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Preliminary design of
BRBF system
Use of equivalent force method
1 Building
1.1 Global geometry
building width:
building length:
story height:
number of stories:
building height:
floor area:
a = 3x6 = 18m
b = 3x6 = 18m
h = 3m
ns = 5
H = 15m
Afloor,tot = axb = 18x18 = 324m2
BRB
Braced frame
a
groof = 3kN/m2
gfloor = 8kN/m2
a gR 0.3g
spectrum:
Type 1
ground type:
D
(vS,30 < 180m/s; NSPT < 15; Cu < 70kPa
Deposits of loose-to-medium cohesionless soil
or of predominantly soft-to-firm cohesive soil)
S = 1.35; TB = 0.2s; TC = 0.8s; TD = 2s; = 0.2
period:
behavior factor:
T 0.572s
q7
BRBF, non-moment-resisting
beam-to-column connections
importance class:
normal I = 1.0
design PGA:
a g I a gR 0.3g
q d q in general case
S D (T ) 0.3g S
2.5
m
1.419 2
q
s
on roof:
on floor:
Total
6204.6kN
2
m
m
Fb 1 S D (T ) m1 / g 0.85 1.419 2 6204.6kN / 9.81 2 762.8kN
s
s
if T < 2TC and building has more than two stories;
1 0.85
otherwise 1.00.
m1
story height:
story loads:
zi i h
(i = 1..ns)
force distribution:
Fi Fb
z i mci
z j mc j
j
Le max( a, b) 18m
x
1 0.6
1.3
Le
Braced frame
a = Le
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
F,i (kN)
157.3
333.7
250.3
166.9
83.4
Vi
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
k ns
,k
Vi (kN)
157.3
491.1
741.4
908.2
991.7
M ii M ii 1 Vii h
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
Mi (kNm)
472.0
1945.2
4169.4
6894.1
9869.2
157.3
333.7
250.3
166.9
83.4
Story shear
Overturning moment
Since seismic systems are separated in the two directions, no addition is necessary.
Load combinations:
Gk , j EEd 2,i Qk ,i
k, j
E Ed 0.3 LL
where:
Gk , j - characteristic value of permanent action j
LL - live load
=1
Other, normal (ULS, SLS) combinations are neglected here.
2 Static analysis
leaning
leaning
column
column
110kN
334
491
586
622
If
Horizontal displ.
ei 2 d Si 2 d Si 21
ds,i
(mm)
189
148
106.1
66.1
29.8
#
R
4
3
2
1
neglect P- effect,
simplified procedure: increasing factor = 1/(1-),
second-order analysis,
not allowed.
Total vertical load and shear load
above the story:
Ptoti
#
R
4
3
2
1
mck
k ns
Ptot
(kN)
535
1952
3370
4787
6205
Vtoti
k ns
,k
Vtot
(kN)
157
491
741
908
992
#
R
4
3
2
1
Check P- effect:
i
#
R
4
3
2
1
Ptoti ei
f PDi
Vtoti h
1
1 i
fPD
#
(-)
(-)
0.046
R
1.049
0.056
4
1.059
0.061
3
1.065
0.064
2
1.068
0.062
1
1.066
f PD max( f PD ,i ) 1.068
Where:
#
R
4
3
2
1
N Ed i M 0
fy
Areq
(cm2)
4.7
14.2
20.9
24.9
26.5
Stiffness control:*
#
R
4
3
2
1
Areq
(cm2)
5.3
16.5
25.0
30.6
33.4
Member force
check
tpl = 14 mm
b pli
Areqi
t pl
bpl
(mm)
40
120
180
220
240
#
R
4
3
2
1
Asci t pl b pli
#
R
4
3
2
1
Asc
(cm2)
5.6
16.8
25.2
30.8
33.6
N pl, Rd i
#
R
4
3
2
1
Asci f y
M0
NEd/Npl,Rd
(%)
84
85
83
81
79
* In the given case not strength but lateral displacement (BRB stiffness) governs the design.
6
Based on the required core area and overall geometry conditions (workpoint-to-workpoint
length, beam and column sizes, connection, etc.), Star Seismic Europe will provide detailed
design of the BRB member.
e / h 0.005
e / h 0.0075
e / h 0.010
ei
Roof
4
3
2
1
h
0.683%
0.698%
0.667%
0.605%
0.497%
where:
Assuming ductile non-structural elements, the damage limitation criteria are met.
Lt 4243mm
workpoint-to-workpoint length
L y 0.70Lt 2970mm
be,i
bs,i
bs
N Ed i
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
NEd (kN)
110
334
491
586
622
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
N Ed i Ly
bs,i qd be,i
E Asci
be (mm)
2.78
2.81
2.76
2.69
2.62
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
bs (mm)
19.45
19.68
19.29
18.84
18.33
bs
2 bs,i
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
Ly
bs (%)
1.310
1.325
1.299
1.268
1.234
= 26.798 + 1.0333
= 45.186 - 0.7691
- the strain hardening adjustment factor
where:
As per AISC 341-05 Section 16.2d In no case shall be taken as less than 1.0.
For tension:
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
i
1.384
1.388
1.381
1.373
1.364
For compression:
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
i
-1.361
-1.368
-1.356
-1.342
-1.327
ov 1.25
1.25. For calculation of a given structure, contact Star Seismic Europe. In this preliminary
calculation, overstrength factor of 1.25 was applied.
Element and system overstrength:
N pl. Rd i
N Ed i
d min()
Max deviation:
Story#
i
Roof
1.196
4
1.182
3
1.206
2
1.235
1
1.269
d 1.182
max( )
1 7.40%
min( )
Note: These design rules shall be used to design non-dissipative elements, for example columns,
beams and foundation (as per EN 1998-1 Section 6.7.4).
Safety factor of 2.0 was already used in this section in the calculation of and . Although the
multiplier of 1.1 is not used in these BRBF design rules of P100-1/2011 Romanian Seismic Design
Code, to be in conjunction with EC8 design rules, as an additional safety factor, 1.1 may be applied as
it was done in this example.
System overstrength:
1.1 ov max( , ) d
Story#
Roof
4
3
2
1
2.277
2.257
2.291
2.332
2.381
9
N Ed .E 1150kN
N Ed .G 633kN
Overstrength factors:
ov 1.25
d 1.182
Design load:
Ac 178.03cm 2
iz 7.29cm
Material: S235
f y 235MPa
E
93.913
fy
Buckling strength:
l z h 3.00m
z 1.00
z lz
0.438
i z 1
0.34
0.5 1 0.2 2
z
z
1
2 z
N b.Rd z Ac
fy
M1
0.911
3810kN >
N Ed 3220.3kN
OK
Similarly to the above check, all structural members (e.g. columns and beams) shall be
designed with the appropriate design values and combinations (M, N, V, M-V, M-N).
10