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CS Fallback
Feature Parameter Description
Issue
01
Date
2010-07-30
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be
within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,
information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or
representations of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Website:
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Email:
support@huawei.com
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Contents
Contents
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope.............................................................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Intended Audience.........................................................................................................................................1-1
1.3 Change History..............................................................................................................................................1-1
2 Overview of CSFB......................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Architecture for CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN .................................................................................................2-2
2.2 Architecture for CSFB to CDMA2000 1xRTT..............................................................................................2-3
T
4 Engineering Guidelines............................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Network Selection for CSFB.........................................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Setting of Blind Handover Priorities for CSFB.............................................................................................4-1
4.3 Setting of Handover Parameters for CSFB ...................................................................................................4-2
5 Parameters ...................................................................................................................................5-1
6 Counters .......................................................................................................................................6-1
7 Glossary .......................................................................................................................................7-1
7.1 Terms.............................................................................................................................................................7-1
7.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................7-1
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1 Introduction
ii
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1 Introduction
Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document describes the Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) feature with its main focus on
the voice service fallback procedures. It also provides engineering guidelines for setting the
essential parameters related to this feature.
Feature change: refers to the change in the CSFB feature of a specific product version.
Editorial change: refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that
was not described in the earlier version.
Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
z
01 (2010-07-30)
Draft (2010-05-20)
01 (2010-07-30)
Compared with draft (2010-05-20), issue 01 (2010-07-30) incorporates the changes described
in the following table.
Change Type
Change Description
Parameter Change
Feature change
None.
None.
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1 Introduction
Change Type
Change Description
Parameter Change
Editorial change
None.
Draft (2010-05-20)
This is the draft.
1-2
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2 Overview of CSFB
Overview of CSFB
In the initial phase of Evolved Packet System (EPS) network deployment, operators owning
mature 2G or 3G networks may adopt the following policy based on their Long Term
Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE) deployment plans: Use the legacy
Circuit Switched (CS) voice solutions to provide voice services, and use the LTE/SAE
network to provide Packet Switched (PS) services, including IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
data services. This policy protects the CS investments of the operators.
From the technological perspective, three solutions are available for voice service
provisioning in LTE networks: Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), CSFB, and
Voice over LTE via Generic Access Technology (VoLGA). Based on the analysis of
technological maturity, industry chain, and deployment costs, CSFB can be used as an interim
solution for CS service access before mature commercial use of IMS, to better utilize the
existing CS networks. For details about CSFB, SRVCC, and VoLGA, see reference
documents [1], [2], and [3] respectively.
When UEs under LTE coverage attempt to process CS services, CSFB enables switching of
the UEs back to CS networks. In this way, the CS domain is reused to provide CS services for
users in the EPS.
CSFB is essentially a session setup procedure. That is, UEs fall back to the CS networks
before CS voice sessions are set up. The UEs are always located in the CS networks during
the voice sessions. The CSFB feature is applicable in scenarios where the LTE network
overlaps a 2G or 3G CS network. When such an LTE network is deployed, all Visited Mobile
Switching Centers (VMSCs) that serve overlapping areas with the LTE coverage must be
upgraded to support the functions such as combined TA/LA update, paging, and Short
Message Service (SMS) on the SGs interface, which is similar to the Gs interface. In a word,
CSFB features simple network architecture, with the IMS system not required.
Huawei CSFB solutions provide CSFB of voice and SMS services (in either a
mobile-originated case or a mobile-terminated case) to a 2G or 3G network. The target
network may be the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), GSM EDGE
Radio Access Network (GERAN), or CDMA2000 1x Radio Transmission Technology
(1xRTT) network.
This document describes optional features LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN,
LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to GERAN, and LOFD-001035 CS Fallback to CDMA2000
1xRTT.
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2 Overview of CSFB
The subsequent sections describe the CSFB of voice and SMS services from Evolved
UTRAN (E-UTRAN) to UTRAN/GERAN.
Voice Service
The prerequisite for the CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN is that the UE is attached to E-UTRAN
and also UTRAN/GERAN that covers the same area as E-UTRAN.
When the UE initiates a voice call, the UE sends the MME a Non Access Stratum (NAS)
message, which notifies the MME of the call. Under the instruction from the MME, the
E-UTRAN performs CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN. Then, the UE makes the voice call in the
target UTRAN/GERAN.
When a voice call towards the UE arrives, the MSC informs the MME of the call arrival. The
MME pages the UE in E-UTRAN. After the UE responds to the paging, E-UTRAN performs
CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN. Then, the UE receives the voice call in the target
UTRAN/GERAN.
SMS Service
The prerequisite for the CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN is that the UE is attached to E-UTRAN
and also UTRAN/GERAN that covers the same area as E-UTRAN.
When the UE initiates an SMS service, the UE sends the MME an NAS message that carries
the SMS. The MME sends the SMS to the MSC for processing.
When an SMS towards the UE arrives, the MSC sends the SMS to the MME, and E-UTRAN
pages the UE. Then, the MME sends the UE an NAS message that carries the SMS.
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2 Overview of CSFB
During the SMS session, E-UTRAN transmits the SMS transparently. That is, E-UTRAN
does not process the SMS. This document describes the CSFB of voice services only. For
details about the CSFB of SMS services, see reference document [1].
The subsequent sections describe the CSFB of voice and SMS services from E-UTRAN to
CDMA2000 1xRTT.
Voice Service
The prerequisite for the CSFB to CDMA2000 1xRTT is that the UE is attached to E-UTRAN
and registers on the CS domain of the CDMA2000 1xRTT network.
When the UE initiates a voice call, the UE sends the MME an NAS message, which notifies
the MME of the call. Under the instruction from the MME, E-UTRAN performs CSFB to
CDMA2000 1xRTT. (In this case, if there is any S1-U connection dedicated to the UE, the
MME releases all the S1-U connections dedicated to the UE.) Then, the UE makes the voice
call in the target CDMA2000 1xRTT network.
When a voice call towards the UE arrives, the CDMA2000 1xRTT network informs the MME
of the call arrival. The MME sends a paging message through E-UTRAN to the UE. If the UE
accepts the call, the UE sends an NAS message to the MME. Under the instruction from the
MME, E-UTRAN performs CSFB to CDMA2000 1xRTT. (In this case, if there is any S1-U
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2 Overview of CSFB
connection dedicated to the UE, the MME releases all the S1-U connections dedicated to the
UE.) Then, the UE receives the voice call in the target CDMA2000 1xRTT network.
SMS Service
The prerequisite for the CSFB to CDMA2000 1xRTT is that the UE is attached to E-UTRAN
and registers on the CS domain of the CDMA2000 1xRTT network.
When the UE initiates an SMS service, the UE sends E-UTRAN a Radio Resource Control
(RRC) message that carries the SMS, and E-UTRAN forwards the message to the MME.
Then, the MME sends the SMS to the 1xCS IWS for processing.
When an SMS towards the UE arrives, the 1xCS IWS sends the SMS to the MME and the
MME forwards the SMS to E-UTRAN. E-UTRAN sends the UE an RRC message that carries
the SMS.
During the SMS session, E-UTRAN transmits the SMS transparently. That is, E-UTRAN
does not process the SMS. This document describes the CSFB of voice services only. For
details about the CSFB of SMS services, see reference document [1].
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3.1 Overview
When a UE is attached to the CS domain and cannot initiate an IMS voice session, it sends an
Extended Service Request (CS Fallback Indicator) to the MME. Based on this request
indication, the MME will perform CSFB. The CSFB enables fallback of the voice service to
the target network through handover. For details about handover, see the Mobility
Management in Connected Mode Feature Parameter Description.
Figure 3-1 shows the CSFB procedure of a voice service.
Figure 3-1 CSFB procedure of a voice service
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Triggering phase
The eNodeB receives a CS Fallback Indicator from the MME. If the eNodeB supports
blind handovers to an inter-RAT system, it performs a blind handover without delivering
the measurement configuration to the UE. Otherwise, the eNodeB delivers the
measurement configuration to the UE. Compared with measurement-based handovers,
blind handovers can reduce the access delay. Therefore, blind handovers take precedence
over measurement-based handovers. Blind handovers, however, have an impact on the
handover success rate.
Measurement phase
The eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration, and the UE performs
inter-RAT measurements accordingly.
Decision phase
The eNodeB checks the measurement results and generates a list of candidate cells.
Execution phase
The eNodeB executes CSFB to enable the UE to initiate the voice call in the target cell.
The ongoing PS services of the UE might be handed over to the target cell or suspended
in the source cell. The action to take depends on the PS handover and PS service
capabilities of the target network. If the target network supports PS handovers, the
eNodeB performs a PS handover to the target network. Otherwise, the eNodeB suspends
the PS services in the source cell.
This chapter describes the CSFB procedure of voice services and the typical signaling
procedures.
If the eNodeB is configured to provide blind handovers (that is, if the BlindHoSwitch
parameter is set to ON), it does not deliver the measurement configuration to the UE.
Instead, the eNodeB performs a blind handover.
During the blind handover, a list of candidate cells is generated on the basis of the blind
handover priorities, which are determined by both the RAT-specific priorities and the
cell-specific priorities. Of these candidate cells, cells in a system with a higher blind
handover priority take precedence over cells in a system with a lower priority. In
addition, cells in one system are ranked in descending order of their blind handover
priorities.
The RAT-specific priorities used in blind handovers for CSFB are defined through the
InterRatHighestPri, InterRatSecondPri, and InterRatLowestPri parameters. For
details, see section 4.1 "Network Selection for CSFB."
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where:
z
Ofn is the frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the neighboring cell. It is
contained in the associated measurement object Information Element (IE) in the
measurement configuration.
Hys is the hysteresis for event B1. The hysteresis values for CSFB to UTRAN, GERAN,
and CDMA2000 are included in the delivered measurement configuration.
Thresh is the threshold for event B1. The values of Thresh are set on the basis of the
measurement quantities of each RAT.
The Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) threshold for CSFB to UTRAN, Ec/No
threshold for CSFB to UTRAN, threshold for CSFB to GERAN, and threshold for CSFB
to CDMA2000 1xRTT are specified through the CsfbHoUtranB1ThdRSCP,
CsfbHoUtranB1ThdECN0, CsfbHoGeranB1Thd, and CsfbHoCDMAB1ThdPS
parameters respectively.
When the triggering condition of event B1 is met, the UE reports the information about the
cells that meet the condition. The time-to-trigger for event B1 related to CSFB to UTRAN,
GERAN, or CDMA2000 1xRTT is specified through the CsfbHoUtranTimeToTrig,
CsfbHoGeranTimeToTrig, or CsfbHoCDMATimeToTrig parameter respectively.
The parameters related to periodic reporting of event B1 for CSFB (that is, the
frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the neighboring cell, hysteresis, reporting
interval, maximum number of cells contained in one report, and number of periodic reports)
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are the same as those related to periodic reporting of event B1 for inter-RAT handovers. For
details, see the Mobility Management in Connected Mode Feature Parameter Description.
Method
Selection Rule
UTRAN
PS handover
Redirection
PS handover
Redirection
GERAN
CDMA2000 1xRTT
Redirection
3-4
CCO/NACC is specific to the GSM cases. During the CCO/NACC, the UE is ordered to
switch to the GERAN idle mode, and consequently it can try to access the GSM network.
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The procedure is simple but causes a long delay. For details about CCO/NACC, see the
Mobility Management in Connected Mode Feature Parameter Description.
z
Redirection is a process in which the eNodeB selects the highest ranked frequency based
on the configuration of frequency priorities and sends the information to the UEs through
system information. It occurs when the resources for UEs in an overloaded E-UTRAN
cell are released. For details about redirection, see the Idle Mode Management Feature
Parameter Description.
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3-6
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3-8
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4 Engineering Guidelines
Engineering Guidelines
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4 Engineering Guidelines
4-2
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5 Parameters
Parameters
Parameter ID
Description
ENODEBALGO
SWITCH
CSFBHoSwitch
ENODEBALGO
SWITCH
BlindHoSwitch
CSFBBLINDHO
CFG
InterRatHighestPri
CSFBBLINDHO
CFG
InterRatSecondPri
CSFBBLINDHO
CFG
InterRatLowestPri
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5 Parameters
MO
Parameter ID
Description
CSFALLBACK
HO
CsfbHoUtranTimeT
oTrig
CSFALLBACK
HO
CsfbHoGeranTimeT
oTrig
CSFALLBACK
HO
CsfbHoCDMATime
ToTrig
CSFALLBACK
HO
CsfbHoUtranB1Thd
RSCP
5-2
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5 Parameters
MO
Parameter ID
Description
CSFALLBACK
HO
CsfbHoUtranB1Thd
ECN0
CSFALLBACK
HO
CsfbHoGeranB1Thd
CSFALLBACK
HO
CsfbHoCDMAB1Th
dPS
Parameter
ID
Default
Value
GUI Value
Range
Actual Value
Range
Unit
MML
Command
ENODEBAL
GOSWITCH
CSFBHoSw
itch
UTRAN_
FALLBA
CK_SW
TICH:off
,
GERAN_
FALLBA
CK_SW
TICH:off
,
CDMA_
1XRTT_
FALLBA
CK_SW
TICH:off
UTRAN_FALLB
ACK_SWTICH,
GERAN_FALLB
ACK_SWTICH,
CDMA_1XRTT_
FALLBACK_SW
TICH
UTRAN_FALLBA
CK_SWTICH,
GERAN_FALLBA
CK_SWTICH,
CDMA_1XRTT_FA
LLBACK_SWTICH
None
MOD
ENODEBALGO
SWITCH
ENODEBAL
GOSWITCH
BlindHoSw
itch
OFF
OFF, ON
OFF, ON
None
MOD
ENODEBALGO
SWITCH
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5 Parameters
MO
Parameter
ID
Default
Value
GUI Value
Range
Actual Value
Range
Unit
MML
Command
CSFBBLIN
DHOCFG
InterRatHig
hestPri
UTRAN
UTRAN,
GERAN,
CDMA2000
UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000
None
MOD
CSFBBLINDHO
CFG
CSFBBLIN
DHOCFG
InterRatSec
ondPri
GERAN
UTRAN,
GERAN,
CDMA2000,
NULL
UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL
None
MOD
CSFBBLINDHO
CFG
CSFBBLIN
DHOCFG
InterRatLo
westPri
CDMA2
000
UTRAN,
GERAN,
CDMA2000,
NULL
UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL
None
MOD
CSFBBLINDHO
CFG
CSFALLBA
CKHO
CsfbHoUtra
nTimeToTri
g
40ms
ms
MOD
CSFALLBACKH
O
CSFALLBA
CKHO
CsfbHoGer
anTimeToT
rig
40ms
ms
MOD
CSFALLBACKH
O
CSFALLBA
CKHO
CsfbHoCD
MATimeTo
Trig
40ms
ms
MOD
CSFALLBACKH
O
CSFALLBA
CKHO
CsfbHoUtra
nB1ThdRS
CP
-106
-120~-25
-120~-25
dBm
MOD
CSFALLBACKH
O
CSFALLBA
CKHO
CsfbHoUtra
nB1ThdEC
N0
-13
-48~0
-24~0
0.5dB
MOD
CSFALLBACKH
O
CSFALLBA
CKHO
CsfbHoGer
anB1Thd
-103
-110~-48
-110~-48
dBm
MOD
CSFALLBACKH
O
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5 Parameters
MO
Parameter
ID
Default
Value
GUI Value
Range
Actual Value
Range
Unit
MML
Command
CSFALLBA
CKHO
CsfbHoCD
MAB1ThdP
S
-34
-63~0
-31.5~0
0.5dB
MOD
CSFALLBACKH
O
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6 Counters
Counters
For details about the counters related to CSFB, see the eNodeB Performance Counter
Reference.
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7 Glossary
Glossary
7.1 Terms
None.
3GPP
CCO
CDMA2000
1xRTT
CS
Circuit Switched
CSFB
eNodeB
E-UTRAN NodeB
EPS
E-UTRAN
Evolved UTRAN
GERAN
IE
Information Element
IMS
IP Multimedia Subsystem
KPI
LA
Location Area
LTE
MME
MO
Managed Object
MSC
NACC
NAS
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7 Glossary
7-2
PLMN
PS
Packet Switched
RAT
RRC
RSCP
SAE
SMS
SRVCC
TA
Tracking Area
UE
User Equipment
UTRAN
VMSC
VoLGA
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8 Reference Documents
Reference Documents
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