PC-11: Global Diesel Oil Category

Focused on Engine Durability,

After-Treatment Compatibility
p
y
and Fuel Economy
James A. McGeehan
SAE Fellow
Chevron Fellow
CEng. MIMechE
ASTM Chairman of Heavy
Heavy-Duty
Duty Engine Oil Classification Panel

37th API Automotive/Petroleum Industry Forum

April
p 17, 2012

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Emissions Reductions Driving Increases in Oil Quality

14.4
14

8.05

NO
Ox, g/kW-Hrr

6.7 6.7
10

5.4
3.3

1988
1990
1991

1.5
15
2

1994

0.27
1998

0.013
0 134
0.134
0.33

2000
2002
2003
2007
0.80

2010

CJ-4
2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

CI-4
Plus

CE

CF-4
CG 4
CG-4

CH-4

CI-4

Emissions Standards Met by Fuel Sulfur Reductions,

Improvements in Combustion
Combustion, and After-Treatment Systems
14.4
14

8.05

NO
Ox, g/kW-Hrr

6.7 6.7
10

5.4
3.3

1988
1990
1991

1.5
15
2

1994

0.27
1998

0.013
0 134
0.134
0.33

2000

2002

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)

2003

2007
0.80

2010

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)

EGR + DPF + Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

Global Emissions Met With EGR+DPF+SCR by the

Majority of Engine Manufacturers
P ti l t g/kW-h
Particulate,
/kW h

Slip

0.04
Exhaust Inlet

Japan, 2007

Oxicat

Slip

SCR

SCR

DPF
((Cordierite))

SCR

SCR

0.02
Euro 4, 2006

Euro 5, 2009

Urea
Injection

0.01
U.S. 07, 2007

0.00

0.27

U.S. 10, 2010

0.46 0.7

1.0

Euro 6, 2013

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

2.0

3.0
NOx, g/kW-h

Japan 2010
4

Exhaust Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)

Engine
E h
Exhaust
t

Clean
Exhaust

Due to engine oil

consumption, over 90% of
the incombustibles in DPF
are derived from the
lubricants additives.

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

To Ensure After-Treatment Compatibility and to Minimize

Incombustibles in DPF, API CJ-4 and PC-11 Limit Fresh Oil
Chemicals
Phosphorus
0 12% wtt
0.12%

Sulfur
S
lf
0.4% wt

Sulfated Ash
1.0% wt

API Group II / III

Sulfur-Free Base
Oils
Volatility
13%
2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Fuel Economy Standards, Changes in Engine

Technology and Renewable Fuels are Driving PC
Technology,
PC-11
11

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

PC-11 Improves Fuel Economy by Lowering

High Temp/High Shear Viscosity for SAE XW
High-Temp/High
XW-30
30 Oils
Historical Limit

OEM Dependent
p

Backward compatible with

previous categories

New limit specified by OEM

SAE XW-30
HT/HS: 3.5 mPa-s*

SAE XW-30
HT/HS: 2.9 mPa-s*

PC-11, API CJ-4, ACEA

PC-11

* 150C in tapered bearing simulator

Maintaining engine durability will be critical

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

PC-11: Split Into Two Oil Sub-Categories for SAE XW-30

Historical Limit

OEM Dependent
p

Backward
Compatible

OEM Dependent

On- & Off-Highway

On-Highway Fuel
Economy

SAE XW-30
HT/HS: 3.5 mPa-s

SAE XW-30
HT/HS: 2.9 mPa-s

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

PC-11: No Change in the High-Temp/High Shear

Viscosity for SAE XW-40
XW 40 Oils
Historical Limit/SAE J300
Backward compatible

SAE XW-40
HT/HS: 3.7 mPa-s in SAE J300
PC-11, API CJ-4, ACEA Categories

Maintaining engine durability will be critical

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

10

PC-11 Has No Fuel Economy Test

Engine Test

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

TMC/SAE Type II Fuel Economy

Truck Test

Due to Duty Cycle and Durability Concerns Off-Highway

May Only Use Backward Compatible PC-11 Oil

DPF required on
off-highway
ff hi h
in
i 2011
2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

12

9 Engine Tests in API CJ-4 for Engine Durability

Cummins
C
i
ISB
Cummins
GM
ISM
6.5L
Cat
C-13
C
13

Cat 1N
SAE

Navistar
7.3L
Gasoline
IIIF/G
2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Mack
T-11
Mack
T 12
T-12

Carryover
y
to PC-11

Well Proven Tests in API CJ-4 Carried Over to PC-11

Tests in PC-11

Parameters

Cummins ISB

Valve train wear

Cam and
tappet

Cummins ISM

Caterpillar C-13

Mack T-11

Valve-train
wear, sludge,
filter delta P

Injector
screws
sc
e s

Piston deposits
and oil
consumption
ti
Viscosity
control
due to soot

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Forged steel
piston
i t

Good
i
it
viscosity
control

Poor
i
it
viscosity
control
14

Three New Tests Under Development in PC-11

Tests in PC
PC-11
11

Parameters

Daimler DD13
(EPA 2010
Technology)

Scuffing Test, Ring,

Liner, Bearing,
Wrist-Pin
Bearings

Cat C13 Test

Cylinder liner

Piston rings &

wrist-pin

Aeration Control
Variable valve timing

Volvo/Mack T-13
(EPA 2010
Technology)

Oxidation and Ring

Liner/Bearing Wear
Control

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Oxidation control required

to prevent copper lead
bearing corrosion

15

Ongoing PC-11 Development of Caterpillar,

Volvo/Mack T13 and Daimler DD13 Tests

Caterpillar C13

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Volvo/Mack T13

Daimler DD13 Tests

16

Seven Multi-Cylinder Engine Tests in PC-11 to Date

Cummins
C
i
ISB
Cummins
ISM

To be
determined

SAE
Cat C13
Aeration

New tests
2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Volvo/
Mack
T13

Cat
C13
Mack
T-11

Daimler
DD13

Carryover
y
tests to
PC-11

Global Mix of Engines in PC-11

Daimler Volvo
Daimler,
Volvo, Cummins
Cummins, Caterpillar

Daimler DD13

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Volvo/Mack MP8

18

Three New Bench Tests Under Consideration for PC-11

Tests in PC-11

Parameters

Biodiesel Test

Corrosion and Low

Temperature Pumpability

Shear Stability Test

Viscosity Control

Oxidation

Viscosity Control

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

19

PC-11 Timeline for API License in January 2016

Start of
PC-11
ASTM
Task Name

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q

EMA Request
DEOAP

Test
Acceptance

New Category
E l ti Team
Evaluation
T
New Category
Development Team
Test Development
Precision Matrix
Technology Demonstration
Product Qualification/
API Licensing
Oils in Market

The same five-year timeline as API CJ-4 development.

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Oil Matrix
Completes
Finalize
Limits

API
Licensing

A Well Defined Process for Heavy-Duty Oil Category

Development
EMA

API

Engine
Manufacturers
Association

American
Petroleum
Institute

DEOAP
Diesel Engine Oil
Advisory Panel

Test Monitoring
Center (TMC) &
Test Surveillance
Panels

ASTM
HDEOCP

SAE
J300

API 1509 C
Doc ment
Document

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Sub-Teams
Sub
Teams
NCET &
NCDT

ASTM D4485
Specification

ACC
American Chemistry Council

Code of Practice

21

PC-11 Meets Global Customer and Engine Manufacturers

Requirements With First License January 2016
Requirements,

API Group II/III

Base Stocks

Ultra Low Sulfur

Diesel Fuel
(% Biodiesel)

DPF+SCR+EGR
for Emissions
2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

Durability and
Reliability

API

Fuel
Economy
Reducing
CO2

Global Engine
Platforms

Thank you for your time.

I welcome anyy questions.

2012 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved.

23