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ChineseHistoryHanDynastymapandgeography(www.chinaknowledge.de)

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ChineseHistoryHandynastymapandgeography
PrehistoryandXia
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WesternXia(Tanguts)
Yuan(Mongols)
Ming
Qing(Manchu)
RepublicofChina
(191149)
People'sRepublic
TaiwanR.O.C.

FromthecapitalChang'an(modernXi'an,Shaanxi)theFormerHan
empire(206BCE8CE)wasadministratedinregionsor"provinces"
(zhouinthemapincouriertypeandunderlined)andsubordinated
commanderies(jun)andprincedoms(wangguoinvioletletters).
ThenumberofprincedomschangedduringthefourcenturiesofFormerand
LaterHanperiods,butitcanbeobservedthatthemainareasofprincipal
fiefdomswerethemodernprovincesShandong,JiangsuandHebei.When
LiuBangbecameemperorofHan(HanGaozu,r.206195BCE)
heenfeoffedsevenfollowersaskings,thesocallednonfamiliarprinces
(yixingwangunderlinedred).In154BCsevenprincesrebelled
againstEmperorJing(r.157141BCE,underlinedyellow).The
capitalregionwascalledSili"Directlyadministered",andthecapital
commanderywastheJingzhaogouvernement.

Regionsorprovinces(zhou)oftheHanEmpire
region

modernlocation

Sili

southernShaanxi

MapandGeography
EventHistory
EmperorsandRulers
GovernmentandAdministration
LiteratureandPhilosophy
Religion
TechnologyandInventions

Shuofang northernShaanxi
Liangzhou

Gansu

Bingzhou Shanxi
Jizhou

southernHebei

Youzhou

northernHebei,Beijing,Tianjin,Liaoning

Economy
Arts

Qingzhou Shandong
Yanzhou

northernAnhui,Henan

Xuzhou

northernJiangsu

Yangzhou

southernJiangsu,Shanghai,southernAnhui,Zhejiang,
Fujian

Jingzhou Hubei,Hunan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Guizhou
Yizhou

Sichuan,Chongqing,Yunnan

Jiaozhi

Hainan,northofmodernVietnam

UnderEmperorWuthegreatexpansionoftheHanempiretookplace,
firstbydefeatingtheXiongnu,thenbytheadvanceofChinesesarmies,
andlatercolonists,intomodernGansuprovince,Korea(fromthe
commanderiesLelang/Nangnang,Canghai/Changhae,
Lintun/ImdunandZhenfan/Chinbnonlythefirstwaspermanent
Xuantu/Hyndowaslatermovedwestwards),Yunnanprovinceand
GuangzhouprovinceandthenorthofmodernVietnam(commanderies
Jiaozhi/GiaoCh,Jiuzhen/CuChnandRinan/NhtNam).
ThecommanderiesontheislandofHainanwereonlytemporary.The
ProtectorateoftheWesternRegions(xiyuduhufu)overthecity
statesofthesilkroadwiththeseatinWulei(modernLuntai,
Xinjiang)wasestablishedin60BC.AspecialzonewasthecolonelofWuji
(modernTurfan,Xinjiang)fromwheretheregionofthe
kingdomsofCheshiandGaochangweregoverned.Inall
northwesternregionstheHanrulershadestablishedmilitaryagrocolonies
(tuntiangreendots).

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ChineseHistoryHanDynastymapandgeography(www.chinaknowledge.de)

ThenorthernneighboursoftheFormerHanempirewerethemightynomad
confederationsoftheXiongnu,theWusun,WuhuanandXianbei
.Chinesemilitarycampaignsandemissarieswereevensentfurtherwest
intothelandoftheYuezhithataresometimesidentifiedwiththe
Skythians.WhiletheManchurianBasinandthemountainareasofmodern
NorthKoreawereinhabitedbythepeoplesofFuyu/Puyand
Huimo/Yemaek,thesouthoftheKoreanPeninsulawasroamedbythe
ThreeHantribes(Samhan/Sanhan):Mahan,Chinhan/Chenhan
,Pynhan/Bianhan.Thesouthwestthatwasincorporatedintothe
Hanempirein109BCtheformerkingdomsofDianandAilao
becametributaries.Rebellionsoftenoccuredlikein86BC.Themodern
provinceofFujianwasstillscarcelypopulatedanddidnotreallybelongthe
theHanempirepartiallybecausethisterritorywastoomountainousand
lessinterestingforcolonization,andbecauseitwasstilldominatedbythe
belligerenttribesoftheMinYueandEasternOu.

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ChineseHistoryHanDynastymapandgeography(www.chinaknowledge.de)

ExceptsomeminorchangesthegovernmentalstructureoftheFormerHan
wasperpetuatedbytheLaterHan(25220CE)government.Thethree
mostimportantinnovationsorchangesaretheshiftingofthecapitalto
Luoyang(ormodernLuoyang,Henan),thenewAdministration
AreaoftheWesternRegions(Xiyuchangshifu)withtheseatin
Qiuci,andtheinstallationofdependantnonChinesekingdoms(shuguo
)inborderregions(slimbrownarrows).
FromthetimeoftheusurperWangMang(r.825CE)onChinawas
shakenbyrebellionsanduprising,beginningwiththemovementofthe
"RedEyebrows"(Chimei)andtheLlinarmiesthatmadeanendto
thereignofWangMang,uprisingsoftribesandpeoplesinthesouthwest(in
theregionofYizhou,modernYunnanseveraltimes,theresistancewar
ofthetwoVietnamesesisters"HaiBTrng"TrngTrcandTrngNh
),andthenumerousrebellionsoftheprotoTibetanQiangpeoplein
Liangzhou(modernGansuandShaanxiprovinces).Butthemost
strikinguprisingsthatcontributedtotheendofthecentralgovernmentof
theLaterHanDynastywerethereligiousmovementsofthe"Yellow
Turbans"thatoriginatedinmodernSichuanandHebei,andtheFive
PecksofGrainmovementofZhangLu.
ThemightysteppefederationoftheXiongnuwascrushedduringtheendof
formerHan,andotherpeoplesreplacedthesewarriorsofthesteppe.But
boththeWuhuanandtheXianbeihadintensivediplomaticandtrade
relationswiththeHanempireandwerepartiallyforcedtosettledown.In
KoreathekingdomofKogury/Gaogoulistartedtodominatethe
northofthepeninsula.Thesoutheasternareawasnowbroughtunder
controloftheHanempire,andthecommanderyofYongchangshould
governthenonChinesemountaintribes.

April26,2013UlrichTheobaldMail

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