1878 Evefhaft -
mechanical energy, more
speci?cally, a long axis type of vertical-axis turbine allowing

large columns of air to be harnessed. These devices differ
from horizontal-axis (propeller) type Windmills Which typi
485933
535193
3/
gownsend '
416 197 A
1892 Hititrilegn """""""""""""" "
/
3/1895 ChapmaI'l
cally rotate about a vertical axis in order that they may face
directly into a Wind. The present invention is designed to be
employed as a cost effective alternate poWer source in any
537,494
4/1895 Stevens et' a1. .................... .. 415/907
Wthd condition from a breeze to a gale Wthd~ To increase the
588372
8/1897 Hardaway _
structural integrity, the torque generating elements, namely,
600,893
640,901
993,120
1a523a295
3/1898
1/1900
5/1911
1/1925
the rotor blades, are not directly attached to the shaft but
rather, they attach to the round top and bottom rotor cage
plates through Which torque forces generated can be trans
fered to the shaft. The unique design of an open cover on the
1,582,162
5/1926 N1C1Cl1O1SOI1 ...................... .. 416/436 R
1?; sggo
1835018
1,935,097
2,067,542
Schmucker,
Hardaway .
Sterner Ryan -
girrlrizr '
top of the Wind turbine allows Wind from the direction above
416/236 R
the Wind turbine to be harnessed. The top shield structure has
12/1931 Danieus' """""""""""""" "

11/1933 Nelson ............................... .. 170/15
1/1937 Penton
.... .. 170/12
created a calm Wind area betWeen the shield and the top of
the rotor Cage that helps reduce turbidity and greatly tacth'
Wes Wind @Xhaust from the System
2,406,268
8/1946
3,339,078
8/1967 Crompton ............................ .. 290/44
Terhune
.....
. . . . ..
170/26
10A
7
1o
3
6
2 \\
\\
5 ~\
8 '/
US006352473B1
(12)
(54)
(76)
(10) Patent N0.:
Clark
(45) Date of Patent:
WINDJET TURBINE
Inventor:
Mar. 5, 2002
4,759,272 A
7/1988 Zaniewski
5,326,313 A
7/1994 Miniat ....................... .. 454/18
Thomas L. Clark, 2809 Rio Branco,
5,332,354 A
7/1994 Lamont
Suite 1024) Dallas TX (Us) 75234
5,336,050 A
8/1994 Guida et a1.
5,447,412 A
9/1995
( * ) Notice:
US 6,352,473 B1
Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
5664418 A
U'S'C 154(k)) byo days
416/186 R
Lamont
2 *
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
~~~~~~ ~~ 415/42
...... .. 415/42
Yalters """""""" " 4116:3551];

9/1997
"""""""""""" " 60/398
a ers ..................... ..

(21)
APP1- N91 09/523,258

-
(22)
Med
Mar 10 2000
(51)
Int. c1.7 ............................................... .. F23L 17/10
(52)
US. Cl. .......................................... .. 454/19; 454/18
(58)
Field of Search .................................... .. 454/18, 19
(56)
GB
21885 A
* of 1896
GB
26938 A
12/1906
4515549 A
5/1970
JP
References Cited
.... ..
454/18
................ .. 454/18
4 Cited by examiner
_
Primary Examine/A9914 Joyce
(74) Artorney, A gen,r
0r
(57)
ABSTRACT
FzrmD enn1s T. G nggs
A roof-mounted Wind turbine includes turbine vanes that are
linear-shaped and do not have the conventional convex
1,857,762 A
1,977,934 A
* 10/1934
2,013,244 A
9/1935 LaVergne ..
mon With one another or With a common turbine component,
2,469,096 A
5/1949
Wilson .... ..
so that each vane does not require individual handling nor
3,460,855 A
8/1969
Belden ................... .. 454/18 X
3,797,374 A
3,893,383 A
3,952,638 A
5/1932 Meadows ..
................ .. 454/18
Bolton
.... ..
3/1974 Jones
7/1975 Jones
4/1976 Felter et 81.
4,086,028 A
4/1978 Felter ................... .. 416/227A
4,303,375 A
4,379,972 A
12/1981 Foglesong et a1. ........ .. 416/167

4/1983 Sosa et a1. .................. .. 290/44
4,641,571 A
4,648,312 A
2/1987 Anderson et 81.

3/1987 Schad
curvature. Additionally, the turbine vanes are made in com
individual attachment to the turbine assembly as is required

in the construction of conventional Wind turbines that are
commercially available today. This is accomplished by

producing the vanes by molding or extruding techniques that
are commonly used in making plastic assemblies or com
ponents.
10
US006409467B1
(12> Ulllted States Patent
(10) Patent N0.:
Gutterman
(54)
(76)
WIND-GENERATED POWER SYSTEM
Inventor:
4,739,179 A
4/1988 Stites
5,038,049 A
8/1991 K310
Howard Gutterman, PO. Box 230881
5,134,305 A
Ansonia Station New York NY (Us)
5,272,378 A
10023
5,386,146 A
Notice:
Sub'ect
to an y disclaimer, the term of this
J
U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
7/1992 Senehi
*
(51)
U-S-
(56)
Cl-
. ... ... .. ... ... .
ABSTRACT
AWind-generated poWer system for producing supplemental

~ ~ ~ F031) 1/00_ H021) 9/04
(58)
* cited by examiner
(57)
Mar. 9, 2001
Int- Cl? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
1/1995 Hickey
3/1998 Shuler .................. .. 290/1 R X
Primary ExaminerJohn E. RyZnic
(21) Appl. No.: 09/802,574

(22) Filed:
Jun. 25, 2002
12/1993 Wither ..................... .. 290/1 R
5,734,202 A
US 6,409,467 B1
. . . . . . . . . . ..
electrical poWer from Wind-producing resource. The Wind
generated poWer system includes a subWay system tunnel

R
having a Wall and Support Structure
being gener_
Field Of Search ......................... .. 290/1 R; 415/4.1,
ated by Subway trains passing or traveling at high rates of
415/4~2> 43> 44> 45
speed therethrough; and also includes Wind-collecting ducts

being spaced throughout the subWay system tunnel and
References Clted
27616506 A * 11/1952 Mathias ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 415/45 X
3,720,840 A * 3/1973 Gregg """""""""" " 415/4'3 X
3,876,925 A
4/1975
3,883,750 A
5/1975 UZZell, Jr. ............. .. 415/45 X
4,012,163 A
4,516,907 A
being attached to the Wall and support structure; and further

includes shrouds being mounted to the Wall and support
structure and being connected to the Wind-collecting ducts;
and also includes turbine generators being mounted in the
shrouds and being adapted to transform Wind to electrical
Stoeckert ............... .. 415/4.4 X
power
3/1977 Baumgartner et 211.

*
5/1985 Edwards ................... .. 415/4.5
US006417578B1
(12) United States Patent
(10) Patent N0.2
Chapman et al.
(54)
4,264,278 A
4/1981 Weingart ................... .. 290/43
SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODOLOGY
4,285,481 A
8/1981 Biscomb .................... .. 290/43
4,415,306
Asslgnee' Pnme Energy Corporatlom Mmden
Notlcel
11/1983
subtect to any d1sc1a1mer> the term Ofthls
Cobden
.......
. . . ..
ghffilok 9t a1~
415/2A
----- -
4,452,562
,
,
A
6/1984
Hsu
u c ..........................
er ..... ..
.. 290/43
4,452,568 A
6/1984
Andersson
4,490,093 A
NV(US)
_
Jon A Peterka Ft Colhns

~
CO (Us)
.
Jul. 9, 2002
POWER-TRANSDUCER/CONVERSION
(75) Inventors: Jamie C. Chapman, Boston, MA (US);

(73)
US 6,417,578 B1
................. ..
290/43
12/1984 Chertok et al. ..
290/43
4,494,007 A
1/1985 Gaston ......... ..
290/43
4,518,312 A
5/1985
290/43
4,525,633 A
6/1985 Wertheim et al. ........... .. 290/43
Jacobs et al.
..... ..
USC 154(k)) by 0 days_
(List continued on neXt page.)

(21) Appl. No.: 09/334,110

(22)
Filed:
Jun. 16, 1999

(63)
(60)
CA
2223902
11/1999
DE
3222007
12/1973
FR
745869
5/1933
FR
909378
5/1946
FR
FR
GB
9/1953
2/1979
2/1984
5/1986
Continuation of application No. 08/961,048, ?led on Oct.

30, 1997.
Provisional application No. 60/029,387, ?led on Oct. 30,
JP
1038090
2394689
2 123 487 A
59-126084
1996.
SU
1231-251 A
(51)
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 9/00
(52)
US. Cl. ........................... .. 290/44; 290/43; 290/54;
290/55
290/42 43 53
290/54> 44
(58) Field of Search
(56)
References Cited
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
,
GoldsWorthyVert1calaX1s Wind Turbine, Nevada Green

Energy Project/Green Power Initiative, Oct. 1999, 2 pp.
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmKolisch HartWell Dickinson
Mccormack & Hellser
(57)
7/1984
ABSTRACT
Asystem and method (several variations) for interconverting
1,502,433 A
7/1924 Johanson
290/43
moving ?uid poWer and electrical poWer, involving, in one
1,536,968 A
1,766,765 A
5/1925 Palm ......................... .. 290/43

6/1930 savonius ___________________ __ 290/43
embodiment, an aerodynamic rotor integrated With an 9199

trical rotor Without an interconnecting rotating shaft, Where
1,835,018 A
4,048,947 A
470647403 A
12/1931 Darrieus
9/ 1977
Sicard - - - - - - -
12/1977 Miller
Yen ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
290/43
the aerodynamic rotor can either take the form of (a) a
- - - -- 290/43
selected style (several discussed herein) hoop-type rotor or
290/43
(b) a fan-blade-type rotor, and in another embodiment, a
' ' ' " 290/43
hoop-like aerodynamic rotor coupled directly to the rotor in
4970431 A
1/1978
T105362 A
4,134,707 A
4,168,439 A
8/1978 Sforza
1/1979 EWers
9/1979 Palma
4,220,870 A
9/1980 Kelly ........................ .. 290/43
290/43
290/43
290/43
an electrical generator through a rotating shaft.

US006448668B1
(16) Patent N6.=

Robitaille
(54) VERTICAL-AXIS WIND MILL SUPPORTED
4
4
4
4
5
6
BY A FLUID
(76)
Inventor: Armand Robitaille, 1075, 2 "me Rang,

St. Roch des Aulnaies (CA), GOR-4E0
Notice:
US 6,448,668 B1
Sub'ect
to an y disclaimer, the term of this
J
551
070
313
610
356
336
A
A
A
A
A
A
Sep. 10, 2002
8/1986 Wood
*
*
6/1988 Werner
8/1988 Cameron et al.
60/325
.. 261/35
WIN"WTMs
O E
DE
60/496
2938496 A
415/3
74/60
310/74
4 / 1 9 O0 0
* cited by examiner
(21) Appl. No.: 09/607,714

Jun. 30, 2000
(22) Filed:
Primary ExaminerNestor Ramirez

Assistant ExaminerJulio R. Gonzalez

Provisional application No. 60/141 ,259, ?led on Jun. 30,
(60)
1999.
(51) Int. Cl?
F03B 13/00; H02P 9/04;

F03D 9/00
(52) US. Cl.
290/54; 290/55; 290/44;
(58) Field of Search
(56)
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
cylindrical shape foundation carried over tWo ?oors, and

comprising a basin located across the higher ?oor and an
alternator room located underground. One or more rotors are
290/55, 44_ 417/7

416/11, 3.1, 117, 119; 415/42, 907
by Water in the basin. The turbine has a roof in the form of
29O/44
8/1975 Quinn
* 10/1977 Rumsey
* 12/1979 Drees
6/1980 Rainey
* 12/1983
De Waal
9/1984 Hojo et al.
a plane Wing (Naca), a collecting section having a number

of blades spread over all the circumference of the section
leaving a series of openings by Which the air strikes each

blade, and a ?oor Which receives the blades, level With the
top of the hillock. A buoy Wherein the Water supports the
* 10/1976 Kalpins
Avertical-aXis Wind turbine installed at the top of a hillock,

in a crater, is constituted of a turbine, a buoy and a
suspended from the turbine but the Weight thereof supported

072
367
134
367
741
880
665
ABSTRACT
290/43
References Cited
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
(57)
..
61 16AH 0109
416/119
60/496
Weight of the~turbine~ and rotor creates a state of'Weight

lessness. By violent Wmds, the buoy may be ?lled With Water
to create inertia and the Water in the basin be lowered by
gravity, into an adjacent tank, to bury the turbine Within the
crater.
.. .. 244/199
74/5.9
US006448669B1

Elder
(54)
WATER POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
(76)
Inventor:
GB
JP
Dillyn M. Elder, 1513 E. Lake St., Fort
Notice:
2231805 A
55-69701
11/1990
5/1980
........... ..
416/197 A
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Collins, CO (US) 80524
(*)
US 6,448,669 B1
Sep. 10, 2002
(10) Patent N0.:

US. patent application Ser. No. 09/452,734, Improved

Wind Turbine System, ?led Dec. 1, 1999, 28 pages and 11
US. Provisional Application, 60/110,519, Improved Wind
drawings.
Turbine System, ?led Dec. 1, 1998, 11 pages and 11
(21) Appl. No.: 09/789,961

Feb. 20, 2001
(22) Filed:
drawings.
(63)
(60)
(51)
(52)
(58)
(57)
Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/452,734, ?led on

Dec. 1, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,191,496.
Provisional application No. 60/110,519, ?led on Dec. 1,
1998.
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a turbine used to convert

wind or ?uid energy, and in some embodiments the kinetic
energy of water, into mechanical energy, more speci?cally,
a long axis type of vertical-axis turbine allowing large
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/04
columns of air or water to be harnessed. These devices differ
US. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/54; 290/43
from horizontal-axis (propeller) type windmills or water

mills which typically rotate about a vertical axis in order that
they may face directly into a wind. The present invention is
designed to be employed as a cost effective alternate power
Field of Search ............................ .. 290/43, 44, 54,
290/55
References Cited
source in any wind or water current condition from a breeZe

to a gale wind, to a slow to moderate to fast water currents.
To increase the structural integrity, the torque generating

elements, namely, the rotor blades, are not directly attached
(56)
143,100 A
175,530 A
201,400 A
9/1873 Sheplar et a1.

3/1876 Vernor
3/1878 Everhart
to the shaft but rather, they attach to the round top and
bottom rotor cage plates through which torque forces gen

erated can be transferred to the shaft. The unique design of
(List continued on next page.)
an open cover on the top of the wind or water turbine allows
wind or water from the direction above the turbine to be

harnessed. The top shield structure has created a calm wind
or water area between the shield and the top of the rotor cage

867380
2/1953
167694
1/1986
0216384
515652
727519
4/1987
4/1921
3/1931
61140
3/1955
............... ..
415/4.2
that helps reduce turbidity and greatly facilitates wind or

water exhaust from the system.
............... .. 416/236
10A
US006538340B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Elder
(54)
WIND TURBINE SYSTEM
(75) Inventor:
6,448,669 B1 *
Dillyn M. Elder, Fort Collins, CO (US)
(73) Assignee? l'gesdwinds Corporation, Dallas, TX

( )
(*)
US 6,538,340 B2
Notice:
USC' 154(k)) by 22 days
9/2002 Elder ........................ .. 290/54
* Cited by examiner

(57)
ABSTRACT
Mar. 25, 2003
The present invention relates to an improved turbine used to
convert ~Wmd mto mechanical energy, more ~speci?cally, a
long axis type of vertical-axis turbme alloWmg large col
umns of Wind to be harnessed. These devices differ from
(21) Appl' NO: 09/923043
horizontal-axis (propeller) type Windmills Which typically
(22)
rotate about a vertical axis in order that they may face

directly into a Wind. The improvement includes constructing
the components of the invention from lightweight materials
Filed;
Aug 6, 2001
(65)
Prior Publication Data
Us 2OO3/0025335 A1 Feb 6 2003
vvhich allow 'the enhanced conversion of Wind kinetic energy
mto mechanical energy by the Wind turbme. The preferred
(51)
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/04
materials include honeycomb sandwich panels manufac
(52)
(58)
US. Cl. ............... ..

290/55; 290/44
Field of Search ............................ .. 290/43, 44, 54,
290/55
tured from non-metallic materials such as aramid ?ber. The

Present invention is designed to be employed as a Cost
effective alternate poWer source in any Wind from a breeZe
to a gale Wind. To increase the structural integrity, the torque
(56)
References Cited
generating elements, namely, the rotor blades, are not

directly attached to the shaft but rather, they attach to the
round top and bottom rotor cage plates through Which torque
Us PATENT DOCUMENTS
4,224,528 A *
4,494,007 A *
9/1980 Argo _________________________ __ 290/55

1/1985 Gaston ...................... .. 290/44
forces generated can be transferred to the shaft. The unique

design of an open cover on the top of the Wind turbine allows
4,857,753 A *
8/1989 MeWburn-Crook et a1.
Wind from the direction above the turbine to be harnessed.
5,038,049 A
8/1991 K810 ......................... .. 290/55
290/55
53917926 A * 2/1995 Stf11eYta1~
290/55
The [Op
Structure has Created a Calm
area
betWeen the shield and the top of the rotor cage that helps
5,852,331 A
* 12/1998
Glorgml ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' ' ' " 290/55
reduce turbidity and greatly facilitates Wind exhaust from
6,172,429
B1
1/2001
Russell . . . . . .
. . . ..
the System
6,191,496
B1
2/2001
Elder
. . . ..
290/55
6,320,273
B1
11/2001
. . . ..
290/55
6,448,668 B1 *
Nemec
.....
......
9/2002 Robitaille .................. .. 290/54
10A
1
10
2 \
\\\
5 \\
B 4
290/54
1
I
US006674181B2
(12> Ulllted States Patent
(10) Patent N0.:
Harbison
(54)
WIND-DRIVEN TWIN TURBINE
4,764,683 A
4,960,363 A
(76)
Inventor:
Notice:
Jan. 6, 2004
8/1988 Coombes
* 10/1990 Bergstein .................. .. 415/3.1
Charles C. Harbison, 5001 Jay Ave.,
5,038,049 A
Las Vegas NV (Us) 89130
5,457,346 A * 10/1995 Blumberg et al. .......... .. 290/55
(*)
US 6,674,181 B2
6,448,669 B1 *
Subject. to any disclaimer,_ the term of this
8/1991 Kato
9/2002
Elder
........................ .. 290/54
* cited by examiner
patent is extended or adJusted under 35
(22) Filed:
(65)
U.S.C. 154(b) by 100 days.

(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmEdgar W. Averill, Jr.
Dec 31 2001
Prior Pubhcation Data
AWind-driven turbine assembly useful for the generation of

electricity. The turbine assembly has a frame Which holds
tWo parallel turbines supported by the top and ?oor of the
Us 2003/0122380 A1 Jul 3 2003
frame. Each turbine has a central support pipe With turbine
(51) Int. c1.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/00
veihe eXtehehhg ehtwerdly- The Wind ehters the front of the
(52) US. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44
gaffe Ed lshsplflthlhte two Etteams WhICh Ethke the Outer
(58)
Field Of Search ............................ .. 290/43, 44, 54,
290/55
(56)
a 65 C
O t e W0 H mes Causmgt em to rotate 1
opposite directions. The frame has side doors Which tend to

open as Wind velocity increases. The frame also has a back
References Cited
panel Which also may be adjusted betWeen open and closed

positions. Electrical generators are operably connected to
shafts of the turbine to convert the energy absorbed from the
3,876,925 A
4/1975 Stoeckert ..................... .. 322/1
4,088,419 A * 5/1978 Hope et al.

415/4.4
4,295,783 A * 10/1981 Lebost ..................... .. 415/4.4
Wmd mm elecmclty'
US006688842B2

Boatner
(54)
Bruce E. Boatner,
Notice:
Pebble Beach
Sub'ect
to any disclaimer, the term of this
J

(21)
APPL N05 10/178209
Jun_ 24 2002
(65)
PriOI PubliCatiOIl Data
(52)
(58)
ABSTRACT
Avertical axis Wind engine, also referred to as a vertical axis

Wind turbine (VAWT) includes a support structure, a rotor
mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation about
a vertical axis, and at least one airfoil for causing the rotor
and trailing edges, an angle-of-attack axis extending hori

. 25
2003
/
e0
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 7/00
US. Cl. ................... .. 415/4.002; 415/44; 415/907;

416/140
Field of Search ........................ .. 415/4.2, 4.4, 907;
416/119, 140
(56)
(57)
Or Firm_LOya1 McKinley Hanson
the Wind engine. The airfoil has vertically extending leading
(51)
Attorney)
to rotate about the vertical axis in response to Wind passing
(22) Filed,
US 2003 0235498 A1 D
Feb. 10, 2004
Primary ExaminerEdWard K. Look

Assistant ExaminerKimya N McCoy
Dr., Murrieta, CA (US) 92563

*
US 6,688,842 B2
VERTICAL AXIS WIND ENGINE

IIIVGIIIOIT
(10) Patent N0.:
References Cited
Zontally through the leading and trailing edges, and a pivotal

axis
extending vertically
intermediate the leading and . trail
.
.
.
.
mg edges. The airfoil is mounted on the rotor for pivotal

movement about the pivotal axis and the rotor includes
Components for limiting pivotal movement of the airfoil to

?rst and second limits of pivotal movement. The airfoil is
free te Pivet abeiit the Pivetal axis intermediate the ?rst and
second limits of pivotal movement as the rotor rotates about
the vertical axis in order to thereby enable the airfoil to align
the angle-of-attack axis according to the Wind. Preferably,

2267357 A
4/1880 Saccone
the Wind engine has more than one free-?ying, self

positioning airfoil, and the rotor includes ?rst and second
stops for each airfoil that augment virtual stop effects to limit
232,205 A
9/1880 Preston ..................... .. 416/119
pivotal movement to a radially aligned ?rst limit and 4
2,038,467 A
4/1936 Zanoski
tangentially aligned second limit. According to another
4,184,084 A *
1/ 1980 Crehore --------------------- -- 290/55
aspect of the invention, multiple Wind engines are stacked.
43837801 A
44O8956 A
5/1983 Pryor
10/1983 mice Sr'
Yet another aspect provides an exponentially shaped struc

ture surrounding the vertical axis that funnels Wind toWard
4,474,529 A
D300,932 S
10/1984 Kinsey
5/1989 Sikes
the rotor
* cited by examiner
US006740989B2
(12)
(10) Patent N0.:

US 6,740,989 B2
May 25, 2004
Rowe
(54)
(75) Inventor: John Rowe, Whitby (CA)
5,044,878 A
9/1991 Wilhelm
5,336,933 A
8/1994 Ernster
5,391,926 A
5,664,418 A
(73) Assignee: Pacifex Management Inc., Ontario

(CA)
( * ) Notice:
(Gag/Ct
Subjectiisiggngegg
to any disclaimer,
adjusted
the term
under
of this
35
.
2/1995 Staley ct a1~

*
9/1997
Walters ..................... .. 60/398
57852331 A
6,015,258 A
12/1998 Giorgini
1/2000 Taylor
6,109,863 A
8/2000 Milliken
2002/0047276 A1 i 4/2002 glieerrts'

Elder """""""""""" "
ays.
* cited by examiner
(21) Appl' NO': 10/224463

(22) Filed:
Aug. 21, 2002

(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmOglivy Renault; Paul J.
(65)
F' 1d
16

US 2004/0036297 A1 Feb. 26, 2004
(57)
"""""""""""""""
(
' '
_
' """""""""""""" "
Fleld Of Search ............................ ..
415/ 4;
'
44, 54,
290/55 415/42 4'4

(56)
ABSTRACT
A vertical axis Wind turbine With a turbine rotor With rotor

blades disposed for rotation about a substantially vertical
axis. The turbine includes multiple vertically extending
stator vanes circumferentially spaced apart about the rotor in
an annular array Each Vane has a radially inward facing
surface, a radially outWard facing surface and a ?ange on an
References Cited
outer edge of each vane. The ?ange serves to create a
rotates in a direction that draWs and redirects air ?oW into

the air ?oW channels de?ned by the stator vanes that is then
turbulent sWirling boundary layer on the vane surfaces that

1,578,835 A
3/1926 Kothe
8/1977 Mater
compressed by the narroWing of the channels and directed to
4,039,849 A
4,551,631 A
* 11/1985 Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55
4,684,817 A
4,686,376 A
et al. ................ .. 290/55
the rotor blades to drive the turbine.
8/1987 Goldwater
*
8/1987
RetZ .......................... .. 290/42
US006749394B2
(12)
(54)
(76)
(10) Patent N0.:
Boatner
ROTATING DISPLAY APPARATUS

Inventor:
Bruce E. Boatner, 29507 Pebble Beach
US 6,749,394 B2
4,474,529 A
10/1984 Kinsey
D300,932 S
5/1989 Sikes
Jun. 15, 2004
* Cited by examiner
Dr., Murrieta, CA (US) 92563

(*)
Notice:
Assistant Examiner_DWayne J _ White
patent is eXIended 0r adjusted under 35
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmLoyal McKinley Hanson
(57)
ABSTRACT
(21) Appl- NO-I 10/254,204
A rotating display apparatus includes a support structure, a
(22)
rotor mounted rotatably on the support structure for rotation
Filed
SEP 25 2002
'
(65)
about a vertically disposed rotational axis, and at least tWo
(preferably more) Wind-reactive elements on the rotor on

Which a user may display promotional, political, or other
US 2004/0057830 A1 Mar. 25, 2004
information,
including
using
the shape of the Wind-reactive
(51)
(52)
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 7/06

US. Cl. ........................ .. 415/4.2; 415/44; 415/140;
elements as the displayed information The Wind-reactive

elements (airfoil or non'airfo?) Cause the rotor to rotate
(58)
415/907
Field of Search ............................... .. 416/119, 140;
about the rotational axis in response to Wind passing the

rotating display apparatus Each is free to pivot between a
415/41, 42, 44, 907; 40/479
respective one of ?rst and second pairs of stop positions as

the rotor rotates about the rotational axis in order to self
(56)
References Cited
align according to Wind direction and impart rotational

movement to the rotor, moving through ?ve phases per
US PATENT DOCUMENTS
226 357 A
4/1880 Saccone
482:178 A
704,002
1,232,895
1,511,965
1,534,634
15347635
9/1892 Irish
A
A
A
A
A
7/1902
7/1917
10/1924
4/1925
4/1925
2
2O76784 A
spring arranged to constrict radially against a cylindrical
Cribbs et a1_
Cauthorn et al.
Hennigh
Correll
Cone
portion of a pivot tube in order to inhibit pivotal movement

of the tube (and thereby the associated Wind-reactive ele
ment of Which the tube is apart) When the Wind-reactive
element reaches a predetermined stop position. Another
embodiment includes a moveable stop that restricts the free
gg?gnsrligiren
4/1937 Knipp
3j292:319 A
movement of the Wind-reactive element in relation to the

rotational speed of 'the rotor by means of centrifugal force.
12/1966 M ccarthy
4,383,801 A
Yet another embodiment includes a'dampener mechanism
5/1983 Pryor
4,408,956 A
4,415,312 A
revolution as they orbit the rotational axis. One embodiment

includes a constricting dampener mechanism that includes a
that disengages in heavy Wind conditions.
10/1983 Price, Sr.

* 11/1983 Brenneman ............... .. 416/119
10
SUPPORT
US006824348B2
(12)
(54)
(76)
(10) Patent N0.:
Alexander et al.
WIND ROTOR OPERABLE IN SLOW WIND
1,535,585 A
SPEEDS
2,247,929 A
3,743,848 A
Inventors: Barton D. Alexander, 244 21 Ave.
378977170 A
James
NW C. Helfrich,MT20065>
Choteau St.,
Sun R1Ver>MT(US)59483
(*)
Notice:
Nov. 30, 2004
4/1925 Dyer
*
*
7/1941
7/1973
Terhune ..................... .. 416/46

Strickland .................. .. 290/55
7/1975 Dawishian
252242;:
4406584
A * 9/1983
211222 Ste
US 6,824,348 B2
Sub]ect to any disclaimer, the term of this
416/41
pp
........................ ..
4,468,169 A
8/1984 Williams
4,530,642 A
7/1985
5,642,983 A
7/1997 Chung
Yang
cued by examlner
Primary ExaminerNinh H. Nguyen
(21) Appl. N0.: 10/420,397

(22) Filed:
Apr. 22, 2003
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmJerry Johnson

(57)
ABSTRACT
(65)
A Wind rotor comprises a base, a rotor frame rotationally

supported on the base for movement about a substantially

Us 2004/0213670181 Oct 28 2004
vertical axis in one of a clockwise or counter clockwise
(51)
(52)
Int. c1.7
........................ .. F03D 3/00
US. Cl. ....................... .. 415/4.2; 415/4.4; 415/907;
direction, and a plurality of Wind receiving vanes pivotally

disposed on the rotor frame for movement about a Substan
416/111; 416/132 B; 416/140
tially vertical axis in a clockwise and counter clockwise
(58)
Field of Search ........................ .. 415/4.2, 4.4, 907;
direction between a ?rst Closed position and a Second Open
416/111, 132 B, 140; 290/44, 55
position. The movement of each vane from the ?rst closed
position to the second open position further being indepen

(56)
References Cited
Us PATENT DOCUMENTS
148 100 A
3/1874 White
279:066 A
6/1883 witherspoon
dent of the other vanes. A variable resistance damping

mechanism assembly is disposed between each vane and the
rotor frame. The variable resistance damping mechanism is
con?gured to provide damping in both the clockwise and the
counterclockwise directions, and to dampen a greater
5887143 A
8/1897 Hall
amount in one of the clockwise or counterclockwise direc
755,497 A
3/1904 Hyatt
tions than in the other.
1,015,517 A
1,314,232 A
1/1912 Snyder ..................... .. 416/118
8/1919 Wohr
1 2
740 729700 60C 76C 0 C
400
T
W
US006841894B2
(12)
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:
Gomez Gomar
4,365,929 A * 12/1982 Retz ........................ .. 415/53.1
CHANNELING BODY WITH
4,383,801 A
PROGRESSIVELY REDUCED SECTION
4,414,477 A * 11/1983 MeWburn-Crook et al.

4,508,973 A * 4/1985 Payne
290/55
290/55
4516907 A : 5/1985 EClWaFdS '

4,551,631 A
11/1985 Trigilio
415/4'5
290/55
4,609,827 A
290/44
Notice:
5/1983 Pryor ........................ .. 416/17
9/1986 Nepple
4,834,610 A
2 *i 5/1989 Bond, 111
U-S-C- 154(b) by 27 days~
4,890,976 A *
1/1990 Jansson
5,038,049 A
8/1991
5,044,878 A
9/1991 Wilhelm ................... .. 415/42
5,133,637 A
7/1992
Appl.NO.Z10/335,839
(22)
P116011
Jall- 2, 2003
.
(65)
Patent
Subject15toextended
any disclaimer,
or adlusted
the term
under
of this
35
(21)
5,391,926 A *
.
Pmr Pubhcatlon Data
Us 2004/0130161 A1 JUL 8 2004
(51)
Jan. 11, 2005
WIND POWER GENERATOR HAVING WIND
(76) Inventor: Josep Lluis Gomez Gomar, Major, 15

10 1a 08783 Masquefa (ES)
(*)
US 6,841,894 B2
Im. c1.7 ........................... .. H02P 9/00- H02P 9/04-
Kato
415/44
.... ..
Wadsworth ............... ..
2/1995 Staley et a1.

ODell
* 10/1995
5/1996 Kivilammi .
........ ..
5,553,996 A
9/1996 Farrar ...................... .. 415/2.1
ES
554984
5/1986
ES
2 107 324
11/1997
3,883,261 A
5/1975
3,883,750 A
5/1975 UZZell, Jr. ................. .. 290/55
3,920,354
3,970,409
3,988,072
4,017,204
4,052,134
* 11/1975 Decker
* 7/1976 Luchuk
* 10/1976 Sellman
* 4/1977 Sellman
* 10/1977 Rumsey
*
4,086,498 A *
4,134,710 A
4,164,382 A *
SaXmann ..................... .. 415/7
416/117
416/145
415/21
415/4.4
416/119
4/1978 Pavlecka .
415/1
4/1978 SZoeke
290/55
1/1979 Atherton ..
416/117
8/1979 Mysels
415/4.4
4,177,009 A
* 12/1979 Baum et al.
4,186,314
1/1980
4,208,168 A
6/1980 Chen et al. ..
. 416/132 B
. 416/197A
290/44
4,209,281 A
4,220,870 A
Diggs
416/45
... ... ... .
. . . . ..
6/1980 Edmunds
*
*
9/1980 Kelly .... ..

7/1981 McFarland .... ..
4,292,540 A *
9/1981 Thompson et al
4,278,896 A
4,303,835 A
* 12/1981
4,318,019 A
3553322 2; i @1323 ~~~~~~~~~~~ -- ggggggg
4,084,918 A
290/55
290/55
290/55
Assistant ExaminerPedro J. Cuevas
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmMichael J. Striker
(57)
ABSTRACT
AWind poWer recovery device has a toWer, a rotor arranged

on the toWer and including a plurality of blades rotatable
under the action of Wind, the rotor also having an axis for
transmitting the rotation of the rotor to another apparatus, a
Wind channeling body provided With a series of Walls Which

form channelings With a section Which is progressively
reduced from an entry side of the Wind channeling body to
an exit side of the channeling body toWard the rotor to affect
tangentially the blades of the rotor at a speed higher than at
the entry side of the body, the Wind channeling body having
a side face, and a blind protecting the side face of the
channeling body.
Bair .......................... .. 290/55
3/1982 Teasley et a1. ....... .. 310/156.35
14
\y
416/197A
..... .. 415/21
55
A
A
A
A
A
415/4.4
...... .. 290/55
5,518,362 A
(52) US. Cl. ....................................................... .. 290/55

References Cited
290/55
5,454,694 A
(58)
(56)
(List Continued on next page)
F03D 9/00; F03D 9/02; F03D 3/02
Field of Search .......................................... .. 290/55
.. 415/533
10
~44]
US006849965B2
(10) Patent N0.:

Le Nabour et al.
US 6,849,965 B2
Feb. 1, 2005
(54) WIND MACHINE WITH SLANTED BLADES
4,140,433 A
(75) Inventors: Marcel Le Nabour, Maisons La?tte
4,258,271 A
4,291,235 A
*
*
3/1981
9/1981
Chappell et al. ............ .. 290/54

Bergey et al.
...... .. 290/55
4,684,316 A
4,720,640 A
*
*
8/1987
1/1988
Karlsson ......... ..
415/211.1
Anderson et al. ........... .. 290/43
(FR); Christophe Hagopian, Creteil
(FR)
4,781,523 A
5,080,553
5,910,688
6,452,287
6,786,697
(73) Assignee: Compagnie Internationale de

Turbines Atmospheriques, Alfortville
(FR)
(*)
Notice:

USC 154(b) by 0 days.
DE
DE
JP
Jan. 26, 2004

US 2004/0160063 A1 Aug. 19, 2004

(62)
Division of application No. 09/868,971, ?led as application

NO. PCT/FR99/O2705 OIl NOV. 5, 1999.
(30)
May 12, 1999
(FR) .......................................... .. 99 06076
(51)
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 9/00
(52)
(58)
US. Cl. .......................... .. 290/55; 290/54; 416/189

Field of Search ............................ .. 290/55, 54, 44,
290/43; 415/211.1; 416/189
A
A
B1
B2
11/1988 Aylor
*
*
*
*
1/1992
6/1999
9/2002
9/2004
Armel ...................... .. 415/42

Li ........ ..
290/55
Looker ........... ..
290/55
OConnor et al. ........ .. 416/189
DE
DE
(21) Appl. No.: 10/764,942

(22) Filed:
(65)
2/1979 Eckel
804 090 C
757 548 C
4/1951
8/1953
4437972 A1 *
19802574 A1 *
20030120509 A
4/1996
3/1999
H02K/7/18
F03D/11/00
4/2003
......... .. F03D/11/00
* cited by examiner
Primary ExaminerJoseph Waks

(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmBaker & Daniels
(57)
ABSTRACT
AWind machine mounted on a vertical mast (2) and having

a Wind-driven turbine (1) co-operating With an alternator to
generate electrical poWer, this turbine (1) being ?tted With

slanting blades (6) mounted on a large-diameter hub (7) With
a horizontal axis, the generators of Which are located along
the trunk of a cone facing the Wind, characterised in that the
alternator comprises, on the one hand, a magnetic rotor (4)
secured to the hub (7), preferably on a level With the
maximum available diameter, and on the other hand a stator
(5), adjacent to the rotor (4), With magnetic coils distributed

in a partial or full circle, and secured to a stationary frame
(56)
References Cited
3,209,156 A
4,021,135 A
4,086,498 A
9/1965 Struble
5/1977 Pedersen et al.
*
4/1978
SZoeke ...................... .. 290/55
(22) joined to an encircling hood (9) extending the hub (7)

coaxially, the blades (6) being shrouded in the vicinity of
their ends (55) by a relatively short, divergent, circular
fairing (8) mounted concentrically With the hub
US006870280B2
(12)
(10) Patent N0.:
Pechler
(54)
VERTICAL-AXIS WIND TURBINE
(76)
Inventor;
Elcho R, Pechler, 573 Jason Dr
Notice:
Mar. 22, 2005
6,015,258 A * 1/2000 Taylor ...................... .. 415/4.4

6,465,899 B2 * 10/2002 Roberts
290/44
6,705,838 B1 * 3/2004 Bak et al. ................. .. 416/243
Debary FL (Us) 32713

(*)
US 6,870,280 B2
DE
2740235 A *
3/1979
____ __ F03D/3/04

U_S_C_ 154(k)) by 0 day5_
DE
EP
GB
2918181 A * 11/1979
957265 A2 * 11/1999
2100687 A * 1/1983
.... .. F03D/3/04
.... .. F03D/3/04
F03D/11/00
GB
2100688 A
1/1983
F03D/11/00
(21)
Appl' No" 10/141160
GB
2146572 A * 4/1985
B29C/33/52
(22)
Filed.
JP
May 8 2002
'
(65)
PT
W0
US 2003/0209911 A1 Nov. 13, 2003

(51)
Int. C].7 . . . . .
(52)
US. Cl.
2000337244 A
71735 A
* 12/2000
*
.... .. F03D/3/00
2/1981
.... .. F03D/0/00
W0 9119093 A1 * 12/1991
........... .. F03D/3/04
* cited by examiner
. . . ..
F031) 3/04
Primary Examiner]oseph Waks
...............
. . . . . . . . . . .. 290/55; 290/44
(74) Attorney, Agent,
(58) Field of Search ..
.. 290/44, 55; 211552853,
(57)
(56)
or FirmDale J. Ream
ABSTRACT
A vertical-axis Wind turbine includes upper and lower hubs
References Clted
de?ning an imaginary vertical axis therebetWeen. A rotor

assembly is rotatably coupled to the hubs and includes a
plurality of rotor blades. Each rotor blade includes an

588,572 A *
1,595,578
3,938,907 A
3,994,621 A
4,260,325 A
4,486,143 A
4,551,631 A
5,126,584 A
5,380,149 A
5,391,926 A
5,454,694 A
5,463,257 A
5,852,331 A
415/4.2
dicular to a radial edge of the rotor assembly and a second
2/1976 Magoveny et al. ....... .. 415/141
vertical edge spaced inwardly toWard the imaginary vertical
Sovereigh
.......
. . . ..
4/1981 Cymara .................... .. 415/4.4
5/1981 Sharak et al.

*
*
annular con?guration having a ?rst vertical edge perpen
415/186
8/1926
11/1976 Bogie
4,269,563 A
4,313,710 A
4,457,666 A
8/1897 Hardaway
2/1982 La Ferte .................... .. 415/4.2

7/1984 Selman, Jr. ............... .. 415/203
12/1984 McVey
* 11/1985 Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55
6/1992 Ouellet
1/1995 Valsamidis
2/1995 Staley et al.
* 10/1995
ODell ................. .. 416/197A
axis. No rotor blade touches any other blade and an air?oW
is obstructed only by respective rotor blades When passing

through the rotor assembly. A plurality of stationary stator
blades are circumferentially arranged about the rotor
assembly, each stator blade being positioned tangentially to

the rotor assembly such that air that Would cause propulsion
relative to the rotor blades is unrestricted Whereas air that
Would cause drag is blocked. Aplurality of rotor assemblies
may be included Within a single housing.
10/1995 Yea
* 12/1998 Giorgini .................... .. 290/55
US006926491B2

Migler
(54) VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH
(10) Patent N0.:

US 6,926,491 B2
Aug. 9, 2005
(56)
References Cited
CONTROLLED GYBING
(76)
Inventor:
Bernard ,Miglen 1405 Autumn La"

Cherry H111, NJ (Us) 08003
232,205 A *
2,038,467 A *
(*)
Notice?
Subject to any disclaimer, the term Ofthis
6,116,178 A * 9/2000 McCabe
6,688,842 B2 *
5,844,323
9/1880 Preston ..................... .. 416/119

4/1936 Zanoski ..
416/119
12/1998
Hung
... ... ..
. . . . . . ..
290/54
114/102.13
2/2004 Boatner .................... .. 415/42

* cited by examiner
(21) Appl' NO" 10/681755

(22) Filed.
Oct. 8, 2003
(65)
US 2004/0228729 A1 NOV- 18, 2004
Primary ExaminerNinh H. Nguyen

(57)
ABSTRACT
_
A device for generating electricity in WhlCh Wind bloWmg

from any direction causes the rotation of sails around a
vertical toWer. As the sails rotate the sails moving toWard the
(60)
Related U-S- Application Data

Provisional application NO- 60/469240 ?led on May 12
2003'
Wind are automatically feathered, and the sails moving aWay

from the direction of the Wind are prevented from being
(51)
(52)
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 5/06

us. Cl. ........................ .. 415/44, 415/907; 416/17;
each sail so that the sail gybes at an earlier time than Would
Otherwise eeeur- An Outer sail restraint Catches the sail as
416/119; 416/132 A; 416/132 B; 416/146 R
it gybes, Capturing mueh 9f the energy of the gybe, adding
(58)
Field Of Search ....................... .. 415/44, 907, 150;
416/17, 119, 132 A, 132 B, 146 R, 155,

108111, 197 A, 197 R; 290/42_44, 55,
54, 53
feathered b y sail restraints. An inner sail restraint P ositions
additional rotational force The device may be used to
extract energy from the Wind to produce electricity.
US006942454B2
(16) Patent N6.=
Ohlmann
(54)
(45) Date 0f Patent:
(76)
Inventor:
Hans-Armin Ohlmann, 166 Piper St.,

Ayr Ontario (CA), NOB 1E0
(*)
Notice:

USC 154(1)) by 0 days_

21
(
pp
(22) Filed:
DE
20006959
7/2000
DE
10054700
5/2001
DE
EP
19957141
0064440
5/2001
11/1982
FR
2509384
1/1983
* Cited by examiner
Borden Ladner Gervais LLP
Dec. 1, 2003
(65)
Sep. 13, 2005
Assistant ExaminerRichard A. Edgar

(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmR. Craig Armstrong;
A 1' N 110724146
)
US 6,942,454 B2
(57)
The vertical axis Wind turbine has tWo counter-rotating

rotors mounted on ?rst and second spaced apart vertical
US 2004/0141845 A1 1111- 22, 2004

_
ABSTRACT
axes. Each rotor has a plurality of rotor blades extending
(60)
_ _ Related
Apphcatlon Data
PTOVlSlOnal apphcatlon NO- 60/430974: ?led on Dec- 2:
2002'
rotatable on a third vertical axis on a platform. The third axis
(51)
Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. F03D 3/02
is spaced from a point midway betWeen the ?rst and second
(52)
us. Cl. .................... .. 416/11; 416/132 B; 415/42;
axes in a direction at 90 degrees to and forward from a line
415/151; 290/55
betWeen the ?rst and second axes. The vertical axis Wind
Field Of Search ........................... .. 290/55; 415/42,
turbine further has a guide vane mounted on the support
415/44, 907, 21, 41, 8, 60, 70, 1213,

151, 156, 183, 1981; 416/120, 122, 9_17,
structure; having a vertex forWard of the third vertical axis

in the direction at 90 degrees from a line betWeen the ?rst
and second axes. The guide vane has left and right sym
(58)
146 R, 197 A, DIG 4, 132 B
generally inWardly from an outer circumference, the vertical

axes being mounted on a support structure Which is in turn
metrical vane portions extending toWards the rotors so as to
(56)
References Cited
direct air?oW from Wind primarily toWards portions of the

rotors outboard of the ?rst and second axes. The guide vane
U~S~ PATENT DOCUMENTS

419 345 A *
2,335,817 A 4 11/1943 Topalov
415/44
With the guide vanes axis of Symmetry Pointing forwardly
into the Wind. Movable de?ector ?aps pivotally mounted
4,047,833 A *
9/1977 Decker ..................... .. 415/44
adjacent opposite ends of the vane portions can de?ect air at
4,156,580 A
5/1979 Pohl
least partially aWay from the rotors. The structure of the
8/1988 COOmbeS ------------------- -- 290/55
Wind turbine can support an unrelated structure such as a
4,764,683 A
DE
also tends to keep the vertical axis Wind turbine oriented
1/1890 Otto ......................... .. 415/42
3403657
8/1985
restaurant
US006966747B2
(12)
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:
Taylor et al.
WIND TURBINE HAVING AIRFOILS FOR

BLOCKING AND DIRECTING WIND AND
ROTORS WITH OR WITHOUT A CENTRAL
3,986,786 A
4,031,405 A
4,037,983 A
4,047,833 A
4,057,270 A
GAP
(76)
(*)
Inventors: Ronald J. Tay lor, 1169 Lon g Valle y

_
Notice:
4O7O131 A
Nov. 22, 2005
10/1976 Sellman
6/1977 Asperger
7/1977 Poem
9/1977 Decker
11/1977 Lebost
1/ 1978 Yen
4 , 079 , 264 A
3 /1978
Rd., Cheyenne, WY (US) 82009, Scott

J. Taylor,
Holland CL, Cheyenne,
4,084,918 A
4,088,419 A
4/1978 Pavlecka
5/1978 Hope et aL
WY (US) 82009
4,115,027 A
9/1978 Thomas
4,115,028 A
9/1978 HintZe
Cohen

4,116,581 A
4,119,863 A
4,132,282 A
1/1979 Sparks
4,154,556 A
5/1979 Webster
4,156,580 A
5/1979 Pohl
(21) APPL No: 10/831,515

_
(22) Filed:
US 6,966,747 B2
9/1978 Bolie
10/1978 Kelly
(Continued)
Apr. 23, 2004
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(65)
Pnor Pubhcatlon Data

US 2004/0219019 A1
Nov. 4, 2004
Volta Torrey, Wind-Catchers American Windmills of Yes

terday adn TomorroW.

(60)
(Continued)
Provisional application No. 60/467,773, ?led on Apr.
30, 2003'
P''ima"y ExaminerNinh H- Nguyen
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmCochran Freund & Young

LLC; William W. Cochran
(51)
Int. Cl.7 ............................................... ..
(52)
US. Cl. ........................ .. 415/1; 415/186; 415/191;
F03D 3/04
415/2112; 415/908; 416/197 A; 441fgfg 49;

_
Fleld Of Search ........................ ..
'
415/191 211'2 908 1; 416/197 A 197 B

416/DIG' 4 DIG 9 290/44 55
,
(56)
3876925 A
3,895,882 A
3,922,012 A
ABSTRACT
A Wind turbine device of increased efficiency is comprised

of a set of ?xed airfoils that direct Wind into a rotor having
a plurality of blades The ?xed airfo?s may extend to the
ground to increase the amount of Wind directed into the rotor

and may be manufactured from concrete. The rotor blades
have a vented portion near the aXis of rotation that has been
References Clted
Us PATENT DOCUMENTS
(57)
found to increase efficiency for certain blade geometries. For

other blade geometries, increased efficiency is observed With
_ d
5; 3:11:02 """"""""""" " 41 / 129

4/1975 Stoeckert
7/1975 Moyer
11/1975 HerZ
no gap at the aXis of rotation. The rotor may also be
manufactured from composite materials to increase strength

While decreasing the moment of inertia for the rotor.

RETURN
PORTION
312 ROTOR BLADE
302
AIRFOIL
301 E
320
ROTOR
314
AXIS
SPAC E
308
DRIVE
PORTION
306 AIRFOIL
ROTOR
BLADE
300
WIND
TURBINE
US007056082B1

Taylor
(54)
FOUR CYCLE WIND IMPLOSION ENGINE
(76)
Inventor:
(56)

561,040
sutbletclto altly ((lllsfllalmeithf 3311115101212

.
5/1896
ZWiebel . . . . . . . . .
4,005,947 A *
2/1977
Norton et a1.
4,031,405
6/1977
Asperger
. . . . . ..
415/42
.. 416/197 A
................... ..
290/55
4,362,470 A * 12/1982 Locastro et a1. .. .. 416/197 A
$5? llssibinbe 0C; a Jus 6 un er

.
Jun. 6, 2006
References Cited
John B. Taylor, 5640 Encore Dr.,

Dallas TX (Us) 75240
( ) Nome
US 7,056,082 B1
(10) Patent N0.:
5,038,049 A *
8/1991 Kato ......................... .. 290/55
ays.
* cited by examiner
(21)
Appl. N0.: 10/906,235
(22) Filed:
Primary ExamlneriEdWard K. Look
Feb 10, 2005
Assistant ExamineriNathan Wiehe~

(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiDavid V. Thompson
(51) Int. Cl.

F03D 3/04
F03D 7/06
(57)
(200601)
(200601)
A Wind energy machine has four rotor chambers formed by

perpendicular Walls. Each rotor chamber has an intake
US. Cl- ....................... ..
(58)
ABSTRACT
portion a reversal portion a parallel portion and an exhaust
416/197 A
portion. Air How is reversed in each chamber for every 90
Field of Classi?cation Search ............... .. 415/4.2,
degrees of rotation, such that the intake portion becomes an
415/44, 13, 907; 416/31, 37, 41, 175, 197 A,

416/197 R, 203, 228
See application ?le for complete search history.
exhaust and the exhaust portion becomes and inlet.
42
44
US007084523B2

Noguchi
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:

Aug. 1, 2006
WINDMILL FOR WIND POWER
4,264,279 A *
4/1981
Dereng ................. .. 416/227A
GENERATION
4,285,636 A *
8/1981
Kato et al. .
4,303,835 A *
12/1981
Bair .......................... .. 290/55
4,976,587 A *
5,057,696 A *
12/1990
10/1991
Johnston et al. .......... .. 416/230

Thomas ..................... .. 290/44
(76) Inventor:
Tsuneo Noguchi,
abankohto-Minamikarasuyama 301 ,
24-20, Minamikarasuyama 6-chome,

Setagaya-ku, Tokyo (JP) 157-0062
(*)
US 7,084,523 B2
Notice:

5,198,156 A *
3/1993 Middleton et a1.
5,203,672 A *
4/1993
5,252,029 A *
10/1993
.. 416/197 A
261/87
Wolf .............. ..
Barnes
5,316,443 A *
5/1994 Smith
5,332,925 A *
7/1994
415/2.1
..... .. 416/142
416/197 R
Thomas ..................... .. 290/44
(Continued)
(21) Appl. No.:
10/505,451
(22) PCT Filed:
Sep. 19, 2003
(86)
PCT/JP03/12031
PCT No.:
371 (0X1)
(2), (4) Date:
(87)

JP
54-17439
2/1979
(Continued)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Sep. 1, 2004
Reynolds Number, http://scienceWorld.Wolfram.corn/phys

ic s/ReynoldsNumber.html.*
PCT Pub. No.: WO2004/027259
Primary ExamineriDarren Schuberg
PCT Pub. Date: Apr. 1, 2004
Assistant ExamineriPedro J. Cuevas
(65)
US 2005/0099013 A1
(30)
(52)
(58)
Maier & Neustadt, PC.
May 12, 2005
(57)
Sep. 20, 2002
(51)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4Oblon, Spivak, McClelland,
Int. C].
F01D 7/00
F03D 7/06
F03D 7/02
(JP)
........................... .. 2002-275032
A Windmill for highly ef?cient Wind poWer generation is

provided by enabling one to ef?ciently rotate the Windmill
even in starting or at a loW Wind speed region by improving
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
a blade of a vertical shaft type Windmill of a lift type. In the

Windmill for Wind poWer generation, a plurality of blades are
US. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/55; 290/54

Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 290/44,
290/ 55

(56)
ABSTRACT
References Cited
provided in parallel With a rotating shaft in a face orthogonal

to the vertical rotating shaft at constant angles centering on
the rotating shaft, Wherein the blade is of a blade type having
a high lift coef?cient at loW Reynolds number and a notch
portion is formed at a rear edge portion of a loWer face of the
blade.

1,467,699 A *
9/1923 Vinding et a1. ........... .. 416/226
US007189050B2
(12)
(54)
(75)
(10) Patent N0.:
Taylor et al.
CROSS-FLOW WIND TURBINE
2,812,823 A
Inventors: Scott J. Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US);

Ronald Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US);
US 7,189,050 B2
11/1957 Oviedo
2,896,882 A
7/1959 Nelson
3 876 925 A
4/l975 Stoecken
Mar. 13, 2007
Brad C. Cochran, Fort Collins, CO
(US); David Banks, Fort Collins, CO
(Us)
(Continued)
(73) Assignee: Terra Moya Aqua, Inc., Cheyenne,

WY (U S)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
CPP Wind Engineering and Air?ow Solutions for the built envi
(*)
Notice:
ronment; Cermak Peterka Petersoen, Inc.
U.S.C. 154(1)) by 0 days.
(Con?rmed)
Primary ExamineriNinh H. Nguyen
(21) Appl' NO" 11/284774
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiWilliam W. Cochran;
(22)
Cochran Freund & Young LLC
Filed:
N0 21, 2005
(65)

US 2006/0110243 A1
Disclosed are various embodiments of cross-Wind turbines

Continuation-in-part of application No, 10/831,515,
that are capable of providing high efficiencies over a Wide

range of Wind velocities. An airfoil stator causes Wind to
?led on Apr, 23, 2004, now Pat, No, 6,966,747 _
accelerate along its surface and creates a loW pressure area
_ _
on the leading face of the rotor blade during the poWer
(60) 520321821211 aPPIICFUO? NO'10/6_394I38 131421;

?ld
e
(51)
A M28535): app lcanon
on
pr
0'
stroke. A blocking stator blocks Wind from impeding the
movement of the rotor blades during the return cycle and
'
directs Wind onto the trailing face of the rotor blades during
Int C1
the poWer cycle. A large pressure diiferential is created
F0gp /04
(2006 01)
'
(52) US C14
_
(58)
ABSTRACT
May 25, 2006

_
(63)
(57)
between the leading face of the rotor blade and the trailing
_
'
_
'
face of the rotor blade during the poWer cycle Which creates
2/1D5I9 19
a large amount of force that rotates the rotor blade about the
'
central shaft. In some embodiments, gaps are provided
Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 415/1,
between the inside edge of the rotor blade and a Stationary
415/186 191 211'2 908 4'2 4'4 907; 416/197 A
shaft Which vents Wind collected by the rotor blade during
_ _
416/DIG' 4 BIG 9; 290/44 55
See apphcanon ?le for Complete Search hlstory'
certain portions of the rotation cycle. The vented Wind

increases the pressure on the trailing face of the rotor blades
(56)
References Cited
during the return cycle to further assist in the efficiency of

this system.

1,697,574 A *
1/1929
Sigurd ...................... .. 416/110
8/132 DIRECTION
PRIMARY
WIND FLOW
DIRECHON
I16
STATOR
06
83.0
GAP
GAP
IP26
128\
33,0
112 ROTOR BLADE \
114 SHAFT
TRAILING FACE 122 p110 ROTOR BLADE

12o LEADING FACE
13
DIRECTION
SURFACE
I I8
1 0O
CROSS-F LOW
WI N D TURBI NE
US007314346B2
(12)
(10) Patent N0.:

Vanderhye et a1.
(54)
THREE BLADED SAVONIUS ROTOR
(76) Inventors: Robert A. Vanderhye, 801 Ridge Dr.,

McLean, VA (US) 22101-1625; Michael
H. Dexter, 7535 Thistledown Trail,
Fairfax Station, VA (US) 22039; Aaron
L. Aldrich, 697 N. Creek Rd., Little
Falls, NY (US) 13365; Brad A. Rotsky,

11 Forsyth Ave., Somerset, MA (US)
Jan. 1, 2008
4,191,507 A
3/1980 DeBerg
4,274,011 A
6/1981 Gar?nkle
4,359,311 A *
4,362,470 A *
11/1982
12/1982
4,371,346 A *
4,715,776 A *
4,784,568 A *
2/1983
12/1987
11/1988
Benesh ................. .. 416/197A
Locastro et al. ...... .. 416/197A
(Continued)
02726; Justin R. Hascup, 354
Columbus Ave., Boston, MA (US)
US 7,314,346 B2
DE
4016622
11/1991
02116
(Continued)
Notice:

USC 154(b) by 148 days.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Blackwell et al, Wind Tunnel Performance Data for Two and Three
Bucket Savonius Rotors, Sandia Labs, SAND76-0131, Jul. 1977,

pp. 1,3,10-21 & 29-34.
(21) Appl. No.: 11/265,278

(22)
Filed:
(65)
US 2007/0098558 A1
(51)
(57)
May 3, 2007
operational characteristics superior to those of conventional
(2006.01)
three bladed rotors. The blades have high curvature and a
US. Cl. ................ .. 415/4.2; 415/907; 416/DIG. 2;
416/DIG. 9
(58)
Field of Classi?cation Search ............... ..
415/2.1,
415/4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 905, 907; 416/197 A,

416/243, DIG. 2, DIG. 9; 290/55
high skew factor, for example a curvature of greater than 7:1
(e.g. 2:1-5:1), and a skew factor of greater than 0.6 (e.g.

078-09). The rotor also includes at least one vertical shaft,
the blades operatively connected to the shaft. The rotor
typically has an aspect ratio of at least 2:1. The rotor
typically has a maximum power coefficient (Cp) of at least
References Cited
twice that of an otherwise identical rotor with a skew factor

of 0.5 or less. The rotor can drive a generator with a drive
which automatically increases the effective gear ratio as the

rotational speed of the rotor increases; or the rotor can be
connected to a propeller of a multihull wind powered boat.
(56)
1,697,574
1,768,765
2,677,344
4,156,580
ABSTRACT
A Savonius three bladed vertical axis wind turbine rotor has
Int. Cl.
F03D 3/06
(52)
(Continued)
Primary Examinerilgor Kershteyn
Nov. 3, 2005
A
A
A
A
1/1929
6/1930
5/1954
5/1979
Savonius
Savonius
Annis
Pohl
US007329965B2
(12)
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:
Roberts et a].
AERODYNAMIC-HYBRID VERTICAL-AXIS
6,020,725 A
6,172,429 B1*
1/2001
Russell ...................... .. 290/54
6,280,144 B1*
8/2001
Powers ................. .. 416/236A
6,800,955
Subject to any d1scla1mer, the term of this
290/44
s
..................... ..
Elder
120003 Themel
5/2004 Rowe
B2
10/2004
6,809,431 B1
McDavid, Jr.
10/2004 schippmann
6,841,394 B2
1/2005 Gomez Gomar
U.S.C. 154(b) by 183 days.
6,850,821 B2
2/2005 Weitkamp
6,853,096 B1
6,870,280 B2*
2/2005 Yu et al.
3/2005 Pechler ...................... .. 290/55
6,916,150 B2*
7/2005
(21)
Appl. NO.Z 11/145,523
(22)
Filed;
Jun_ 3, 2005
(65)
2004/0164561 Al*
US 2006/0275105 A1
(51)
3/2003
6,666,650 B1
6,740,989 B2
Not1ce:
2/2003 McDavid, Jr. ............. .. 290/54
6,538,340 B2
ID (Us)
gugln
6,518,680 B2 *
(73) Asslgnee. Novastron Corporation, Montpel1er,

_
2/2000 Roberts
Davld W Roberts Montpeher ID (Us)
Feb. 12, 2008
WIND TURBINE
(75) Inventors: Gary D. Roberts, Montpelier, 1D (US);
US 7,329,965 B2
Dec. 7, 2006
Int_ CL
F03D 9/00
(200601)
H02P 9/04
(2006.01)
Liang ............. ..
415/115
8/2004 NagaWa et al. ............. .. 290/55
2005/0006904 A1
1/2005 Bayer
2006/0056967 A1*
3/2006 Liang ..................... .. 416/97 R
* Cited by examiner
Primary Examinerilulio C. Gonzalez

(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiThorpe North & Western,
LLP
(52)
US. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44
(58)
Field 61 Classi?cation Search ................ .. 290/55,

290/54, 44, 43; 415/907, 4.2, 2.1;
416/7,
416/119 132 B
See application ?le for Complete Search history
57
ABSTRACT
)
_
An aerodynamlc-hybnd, vert1cal-ax1s W1nd turbme Which

includes a rotor airfoil and stator blade combination Which
maximizes energy production by increasing Wind velocity

(56)
References Cited
and pressure While eliminating back pressure and improving

the laminar How of Wind both around and through the

250,806 A
12/1881 Hamel
3,050,007 A *
4,236,866 A *
8/1962 Rydz ......................... .. 415/69

12/1980 Zapata Martinez ........ .. 415/4.4
5,075,564 A
5,254,876 A
12/1991 Hickey
10/1993 Hickey
5,380,149 A *
1/1995
5,391,926 A *
2/1995 Staley et al. .
5,463,257 A *
10/1995
5,664,418 A *
9/1997
Valsamidis ................ .. 415/2.1

Yea ........... ..
Walters
290/55
device. The rotor airfoils have a horizontal cross-section

With a crescent shape including a convex leading side and a
concave trailing side With a thicker middle section that
tapers to narrower sections at ends. The stator blades have a
horizontal cross-section With a planar side and a convex
side. Rotor airfoil and stator blade combinations are secured
between upper and loWer annular sails.
290/55
..................... .. 60/398
2-2
23a, 23b
US007344353B2
(10) Patent N0.:

Naskali et al.
(54)
HELICAL WIND TURBINE
1,835,018
4,012,163
4,115,027
4,142,822
4,180,367
(75) Inventors: Pertti H. Naskali, Oakville (CA);

Angus MacLean, Oakville (CA); Neil
C. C. Gray, Oakville (CA); J. Harry
4,260,325 A
Lewis, Dorchester (CA); A. Patrick
11/1982 Benesh
12/1987 Benesh
2/1995 Staley et a1.
Ontario (CA)
5,852,331 A
12/1998 Giorgini

6,481,957 B1
6,740,989 B2
6,849,965 B2
11/2002 Brill
5/2004 Rowe
2/2005 Le Nabour et al.
(51)
(57)
Nov. 16, 2006
Int. C].
F03D 7/06
(52)
(58)
Primary ExamineriEdWard K. Look

Assistant ExamineriDWayne J White
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4GoWan Intellectual Property
May 13, 2005
US 2006/0257240 A1
(2006.01)
U.S. Cl. ........................................ ..
415/4.2; 415/71
Field of Classi?cation Search ............... ..
415/4.2,
415/4.5, 31, 4.7, 907; 416/176,196 A

(56)
References Cited
250,806 A
1,697,574 A
1,766,765 A
Gilman ...................... .. 416/51
* cited by examiner
(21) Appl. No.: 11/128,251

(65)
4/1981 Cymara
4,359,311 A
4,715,776 A
5,391,926 A
U.S.C. 154(b) by 217 days.
Filed:
Darrieus
Baumgartner et al.
Thomas
Herbert et a1.
Drees
10/1981
(73) Assignee: ArroWind Corporation, Oakville,
(22)
12/1931
3/1977
9/1978
3/1979
12/1979
Mar. 18, 2008
4,293,274 A *
NeWall, Victoria (CA)
Notice:
A
A
A
A
A
US 7,344,353 B2
12/1881 Hamel
1/1929 Savonius
6/1930 Savonius
ABSTRACT
A vertical axis Wind turbine Wherein the blades of the rotor

section of the Wind turbine comprise at least sections
Wherein the blades have a non-linear con?guration in the Z
axis. In a preferred embodiment, the blades of the rotor
section have a linear trailing edge With a non-linear, and
preferably helical, surface con?guration. This particular

design alloWs the blades to provide both a rotational force
and a positive or negative lift component. Further, the blades

de?ne an open area in the center of the rotor section through
Which air How can pass in order to create a vertical vortex
of air. As such, a more efficient vertical axis Wind turbine
provided.
US007360995B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Suzuki
(54)
VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL
(58)
(73) Assignees; Global Energy Co, Ltd, (JP);

Kabushiki Kaisha FJC (JP)
Notice:
Field of Classi?cation Search .......... .. 416/210 R,

(56)
References Cited
*

2,224,851 A * 12/1940 Lea ...................... .. 416/200 A
USC' 154(1)) by 0 days
4,065,225 A
4,255,085 A *
(21)
Appl' NO:
10/576960
(22)
PCT Filed:
Oct. 21, 2004
(86)
PCT No.:
PCT/JP2004/015597
(2), (4) Date:
12/1977 Allison
416/200 A
3/1981 Evans
416/197A
4,264,279 A *
4/1981
Dereng ................. .. 416/197A
4,362,469 A *
12/1982
van Holten ............... .. 416/191
4,530,644 A *
7/1985 Van Holten ............... .. 416/175
371 (c)(1),
(87)
Apr. 22, 2008
416/210 A, 211, 200 R, 200 A, 201 R, 201 A,

416/175, 203, 191, 223 R, 228, 235, 236 R,
416/236 A, 237, 197 A, DIG. 2; 415/42,
415/44, 907
(75) Inventor: Masahiko Suzuki, Hamamatsu (JP)
(*)
US 7,360,995 B2
May 24, 2006
PCT Pub. No.: WO2005/038251
JP
53-113940
9/1978
JP
57-146066 A *
9/1982
JP
63-154865 A * 6/1988
JP
2000-234582 A
8/2000
JP
2002-235656 A *
8/2002
PCT Pub. Date: Apr. 28, 2005
(Continued)
(65)

US 2007/0071604 A1
(30)
Primary Examiner4Christopher Verdier
Mar. 29, 2007
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiOstrolenk, Faber, Gerb &

SoiTen, LLP

(57)
Oct. 22, 2003
(JP)
........................... .. 2003-362284
ABSTRACT
Dec. 10, 2003
(JP)
2003-412043
Dec_ 26 2003
Jan 26 2004
(JP)
(JP)
2003433854
2004016436
Jun 30 2004
(JP)
2004494381
installation sections, and in Which a plurality of vertically
Oct. 20, 2004
(JP)
........................... .. 2004-305014
long blades each of Which has a tilted Part at the upper and
A vertical axis Windmill in Which a support frame is pro

vided as a Wind poWer dam to form a plurality of shaft
loWer ends respectively are disposed in multi-levels to
(51) Int_ CL
improve Wind-receiving poWer thereby providing a Wind
F03D 3/06
(52)
us. Cl. ................ ..
(200601)
416/211; 416/175; 416/200 R;
416/201 A; 416/203; 416/210 R; 416/223 R;

416/228; 416/237; 416/DIG. 2
poWer generator With loW installation cost and increased

total POW?r generation P?r a main area
1 Claim, 11 Drawing Sheets
US007494315B2
(12) Unlted States Patent
(10) Patent N0.2
Hart
(54)
HELICAL TAPER INDUCED VORTICAL

FLOW TURBINE
4,718,821 A
5,405,246 A
6,015,258 A
(76) Inventor: James R. Hart, 3612 Cheshire Ave.,

.
(21)
(22)
Nome:
6,465,899 B2
10/2002
R b It
6,923,615 B2 *
8/2005 clinic; .................... .. 415/41
6 935 841 B2
800% Rainbow
U-S-C- 154(1)) by 371 days-
6,984,899 B1 *
7,040,859 B2
1/2006 Rice ......................... .. 415/42

5/2006 Kane
7,344,353 B2
3/2008 Naskali et al.
2004/0061337 A1
2005/0106023 A1*
May 5, 2006

US 2007/0258806 A1
4/2004 Becker
5/2005 Palley ...................... .. 416/176
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
NOV. 8, 2007
Mehta, R., et al. Design rules for small low speed Wind tunnels,.
Technical Notes, TheAeronautical Journal ofthe Royal Aeronautical
Int, Cl,
Society, 443-49 (Nov. 1979).
F03B 3/12
(200601)
Nam, K., et al. Stability of spiral Wave vortex ?laments with phase
_
twists,
52) 8' C" """" 'ii5771'?'ii's/iiziliikligiifi$13911

_
(58)
sublectto any dlsclalmer. the term Ofthls
(65)
(51)
Sorlov
8/2002 Jaakkola
Appl- No: 11/418,786

Filed:
13;
6,428,275 B1
Feb. 24, 2009
1/1988 Clancy
4/1995 Goldberg
1/2000 Taylor
i
,
Carlsbad CA (Us) 92010

(*)
US 7,494,315 B2
Fleld 0f Classl?catlon Search ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 415/42:
415/4.4, 64, 71, 176, 907; 416/197 A

(56)
References Cited
274,541 A
1,027,501 A
1,100,332 A
1,519,447 A *
3/1883 Zwiebel
5/1912 Smith
6/1914 Pearson
12/1924
Fortier-Beaulieu ........ .. 415/186
1,697,574 A
1,766,765 A
1/1929 Savonius
6/1930 Savonius
3,941,504 A *
4,218,175 A *
4,236,866 A *
3/1976
8/1980
12/1980
Snarbach .............. .. 416/197A

Carpenter .............. .. 415/219.1
Zapata Martinez ......... .. 415/4.4
4,293,274
4,357,130
4,652,206
4,715,776
10/1981
11/1982
3/1987
12/1987
Gilman
Forrest
Yeoman
Benesh
A
A
A
A
Physical
ReviewiThe
American
Physical
Society,
89g
Umur, H., et al Laminar and turbulent forced convection in accel
erating and decelerating curved ?ows, Research Articles, Current
Science, 87(9):1237-43 (Nov. 2004).

_
(Continued)
Primary ExamineriIgor Kershteyn
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4Gordon & Rees, LLP
(57)
ABSTRACT
A turbine generator system, having: a rotatable base; and a

plurality of rotor vanes extending from the rotatable base,
Wherein each of the rotor vanes have helical tapered inner and
outer surfaces, and Wherein each of the rotor vanes is curved
to catch ?oW perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the
rotatable base and to direct the How into a vortical ?oW
between the inner surfaces of the rotor vanes.
US007633177B2
(12) Ulllted States Patent
(10) Patent N0.:
Platt
(54)
(75)
REDUCED FRICTION WIND TURBINE
5,852,331 A
6,147,415 A
11/2000 Fukada
6,158,953 A *
12/2000
6,160,336 A
12/2000 Baker, Jr. et a1.
Inventor:
Michael D. Platt, Yates C1ty, IL (US)
(US)
.
Not1ce:
Subject to any d1scla1mer, the term of th1s
(21) APP1- NO-I 11/747,531

.
Flled:
May 11, 2007
(65)
US 2007/0241567 A1
Oct. 18, 2007
t .................... .. 415/44
amon
2/2001 Elder
6,215,199 B1
4/2001 Lysenko e161.
6,224,338
5/2001
B1
Ch ' t 111'
Us a l
5/2001 Roskey
6,239,507 B1
5/2001 Douthit
6,242,818 B1
6/2001 Smedley
6,246,125 B1
6/2001 Axtell
6,254,034 B1
7/2001
6,270,308 B1*
8/2001
Groppel .................... .. 415/43
6,285,090 B1
9/2001 Brutsaert et al.
6320273 B1
12/1998 Giorgini
6,191,496 B1
6239506 B1
U_S_C_ 154(1)) by 337 days_
(22)
Dec. 15, 2009
APPARATUS AND METHOD
(73) Assignee: Natural Forces, LLC, Edelstein, IL

(*)
US 7,633,177 B2
Pen er
0001 Name
6,361,275 B1
3/2002 Wobben
6,400,039 B1
6/2002 Wobben
(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/105,945,

?led on Apr. 14, 2005, noW Pat. No. 7,235,893.
(51) Int Cl
(Continued)
F03D 3/04
(2006-01)
Primary ExamineriNicholas Ponomarenko
(52)
US. Cl. ............................ .. 290/54; 290/43; 290/55
('74) Allgrney Agent, or FirmiRobert C, Haldiman; Husch
(58)
Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 290/42,
Blackwell Sanders LLP
290/43, 44, 52, 53, 54, 55

(56)
(57)
ABSTRACT
References Cited
1,233,232 A
1,352,960 A
7/1917 Heyroth
9/1920 Heyroth
4,015,911 A
4/1977 Darvishian
4,031,405 A
4,350,900 A
6/1977 Asperger
9/1982 Baughman
4,551,631 A *
4,589,970
4,720,640
5,038,049
5,044,878
A
A
A
A
5,083,899 A *
11/1985
Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55
A ?uid ?oW energy capture device for poWer generation has a

rotor With a substantially vertical axis and a plurality of vanes.
A mount for the rotor alloWs the rotor to rotate in response to
?uid ?oW such as Wind contacting the plurality of vanes, and

the mount puts the rotor in rotationally driving communica
tion With a generator. The rotor has an open center Which
alloWs ?uid communication from spaces betWeen the vanes to
5/1986
1/1988
8/1991
9/1991
Ligtenberg et a1.
above the rotor. A plurality of guide surfaces de?ne channels
Anderson et a1.
Kato
Wilhelm
that bias ?uid ?oW to be tangential to the rotor.
1/1992
Koch ........................ .. 415/21
100
1,113
US007677862B2

Boatner
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH
4,087,202 A *
ARTICULATING ROTOR
4,184,084 A
4,299,537 A
(76) Inventor: Bruce E. Boatner, 1212 E. Riversong
2
,
Dr" Eagle ID (Us) 83616
( * ) Notice:
US 7,677,862 B2

.
Appl. N0.: 11/635,308
(22)
Filed:
(65)
Us 2008/0095608 A1
1(5);
gryor S
rice,
gmsey
lkes
11/2001 Nemec
6/2002 Hogue et a1. .......... .. 416/132A
4/2003
6,688,842 B2
2/2004 Boatner
Polen ........................ .. 416/17
6/2004 Boatner
10/2006 Hartman .................... .. 416/17
* cited by examiner
APr- 24, 2008
Primary ExamineriEdWard Look
Assistant ExamineriRyan H Ellis
r.
11/1983 Brenneman
6,402,472 B1 *
7,118,341 B2 *
1/ 1980 Crehore
11/1981 Evans
6,543,999 B1*
6,749,394 B2
Dec. 7, 2006
5/1978 Musgrove .................. .. 416/41
SA
6,320,273 B1
U-S-C- 154(1)) by 698 days-
(21)
4,415,312 A
Mar. 16, 2010
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiLoyal McKinley Hanson

(51)
(52)
(58)
?led on Aug. 7, 2006, noW abandoned.
(57)
Int. Cl.
F03D 7/06
(2006.01)
us. Cl. ....................... .. 415/42; 415/907; 416/144
AVAWT Wind engine includes a support structure, an articu

lating rotor mounted on the support structure for rotation
aboutavenically extending axis, andatleast one airfoil onrhe
Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 415/42,
rotor for rotor-Powering Purposes The articulating rotor is
415/44 907; 416/110 111, 117, 118, 132 R

416/132 B 148
mounted in a manner enabling tilting movement of the rotor

during rotation so that the airfoil produces rotor rotation and
rotor tilt as the airfoil orbits the rotational axis. At least one
mechanical linkage is included to actively vary airfoil pitch
according to rotor tilt. The partially articulating rotor of a
(56)
References Clted
226,357 A
232,205 A
237,851 A *
1,800,470 A *
1,835,018 A
2,038,467 A
ABSTRACT
teetering-rotor embodiment seesaWs up and doWn about a
horiZontally extending pivotal axis. The fully articulating
4/1880 Saccone
9/1880 Preston
rotor of another embodiment supports three airfoils as it tilts

in any direction by virtue of a gimbal or other rotor hub
2/1881
4/1931
assembly providing a 360-degree sWiveling action, While

furling hinges help protect the airfoils against damaging
Foskett ...................... .. 416/80

Oehmichen ................ .. 416/40
12/1931 Darrieus
4/1936 Zanoski
2,465,285 A *
3/1949
2,481,750 A
9/1949 Hiller et a1.
Winds during Wind engine shutdoWn.
Schwickerath ............. .. 416/41
US007679206B1
(10) Patent N0.:
Green
(54)
WIND POWER APPARATUS
(76)
Inventor:
0 Raymond Green, PO BOX 1045,

Jackson, CA (Us) 95642
( ) Nome"
subleclto any 3531mm? the germgftglg

'
(22) Filed:
'
'
( )
ays'

e
(51)
981,077 A *
1/1911
Feldner ................. .. 415/2101
11/1978
Loeb .................... .. 244/153 R
4,218,175 A *
8/1980 Carpenter .............. .. 415/2191
4,276,033
6/1981
Krovina . . . . .
5,669,758
9/1997
Williamson
7,044,718 B1 *
6/2005 Mercier et a1. .
. . . . . . . . ..
440/8
416/4
290/44
5/2006 Platts ....................... .. 417/405
2002/0033019 A1 *
3/2002
Mizzi ........................ .. 60/398
2008/0303285 A1*
12/2008
Bondhus .................... .. 290/54
Feb. 7, 2007
* Cited by examiner
Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/233,112,
?ld
Mar. 16, 2010
4,124,182 A *
6,903,466 B1 *
1??? llssixgelt 6350f; Juste un er
(63)
US 7,679,206 B1
on
ep
.23 2005
Int. Cl.
F03D 9/00
H02P 9/04
now
Pt.N .7176584.
a
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
Przmary Exammerilulio C. Gonzalez
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiTheodore J. Bielen, Jr.
(57)
ABSTRACT
(52)
U..S. Cl. ...... .... ...... ... ........................ .. 290/44; 290/55
A Wind power apparatus utilizing an anchor which is romp
(58)
Field of Classl?catlonsearch ................. 290/43,

290/44 54 55 415/7 2'1 4'2 4'5 606%
ably ?xed to a Surface A Chute attaches to the anchor and is

provided With a chamber. A restrictor is located in the cham
(56)
4_16/7 132 B

References Cited
her to concentrate the WindWithin an annular area of the chute
and direct it to a poWer generator Via one or more nozzles. The

poWer generator is then used to produce electricity, move an
object, and the like.

US PATENT DOCUMENTS
833,184 A *
10/1906
Terzian ..................... .. 415/4.5
US007744338B2
(10) Patent No.:
DeRuyter et al.
(54)
FLUID TURBINE SYSTEMS
3,895,882 A
3,918,839 A
(75)
US 7,744,338 B2
Inventors: William DeRuyter, Norco, CA (US);
3 970 409 A
Michael AllaWos, Glendora, CA (US);
Peter L COye Claremom CA (Us)
Jun. 29, 2010
7/1975 Moyer
11/1975 Blackwell et al.
7/1976 Luchuk
3,995,170 A
11/1976 Grayb1ll
(73) Assignee: California Energy & Power, Glendora,

CA
(*)
Notice:
(U )
(Continued)

USC. 154(b) by 73 days.
JP
2005-113896 A
4/2005
(21) Appl.No.: 12/268,274

(22) Filed:
NOV. 10, 2008
(65)
(Continued)

Us 2010/0054910A1
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Mar- 4: 2010
PCT International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US2009/

053934; dated Mar. 29, 2010.

. .
Primary ExamineriRichard Edgar
(60) 51023131801181 appl1cat1on No. 61/094,386, ?led on Sep.
'
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 7/06
(52)
US. Cl. ..................................................... ..
(2006.01)
(57)
415/3 1 41 4 2
See a lication ?le for Com lete Search ilis'to ' '
pp
p
1y
(56)
References Cited
600,893 A
3/1898 Schmucker
698,409 A *
4/1902
767,080 A
8/1904 Phillips
A
A
A
A
A
2,335,817 A *
l/l929
6/1930
6/1931
6/1931
8/1939
11/1943
ABSTRACT
415/21
(58) Field of cfllzs/igcaltimbselagcil 1451/3?
1,697,574
1,766,765
1,808,874
1,810,113
2,169,149
(74) Attorney] Agent] or FirmiKnObbe Martens Olson &

Bear, LLP
Neuser ..................... .. 415/21
Savonius
Savonius
Wilson
SchlotZhauer
Johanson
Topalov .................... .. 415/42
Various ?uid turbine systems and methods are described. The

turbine can be a Vertical axis Wind turbine con?gured to
generate poWer from Wind energy. The turbine system can
have a blade assembly. The blade assembly can have a plu
rality of blades rotatable about an axis. The turbine system

can have a concentrator positionable upWind and in front of a
return side of the blade assembly. The concentrator can de?ne
a convex surface facing the Wind. The turbine system can also
have a Variable concentrator positionable upWind of a push
side of the blade assembly. The Variable concentrator can be
adjustable betWeen a ?rst position and a second position, the

Variable concentrator being capable of de?ecting more Wind
toWard the turbine in the ?rst position than in the second
position.
US007744345B1
(10) Patent N0.:
Pohribnak
(54) WIND POWER GENERATOR

(76)
Inventor:
US 7,744,345 B1
(56)
Victor E. Pohribnak, PO. Box 400,
Jun. 29, 2010
References Cited
US' PATENT DOCUMENTS
5,038,049 A *
Bismarck, ND (US) 58502
8/1991
Kato ........................... .. 416/9
* cited by examiner
Notice:

U.S.C. 154(b) by 644 days.
Primary ExamineriRichard Edgar
(57)
ABSTRACT
A vertical axis Wind turbine provides a rotor assembly Which

rotates on bearing assemblies af?xed to a rotor shaft sup
(21) Appl. No.: 11/818,855

(22)
(51)
Filed:
means to provide poWer by direct mechanical linkage or to

drive an electrical generator. The rotor assembly is partially
enclosed by a housing. Attached to the side of the housing is
Jun. 18, 2007
Int. C].
a Wind vane. Attached to the bottom side of the housing are
F03D 3/04
(52)
(58)
ported by a base, the rotor assembly having vertical blades

mounted betWeen top and bottom plates, and poWer takeoff
(2006.01)
US. Cl. .......................................... ..
416/9; 415/4.2
Field of Classi?cation Search ................... ..
416/9;
rollers. The Wind vane, in combination With the rollers, act to

rotate the housing to a position that Will permit the Wind to act
upon the exposed vertical blades.
415/4.2, 4.4, 48, 49

40
20
12
28
14
58
60
US007759812B2

Taylor et al.
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:
US 7,759,812 B2
INTEGRATED POWER PLANT THAT
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
UTILIZES RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE
ENERGY SOURCES
Jul. 20, 2010
Ben Kroposkl and Carolyn Elam,- Renewable Electrolysls Integrated
System Development and Test1ng, Nat10nal Renewable Energy
(75) Inventors: Ronald J. Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US);

Scott J. Taylor, Cheyenne, WY (US)
Laboratory May 25 2004'
(73) Assignee: Terra Moya Aqua, Inc., Cheyenne, WY

(Us)
(Continued)
Primary Examinerilulio Gonzalez
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiWilliam W. Cochran;
(*)

Cochran Freund & Young LLC
U.S.C. 154(1)) by 415 days.
(57)
Notice:
(21) Appl' NO: 11/747857

(22)
Filed:
A large pressure differential is created between the leading
May 11, 2007

.
(65)
face of the rotor blade and the trailing face of the rotor blade
.
during the power cycle which creates a large amount of force
US 2007/0267874 A1
ABSTRACT
that rotates the rotor blade about the central shaft. In some
Nov 22, 2007
embodiments, gaps are provided between the inside edge of
the rotor blade and a stationary shaft which vents wind col
lected by the rotor blade during certainportions of the rotation
(63) continuation_in_pan of application NO 11/685,365,

?led on Man 13, 2007, HOW Pat NO_ 7,347,660, which
cycle. The vented wind increases the pressure on the trailing

face of the rotorblades durmg the return cycle to further ass1st
is a continuation of application No. 11/284 774- ?led

on
1:0
i1
ZQOSaIrItOWfPat'
I1\.IO'
t718iI0501
87811501115115
5
Con mua lon'm'p
O app lea Ion 0'
1n the ef?clgnfiy1sc01fose
thlds tlslystem'
addmon a1} lmegragid
at prov1 es a source 0 renewa e
energy
in the form of a cross-?ow wind turbine that includes
solar cells mounted on south facing surfaces of the stators.
power p ant 1s
?led on Apr 23 2004 HOW Pat NO 6966747'
The stators can be used to store liquids and fuels generated by
(60) Provisional application No. 60/467,773, ?led on Apr.

30 2003, provisional application No_ 60/639,448
the renewable energy Sources~ Elecmcal Power generate/(Thy

the renewable energy sources 'can be used 1n a desahnatlon
?led on Dec 23 200 4

'
(51)
process to generate pure drmkmg water that can be stored 1n

'
the stator devices. Electrical energy generated by the renew
IIlt- Cl-
able energy sources can be used in an electrolysis device to
F03D 9/00
(2006.01)
generate oxygen and hydrogen gases. The oxygen and hydro
H02P 9/04
(2006.01)
gen gases can be used to operate a fuel cell to generate
(52)
us. Cl. ......................................... .. 290/44; 290/55
electricity When neede<_1~ The hydrogen 04119150 be used to
(58)
Operate a hyimgen engine that ms an auxlhary generator to
290/55- 60/398 698 641 ' 12 659- 416/132

B'
_
415/191 4'4 126 907 2'1 4'1 4'5 1 210/153
_
(56)
210/170 2623 172'1 252
See apphcanon ?le for Complete Search hlstoryReferences Cited

201,400 A
SUPPIY auxlhary electncil POW?rawlhen

need?1~ A bilqfuei
gas engme, or
1ese
englne, propane gas engme, na
engine can also be used to run the auxiliary generator.

Mechanical power from the wind turbine can be used to run
mechanical pumps to pump water to a reservoir at a higher

elevation, which can then be used to run a water turbine that
is connected to the auxiliary generator to generate electrical
power when needed.
3/1878 Everhart
(Continued)
AIRFOIL
STATOR/TANK
STATOR/TANK
3014
3010
STATOFVTAN K
3006
j
5
@3003
~
SOLARCELLS
\aooz
ROTOR
SOLAR CELLS
3009
3000
INTEGRATED
POWER PLANT
3004
HOUSING FOR
EQUIPMENT
US007766600B1
(12) Umted States Patent
(10) Patent N0.:
Vanderhye et a].
(54)
US 7,766,600 B1
SAVONIUS ROTOR WITH SPILLOVER
2,677,344 A
(75) Inventors: Robert A. Vanderhye, 801 Ridge Dr.,

McLean, VA (US) 22101; Mike Augello,
Troy, NY (US); Terrance Nicol, Troy,
NY (US); Chris Rees, Troy, NY (US);
James Shedd, lntervale, NH (US);
Aug. 3, 2010
5/1954 Annis
(Continued)
William ZbytnieWski Troy NY (Us)
CH
147730 A
9/1931
........... .. 416/197 A
(73) Assignee: Robert A. Vanderhye, McLean, VA
(US)
(*)
Notice:
(Continued)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Patent 15 extended or adJusted under 35
Khan, Model and Prototype Performance Characteristics of
U~S~C- 15403) by 1230 days
Savonius Rotor Windmill; Wind Engineering, vol. 2, No. 2, 1978,

pp. 75-85.
(21) Appl. No.: 10/854,280
(Continued)
(22)
Filed:
May 27, 2004
Primary ExammeriNinh H Nguyen

(57)
ABSTRACT

?led on May 23, 2003.
(60) Provisional application No. 60/386,569, ?led on Jun.
A Savomus Vemcal axls -W1nd turbme rotor has ?rst and
(51)
tially vertical edges

more closely horizontally
spaced
from
.
.
.
.
7 2002
'
Int. Cl.
F03D 3/00
(200601)
second curved vanes having remote substantlally vert1cal

edges Widely spaced form each other, and proximate substan
eagh otherland horizolntally olverllaptping are 2158061211101? W11I111Ia

su stant1a y vertica
centra
s a
constructlon.
e s a t
(52)
US Cl """""""""""" " us/4Z1
(58)
Field of Classi?cation Search ........... .. 416/132 A,
Construction may comprise a perforated Shaft (eg a Single
416/132 B 142 194 195 196 A 197 A

416/93 R 198 R 198 A 200 R _200 A 210 R
416010 A 211 240 DIG 6 415/42 4'4
perforated shaft), or multiple shafts. In any event, the shaft

construction, and mounting of the rotor vanes, alloW, during
use, spillover ofWind from the proximate edge of one vane to
(56)
construction is operatively connected to the vanes and mounts
'
415/907
the vanes and adjacent the proximate edges. The central shaft
another vane during poWered rotation of the vanes in response

References Cited
to Wind. The rotor is preferably omni-directional. The rotor

may have a third set of vanes, and different vertically spaced
other. The rotor may be in combination With a mount to
sets of vanes circumferentially offset With respect to each

683,935 A *
10/1901
Hensel ..................... .. 415/4.4
1,602,853 A *
10/1926
Maher .................. .. 416/197A
1,697,574 A
1,766,765 A
1/1929 Savonius
6/1930 Savonius
provide a Wind turbine, and may be in combination With a

driven device such as a generator, propeller, or pump.
[38
Generator,
pump, etc.
US007811060B2
(10) Patent No.:
Vanderhye
(54)
US 7,811,060 B2
VAWT CLUSTER AND INDIVIDUAL
4,830,570 A *
Oct. 12, 2010
5/1989 Benesh ..................... .. 415/4.4
SUPPORTING ARRANGEMENTS
(76)
Inventor:
Robert A. Vanderhye, 801 Ridge Dr.,
McLean, VA (US) 22101-1625

(*)
Notice:
(Commued)

SE
521083
9/2003
U.S.C. 154(b) by 839 days.
(21) App1.N0.: 11/701,480

(22)
Filed:
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
_
Feb. 2, 2007
(65)
Johnson, Gary L.; Wind Energy Systems; Chapter 1, Sec. 5, Innova
Us 2007/0212225 A1
Sep. 13, 2007
(60) Provisional application No. 60/781,342, ?led on Mar.
tive Wind Turbines; Nov. 20, 2001; pp. 1-16 thru l-l8.
Primary ExamineriEdward Look

Assistant ExamineriRyan H Ellis
57
ABSTRACT
( )
13, 2006, provisional application No. 60/796,542,

?led on May 2 2006'
(51)
9/26
One or more vertical axis Wind turbines (VAWT), preferably

of the Savonius type, are mounted in a relatively simple and
inexpensive manner. For a single VAWT a center pole may be
(2006 01)
'
disposed Within a holloW shaft of the VAWT With at least
(52)
US. Cl. ...... .... ......
416/120; 415/907; 416/D1G. 6
upper and lower bearings acting between the Sha? and Center
(58)
Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 52/146;
pO1e_ Alternatively a Short tower or platfonn may mount a
_60/_398; 4l5/2-li4-5s 905*908; _416/DIG- 6

(56)
See aPPhCallOn ?le for Complete Search hlstoryReferences Cited

1,008,148 A *
11/1911
Hibbs ........................ .. 415/18
1,471,870 A
10/1923 Tust
2,252,523 A
8/1941
Plotkin ..................... .. 415/4.4

Kurakake
4,095,422 A *
6/1978
4,156,580 A
5/1979 Pohl
4,165,468 A *
8/1979
Fry et a1. .................... .. 290/55
4,184,084 A *
1/1980
Crehore ..................... .. 290/55
4,359,311 A
4,496,847 A
4,500,259 A
4,764,683 A *
.................. .. 60/398
11/1982 Benesh
1/1985 Parkins
2/1985 Schumacher
8/1988
Coombes ................... .. 290/55
loWer bearing (e. g. about 4-14 feet off the ground) for the
VAWT shaft, and an upper bearing for the shaft may be
mounted by an outrigger. The outrigger is connected at a
number of different points (e. g. different arms) by strands
(such as steel cables) to stationary supports. Where multiple
VAWTs are provided, them may be in a cluster. Each VAWT
in the cluster has a structural support in common With at least
one otherVAWT of the cluster, and each VAWT is operatively

connected to a separate useful driven mechanism (such as an
electricity or fuel gas generator). EachVAWT typically has an

outrigger mounting an upper bearing, With strands, rods, or
bars, connecting outriggers of adj acent VAWTs together. Dif

ferent VAWTs in the cluster preferably rotate in different
directions.
US007816802B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Green
(54)
(76)
(*)
ELECTRICITY GENERATINGASSEMBLY
Inventor:
Notice:
2,240,290 A *
4/1941
Du Brie ..................... .. 415/4.2
5/1972
ThOeIl ...................... .. 74/102
WilliamMGreen, PO BOX 278,
3,793,530 A
2/1974 Carter ....................... .. 290/55
ROberSOnV111e,NC (U$)27871
4,012,163 A
3/1977 Baumgartner et a1.
4,088,419 A *
5/1978 H
4 115 027 A *
4,134,710 A *
9/1978 T5521;
41563 1
1/1979 Atherton ................... .. 416/117
4,156,580 A *
5/1979
P6111 ......................... .. 415/42
8/1984
Schwarz
Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis

llatselg llssixgeltdegoo7rdadlusted under 35
'
'
ays'
Filed;
4,464,579 A
()ct_4,2007
(65)
'
Related U_s_Application Data
4,551,631 A
11/1985
415/164
Trigilio ..................... .. 290/55
4,606,697 A *
8/1986 Appel ...................... .. 415/4.4
4,725,194 A
2/1988 Bartsch .................... .. 415/42
4,834,610 A *
5/1989
4,864,152 A *
9/1989 Pedersen
5,038,049 A
8/1991
5 126 584 A
@1992 0331a
Provisional application No. 60/849,842, ?led on Oct.
415/44
. . 290/44
12/1984 McVey .... ..
Jul 17 2008
415/2083
111.
4,486,143 A *

Us 2008/0169652A1
(60)
Oct. 19, 2010
3,662,610 A *
'
(22)
US 7,816,802 B2
6, 2006, provisional application No. 60/915,591, ?led
Bond, 111 ................. .. 415/533
Kt
. 290/53
......................... .. 290/55
290/55
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "
on May 2, 2007.
(51) Int. Cl.
(Continued)
F03D 9/00
52
(2006.01)
H02P
9/04
(2006.01)
us. Cl. .......................... .. 290/55- 290/44- 415/4.2-
( )
(58)
31 0/1 5 4 01
Field ofClassi?cation Search ................. .. 290/44,
290/55' 415/4.2' 310/154.01

(56)
References Cited
9/1869
Piher ......................... .. 415/45
5/1870 Heald
415/33
169,051 A
10/1875 Short
. 4l5/4.2
177,597 A
222,256 A *
232,558 A *
5/1876
12/1879
9/1880
Ward ..... ..
4l5/4.2
DeWees .................... .. 415/155
Smith ....................... .. 4l5/4.2
250,806
12/1881
Hamel
273,642 A *
485,933
.....
. . . ..
3/1883 Toombs
4l5/4.2
4l5/4.2
ll/l892
1,382,591 A *
6/1921
Ackermann ..
4l5/4.2
1,396,172 A *
ll/l92l
Fear .......... ..
429/64
1,966,352 A
Herman
(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiRoylance, Abrams, Berdo &

GOOdmaHL'L'P'
57
ABSTRACT
( )
rotatable fan blades. A generator is connected to the plurality
103,742 A
Zrl/WW
ifam"?er*TPCdFatJe1Cuevas
mam mmmerf e O
A electricity generating assembly includes a plurality of

94,641 A *
... .. ..
. . . ..
416/119
of fan blades to convert rotation of the fan blades into elec
tricity. A plurality of shutters surround the plurality of fan

blades. The plurality of shutters are movable between a ?rst
position in Which said plurality of shutters are open to alloW
access to the plurality of fan blades and a second position in
Which the plurality of shutters are closed to prevent access to
the plurality of fan blades. A motor is connected to the plu

rality of shutters to move the plurality of shutters between the
?rst and second positions.

7/1934 Mahony .................... .. 416/75
30
4
2s
7
s\
I
|\
41
( 52
2a
61
e1
5
8
55
_/-25
16
1.1
13
as
15
7:1
65
"\,a0
53
US007866938B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Kariya
(54)
(75)
US 7,866,938 B2
Jan. 11, 2011
VERTICAL AXIS WINDMILL WITH
4,047,834 A
9/1977 Magoveny et a1.
GUIDING DEVICES
4,269,563 A
5/1981 Sharak et a1.
Inventor:
Vinod Kumar Chamanlal Kariya,
Gujarat (IN)
(Continued)
(73) Assignee: Anandbhai Chunilal Vora, Gujarat (IN)

(*)
Notice:

/
FR
2432102 A1
2 1980
U.S.C. l54(b) by 672 days.

21
( )
pp
1. No.:
11/813 966
(Continued)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(22)
PCT Frled:
Feb. 27, 2006
(86)
PCT NO
PCT/IN2006/000064
International Search Report for PCT/IN2006/000064.
371 (OX1),
(2) (4) Date:
Jul 13 2007
Primary ExamineriNinh H Nguyen

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4Caesar, Rivise, Bernstein,
(87)
PCT Pub. N0.: W02007/010551
Cohen & Pokonlow Ltd
PCT Pub. Date: Jan. 25, 2007
(57)
(65)
ABSTRACT
_
The mstant mvent1on deals W1th the solut1on to technical
Us Zoos/0131281 A1
_
(30)
(IN)
?aWs of existing vertical axis Windmills in Which the Wind
strikes simultaneously on inward and outward facing sides of
rotor blades Which reduce e?iciency. Hence, this invention,
................................. .. 326/2005
Int Cl
F033 3/04
(58)
Forelgn Apphcatlon Prmnty Data
Mar. 22, 2005

(51)
Jun 5 2008
_
i.e., the vertical axis Windmill With Wind guiding device,

includes vertical plates Which are ?xed from the bottom of a
base structure to the top of a rotor in an annular array. In
(200601)
betWeen any tWo vertical plates, inclined plates are ?xed from
U-S. Cl. ...................... ..

_
_
_ 416/197 A; 416/243; 416/244 R
Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 4l5/4.4,
the bottom Of the base Structure to the top Of the base Struc_
ture. These plates are tilted toWards the concave side of the
rotor blades_ The Vertical and inclined plates are ?xed in
415/183 224 907; 416/197 A 243 244 R;
angular and radial directions so that Whenever the Wind bloWs
_ 290/44 55
from any direction, it gets compressed and then is diverted
toWards the Wind receiving blades. Also the vertical plates
References Cited
protect the convex side of the rotor blades from Wind While
(56)
1,595,578 A
diverting the Wind toWards the Wind receiving blades.
8/1926 Sovereign
)5
W 1i 17/
.7_8
n- 6
-- 3
Pers e tive Vie
f Windmill
with Wind Guidinq Device
US007946802B1
(10) Patent N0.:
Iskrenovic
(54)
US 7,946,802 B1
WIND TURBINE UTILIZING WIND
(56)
May 24, 2011
References Cited
DIRECTING SLATS
(75)
Inventor:
Zoran Iskrenovic, Nis (RS)
772,786 A
10/1904 Clifford
4,015,911 A *
(73) Assignee: Seven International Group, Inc., Los

a
(*)
Notice:
4/1977
Darvishian ................. .. 416/119
gilt h
SC
Angeles CA (Us)
4,935,639 A
6,962,478 B2
7,591,635 B2
6/1990 Yeh
2009/0066088 A1
11/2005 Tsipov
9/2009 Ryu et a1.
3/2009 LiaI_1g
_
USC' 1546)) by 0 days'
2009/0315332 A1
12/2009 ShelkhreZal
(21)
Appl. No.: 12/910,580
(22)
Filed:

56113068 A * 9/198l
JP
*
Oct. 22, 2010
ted by exammer
_
Primary Examiner * Richard Edgar
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Fish & Associates, PC
(60) Ilgoigilznal application No. 61/323,500, ?led on Apr.
(57)
ABSTRACT
Various embodiments of a Wind turbine are disclosed having
(51)
Int_ C]_
F03D 3/04
a plurality of pivotable slats disposed about a rotor coupled to

(200601)
one or more blades. Each of the plurality of slats can be

_
(52)
(58)
pivoted such that the open slats on a Windward side redirect
US. Cl. ...... .... ...... ... ....... .. 415/4.2, 415/909, 416/119
Field of Classl?catlon Search ................ .. 415/909,
415/2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.3, 4.5, 905, 906, 907;
the Wind to Cause rotation Ofthe rotor and the Closed slats on
a leeward Side retain at least a Substantial portion of the Wind
Within the interior.
416/DIG.9,142,143,119,17,55,132 B
LEEWARD
962
902A
WINDWARD
US007948110B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Morgan et al.
(54)
WIND-DRIVEN ELECTRICITY
5,261,801 A *
GENERATION DEVICE WITH SAVONIUS
5,405,246 A
ROTOR
5,463,257
(76)
Inventorsi Ken Morgan, San Dlegof CA (US);
11/1993
May 24, 2011

Stone ............................ .. 418/69
4/1995 Goldberg
*
10/1995
Yea
. ... ... ..
416/227 A
. . . . . . . ..
290/55
5,494,407 A
2/1996 Benesh
5,760,515 A *
6/1998
6,172,429 B1 *
1/2001 Russell ......................... .. 290/54
Micheal Slattery, San Diego, CA (US)

( * ) Notice:
US 7,948,110 B2
Burns
416/197 A
310/115
(Continued)
Subject' to any disclaimer,~ the term of this
U.S.C. 154(1)) by 820 days.
EP
0993551
"2000
(Continued)
(21) App1.N0.: 11/705,844
(22)
Flled:
(65)
Wind Tunnel Tests on a Different Phase Three-Stage Savonius Rotor
Us 2008/0191487 A1
(51)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Feb 13 2007
Hayashi, et.al., JSME Intl. 1., Series B: 48 (1), 9-16 (2005).
Aug. 14, 2008
(Continued)
Int Cl
Primary Examiner * T. C. Patel

ASSl'SZLlIlZ Examiner i Pedro J Cuevas
H02P 9/04
74
(2006.01)
Allorn9, A genl, or Firm T Thibault Patent Grou P ;
(52)
us. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44
Thomas Thlbauh
(58)
Field of Classl?catlon Search .................. .. 2299(14/5454,
(57)
See application ?1e for comp1ete Search history
A vertical Wind-driven electricity generation device is
ABSTRACT
described, Which utilizes a unique segmented Savonius rotor
(56)
References Cited
and Which is easily handled, transported, assembled and
maintained, even by a single person. The blades of the rotor

are segmented into a plurality of modest size blade pair seg
ments, each of Which comprises tWo (or optionally, three or
1,100,332 A *
1,697,574 A *
6/1914
1/1929
1,835,018 A *
2,020,900 A *
12/1931
11/1935
Smith ......................... .. 416/175

.
..
Savonius
four) loW height, helically curved blade portions. The blade
Darrieus ..
Methvin
pair segments are preferably of the same height and diameter.

..
3,208,722 A *
9/1965 Rodriquez et al.
3,672,017 A *
6/1972 Nielsen et al. ............. .. 407/49
3,918,839 A *
3,967,507
11/1975 Blackwell et a1.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
415/1221
.. 416/175
7/1976
Emms
4,039,849 A *
8/1977
Mater et al. ........ ..
290/55
4,236,866 A *
12/1980 Zapata Martinez ..
415/4.4
4,293,274 A *
10/1981
Gilman .............. ..
. . . . . . ..
74/6
416/51
4,606,697 A
8/1986 Appel
415/4.4
D300,932 S *
5/1989 Sikes
D15/1
4,915,580 A
4/1990 Obidniak ..
415/21
The rotor is mounted on a central vertical shaft connected to
a generator. When the plurality of blade portions are installed

on the devices central shaft, the overall blade con?guration
functions as an unitary Savonius rotor. FloW of gas (normally
air in the form of Wind) causes the segmented Savonius rotor
to move, turning the shaft and rotating member of the gen
erator to rotate, causing the generator to generate electricity.
USOO7948111B2
(10) Patent No.:
Nigam et a1.
(54)
VERTICALAXIS WIND SYSTEM

.
--
Ann
(75) Inventors 3111111: K 211%; El sArbTirlgin?ld

_
me
' aye
00m 6
Assignee: Analytical Design Service
Corporation AnnArbor MI (US)
(*)
Notlce:
2,959,384 A *
11/1960 Pavlecka ..................... .. 244/124
3,002,567 A *
10/1961
Stulen etal. ..... ..
3,918,839 A
11/1975
Blackwell etal. .
416/226
416/175
4,037,989 A
7/1977
4,082,479 A *
4/1978 Rangi et a1. .
4,112,311
9/1978
Huther ...... ..
Theyse
4/1979 Belko et 81~ ~
4,281,965 A
8/1981 Stjernholm
4,285,636 A
8/1981
Kato etal.
9/1981
Kirschbaum
416/197A
416/23
.. ... ...
4,150,920 A *
4,291,233
416/145
. . . ..
290/44
416/145
416/227A
416/197A
..
..... ..
290/1c
Subject to any d1scla1mer, the term ofth1s
4,324,528 A
4/1982 Svenning """ n
patent 1s extended or adjusted under 35
4,329,116 A *
5/1982 Ljungstrom .................. .. 416/19

DE
Nov. 26, 2008

(Under 37 CFR 1.47)
(65)
40 O7 017 A1
5/1992
(Continued)

US 2010/0007144 A1
416/132 B
(Continued)
(21) App1.No.: 12/324,235

(22) Filed:
May 24, 2011
3,999,888 A * 12/1976 Zincone ....... ..
H1115,M1(U$)
(73)
US 7,948,111 B2
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Jan. 14, 2010
International Search Report and Written OpinioniPCT/US07/

69956imailed on Jul. 28, 2008.
(51)
(52)
Int. Cl.
F03D 9/00
H02P 9/04
B64C 27/48
F03B 3/12
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
F03D 11/00
F04D 29/34
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
Primary Examiner * Pedro J Cuevas
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm *Brinks Hofer Gilson &

Lione
(57)
US. Cl. ..... .. 290/55; 248/125.7; 248/131; 248/690;
248/692; 416/204 R
(58)
Field of Classi?cation Search ............. .. 248/125.7,
248/131, 690, 692; 419/204 R; 290/55;

416/204 R

(56)
References Cited
1,427,736 A *
2,177,801 A
2,473,134 A *
8/1922
10/1939
6/1949
Hendricks .................. .. 24/698.1

Erren ..... ..
290/55
Bonnett ...................... .. 416/226
ABSTRACT
A vertical axis wind system for use in electrical power gen

eration. The system includes a stationary base including a
generator and has an elongate shaft rotatably coupled the

base. The elongate shaft extends vertically from a lower end
to an upper end along a vertical central axis and engages the
generator. At least two arcuate blade assemblies are attached
between the lower end and the upper end of the elongate shaft
such that aerodynamic forces acting on the at least two arcu
ate blade assemblies rotate the elongate shaft for the genera
tion of power.
US008007235B1
(10) Patent N0.:
Lyatkher
(54)
ORTHOGONAL POWER UNIT

.
'
(U )
2009/0016887 A1*
1/2009 Vettese et a1. ........... .. 416/198 R
2009/0140528
A1*
6/2009
Ireland
. . . . . . . .
2009/0180878
A1*
7/2009
Alunni
...... ..
Neier
Manley
et et
ala1.N.
8/2010
Bailey et a1.
Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofth1s
2010/0225118 A1*
9/2010 Micu

U_S_C_ 154(1)) by 0 days_
2010/0230972 Al*
2010/0233919 A1*
9/2010 Haar
9/2010 Ersoy .... ..
(21) APP1-NO-I 12/769597

22
F1 d:
16
10/2010
290/55
.. 290/55
440/8
Linet a1. ....................... .. 290/55

W0
A .28 2010
Pl
2
WO 2009010736 A2 *
1/2009
* cited by examiner
(2006 01)
Primary Examiner * EdWard Look
(52)
U 5 Cl
416/1: 416/198 R_ 416000 R_
Assistant Examiner * Aaron R Eastman
(58)
415/68; 415/908
.
415/684; lgg/ggg Iii l2g9soi22a23 2431 5A5

lication ?le for Com lete Search histo
pp
p
ry'
(56)
416/200
290/55
(51) 21031513712
See a
290/55
416/132 B
4/2010
2010/0253084 A1*
. . . . . . . ..
2010/0104441 A1*
>i<
Not1ce:
Aug. 30, 2011
2010/0213720 A1*
(*)
US 8,007,235 B1
(57)
ABSTRACT
Orthogonal poWer unit contains a turbine With a shaft and
blades of hydrofoil pro?le ?xed around and along the shaft

and the poWer generator. The turbine has six layers, and each
layer has one blade ?xed at the shaft. The blades of turbine
References Cited
layers are located uniformly in the peripheral direction

around the turbine shaft forming three pairs of the adjacent
blades. In each pair the blades are located at the opposite sides
2,224,851 A * 0/1940 Lea ttttttttttttttttttttt 416170 R

366/298
3,638,920 A *
2/1972 Davis ..... ..
relative to the shaft, the blades in the utmost pairs have the
same length L and the blades in the middle pair have the
,, 399/254
290/55
bigger length LOIL 20'25 each. The traverse masses of the

middle and utmost blade pairs have the same ratio. The same
5,835,827 A *
11/1998 Kishimoto
6,492,743 B1*
12/2002 Appa ............. ..
7,358,623 B2*
4/2008 Richards et a1. .
7,360,995
4/2008
B2 *
Suzuki
........... ..
290/55
..
balancing effect achieved by having the uniform length of all
416/211
2007/0297284 A1,. 120007 Neier et a1
366/299
blades'W1th the relatlve sh1ft ofbalanced pairs ofblades at 60
2007/0297906 A1 *
12/2007 Wu
416/198 R
and W1th the umform traverses masses.
2008/0203731 A1*
8/2008 Dulcetti Filho ..
290/44
2008/0303288 A1* 12/2008 Hamann ....................... .. 290/55
21b
21c
Y
Y
27
23
US008100650B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Siege]
(54)
CYCLICAL WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER
4,048,947 A
4,137,005 A
(75) Inventor.
-.
4,180,367 A
Segfan Gunther Siege], Pueblo, CO
4,210,299 A
4,221,538 A
(73) Ass1gnee: Atargis Energy Corporation, Colorado

Springs, CO (US)
(*)
US 8,100,650 B2
Notice:

Jan. 24, 2012
9/1977 Sicard
1/1979 Comstock
12/1979
Drees
7/1980 Chabonat
9/1980 Wells
4,247,253 A
1/1981
4,264,279 A
4/ 1981 Dereng
Seki et a1.
4,285,636 A
8/1981 Kato et al.
4,313,711 A
4329l 16 A
2/1982 Lee
5/1982 Ljungstrom
(Continued)

(21)
APP1- NO-I 12/711,106
(22)
Filed:
WO
Feb. 23, 2010

_
(65)
WO0040859
7/2000
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
_
Hermans, A]. et al., A Device to Extract Energy FromWater Waves

US 2010/0150716 A1
Jun. 17,2010
Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands (1990) pp.

1-5.
(Continued)
(63)

Jul. 10, 2006, noW Pat. No. 7,686,583.
Primary Examiner i Edward Look

Asa-SumZ Examiner i Dwayne J White
(51)
Int Cl
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * David T. Millers
B64C 11/00
(52)
(58)
(2006.01)
US. Cl. .......... .. 416/53; 416/111; 415/3.1; 415/906

(57)
ABSTRACT
Systems and methods use Cyclical Propellers With dynamic
415/4_1, 4Q, 43, 44, 7, 906, 907, 908; 416/111,

416/53
See application ?le for complete Search history,
blade angle control to extract poWer from Waves. A control

system for such implementations can adapt pitching sched
ules for the blades of the cyclical propellers for ef?cient
(56)
energy extraction and/or to control reactive forces. The cycli

cal propellers may be installed on the ?oor of a body of Water
References Cited
or other liquid, on a submarine, or on a surface ?oat, and

1,835,013 A
12/1931 Darrieus
3,258,074 A
6/ 1966 Blickle et a1.
3,326,296 A
6/1967 H111 et a1~
blades may extend vertically or horizontally depending on the

character of the Waves. Several cyclical propellers can be
combined into a single unit operated to minimize net reactive
force or torque, to propel the unit horizontally or vertically,
33:1; et a1
339023072 A
55/1975 Quinn
3,995,972 A
12/1976 Nassar
4,024,409 A
5/1977 Payne
and/or to stabilize the unit. Such units can be installed With

m1n1mal or no moorings.
200 \i
235
f 212
m _
BLADE m
CONTROL SYSTEM
m
_
---- --+ m _
l
SENSORS
&
245
220
|
N
215
GENERATOR
__
__
m I
u_
| |
BLADEm
US008167533B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Lucy et a].
(54)
WIND ENERGY SYSTEM

.
(75)
(21)

U.S.C. 154(b) by 110 days.
App1_ NO; 12/77L898
(22) Filedr
May 5,2011
(60)
10/1995
6,755,608 B2
6/2004 Boughton
9/2005
7,744,338 B2:
6/2010 DeRuYter et al' "
HS/2'1
2008/0085179 A1
4/2008 Klnkald et a1.
415/4.1
2010/0213720 A1*
8/2010
2010/0187828 A1*
JP
Ohlmann ...................... .. 416/11
7/2010 Reldyet a1.

Baile
290/55
et a1. .................. .. 290/55
y
2001-289148 A
10/2001
JP
2003-193955 A
7/2003
JP
2005-299621 A
10/2005
JP
2009-085090 A
4/2009
Robert L. Smith, The Wind Accelerator Dome, http://Windac

celeratordome.com/Windfacceleratoridomeiairevoluti.htrn
[retrieved on Aug 23, 2011]
* cited by examiner
Provisional application No. 61/256,174, ?led on Oct.
Primary Examiner i JustineYu

.
.
.
Asststant Exammer * Jason Davls
F
Int03D
Cl7/06
F033 3/12
.......... .. 290/44
Blumberg et a1.
29, 2009, prov1s1onal appl1cat1on No. 61/256,474,

?led on Oct 30 2009'
(52)
(58)
Richardson et a1.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
US 2011/0103942 A1
1/1992
6,942,454 B2*
Apr- 30, 2010
(65)
5,850,108 A * 1 2/ 1998 Bernard ........................ .. 290/54
Assignee: The Green Electric Company,

Notice:
4/1986 Ossberger et a1.
5,457,346 A
NeW York, NY (US)
(*)
5/1979 Pohl ............................. .. 415/4.2
4,579,506 A
5,161,952 A * 11/1992 Eggers, Jr. .............. .. 416/223 R
BOZeman MO (Us)
May 1, 2012
4,156,580 A *
5,083,039 A
Inventors gligillilgcgoso?ichael
Green, Victona (CA); Nick Blltterswyk,
(73)
US 8,167,533 B2
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm *Eric L. Lane; McKenna
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
Long &
(57)
ABSTRACT
US. Cl. ................................... .. 415/4.2; 416/ 197 R

Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 415/4.2,
Wind energy systems comprise 21 Wind accelerator having a

Suppert assembly and an Outer Structure Surrounding the Sup
415/4_4, 60; 416/197 R 198 R DIG 9; 290/55

port assembly. The Wind accelerator has a front region and a

rear region. The rear region is substantially Wider than the
(56)
References Cited
1,697,574 A *
1,835,018 A *
1/1929
12/1931
Savonius .................... .. 416/110

Darrieus ..
.. 415/224
2,335,817 A *
11/1943
Topalov ....................... .. 415/4.4
front region, and the outer structure tapers from the rear
region to the front region. One or more turbines are mounted
on the support assembly at or near the rear region of the Wind
accelerator or at or near the Widest point of the Wind accel
erator.
US008210817B2
(10) Patent No.:
Iskrenovic
(54)
WIND TURBINE UTILIZING WIND
(58)
416/231 A, 231 B, 197 R, 197 A, 197 B;
415/4.2, 4.4, 907

Zoran Iskrenovic, Nis (RS)
(73) Assignee: Seven International Group, Inc., Los

Angeles CA (Us)
(*)
Notice:
(56)
References Cited
2 *
gengsth~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 416/197 A
patent 15 extended or adJusted under 35
4,209,281 A 4
6/1980 Edmunds ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, H 416/197 A
U-S-C- 154(1)) by 0 days-
4,684,817 A
'
'
arvls
App1_ No; 13,662,455

_
(22)
Jan-31,2012
(65)
9/2009 Ryu et a1.
7,696,635 B2
4/2010 Boone
11/2007
Hsu et a1. ................ .. 416/186 R
2008/0023964 A1
1/2008 Sureshan
2009/0066088 A1
3/2009 Liang
Pm" Pubhcatm Data

US
11/2005 Tsipov
7,591,635 B2
2007/0269312 A1*
Flledi
lan
8/1987 Goldwater
6,962,478 B2
(21)
Jul. 3, 2012
Field of Classi?cation Search ............ .. 416/231 R,
DIRECTING SLATS
(75) Inventor:
US 8,210,817 B2
May 17,
WO
2010/048152
* cited by examiner

?led on May 24, 2011, Which is a continuation-in-part
4/2010
Prlmary ExammeriRlchard Edger
(74) Attorney Agent or Flrm i Flsh & Assoclates PC
of application No. 12/910,580, ?led on Oct. 22, 2010,
(57)
HOW Pat NO 7946802'
Various embodiments of a Wind turbine are disclosed having
(60)
Provisional application No. 61/323,500, ?led on Apr.

137 2010
(51)
Int CL
F03D 3/06
21 support structure With a rotor disposed about the support

structure and having ?rst and second scoops. Each of the
scoops can have medial and lateral openings, and the medial
opening can include a plurality of apertures that remain open
during a complete rotation of the rotor.
(52)
US. Cl. .............................. .. 416/197 A; 416/231 R
(200601)
1201
ABSTRACT
i210
1214
1208
US008215897B2
(10) Patent N0.:

Douglass et al.
(54)
(56)
CYLINDRICAL WIND TURBINE

9/1977 Magoveny et al.
4,047,834 A
Francis J. McCabe, Dublin, PA (US);

Robert Dickie, Dublin, PA (US)
4,115,027 A *
4,191,507 A *
4,952,119 A
5,038,049 A
5,463,257 A

5,518,367 A
U.S.C. 154(b) by 635 days.
6,688,842
6,808,366
6,872,045
6,984,899
(21) App1.No.: 12/332,461

(22)
Filed:
Dec. 11, 2008
(65)
US 2010/0150728 A1
B2
B2
B1
B1
9/1978
3/1980
Thomas ..................... .. 415/531

DeBerg ....................... .. 416/117
8/1990 Widseth
8/1991 Kato
10/1995 Yea
5/1996 Verastegui
2/2004
10/2004
3/2005
1/2006
Boatner
Sikes
Weaver et al.
Rice
7,084,523 B2
7,186,083 B2
8/2006 Noguchi
3/2007 Bayly
7,215,039 B2
7,230,348 B2
5/2007 Zambrano et al.

6/2007 Poole
2007/0126240 A1
2008/0213083 A1*
2008/0273978 A1*
Jun. 17, 2010
Jul. 10, 2012
References Cited
(76) Inventors: Karl J. Douglass, Dublin, PA (US);
Notice:
US 8,215,897 B2
6/2007 Richards et a1.

9/2008
11/2008
Unno ........................... .. 415/42

Watkins .................. .. 416/197A
* cited by examiner
Primary Examiner * Michelle Mandala
(60)
Provisional application No. 61/014,159, ?led on Dec.
17, 2007.
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Gregory J. Gore
(57)
ABSTRACT
A vertical Wind turbine includes a blade Which has opposite
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 7/00
F03D 7/06
F03D 3/00
force producing sides that lie on opposite sides of the longi

tudinal axis along its direction of travel. The aerodynamic
surfaces are driven by the Wind through four phases of rota
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
tion. Driving torque is produced during three of the four
(52)
US. Cl. ............ .. 415/42; 415/44; 290/44; 290/55;
(58)
416/197 A
415/44, 907; 416/197 A; 290/44, 55

phases. The blade includes a v-shaped nosepiece With rear

Ward facing surfaces on each side that cup the Wind during
three of the four phases. The split tail of the blade captures the
Wind during a doWn Wind phase of rotation.

12
18
14
PHASE 2
US008258647B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Haar
(54)
US 8,258,647 B2
6,784,566 B2
3/2004 Thomas
6,831,374 B2 *
(75) Inventor:
Sep. 4, 2012
6,864,594 B2
12/2004
Seki .............................. .. 290/44
3/2005
S k'
Jonathan Haar, Cambr1dge, MA (US)
6,974,309 B2
7,109,599 B2
9/2006 Watkins
(73) Assignee: Eastern Wind Power, Cambridge, MA
7,245,039 B2
7/2007 DuHamel
7,352,076 B1
4/2008 Gabrys
(US )
(*)
(21)
Notice:
7,425,776 B2
9/2008 Ketcham
E;
""""""""""" " 290/55

U-S-C- 154(1)) by 0 days-
735823982 131*
8,013,464 B2 *
2002/0105190 A1
90009 Deal 290/55

9/2011 Stern et al. .................... .. 290/55
8/2002 Thomas
2004/0041405 A1
3/2004 Seki
Appl. N0.: 13/077,495
(22) Filed:
(Continued)
Mar. 31, 2011
(65)
US 2011/0262276 A1

9213192
8/1992
W0
Oct. 27, 2011
(Continued)

(62)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Division of application NO. 12/766,578, ?led on Apr.

23, 2010, HOW Pat. NO. 7,988,413.
Small Wind Certi?cation Council, Small Wind Turbine Certi?cation

Policy, Clifton Park, NY, May 2010, pp. 1-27.
Int Cl-
(Continued)
F03D 7/00
(52)
(58)
12/2005 52k;
2006.01
U 5 Cl
(
)
290/55 290/44
Field of ciig's'i?iililr'lil7...... .......... .. 290/55.
416/31
See appl1cat1on ?le for complete search h1story.
Primary Examiner * Joseph Waks

(74) We Age! or Firm * HOVeY Williams LLP
(57)
ABSTRACT
A Vert1cal ax1s W1nd turb1ne 1ncludes an upstandmg support
(56)
References Cited
structure, a plurality of generators disposed on the support

structure, a central shaft in rotatable communication With the

4,115,027
4,247,252
4,247,253
4,285,636
A
A
A
A
4,430,044 A
4,464,579
5,057,696
5,203,672
5,332,925
A
A
A
A
9/1978
1/1981
1/1981
8/1981
Thomas
Seki et al.
Seki et al.
Kato et al.
2/1984 Liljegren
8/1984
10/1991
4/1993
7/1994
SchWarZ
Thomas
Wolf
Thomas
generators and positioned along a central axis of the Vertical

axis Wind turbine, a plurality of struts extending from the
central shaft, and a plurality of blades, each blade positioned
at an end of a corresponding strut and oriented substantially
Vertically. The Vertical axis Wind turbine optionally includes

strut ailerons, blade extension elements, or blade ailerons to
increase the ef?ciency and duty cycle of the Wind turbine.

1 Claim, 11 Drawing Sheets
US008314508B2
(10) Patent N0.2
Kawas et a].
(54)
METHOD
ENERGY SYSTEM
ANDAPPARATUS FORWIND
(76)
Inventors:
(21)
(22)
Notice:
APPLNO;
.
Flled:
Percy C. KaWas, Los Altos, CA (US);
51
' ' ' 290/55
290/55
416/227 A
P211811t
Subjectistoextended
any disclaimer,
Or adjusted
the term
under
of this
35
41663596 A
2 T
9/1979 Mouton,
522k """Jr.
" etal.
4,204,799 A
5/1980 De Geus .......... ..
4,231,288 A * 11/1980 Finley
12/968 126
4,287,816
"
244/30
415/45
454/347
9/1981
Riccard . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. 454/4
4,289,444 A *
4,309,146 A *
9/1981
1/1982
Monk et al. .
Hein etal.
415/42
415/44
Dec-14,2010
4,374,534 A *
2/1983
Jespersetal. ..
4,379,972
4/1983
Sosa et al.
415/44
4,486,143 A *
......
.... .. 52/3
. . . ..
290/44
12/1984 McVey ........................ .. 415/164
Jun. 16,2011
(Continued)
Provisional application No. 61/286,959, ?led on Dec.

16, 2009.
Cl
nt'
t l.
5/1978 Hope et a1. ..
3/1978 (3:111:73 ' ' ' '
4/1978 Felter .... ..
2/1978 0
4,079,264 A *
4,086,028 A *
Us 2011/0140450 A1
(60)
4,075,500 A
4,088,419 A *
(65)
Nov. 20, 2012
3,994,621
,
,
2
A i* 11/1976 lFlzlzelL-lnl
Bogie
e ter et..........
a . .....................
. ..
415/186
Gulnar KaWas, Los Altos, CA (US)
(*)
US 8,314,508 B2
GB
2283285
5/1995
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Davis, G., Jackson Resident Seeks Votes for Pepsi Refresh Chal
'
lenge, May 27, 2010, pp. 1-8, http://WWW.ledger-dispatch.com/
Z Z;
neWs/neWsvieW.asp?c:270164.
(52)
US. Cl. .......................................... .. 290/55; 290/44
Primary Examiner i Pedro J Cuevas
(58)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Sughrue Mion, PLLC
290/55

(56)
References Cited
(57)
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to generating poWer using Wind

energy. According to some aspects, the invention uses a pas

257,484 A *
2,909,113
3,267,833
3,347,147
3,392,659
A
A
A
A
5/1882
Penn ............................. .. 454/18
* 10/1959 Hatcher
* 8/1966 Artis et al.
* 10/1967 Howard
* 7/1968 Rousey
3,590,720 A *
7/1971
454/36
454/18
454/38
454/18
Siegal ........................... .. 454/18
sive device to capture Wind, and accelerate the Wind toWard

off-the-shelf turbines and other fan blades to generate poWer
in a con?ned structure. The passive devices to capture Wind
can have active electronic or mechanical controls to control
the amount of Wind ?oWing in the structure to generate poWer.
US008322992B2
(10) Patent No.:
Fuller
45 Date of Patent:
(54) MODULAR WIND-DRIVEN ELECTRICAL
(76)
*
2
a
gohen
WeIS
4,220,870 A
MANUFACTURE
4,245,958 A
1/1981 EWers
4,288,200 A
9/1981 OHare
4,295,783 A * 10/1981 Lebost ......................... .. 415/44
Inventor:
Adam Fuller, Racine, WI (US)
Notice.
SubJect'tO any d1scla1mer,the term ofth1s

App1_ No; 12/104,655
(22) Filed:
4,362,470 A *
12/1982
Locastro et a1. ........ .. 416/197 A
4,474,529
10/1984
Kinsey
4,715,776 A
12/1987 Benesh
12/1988 Coleman
4,857,753 A
8/1989 Mewburn-Crook et a1.
4,926,061 A *
5/1990
Arreola, Jr. ................... .. 290/55
(Continued)

Us Zoos/0258468 A1
4,792,281 A
Apr. 17,2008
(65)
9/1980 Kelly
4,486,143 A * 0/1984 Mcvey tttttttttttttttttttt 415/164

4,609,827 A
9/1986 Nepple
U.S.C. 154(b) by 1234 days.

(21)
Dec. 4 a 2012
POWER GENERATOR AND METHOD OF
US 8,322,992 B2
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Oct 23, 2008
Excerpt from the US. Department of Energy, Wind & Hydropower

Technologies Program. How Wind Turbines Work. 6 pages. Date:
NOV' 30 2006'
(60) Provisional application No. 60/923,862, ?led on Apr.

17, 2007.
(51)
(58)
Primary Examiner * N1nh H Nguyen
In; C]_
F03D 3/02
(52) US. Cl.
(Continued)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Jansson Shupe & Munger
Ltd
(2006.01)
416/197 A; 415/4.2; 415/44; 416/200 R;

29/889_7
(57)
ABSTRACT
Field of Classi?cation Search ................. .. 415/4.2,
A method of making a vane assembly for use in a modular
415/44, 905, 907; 416/ 194, 197 A, 200 R,

416/D1G. 4, DIG. 5; 290/44, 55; 29/889.7
Wind-driven electrical poWer generator is disclosed. The

method including the steps of: providinganaxial shaft; secur
ing a plurality of spaced-apart plates around the shaft, pro
viding plural sheets of bendable material, each sheet for form
(56)
References Cited
ing a vane; bending each sheet to create a vane; securing the

upper and loWer sides of each vane betWeen tWo plates to
form the vane assembly, each vane extending radially out
Ward from the shaft so that the shaft is balanced during shaft

200,874 A *
3/1878
Robert ..
rotational displacement about the axis, the closed leading side
1,200,308
727,762 A * 10/1916
5/1903 Edgar
Bunnell
1,234,405 A
1,441,774 A
7/1917 Solomon
1/1923 Adams
1,812,741 A
6/1931 Espinosa
1,974,008 A
2,431,111 A
faces a direction of shaft rotation and the open trailing side

faces a direction opposite to the direction of shaft rotation;
and securing an end cap over each vane outboard end.
9/1934 Biehn
11/1947 Brie
11h
_ No". 839,319.l
` PATENTED DEC. 25,v 1906.
c. NBU'MANN.
PRESSURE BLOWER.
APPLICATION FILED IAE. 28, 1905.
' No'. 840.208. ~
PATENTBD JAN. 1, 1907.
M, V.HART0NG.
WINDMILL.
APPLICATION FILED APB. 27,'1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
_ WHA/55555:
[NI/ENTOR
A NORA/E Ys
" THE NaRRls PETERS co.. wasmNcIoN. D. c.
US008419346B2
(10) Patent N0.2
Attey
(54)
WIND TURBINE
.
(75) Inventor.
(X'Seme Scott Attey, South Fremantle

( )
21
Notice:
A
)
7/1979 Amick
1/1981
EWers ..................... .. 416/197 A
4,247,251 A
1/1981
Wuenscher
V1983 Sosa et a1
2/1984 Liljegren
12/ 1984 McVey
4,857,753 A *

USC' 1549) by 9 days'
1 N
12/940 903
pp ' O"
(22) Filed:
6/1984 Andersson
4,486,143 A
Ltd, Western Austrailia (AU)
4,162,410 A
4,452,568 A
Apr. 16, 2013
4,245,958 A *
4,379,972 A
4,430,044 A
(73) Ass1gnee: Design Licensing International Pty

(*)
US 8,419,346 B2
8/1989 MeWburn-Crook et a1.
290/55
(Continued)
EP

0046370 A1
2/1982
GB
561435 A
5/1944
(Continued)
Nov. 5, 2010
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(65)

/
European Patent Application No. 078156635 ?led Dec. 4, 2007 in
Us 2011 0070087 A1
Mar 24 2011
the name of Design Licensing International Pty Ltd, Supplemental
Related U 5 Application Data
European Search Report mailed Sep. 22, 2010.
(63) Continuation of application No. PCT/AU2009/
(Continued)
000567, ?led on May 7, 2009.

(30)
Primary Examiner * Edward Look

Assistant Examiner * Jason Davis
May 7, 2008
(AU) .............................. .. 2008902218
May 26, 2008
(AU) .............................. .. 2008902592
(51) Int. Cl.

F03D 3/02
(52)
(58)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Levine Bagade Han LLP
(57)
ABSTRACT
(2006.01)
us CL
A Wind turbine arranged to operate in con?ned area is dis
USPC ........... .. 415/42; 415/44; 415/907; 416/182;
elesed- The Wind turbine is eehstraihed Within two axially
416/D1G_ 6
displaced end plates and diametrically opposed Wind barriers.
The Wind barriers are Parallel to the axis and extend between
415/43, 44, 45, 905, 907, 908; 416/182,

416/DIG, 6; 290/ 5 5
end plates. The Wind barriers each having an axially extend
ing inner edge radially spaced from an outer sWept surface of

the turbine blades by less than 20% of the turbine radius. In
References Cited
of Wind turbines, With Wind barriers being arranged between
another embodiment, there is disclosed a 2-dimensional array
(56)
parallel axes.
1,574,171 A
2/1926 Ryan
3,070,287 A
12/1962 Bruno
US008491266B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Ferenczy
(54)
FLUID ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

_
.
(*)
Not1ce:
5,285,112 A
2/ 1994 Mann
7/1994 Thomas
6,948,905 B2
9/2005 Horjus
B2 >l<
7,364,406 B2 *
5/2007
ScalZi
4/200g Kinkaid ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, u 416/243
2004/0047723 A1
U_S_C_ 154(1)) by 583 days_
2009/0285689 Al* 11/2009 Hall et al. ............... .. 416/197A
Oct. 13, 2008
(65)
3/2004 Horjus

W0
Filed:
Jul. 23, 2013
5,332,925 A
7,215,037
(21) Appl. NO: 12/249980

(22)
US 8,491,266 B2
WO 2007141367 A1 * 12/2007
* Cited by examiner

Primary Examiner * Hung Vu
US 2010/0092296 A1
Apr. 15, 2010
Assistant Examiner i Bryan Junge
(51)
Int. Cl.
F03D 3/06
(52)
US Cl
USPC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " 416/200 R; 416/197 R; 416/198 R;
416/243
central drive shaft, Wherein the central drive shaft may be
(58)
Fleld 0f Classl?catloll Search

USPC ---------------- -- 416/197 R, 197 A, 198 R, 200 R,
_ _
416/243; 415/42, 4-4
See aPPhCaUOn ?le for Complete Search 11151013_
References Clted
rotatably secured to a support frame. Each of the plurality of

adjacent ?uid catching modules may comprise tWo intake
elements having a ?rst ?uid capturing aperture, an overlap
portion, and a second ?uid capturing aperture facing a direc
tion opposite to that of the ?rst ?uid catching aperture. Adja
cent ?uid catching modules may be offset from each other by
(56)
(2006.01)
(57)
590,753 A
802,144 A
9/1897 Flaig
10/1905 Harrington
1,200,308 A *
10/1916
2,431,111 A
12/1943 Du Brie
3,645,694 A *
3,877,836 A
3,920,354 A
4,321,005 A
5,057,696 A
2/1972
Bunnell ................... .. 415/2111

Flatau ..................... .. 416/197R
4/1975 Tompkins
11/1975 Decker
3/1982 Black
10/1991 Thomas
95
ABSTRACT
A ?uid energy conversion device cornP rising a P lurality of

adjacent ?uid catching modules that may be disposed about a
a predetermined angular position, thus alloWing for at least

one ?uid catching aperture to be facing a directional ?uid
energy source at all times. The plurality of ?uid catching
modules may comprise different Widths and form an overall
conical con?guration or the plurality of ?uid catching mod

ules may comprise equivalent Widths and form an overall
cylindrical con?guration.
US008529190B2
(12)

Naumenko
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:

4,430,044 A
WIND TURBINE ROTOR WITH VERTICAL

ROTATION AXIS
(75) Inventor: Anatoliy Naumenko, CracoW (PL)
4,456,429 A *
4,976,587 A *
US 8,529,190 B2
Sep. 10, 2013
2/1984 Liljegren
6/1984
12/1990
Kelland ...................... .. 416/117

Johnston et a1. ............ .. 416/230
* cited by examiner
(73) Assignee: Anew Institute Sp. Z o.o., Krako'W (PL)

(*)
Notice:

Primary Examiner * Dwayne J White

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * John Alumit
U.S.C. 154(b) by 634 days.

(57)
(21) Appl. No.: 12/751,844

(22)
Filed:
US 2010/0266413 A1
(51)
Int. C].
(2006.01)
U.S. Cl.
USPC
(58)
Oct. 21, 2010
Which are tightly ?xed blades, each consisting of tWo Wings

joined together, With a symmetrical or concavo-convex airfoil
With the airfoils chord lengths and thickness diminishing

toWard both Wing ends. The rotor blades upper and loWer
Wings are radially de?ected from the central Zone outwards.
F03D 7/06
(52)
A Wind turbine rotor With a vertical rotation axis connected to

a hub having at least tWo horiZontal supports, on the ends of
Mar. 31, 2010
(65)
ABSTRACT
.......................................... .. 415/4.2; 416/203
Field of Classi?cation Search

USPC .............. .. 415/4.2, 4.4, 907; 416/203, 210 R
(56)
References Cited
The chord length of both Wing ends and the chord length in
the central Zone are approximately inversely proportional to
the radii of its location in relation to the axis of the rotors
rotation. The de?ecting angle of the loWer Wing can be greater

than the de?ecting angle of the upper Wing or the length of the
loWer Wing can be greater than the length of the upper Wing.
These speci?cations provide uniform Wind poWer consump
tion along the Wings length, increasing the e?iciency of a
Wind turbine and its service life.

4,130,380 A *
4,264,279 A
12/1978
Kaiser ..................... .. 416/197A
4/1981 Dereng
USOO8552579B2
(10) Patent N0.:

Richter et al.
(54)
(56)
WIND POWER PLANT
Bahnmuller, Dietikon (CH)
PCT Filed:
1/1875
Chesebrough .............. .. 417/147
293,509 A
2/1884
Petersen
485,933 A *
537,494 A *
U.S.C. 154(b) by 476 days.
(22)
158,676 A *
320,482 A *

(21) App1.No.:
12/811,133
PCT/CH2008/000549
(2), (4) Date:
1,369,596 A *
2/1921 Yanacopoulos
3/1938
2,454,058
11/1948
US 2010/0283254 A1
(30)
(51)
Int. Cl.
(52)
F03D 9/00
H02P 9/04
F03B 13/00
vs. C].
(58)
Nov. 11,2010

Jan. 4, 2008
(CH) ........................................... .. 8/08
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
(2006.01)
1/1951
4/1974
Moon
Hays
... ... ... ...
.......
417/336
. . . ..
290/55
. . . ..
60/398
Rushing ..
Haanen
62/230
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ..
2/1976 Magoveny et al.

11/1976
8/1977
Graybill .... ..
Mater et a1.
........
9/1977 Magoveny et a1.
4,052,134 A *
10/1977
4,055,950 A *
11/1977
290/55
415/141
.. 290/55
. . . ..
290/55
.. 415/53.1
Rumsey ........... ..
416/119
Grossman ..................... .. 60/398
(Continued)
PCT Pub. Date: Jul. 16, 2009
416/119
Robbins .... ..
Clade ........... ..
2,112,633
4,047,834 A *
(87) PCTPub.No.: WO2009/086648
(65)
137/121
Herman .... ..
415/164
3,995,170 A *
Jun. 29, 2010
11/1892
417/214
416/108
4,039,849
8371 (0X1)
416/119
7/1915
7/1916
3,938,907 A *
PCT N0.:
..
4/1895 Stevens et al.
2,539,862 A *
Dec. 24, 2008
...... ..
6/1885 Leavitt
1,147,646 A *
1,190,629 A *
3,806,733
(86)
Oct. 8, 2013
References Cited
(76) Inventors: Patrick Richter, Zurich (CH); Karl

Notice:
US 8,552,579 B2
CN
CN
1351228 A
1484734 A
5/2002
3/2004
(Continued)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * The Webb Law Firm
(57)
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to a wind power plant, comprising a

rotor that can be rotated about a vertical axis, said rotor
between two horizontal bearing planes disposed at a distance

on top of each other comprising a plurality of rotor blades,
which are disposed distributed on a circumferential circle,
can each be pivoted about a vertical pivot axis, and the pivot
range of which is delimited on both sides by a stop. In such a
wind power plant, an improvement in the energy yield, while
USPC ................................ .. 290/55; 290/44; 290/54
simultaneously ensuring another operation, is enabled in that
the width of the rotor blades is smaller than approximately 1/3

the radius of the circumferential circle.
USPC .............................................. .. 290/44, 54, 55
US008556571B2

Cassidy
(54)
(10) Patent N0.:

VERTICAL AXIS DUAL VORTEX

DOWNWIND INWARD FLOW IMPULSE
WIND TURBINE
1,248,305 A *
1,531,015 A *
(*)
Notice:
8/1926 Sovereign
415/186
3/1927
Webb .... ..
415/164
7/1927
Adams
2,812,823 A *
11/1957
3,994,621 A *
4,012,163 A *
3/1977 Baumgartner etal.

4,039,849 A *
4,047,834 A *
8/1977
9/1977
4,052,134 A
415/18
415/129
415/141
415/208.3
Mater et a1. ................... .. 290/55

Magoveny et al. ........ .. 415/53.1
10/1977 Rumsey
(Continued)
CA
DE
DE
FR
Aug. 17, 2012
(65)
. . . ..
Bogie ......................... .. 415/186
OR (US)
(21) Appl. No.: 13/588,359

US 2013/0209244 A1
Aug. 15, 2013
2330700
3637831
4317004
2785336
1/2001
4/1987
1/1995
5/2000
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(63)
.. ... ...
De Oviedo ....... ..
2/1976 Magovenyetal.
11/1976
(22) Filed:
Gallagher ................ .. 415/149.1

415/4.2
Maine ....... ..
1,619,643 A *
3,938,907 A *
(73) Assignee: Zephyr International, Inc., The Dalles,
Oct. 15, 2013
1,595,578 A *
1,636,449
(75) Inventor: Joe C. Cassidy, The Dalles, OR (US)
11/1917
3/1925
US 8,556,571 B2

Sep. 25, 2008, noW Pat. No. 8,262,338, Which is a
http://en.Wikipediaorg/Wiki/Pelton Wheel: Wikipedia, Pelton Wheel,

pp. 1-5, printed May 1, 2009.
(Continued)
continuation-in-part of application No. 12/214,273,

?led on Jun. 16, 2008, noW abandoned, Which is a
Primary Examiner * Ross Gushi
continuation-in-part of application No. 11/652,429,
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * ChernoffVilhauer LLP
?led on Jan. 11, 2007, noW abandoned.
(51)
(57)
Int. Cl.
F03D 1/04
(52)
(2006.01)
outlet. Located in the housing is a cylindrical stator array

having a plurality of spaced-apart stators located in it. An
annular cylindrical rotor array having a plurality of cups
US. Cl.
USPC .......................... .. 415/4.3; 415/55.1; 415/224
(58)
rotates about a central axis, ?ts inside of the stator array. The
stators are positioned to cause air Which ?oWs around the
outer periphery of the stator array to impinge on the rotors and
USPC ...................... .. 415/4.141.5, 1, 2.1, 55.1, 224
(56)
an air handling system causes air entering the housing to be

distributed substantially around the periphery of the stator
References Cited
455,858 A *
588,572 A *
7/1891
8/1897
array.
Pepper .......................... .. 416/41

Hardaway .................... .. 415/4.2
12
ea
47
47
s8
75
4ar-
74
\
78 i
44
28;
30
RI 7
g H 411
s
4,6 j
v43
ABSTRACT
A Wind-powered turbine has a housing With an inlet and an
24
2s
72
r32
{54
I
2a
{1
6
US008672633B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Ball
(54)
4,784,568 A
Inventor.
'
5,494,407 A
Mar. 18, 2014
11/1988 Benesh
4,838,757 A
(76)
US 8,672,633 B2
6/1989 Benesh
*
2/1996
Benesh
10/2004 Sikes
................... .. 416/197 A
John Bradley Ball, Lakeslde (CA)
6,808,366 B2
subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
33383351 31* 11/5882 16111315111111.1111:11111117452133

U,S,C, 154(1)) by 560 days_
7,314,346 B2
7,344,353 B2
1/2008 Vanderhye et a1.

3/2008 Naskali et a1.
7,393,177 B2
7/2008 Rahai et a1.
>i<
( * ) Notice:
(22) F1led:
cited by
examiner
Kaneda
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Sep. 10, 2010
(65)

US 2011/0116930 A1
May 19, 2011

Assistant Examiner * Juan G Flores
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Brunet & Co. Ltd.; Robert
A_ H Brunet
(60) Provisional application No. 61/241,399, ?led on Sep.

11 2009'
(57)
(51)
A Vertical axis wind turbine comprising at least two rotor
Int' Cl'
F 03D 3/02
(2006.01)
(52) U-s- Cl
USPC ...................... .. 416/197 A; 415/907; 416/243

_
(58)
(56)
ABSTRACT
.
port1ons, each port1on hav1ng a bottom, atop, and a curved

gonzonial Cross Secnon when Seen .1 top VleW' A 9p Cap may
e prov1ded that has a convex port1on correspond1ng to each
Fleld of Classl?catlon Search

_
USPC ................... .. 415/2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 905, 907,
rotor portion that extends forwardly in a windward direction.

Each rotor portion may comprise two angled rotor Sections
416/197 R 197 B 197 A 243 178 187

_ _ 416/182 185 186 R 290/44 43 54 55
See apphcatlon ?le for Complete Search hlstory'
References Cited
that meet at substantially a Vertical midpoint of the rotor

portion. The angled sections may be angled rearwardly in a
leeward direction and/or radially and may be angled from 1 to

617,555 A *
4,359,311 A
1/1899
20 degrees w1th respect to vertlcal. There may be three or

more rotor portions and the turbine may be comprised of one
or more Vertically stacked sections.
Blue et a1. ............... .. 416/197R
11/1982 Benesh
USOO8790069B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Anderson
(54)
ENCLOSED VERTICAL AXIS FLUID ROTOR
(75)
Inventor:
(56)
(Us)
588,572 A *
,
2,431,111 A
A551gnee: No Fossil Energy, LLC, Odenton, MD

(Us)
(*)
Notice:
Jul. 29, 2014
References Cited
Bruce Elliot Anderson, Eugene, OR
(73)
US 8,790,069 B2

U.S.C. 154(b) by 845 days.
8/1897 Hardaway .................... .. 415/4.2

11/1947
Du Brie
..... .. 416/130
3,942,909 A *
3/1976 Yengst
4,245,958 A *
1/1981 Ewers
416/132 B
416/197 A
4,357,130 A *
11/1982 Forrest
416/197A
6,952,058 B2 * 10/2005 MCCOiIl

~~~~~ ~~ 416/119
7,362,004 132* 40008 Beeker """""""""""""" " 290/55
* Cited by examiner
(21) Appl' NO': 12/905058
Primary Examiner * Igor Kershteyn
(22)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Kenneth P. WaszkiewicZ
Filed:
Oct 14, 2010
(65)

US 2011/0142641 A1
(60)
(57)
ABSTRACT
Jun. 16, 2011
A enclosed vertical axis ?uid rotor used as a wind turbine of
two designs having multiple sails that are concave on the
Related U'S'Apphcatlon Data

provisional application NO_ 61/272,626, ?led on Oct
inside and convex on the outer side which allows omni

directional wind or other ?uids to engage sails to create opti
14, 2009, provisional application No_ 61/283,988
mum ?uid momentum. These are sectional segmentation of
?led on Dec_ 10, 2009
each rotor that can be stacked upon one another at locating lug
points to be attached to each rotor to keep radial alignment
(51) Int, Cl,
precise during assembly. The preferred embodiment would
F03D 11/00
(200601)
be of composite materials or plastics that can be molded to a
(52)
us CL
USPC ........... .. 415/42; 415/44; 415/905; 415/907;
(58)
416/169 R; 416/197 A; 416/229 R; 416/240

USPC ...... .. 415/42, 4.4, 905, 907; 416/169 R, 172,
416/197 A, 196 A, 198 R, 201 A, 229 R, 240,

416/241 A, 243
1' 7
given design of three or more stages. The advantage of this

turbine is using the ?uids to their Optimum ef?ciency These
designs have low starting speed, low precession, and low

drag. One design has a central axis that turns with bearings
with the rotor and the other design is a central static (non
turning) axis shaft that allows the turbine to turn on bearings.
7 ' "'5
i
9 We
18
1"! "'"gk ;
{a
15 /$ in J
1' {71(7)}
5
20 (TW;
10
11
USOO8829704B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Grigg
(54)
(71)
US 8,829,704 B2
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR AND MOTOR

~
Applicant. Charles Grlgg, Westport, CA (US)
1,465,593 A *
8/1923 Barrett et a1. ................. .. 416/14
1,524,712 A *
2/1925
Hurd ......... ..
416/140
6/1926
Palm ..... ..
415/150
1,586,914
1,654,165
1,636,434 A *
Sep. 9, 2014
7/1927 Pinaud
12/1927
Felt
. ... ... ..
(72)
Inventori
Charles Grlgg, WesIPOIT, CA (Us)
2,128,592 A *
3,976,396 A *
8/1976 Antogini .
( * )
Notice:
4,048,947 A *
9/1977

(21)
APPl-NO-Z
4,383,801
Filed:
Feb. 7,2013
(65)
Pmr Pubhcatlon Data

US 2013/0285382 A1
Oct. 31, 2013
omas
..
5/1983
Pryor . . . . . .
4,424,451 A *
1/1984
Schmidt ..
4,494,007
1/1985
Gaston . . . . . . . .
4,507,049 A *
3/1985 Strandgren
4,520,273
5/1985
Rowe
. ... ... ...
4,679,985 A *
7/1987 Worms
4,725,194 A
2/1988
416/119
. . . . . .. 440/8
3115/5131?
..
5/1980 Stepp .... ..

12/1982 Mason
4,534,703 A * 8/1985 Flavell

4,619,585 A * 10/1986 Storm
Related U'SApphcatlon Data

(63)
Sicard . . . . .
5,038,049
5,051,059 A *
8/1991
. . . .. 416/17
290/54
. . . .. 290/44
416/51
. . . ..
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
290/54
416/119
416/132 B
416/119
Bartsch ..... ..
Kate
416/119
416/17
415/4.2
4,776,762 A * 10/1988 Blowers, Sr.
Jan. 13, 2010, noW Pat. No. 8,373,297.
416/49
416/117
Emsey ~~
4,203,707 A *
4,365,934 A *
13/761,506
(22)
8/1938 Mushkin .
2 i 18/
,
U'S'C' 154(b)by Odays'
416/52
. . . ..
416/119
~ ~ ~ ~~
290/55
9/1991 Rademmher ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ 415/7
(Continued)
(51) Eggll'3/00
(2006 01)
H021) 9/04
(200601)
(74) Attorney, Agent, 01 Firm i Howard Cohen
F03D 9/00
(52) us CL
(2006.01)
(57)
USPC ................................ .. 290/54; 290/44; 290/ 55
(58) Field of Classi?cation Search
ity of Wing assemblies having vertical pivot shafts extending
USPC ............................... .. 290/44, 54, 55; 416/119

_
(56)
ABSTRACT
A PAVA (parallel and vertical axis) turbine includes a plural
between two vertically spaced end assemblies that are joined
to a central driveshaft assembly. The Wing assemblies are

rotatable about their respective pivot axes from a drive posi
References Clted
tion in Which they extend radially outwardly from the central
axis and transverse to incident ?uid ?ow to maximally cap

ture ?uid ?ow and rotate the turbine, to a glide position in
Which the Wings extend tangentially to the direction of rota
tion and parallel to incident ?uid ?ow to minimize drag. The
4,843 A *
11/1846
113,284 A *
4/1871
247,266
195,114 A *
9/1881
9/1877 Miller,
FolsomJr.
Wings may have articulating ?aps rotating outwardly from the
10/1897
10/1913
6/1884 Martin
Evison
Southwick
Wing assembly in the drive quadrant to capture more of the

passing ?uid ?ow.
1,076,713
299,563
591,962 A *
1,190,629 A *
7/1916
Rowand ....................... .. 415/3.1
Folsom
Clade .......................... .. 416/108
US008864440B2
(10) Patent N0.:
Sauer, Jr.
(54) WIND SAIL TURBINE
(75)
Inventor:
(56)
Dieter Sauer, Jr., Westlake Village, CA
References Cited
574,411 A *
.
1,100,332 A
(73) Ass1gnee: Sauer Energy, Incc., Camanllo, CA

Notice:
*Oct. 21, 2014
(Us)
.
(*)
US 8,864,440 B2
1,697,574 A
1/1897
Gassett ....................... .. 416/142
6/1914
Smith
M929 Savonius
(US)
1,835,018 A
2,020,900 A
11/1935 Methvin
2,716,460 A * 8/1955 Young ........................... .. 416/24
12/1931 Darrieus
(Continued)
U.S.C. 154(b) by 616 days.

This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
Claimer~
DE
EP
(21) Appl. No.. 13/134,049

(22) Filed:
.............. .. F03D 3/06
4/2000
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Us 2012/0121416 A1
0993551 A1
(Continued)
May 27, 2011
(65)
10319003 A1 * 11/2004
English Machine Translation of DE 10319003 A1 .*
May 17, 2012

Assistant Examiner * Wayne A Lambert
Related US Application Data
(60)
(51)
(52)
(58)
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 4 Brooks Kushman RC.
Provisional application No. 61/456,876, ?led on Nov.
15, 2010.
(57)
Int Cl
A vertical axis omni -Wind turbine having a Wind sail centrally

mounted to a turbine drive shaft, the Wind sail consisting of
ABSTRACT
F03D 3/02
(200601)
three generally identical vanes paced 120 degrees apart. The
F03D 3/06
(200601)
vanes each have a generally concave surface for capturing
U-s- Cl-
impinging Wind thrust With an opposite generally convex
CPC ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ F03D 3/065 (2013-01); F053 2240/30
surface to provide minimal Wind resistance. The resulting
(2013-01); YOZE 1 0/74 (2013-01); F053

2240/21 1 (2013-01)
USPC ~~~~~ -- 415/4-2; 416/24; 416/197 A; 416/197 R;
416/213 B; 416/236 R; 416/243
Field Of ClaSSi?catiOIl SeaICh
USPC .............. .. 415/42, 4.4, 907, 144; 416/227 R,
416/231 R, 231 B, 197 R, 197 A, 197 B, 243,
disparate Wind resistance causes a stronger reaction on the

concave side of a vane Which in turn provides rotation about
the vertical oriented drive shaft. The turbine has omni-Wind
characteristics in that regardless of the Wind direction an
adequate portion of the concave surface of a rotor blade Will
always be exposed to impinging wind, The subsequent drive
shaft rotation is transmitted to an electrical turbine.
416/235, 236 R
54:17Q,..
D O oa
06
ix1s4.
1
.
&
(19)
(11)
EP 2 012 007 A1
EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION
(12)
(43) Date of publication:
(51) Int Cl.:

F03D 3/00 (2006.01)
07.01.2009 Bulletin 2009/02
F03D 3/04 (2006.01)
(21) Application number: 07013159.4

(22) Date of filing: 05.07.2007
(84) Designated Contracting States:
AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR
HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE
SI SK TR
Designated Extension States:
AL BA HR MK RS
(74) Representative: Stenger, Watzke & Ring

Intellectual Property
Am Seestern 8
40547 Dsseldorf (DE)
(71) Applicant: Media Ventures GmbH

50999 Kln (DE)
(72) Inventors:
Remarks:
Amended claims in accordance with Rule 137(2)
EPC.
Vucak, Aleksandar
80939 Mnchen (DE)
Tesic, Nenad
78220 Kotor Varos (BA)
(54)
Tesic, Dragan
Tesic, Miroslav
Vertical axis wind turbine

(9) and the bottom plate (10) defining windflow channels,
defined by the inward facing surface of one vane and the
outward facing surface of the neighboring vane. The top
and bottom plates mount the turbine rotor. Also, the principle of serial connection of multiple wind turbines to increase overall wind turbine power is disclosed.
EP 2 012 007 A1
(57)
This invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine (1) having a turbine rotor (2) and wind leading vanes
(7), which vanes are located symmetrically circumferentially around said turbine rotor. According to the invention
stator vanes (7) extended vertically between the top plate
Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR)
EP 2 012 007 A1
EP 2 012 007 A1
EP 2 012 007 A1
EP 2 012 007 A1
EP 2 012 007 A1
10
EP 2 012 007 A1
11
EP 2 012 007 A1
12
EP 2 012 007 A1
13
EP 2 012 007 A1
14
EP 2 012 007 A1
15
EP 2 012 007 A1
16
&
(19)
(11)
EP 2 108 821 A2
(12)
(51) Int Cl.:

F03D 3/02 (2006.01)
14.10.2009 Bulletin 2009/42
F03D 3/06 (2006.01)

(22) Date of filing: 17.12.2008
(72) Inventors:
HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT
RO SE SI SK TR
AL BA MK RS
Wu, Gordon Ying Sheung

Hong Kong (HK)
Wu, Thomas Jefferson
Hong Kong (HK)
Wu, Caro
Hong Kong (HK)
(30) Priority: 29.02.2008 HK 08102329

24.04.2008
25.04.2008
14.07.2008
11.08.2008
(74) Representative: Martin, David John et al
HK 08104604
HK 08104651
HK 08107704
HK 08108816
(71) Applicant: Hopewell Wind Power Limited
Marks & Clerk LLP

5th Floor
14 South Parade
Leeds
LS1 5QS (GB)
Tortola (VI)
(54)
Shaftless vertical axis wind turbine
EP 2 108 821 A2
(57)
A shaftless vertical axis wind turbine has a stationary hollow core having inner and outer circular walls
with a void between the inner and outer walls. A rotor is
rotatably supported about the core and has a plurality of
radially extending rotor arms each having a wind engaging rotor blade located at a distal end.
EP 2 108 821 A2
EP 2 108 821 A2
EP 2 108 821 A2
10
EP 2 108 821 A2
11
EP 2 108 821 A2
12
EP 2 108 821 A2
13
EP 2 108 821 A2
14
EP 2 108 821 A2
15
EP 2 108 821 A2
16
EP 2 108 821 A2
17
EP 2 108 821 A2
18
EP 2 108 821 A2
19
EP 2 108 821 A2
20
EP 2 108 821 A2
21
EP 2 108 821 A2
22
EP 2 108 821 A2
23
EP 2 108 821 A2
24
EP 2 108 821 A2
25
EP 2 108 821 A2
26
EP 2 108 821 A2
27
(19)
&
(11)
EP 2 317 128 A1
(12)
(51) Int Cl.:
F03D 3/00 (2006.01)
04.05.2011 Bulletin 2011/18
F03D 11/02 (2006.01)

(22) Date of filing: 13.10.2010
(72) Inventors:
AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB
GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO
PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR
BA ME
WU, Gordon Ying Sheung

Hong Kong (HK)
WU, Thomas Jefferson
Hong Kong (HK)
(74) Representative: Hardy, Rosemary

(30) Priority: 30.10.2009 HK 09110157
(71) Applicant: Hopewell Wind Power Limited
Tortola (VI)
(54)
Marks & Clerk LLP

14 South Parade
5th Floor
Leeds LS1 5QS (GB)

a toothed wheel 41 mounted to the support structure 16.
A transmission 46, 6, 73, 74 is provided for transmitting
torque from the toothed wheel 41 to an electric generator
43.
EP 2 317 128 A1
(57)
A vertical axis wind turbine 10 has a rotor 15
carrying at least one blade 23 and mounted to a support
structure 16 for rotation about an upright rotor axis 29. A
pin wheel 36 fixed to the rotor 15 is drivingly meshed with
EP 2 317 128 A1
EP 2 317 128 A1
EP 2 317 128 A1
EP 2 317 128 A1
10
EP 2 317 128 A1
11
EP 2 317 128 A1
12
EP 2 317 128 A1
13
EP 2 317 128 A1
14
EP 2 317 128 A1
15
EP 2 317 128 A1
16
EP 2 317 128 A1
17
EP 2 317 128 A1
18
(19)
&
(11)
EP 2 410 173 A2
(12)
(51) Int Cl.:
F03D 3/04 (2006.01)
25.01.2012 Bulletin 2012/04

(22) Date of filing: 18.07.2011
BA ME
Roth, Jrg Walter

3065 Bolligen (CH)
(72) Inventor: The designation of the inventor has not

yet been filed
(74) Representative: Gygi, Andreas et al

(30) Priority: 20.07.2010 AR P000102666
Keller & Partner

Patentanwlte AG
Schmiedenplatz 5
Postfach
3000 Bern 7 (CH)
(71) Applicants:
Julia, Silvestre Egidio
7600 Mar del Plata (AR)
(54)

tical axis, such that kinetic energy of wind causes rotation
of the vertical axis; and
b) a fairing surrounding the rotor at least partly.
EP 2 410 173 A2
(57)
The invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, comprising:
a) a rotor including several blades connected to the ver-
EP 2 410 173 A2
EP 2 410 173 A2
EP 2 410 173 A2
EP 2 410 173 A2
EP 2 410 173 A2
(19)
&
(11)
EP 2 447 525 A1
(12)
(51) Int Cl.:
F03D 3/02 (2006.01)
02.05.2012 Bulletin 2012/18
F03D 3/04 (2006.01)

(22) Date of filing: 27.10.2010
(71) Applicant: Komjthy, Mikls
BA ME
(54)
1118 Budapest (HU)
(72) Inventor: Komjthy, Mikls

1118 Budapest (HU)

providing the rotational energy, while creating low-pressure area in the rotational angle of the returning blades.
As the utilizable wind energy becomes regulated due to
this equipment, so it allows the operation of windmill, wind
power machine and wind generator in case of low and
stormy wind conditions, as well.
EP 2 447 525 A1
(57)
The subject of this invention is to find the solution
of installation of the vertical-axle wind energies utilizer
equipments next to each other. The equipment/invention
is a wind flow control, which regulates the utilizable flow
energies to reach by the most ideal way the blades that
EP 2 447 525 A1
EP 2 447 525 A1
EP 2 447 525 A1
EP 2 447 525 A1
TEPZZ44956B_T
(19)
(11)
EP 2 449 256 B1
EUROPISCHE PATENTSCHRIFT
(12)
(45) Verffentlichungstag und Bekanntmachung des

Hinweises auf die Patenterteilung:
04.09.2013 Patentblatt 2013/36
(51) Int Cl.:
F03D 3/06 (2006.01)
(86) Internationale Anmeldenummer:

PCT/EP2010/001697
(21) Anmeldenummer: 10710222.0
(87) Internationale Verffentlichungsnummer:
(22) Anmeldetag: 12.03.2010
WO 2010/130315 (18.11.2010 Gazette 2010/46)
(54) SAVONIUS-ROTOR
SAVONIUS ROTOR
ROTOR DU TYPE SAVONIUS
(72) Erfinder: Schul, Karl Dirk
(84) Benannte Vertragsstaaten:

HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL
PT RO SE SI SK SM TR
(30) Prioritt: 01.10.2009 DE 102009043684

(43) Verffentlichungstag der Anmeldung:
66578 Schiffweiler (DE)
(74) Vertreter: Theobald, Andreas et al

Pateris
Patent- und Rechtsanwlte
Postfach 08 03 05
10003 Berlin (DE)
09.05.2012 Patentblatt 2012/19
(56) Entgegenhaltungen:
(73) Patentinhaber: Schul, Karl Dirk
EP 2 449 256 B1
66578 Schiffweiler (DE)
DE-U1-202007 009 187

US-A- 2 007 963
FR-A- 814 027
Anmerkung: Innerhalb von neun Monaten nach Bekanntmachung des Hinweises auf die Erteilung des europischen
Patents im Europischen Patentblatt kann jedermann nach Magabe der Ausfhrungsordnung beim Europischen
Patentamt gegen dieses Patent Einspruch einlegen. Der Einspruch gilt erst als eingelegt, wenn die Einspruchsgebhr
entrichtet worden ist. (Art. 99(1) Europisches Patentbereinkommen).
EP 2 449 256 B1
11
EP 2 449 256 B1
12
EP 2 449 256 B1
13
EP 2 449 256 B1
14
(19)
&
(11)
EP 2 455 610 A1
(12)
published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC
(51) Int Cl.:
F03D 3/00 (2006.01)

F03D 11/00 (2006.01)
H02K 9/04 (2006.01)
23.05.2012 Bulletin 2012/21
F03D 9/00 (2006.01)

H02K 7/20 (2006.01)
(86) International application number:
(22) Date of filing: 17.09.2009
PCT/CN2009/001041
(87) International publication number:

WO 2011/006284 (20.01.2011 Gazette 2011/03)
(72) Inventor: DENG, Yunhe
HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL
PT RO SE SI SK SM TR
(30) Priority: 16.07.2009 CN 200910041159
Guangdong 510460 (CN)
(74) Representative: Carpintero Lopez, Francisco et al

Herrero & Asociados, S.L.
Alcal 35
28014 Madrid (ES)
(71) Applicant: Guangzhou Yatu Wind Energy Co., Ltd

Guangdong 510460 (CN)
(54)
VERTICAL WIND POWER GENERATOR
EP 2 455 610 A1
(57)
A vertical wind power generator comprises a
tower column (1), at least one generator unit (2), at least
two blades (3), an excitation control device (16), a rotation
rectifying device (161), a bidirectional frequency converter (15), flanges (7-13), bearings (4-6), a cooling system,
a crane (80) and a lift system. The generator unit (2)
comprises a bracket (201), a generator (202) and an exciter (203). The bracket (201) comprises an outer bracket
(2011) and an inner bracket (2012). The generator (202)
comprises a stator (2021) and a rotor (2022). The exciter
(203) comprises a stator (2031) and a rotor (2032). The
vertical wind power generator can be manufactured at
reduced cost, be rapidly started, improve the utilization
efficiency of wind power, have a better cooling effect on
the generator (202) and increase its operating life, and
therefore reduce maintenance cost and time.
EP 2 455 610 A1
39
EP 2 455 610 A1
40
EP 2 455 610 A1
41
EP 2 455 610 A1
42
EP 2 455 610 A1
43
EP 2 455 610 A1
44
EP 2 455 610 A1
45
EP 2 455 610 A1
46
EP 2 455 610 A1
47
EP 2 455 610 A1
48
EP 2 455 610 A1
49
EP 2 455 610 A1
50
EP 2 455 610 A1
51
EP 2 455 610 A1
52
EP 2 455 610 A1
53
EP 2 455 610 A1
54
EP 2 455 610 A1
55
EP 2 455 610 A1
56
EP 2 455 610 A1
57
EP 2 455 610 A1
58
EP 2 455 610 A1
59
(19)
&
(11)
EP 2 479 424 A1
(12)
(51) Int Cl.:
F03D 3/06 (2006.01)

F03D 9/00 (2006.01)
25.07.2012 Bulletin 2012/30
F03D 3/00 (2006.01)

(22) Date of filing: 27.05.2011
(71) Applicant: Ariznabarreta Garabieta, Joseba
BA ME
20809 AIA Gipuzkoa (ES)
(72) Inventor: Ariznabarreta Garabieta, Joseba

20809 AIA Gipuzkoa (ES)
(30) Priority: 15.12.2010 ES 201001467

(54)
Vertical axis micro wind generator

bearings 9a, 9b and 9c, and planets 8a, 8b and 8c are
located, a crown gear fixed to base plate 6 and a sun
gear 12 rotating around shaft 3. Sun gear 12, joined to
the magnets plate 4, rotates in the same direction as
helical wing 1 and at a resultant speed as determined by
the planetary gear system (Figure 2).
EP 2 479 424 A1
(57)
A vertical axis micro wind generator is described, as comprising a Savonius type helical wing 1,
(Figure 1), two bearings 10a and 10b on each side of the
the wing, a base 2 joined to wing 1 with shafts 7a, 7b and
7c protruding from the bottom side of base 2 where 3
EP 2 479 424 A1
EP 2 479 424 A1
EP 2 479 424 A1
EP 2 479 424 A1
EP 2 479 424 A1
EP 2 479 424 A1
EP 2 479 424 A1
EP 2 479 424 A1
10
[11]
3,876,925
Stoeckert
[451
Apr. 8, 1975
[54] WIND TURBINE DRIVEN GENERATOR TO

RECIIARGE BATTERIES IN ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
[76] Inventor: Christian Stoeckert, PO. Box 993,
Jetersville, Va. 23083
[221 Filed:
Jan. 2, 1974
[21] Appl. No.: 430,048

[52]
US. Cl. ....................... .. 322/1; 290/55; 180/65

Int. Cl. ........................................... .. B601 11/18
[58]
Field of Search ............ .. 320/2, 61; 322/1, 100;
290/44, 55; 180/1 P, 60, 65

'
vehicles, and particularly an automotive electrically

driven vehicle, the mechanical combination wherein
wind driven vanes of particular design are mounted to
rotate about a vertical shaft disposed in or on the roof
of the vehicle, said vanes being completely enclosed

within a suitable housing of either rectangular or cir
cular con?guration. When of rectangular shape the _
housing has at least four air current receiving open
[51]
[S6]
of batteries utilized as the power source for various
References Cited

1,152,666
9/1915
Sterner ........................... .. 290/44 X
1,315,595
9/1919
Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.571.303
3,621,930
2/1926
11/1971
. . . ..
290/55
Schafran ...................... .. 290/44

Dutchak ......................... .. 290/5-5 X
ings, one on each side, each of which do in turn serve

as exhaust outlets depending on direction of predomi
nant air pressure, and, when of circular con?guration,

the housing has but one air current receiving vent,
with that vent revolving to face the direction of any
wind current by the impetus ofa wind vane on the top
thereof. In either case the arrangement is such that the
said wind driven vanes rotate while the vehicle is
under way, or, if air currents are prevalent, even while
the vehicle is not in motion, thus to drive a suitably
mounted generator for more or less continuous re
charge of the battery system. Said generator is

mounted within the hub around which said vanes ro
Primary E.\'aminer-J. D. Miller

Assistant Examiner-Robert J. Hickey
tate, and comprises a stationary stator, and rotating

rotor, the latter being wind driven by the rotating
vanes.
[57]
ABSTRACT
In a wind turbine driven generator for the recharging
[11]
4,179,007
Howe
[45]
Dec. 18, 1979
[54]
WIND OPERATED POWER GENERATING
3,878,913
4/1975
Lionts .......................... .. 1807/65 DD
APPARATUS
4,039,849
8/1977
Mater
4,047,833
9/1977
Decker . . . . .
4,086,498
4/1978
Szoeke ................................. .. 290/55
[76] Inventor:
Robert R- Howe, 4229 Timber Valley
.. .....
. . . . . . . ..
290/44
. . . . .. 290/55
Ct" Decatur Ga 30032

[21] App]. No.: 911,464
[22] Filed:
Jun. 1, 1978
Primary ExaminerDavid M. Mitchell

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Jones, Thomas & Askew
[57]
ABSTRACT
[51] Int. Cl.2 ............................................ .. B60L 11/00

[52] US. Cl. ........................ .. 180/65 DD; 290/55
[58] Field of Search ..................... .. 180/65 DD, 65 R;
A Wind operated electrical power generating device

mounted on a self-propelled vehicle comprises a wind
rotated rotor mounted on a ?ywheel and at least one
290/44, 55
_
[56]
References cued
?ywheel, in the preferred embodiment, comprises a

1531370
3/1925
Beavers
317131505
1/1973
Haan
generator which is powered by the rotating ?ywheel.

The operative connection between the generator and
wheel mounted on the generator shaft and tracking

'
290/55
'''
' ' ' ' "1.50/65 DD

.......... .. 290/44
3,721,290
3/1973
Butler, Jr, .
3,876,925
4/1975
Stoeckert ..................... .. 180/65 DD
within a continuous grooved channel formed in the

inner r Outer Periphery 0f the ?ywheel
U.S. Patent
Dec.
1979
Sheet 1 of 3
4,179,007
US. Patent
Dec. 18, 1979
Sheet 2 of 3
US. Patent
w/
Dec. 18, 1979
Sheet 3 of 3
45
4,179,007
43
US008454312B2

Chen
(54)
WIND POWER GENERATOR APPARATUS
(56)
3,876,925 A
Asslgnee: Jetpro Technology, Inc., Ta1nan County

(TW)
Notice:
6,030,173 A *
2004/0115039 Al*

U.S.C. 154(b) by 726 days.
(21) Appl.No.: 12/729,390
Jun. 4, 2013
References Cited
Shih-Hsiung Chen, Yongkang (TW)
(*)
US 8,454,312 B2
(75) Inventor:
(73)
(10) Patent No.:
4/1975
Stoeckert ..................... .. 415/4.4
2/2000 Bacchiocchi
415/98
6/2004 Botros et a1. ................ .. 415/101
* cited by examiner
Primary Examiner * Richard Edgar
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm *Chun-Ming Shih; HDLS

IPR Services
(22) Filed:
Mar. 23, 2010
(65)

US 2011/0254278 A1
(30)
Oct. 20, 2011
Jun. 16, 2009
Int. C].
F03D 3/04
(52) US. Cl.
(TW) ............................. .. 98210746 U
ABSTRACT
A Wind poWer generator apparatus includes a housing (10)

having a chamber (11), a Wind generator set (20) in the cham
ber (11) and a Wind collector (30) coupled to the Wind gen
erator set (20). The Wind generator set (20) includes a base
(21) ?xed in the housing (10), a generator (22) mounted on the

base (21) and a blade Wheel (23) coupled to the generator
(51)
(2006.01)
USPC ............................ .. 416/55; 415/102; 415/905
(58)
(57)
(22). The Wind generator set (20) can be installed in a vehicle
(50) for generating electric poWer during driving. The poWer

generated by the Wind generator set (20) can be stored orused
to charge the vehicle (50).
USPC ............ .. 416/55; 415/101, 102, 93, 205, 120,
415/68, 66, 95, 94, 224, 224.5

US. Patent
Jun. 4, 2013
Sheet 1 of5
US 8,454,312 B2
US. Patent
Jun. 4, 2013
Sheet 2 of5
US 8,454,312 B2
US. Patent
Jun. 4, 2013
Sheet 3 of5
US 8,454,312 B2
US. Patent
Jun. 4, 2013
Sheet 4 of5
US 8,454,312 B2
<
o
N
<
N
N
24A
F|G.4
US. Patent
Jun. 4, 2013
Sheet 5 of5
US 8,454,312 B2
Y
r
C
f. I.
US 20 1 0007823 5A1
(19) United States

Tassin
(54)
(43) Pub. Date:
VEHICULAR POWER GENERATION DEVICE

_
(76) Inventor:
(51)
Jimmy Tassln, St. Louis, MO (US)
Int. Cl.
360K 16/00
(52)
L.C. BEGIN & ASSOCIATES, PLLC

510 HIGHLAND AVENUE PMB 403
MILFORD, MI 48381 (Us)
Apr. 1, 2010
(200601)
US. Cl. ................................................... .. ISO/65.31
(57)
ABSTRACT
One embodiment of a vehicular poWer generating device for
providing electrical poWer to the vehicle includes an air chan
nel for ducting air Within a vehicular compartment and directs
(21) Appl. No.:
12/557,998
the air toWards a housing. The housing includes a rotatably
(22)
Filed.
sep_ 11, 2009
(60)

Provisional application NO_ 61 /194,859, ?led on Oct
poWer for producing vehicles motivational force. The gen

erator also supplies electricity to various electrical compo
1,2008.
nents of the vehicle.
attached Wheel that rotates When the directed air comes in
contact With vanes of the Wheel. The Wheel is further attached

to a generator that rotates conjointly With the Wheel. The
generator creates electrical energy, Which provides electrical
24
20
~21
22
30
Patent Application Publication
Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 1 0f 6
FIG. 1
US 2010/0078235 A1
Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 2 0f 6
US 2010/0078235 A1
A \7|
20
10
f2?)
/_
30
A \7|
FIG. 2
Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 3 0f 6
US 2010/0078235 A1
24
20
w
(AV
i
30
FIG. 3
Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 4 0f 6
FIG. 4
US 2010/0078235 A1
Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 5 0f 6
US 2010/0078235 A1
12
FIG. 5
Apr. 1, 2010 Sheet 6 0f 6
FIG. 6
US 2010/0078235 A1

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This brochure

High power means intercepting wind P2

FTC Energy is bringing clean, high

The Strength of an Arch

Physical Dimensions Can Be Changed

The vertical pole under the

turbine can be adjusted vertically to position the turbine in

winds than others, we often need to make the size of the

To solve this issue, we went back to a

architectural shape that has been used for thousands of

This arch redirects the side loading

downwards. We can change this shape to match the need

Our wind tunnel tests

100 KW, 259,701

Multiple DC Voltage Options

For example, our 250 KW generator can be configured

Power Range 25 KW to 250 KW

FTC Energy, Inc.

Savonius Type 200 Watt 12V Wind Generator

Your online bookshop for rare, used and new books

Savonius Type 200 Watt 12V Wind Generator

About these plans

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Savonius 12V - 200 Watt Wind Generator

Wind energy associations

Magazines and information services

Places to visit in the United Kingdom

Scientific and research institutions

General wind power links

Homebuilt wind turbines

Andy Little's Homemade Wind Generator

for building a Savonius Rotor

The Savonius Hotor is a vertical-shaft

-__ -Colwrcmc ROD

It consists of the krcentric.

CONNECTING ROD FOW lh.

backlash. lhpre should also be an oil hose for

S~IICT 11~~putnp is :I 5iuglr uVt1ug diaphragm

rhe horizontal :\rnI of the! hell crank will

vertical dotted lint tcl fhe base scalr and read

(iraph No. 2, Curve A. gives the output of thr

Pumping at Heads of More Than 30 Feet

30 ft. l/R tliilmetcnr (;:ilvanizrd

TECHNICAL NOTESON THE DIAPHRAGMPUMP

The diaphragm should be of fairly

The stroke may well have to be increased to one or tw> inches,

It was found, in practice

The pump rod and connecting rod end connections

Savonius Type 200 Watt 12V Wind Generator