NEW DIRECTIONS IN WORLD POLITICS John Geer Bai, General Editor ‘A-complete series list follows the index. On Security Ronnie D. Lipschutz, Editor (Columbia Universi Press ‘New York3+ Securitization and Desecuritization Ole Weever During tbe mid-1980s, obserersucnly noticed tha he concept of secity had been subjected t inde teletion in comparzan with how ‘much and how srongly it bad been ied. Only few yas ate concep ‘ual eflsion on the concept of scsrity have become common that it ‘almost embarasng to, once apn, dace o concept ery. Nonetheless cape present one posse pspectv on sear tnd assests implications in tex of fut diffrent secur agendas. My primary sim hee ix not provide a deviled dicusion ofthis nen Epposth a more dete exposition canbe found cwhere!—bu 0 ilasate the contrast beween this penpectve and mote eradvonal approach, which iment being ou va concep dncasion and by elected “ecu debates” Toul begin by expressing a certain discontent wit the "dion ropes “established ail” ways of dealing with the concee and sgenda of secur: The raion progrsive approach i 1) wo accept ‘ve base premier ofthe eablhed dacouse, tht ect isa el in pein wo lage, io hoe (especie of whether the concepon is objec" or “abject is measured intra of seat ofan) nd second he more scr the ber apd 2) ro ange why secu should Sawrietion and Doection + 47 compas mr han scandy hc nig nt only bao Spyware ele, meliation and i, Ea apt nme ee ming of ey ‘coed, ping instead nthe icon of cunt l tresofsoeal lie. dec Sint il spn so he good hat pens ach sen sent dapsone ince cry fe ane fal the chang of ela ev yas sec thnk emce Cais whe ay and asx of connote du canon expe Me the hea ofthe cone weal id someting edo with dense andthe se Ava ele adeningan ae cay ter lever sn mage Fees lengthen inporant len wag Tetons x tur tis procedure upie down In pace of ace imply the meaning of ecg gonad hen seep te Broaden is coreg, hyo stad op sma on the oncpt ise eningio a cogs cr Tt ea caging don by taking it seit rather hn ohn om te ode’ begin by consieing scary a concep and ward, News| it seer a pec a the third pat of he ay dsr fur er ‘Fcwiteon and decision Fly ak wher We mii oe ‘rato we secs dy undead, afer Security: The Concept and the Word Daring he 19805 we witnessed 2 general move ta broaden the secaey agenda? One approach was ro move fom a ait oes on the security of he ste (nacional security toward broader or aliematie focus on the security of pl citer ainda ra global or iernaioal col Jecvny. The ecu of individual can be affected in numerous ways inded, economic wef, environmental concerns, cultural identi and poli sgh are germane more ote than malay fue in this epet ‘The major problem wth suck n approach ie decing where sop ace the concept of security otherwise Becomes synonym freeing tht 'spoieally god or desirable. How, then, can we pany cet sense of the specific character of ray iss, as diner he robens hat bese the human condition? To what catent can we aply ay ofthe met ‘ods andlesons fect stud this broadened agenda48» Ole Waver Johan Gatung and Jan Oberg have formulate a alerative concept of secur, based four set of postive goal related to human news survival, developmen, feedom, and ident. Wich tia framework, tecury becomes the combined defence policy fr each need catego, the roi of defence endeavour ofthe entire huran-scietalogenize tion.” The resul sa hole program for world saciey and its develop: iment welfare, and 0 on. This whelly legate approach, of oun, but des ic impinge all on scsi debates Ceri he central ators and theorists inthe field donot fel feed o threatened by this frame ‘wok? Moreover thet i no base lope otis wider conception of ecu tity except forthe conecveliror image ofthe eadtonal conc, ‘And, ination, the baseline in the Galtang/Dberg conception ithe individual level Sec is then ake all other gale, snc they a all generated fom the individual level the indi hae various seas and can be hurt by threats to these needs, and this males everyting potential security problem. A ler thee, inerelated problems follow: Fi he concept of scuity becomes linclsve adi thereby emptied of canten second the ack of expliceaenion to the connote core ‘of clas eusty makes the Galtung/Oberg approach an innocent con trbutor wo the epraducon—and even expunon of securitization, and, hind, thee ba lack of pital eer on “ecu at wadonally ‘inal. ‘Widening along the fen objec aise, ying that scutiye oc only llizay defence of the sate ao x and y and ha dhe tnforenateefect of expending the secuiy seal endl, unlit ‘encompase he whole social and poial agenda. This not, however juscan unhappy coincidence or 2 temporary lick of cer thinking, The problem is tha a5 concepts, nile nivale nor international ‘ear exit. National scsi, that the scarey oF estate che are ‘of an ongoing dette 2 adton, an ese set of practices and, a2 such, the concpe ha eather formalize referent; covery the sci 17 ofwhomeve/vatever ia very nla ide. Theres oltre, 0 Plilsophy no raion of scury”fn nose terms enya tales payed ou apis the concep and prascr fae sciy that ‘other teat and eferents have any meaning, An absiract ide of cat ty isa nonanaltial tem bearing litle lation to the compe of security Implied by national or wate secur. “othe arene thar we have an iden of specific modal abla "tc ‘ig ics bree we think of national scarey and i modifications and Season an Derition «49 limiaons, and not because we tink f the everday word scan.” The dlscouse on “atematvesecuriy” maker meaning satemens not by ‘drawing primarily onthe rege of veya cay bat trough ts co ‘tase wth national secur. Books and are sich Jan Oberg A Sie sibing og Udi Siberbed,Richard . Ullman Redeising Scar ‘7 and Jesics Tuchman Mathews “Relining Sec” te, conse gucci, abundane with “not nly “as and “more chan” aguente® ‘This revels that they have no genetic concept of she meaning of e- ‘9—only the one unctealy borowed fom the atonal view. 2nd ‘mulled and extended co new Bld, Ths, seems reasonable to be conservative along this ax, sceping that “curity” influenced in imporanc ways by dynamite level of inividul nd the gab sys- ‘em, but ot by propagating uncle erm sch a individual scary and ‘bal secur. The one of soci fers che sate “Theisen of Baty Busan Pypls, Sater and For (1983) fled © mak cer how this problem might banded. There wat an obvious sion beeween the de ofthe Bok and ia: The Navin Sey Problonin ineraina Relation. The thie levee of anlysio~ indivi, state and international sysem>—were ental to Baza argument although tional secur ead in some some, piviege Sil was i Baas Jnzevion to make “ple decker” ut ofthe conespe of sec owas he simply providing contexualation of ratio scr? Thi point es been cfd inthe second edon a he ook (1991, whee Baan apes ‘hac he sae eves privileged eva mona secs cannot be compre hen a the sate leva alone. What aol eur links to at he other level is no primarily individual secur and incetational ec Dut dynamics and poll procene of varius Kinds tee othe level? ‘Bazan has shown powell that national sci can neither be suf- «tent undersod nor relsically ached from apenpetv ited ‘one own war. Nacional secu i fandamenaly dependent on intern ‘ional dynamics (especialy minal one) bu this atthe same a ele tionship beowen national seer sd international ecwriy, Therefore Indicted in Figure 31,1 donot locate seri at thie lees ba tthe come ofthe hours image. *Secuty,” in other words, has tobe read through dhe ens of matoal secutig. (OF couse, secsriy” has an everyday meaning beng soci, fe not threatened). Quite spurte fom thi, dhough, he ten “ecu” has ‘cquired 2 number of connoations, sumptions, nd image ete fom50» Ob Waner Intemational bmamics ene UZ exe National (tate) level a 1 Individual evel namics — |< Pigoe 3.1 Hour model oa, ‘he “international” dscusion of ational vain secuity policy, and the lke Bus, in these discussions the conespeulization of seu ha ‘0 do with application ofthe everyday meting to an objet lation oF sat), followed by an examination at vo when the rat is secure (af "ecurty” posed an independent, sable, contexfee meaning that ‘cru adda to another sable, independently defined abc, the ate) athe the bel “secur” has become the indicator of specie prob lematiqu. a specifi field of pace. Security is in hovel terete fc where aes threaten each othe, change each others rvecigny, "yo impose tei wil on eachother deed thei independence atl 0 0, Secatiy, moreover, has not been a const lit has ered sd, since World War, has been aasformed int athe coherent sad ree lgrinabl fl. In chs proces of continuous, gradual ansformation, the ‘srg miliary identification of eae ime has been diminished iti ina eos alas there, but more and more offen in metaphor Rm, other wars, the challenges he images of challenges soe ‘pny’ and defense ave remained central le want rethink or recon the concept of arg therfore, itis necessary that we kep an ee on the ete fel of practice. This dor even to desc es that have become secusitond? ‘Belo, [explore these quesons in the conte of fur diferent scuiy agenda Fat, ole European sci between 1960 and 199, he per (do change and deen which povided he framework for developing she ‘perch act imterpetaion of wc During this prod the main su was ‘whee pola nd soci change ol be deserts even athe ase Poll acura th region was ep foen wih major bp ofthe ec Fir inseumene How mach could be dessa and baw was «major question a why and how change suddenly ook on new and diferent ‘harace in 1989 athe second pre. del wih very difeet case: Ei ronmental secur Here we ce ota instanceof de scuitng an ese tally secarined eld but rater the potential adage and diaanages of scuting new area that, petags, shouldbe added vin oxhet ‘herman. nthe hid pare ake op theif aces This topic is presented ina Eahion somenkr pall othe precing one, bE slo ak the following Fe sat using the concep fest secu in for to undersard certain new dynamics, pecially in po-Cold Wir Europe, wha diferenes re thre beeen aon, senate ear ‘Syapproachas opposed wa speech act apprach sec Inthe fil par, analy the major new atempe 1 apply the concee of “sci” in -Barope with parila reference the noon of"Earopesn ei.” (Change and Détente: European Security 1960-1990 ‘A peculiar fart ofthe Cold War sem in Europe wat he alot rot ‘eclsion of unvanted chang, puaranted sab ofthe seas Ray- ‘mond Aron once detcrbed iar ewsown of kino” (out then wat on ‘0 discus the oa law of change har would wnat upc this sage siuation)* Secatiy became the means wher this slowdown ws efece «The specch act secur”, of couse, more dant word sae one ‘mus havin hand che means to ack» development desma cheating For example if feign amy walk aco the boner ries oie count i ic necessary fot oe maint) wo have adequate mlery ‘eng ores of social une, caused rom within or without ithe problem, one mus have 2 sufiindy epee appt, iological ‘xhesion inthe coe group that allows the appa to be meted, ened ‘he lepimacy owe ha vide he calito of public oppesison, Serna ond Dosen» 59 Fora ong time the stustion in Central and Eastern Europe was uch thar, where nonriitary ues were concerned, i was sways pone for the regime to conc thinge— exes with the elp of finds with tanks In Cold War Enrope, moreover, military shreste could alo be Fenced off because of che general nicer condition. Aste late Fra Jose ‘Seas once pu it "Inthe present European sition thee i no pose biliy of changes through wat, but nicer through revolution of ch wat” Change seme pone without sone conten by the pow Folens ic had wo ae place through a agora procs of presure and acceptance, sabiliation and denablizacon, And sot happened “The cena ise ofthe debates on Earopesn dented the mech anim that aeully worked in them—was the lagi of change rong t= bilan. In parcial, s Will Brande explained, Geeman Oxpolth and Denschlndplii were very explicit about the neces of “blizing the ‘txts quo in ode to overcome the status quo" Only by removing ome ‘heats to, and hereby some excuses or, the rene che Ear, would it then become posuble o push bak the securitization of East-West eae ‘ion snd change domestic condition in Easter Europe ‘Ac the sme ime, held of human sighs evolved into a atempr co evelop ew ala of be game in the noamiltary arena “Human rigs ‘became the label for a specie paiial rgllneptinion ore the bor der berween security and poli, intervention and intacion. This ‘heme generated s grea del ofconttovery in the mid-1980, expecially whee elfons by West German Soil Democras (SPD) eo revie detente sere concerned ‘Through al of chi, Ease Wee rations were med by abasic ay mer, because interna lgiimacy made Werte soity such more se: Ble In Buran terms, sates inthe Wet were nonin the Est, weak” “This concast generated peti and ley dicemibl constellation of secuty concepts and practi: Since the West could not be destabied fom within—especily asthe decine of Euocommuaism eliminated thi ar—securityconctns became foie onthe “high pole” of mi- itary tees and, posi sll diplomatic maneverng by the Soi x The aes of che Eastin conta, were fal of het” fom lows they rep alms al soit iteration wid che West as poten Waly dangerous and destabilising, According che concept of searty ‘became highly malariae in the We, while nthe Eas it was browne to inconporate economic secutty and various typeof ineferener domes air© - Ok Wer ‘A key polcal question thur Became the definition of “aormal” ‘rananational oltcs sr opposed ointervendon, which was deemed be 1 vecugy problem A pet del ofthe Easc Wes dialogue of the 1970s {ind 1980s especially that on “non-laryapece Ofer” human Tight, and the whole Third banker ofthe Helink! Accords, could be egared ars dincnion of wher to place boundaries ons concept of ecu- ti To what degree were Eastern egimer "permed o wee exaordinary ineumens wo lic societal Ea Weet xchange and inesction? By curing ches igo challenges and secaricy ino polis, che Aten oriented cor ofthe West tid to pelt in the Eat 020d plying the rer ear” to ues and to open up domes space for ‘more open palit srggle Even though hs strap did no imately rove inerumental othe change in Ease Wet lations in 1989, tis cer fain arguable thc it did pay an important role in a proces of vofcnng that allowed another form of change to ake plas. Détent, as nepeiated “Theta then, the eolecie level beewees individual and ea 9 organizing centr forthe concept of securing tae and society. At c= ondary ee inthe way portayed in Figure 31, hee ae sho che “indi- ‘dua and “intentions” kewl which influence national, o sate and ‘octal acai a wel xe figure 3.2) “The deer ase of thier duly may ell bea rndency ward the dilation ofthe moder state jem pois auhocy is pera scrotal levels This procs begs wo undermine the excuse, v= sign, rire sate, a oelapping authors begin to emege.” I "Europ, partic the coupling berween ae nation being weakened cre inthe sbence of new shes a the European level No sovereign Euro-state wll emerge any ime oon but, atthe sas ine, avereign mem- ‘br stat ate ginning to lose some of trader edges This doesnot mean cha ation wil dispear, or een be weakened. The erie, however wiht principle of soergn Bing weakened. Let behind, swe find acon with et sae, clears wie shal “Thi development ilumizaes the igceasing sleace of “societal ice” thy situations in which ignieane groups within scl feel threatened fe thi ety is endangered by ington, ine ‘Pason ov altura imperialism, andy to defend shemzlrer In he ps, Ine mone fek rl hrenened i thee ways, could cll on “a sate to respond accordingly. Thin longs seers pone, speciale(68 «le Wrer mtstgee VY \ 5, Var \ Veen J ! ed ny ce va society state Figoe 3.2 Motil hou made by as bnder contol and various foes of economic policy move upwasd to the EU-Europea lev. IF mach + development comes tobe gency ‘cepted, how ae culties o defend themecie? I would wget ta hit wl be done with culture I onc deny sem treated by itera ‘onalzaon or Europenization, the anewer is sergshenng of ein ‘dente. Tn this seme, conssucay, uta becomes secur pie “The cae of Deamark sling During the pat ew yn ve in Denmark have been treated wo numerous television programs snd ‘eminar’on"Danishess These pograme are ot news ited oan ‘European agenda ort the retention ofa tight atenaton come. spondence; rather, they represent a cordate of acepance of invegration it the European Usion Ir the faureand form ofa Deis "ones nation within the EU chat aie the Danish EU debt, ant has bee the elu community tat hasan theft approach o these new ‘hemes, almost explicyin ems of “clara” sca pcg. ‘Scvtalimporant questions regarding futuse developments in Europe felow fom this example: Fist. wll naonal Mentifcaonsgenerly vane? Second, if they do not, in which of two posible diecons wil developments in clr deny move? eg onthe one hand, posible ‘hac national idencies might be revived in terms of non-seealtral ‘elders, Tht would help to suppore Europenieaion of plies snructures, through the evolution of European polis identy, wile Seoitonion and Deition «69 leaving cleat atthe ational vel (Kirton without Sit ‘naton)On the other hand, cis alo posible tat clear denity could Serevent formef dann hiking thc con con for sate sovereign national sutonomy, and selFexpenion 28h carl and poical eves. Either might happen, lug dhe former is ‘he nove, llenging pater. ‘With the proces of European inegain and the “stulizason” of naionsproceing, we can defintely see the emergence of social secu ‘ys someshing apar fiom sat security. The sate defends el agit ‘thre to sovereign and society defends el against thet to deni. ‘This dualism is no symmewical. Socery could, under some cecum stancs, choos 10 ell yon the ste for defense and eallapse self back {neo the oi constellation. The integration senaria relates to perpctive whereby state security and societal eure ar inressngy diferencia 2 separate fs ach having a dint erent objec IF scien con- tinue wo take cae of beirsecsry in thrown way this proces of ifr ein could continue If however, security concert onthe roel Side saat othe poin of ling the tae back in, we could sees erent ty fom integration and back ward Eaope of dine nation sates, Sofa, we have not cleveted sate and society o equal sat but ater separate sas as erent objects of eer The long erm importance of ‘exit secur in Europe isconingnt on continuation ofthe procs of| integration, but the sucess of integration is lo dependent on the sepa ‘ate seu sraepesof societies a int fom thve of the aes “This bre summary showshow the concepe oF cel secs could be ‘ed to caput the esential dynamic of Eazopean secu, The concep isnot. howereyunproblemai- Analyt wells polly i ses several thorny questions. Ones ha of wie: How does a society sea ‘Soci ifiren from the state in tha i doesnot have ination of formal representation, Anyone en speak on Behalf of sciery and claim that a security problem has appented. Under what cicumstances should ‘ch clans be ten seul a thinking about his question, itis important to avoid notions ofan undies soci In pac terms, ek noe» soit sl ht speaks but, rather insintions or actor in soi. Normally and adie ional, coming eo bea contrat elo, ise mate hat as 9p ‘ken about secur in the name of presumed homogenous, amorphous soci thrilled represent, wih whats sstumed wo Beadle foes snd voice The notion of societal sear” might strongly imply tha cis70 » Ol Waser homogeneous, amorphous oie now pel onitsowa Beal Bur soci ‘ies ae of cous, highly diferente, all of birarcies and insti tions, wih some beer placed than others wo speak on bebaf of "hei soci, But saien” never speaks, tis ony there ro bespoke for "While such pectaione ae made ll he meine large part ‘of polti isabour peaking inthe name of eciey"—there sa diffrence betwen normal poe and speaking cur” in the mame of sci: We ‘anot predict wh wil ice “sce security” cones; we cn ay se, ‘wth hindsight, how mach legacy an ator dd poss when She ie to speaeon behalf ace. Various aces ty thi all the time, but the "erpe becomes consequent ona diferent scale When ocey more or erative bac p the group speaking This somesimesbezn thease ith neo-arn in Germany, cntast wo ules ers acs com Inte in the name ofthe people but without much, in pbc mpm. "Most often, thee ae no geneilyepiimind,unconeted epee tives of airy: Tere is the nat theres nothing This des not of ‘oan, prevent groupe Fm spedking on behalf of society and gining ‘ome degree of beckng for some period of ime. Only in re scaions, ‘during the" Veber Revlon” in echolalia, do wesee moments Sslmor sconds—of a Lind of l-vident representation of scien” by some nonelaed ue geneallyacxptd institution such a Civ Forum. Irismoch more common fora soical vlc” eabecontorenial and only patly accepted. Novmally dhe ate has preempted or prevented societal tos om taking om thi fanction © but this no longer neces the ‘ase, especialy inthe complex constlations eaving ia Wester Europe There, we could begin tose growing dvsion of labor berween ate and soci a societal vices eablih themacnes a defender of cern pro- tse dents, while he tae continues wo pursue he separate agenda of defending i sovereign. Ie is easy to envision pocensally roubling effects if erin sociea ‘asc, sich a migation, are secured. Elabeth Fri lars ow this har aready happened in Europe, wich the rele thatthe previously ‘domiaane Gaming: of iumigrion avs huranieian or domenic ex ‘nomic isu ae being crowded out by notions of secur hres Dan Sich sags chat “i scary poli is justified on een, aie (round, ha wil ad back to mrengthen racist carne in maces." ‘Where Eurpetnzation i concemed if one favre Europea neg sion—ie may be move advanageous to have such issues seeuritaed ia terms of clea rather than ae sec on the one nd, the Sccwrtzaton and Descwitzation + 71 “thea” fom anew overarching ident x countered through strengh- cing of sate contol over Border the rele wl ber lock integration Sind acelerte 4 tenaconalzation of polices If, onthe other hand, che “halen taken on by society ae someting sould deal with rh sae ‘spr ified tthe Exopen evel 2 process of eae “eemament” of the nation maybe comple with pial ineration int Europe. Baropean Security Afer the Cold War “Assuggested above in iy dcusion of Faropean secure during the Cold ‘War we could dings some tendencies oward insaling new pla limi by ference to European sabi daring 1989 and 1990 (pei Iyinelation ode "German problem’ Ae tha ne, the isk was tha che smhole stem ight have Become iis, wth che proces ling tothe bard eles of eer exer, auperpowe itso the limits of naion- 1 ilfercainion within Europe. The definition of European seurcy ‘would then have deified unl one of the major pone fl tha veal Uovelopment ad become inglerable Ar tht time, howere, Earopean thinking about security exited ony i tems of pase programs, of Jncreaing sect for Bure. The esl was varius competing projects for Europe, each witha punicalar conten thar negated the othet®™ A prrely negative inion “or the sake of Europe" would not be more ‘bjt but i woul contain the possbiy of being generale With- ‘outa no point of elFevdence, of non-argualeeeence pint, was ave by some tha he system could end up esting the ard iit Tor mor tha forty yeas scutes the means for enforcing eohe- sion within the two haves of Europ. Inthe Wenern half ic defined the limits of loay/ctiounes in lation to NATO, thereby regulating the stoteco-sate arangement ofthe Wes In the Eastern pat, scuriy was ted o contol domestic developmen. Aer 1989, bth ofthese fine tions were weakened, primarily and Rest inthe East “Secaiy” then ‘cane the ame Fors posible handing of Europe, ltough, even cosy, this imiedefning foncion has noe yt found a sable form. A good part fof Eutopean pls since 1969 can this be interpreted a atemps by “uropean onal a mechanism for diplining eck our and therm chess thereby edacng options. "The won pr Eurpran carina ld one, bu this shoud ot lead ustooreroo the imports chane in is meaning chat tok place during the 1980s In 1987, Eger Js pointed xr that the erm could ave ro sry ise meanings: myn inernatonal sewiy ot Euston72 - Oe Weer sear Pir that ine, deer “European secur” had, more fen ‘han not, mean something close to che former, because inno meaning Fal way could oe refer the cee of Earoe excep inthe sna Fe ‘ey being secure because high proportion fis consent security ‘errs fee secure. Gradually during the 1980s and ina much accelerated Fashion afer 1989, Europe ars whole became a ferent bje of ec- ‘and the second tae ofthe tm began to seu greater salience In sone way the rowing acepeance ofthis usage paradonical Wide Cent object dha is badly consti in polideal rms and etialy not In instutonal one (acepe fot rel admiiswative purpose), what secuty discourse addres? Whar sic tha threatens. Ballanzation sone possibly. James Der Dean has plated ou chat ‘he concep of Ballaniation isa central one vers Eutope, and ets academically ignored: “Ballanizasion i general undertod toe the teak of ager poiical nisin sale, mutually hole states which ate exploited or manipulated by more powerful eighbours Der Der jan poins out tat, in che inerwar yeas, competing wer of she Balla nization slogan shared epistemologis based ona closed secure of bin 'y oppositions: for the Manis, balkanivaiono federation, barbarism or ‘Scilam, national or ineratonalim; forthe Wilkins, balan: tion o confederation, desposm o liberal constinionlm, naan ‘or commopolanim”? Ballaniation ra rool for leitimining an incernaionsl order withou 2 tamed enemy. A plicmiary oeler genely legimizs inal through ference to an eternal htat (@ method developed to erection inthe syramezry ofthe cold wat). When order isnot ognized against 2 ‘pec county ie must be based on 2 legimizing principle ha wl lp 10 define which spcic developments are ob opposed (a was the case ‘with che Concer of Europe, which tod jun evoluion ad change in the ars qu, and which calls 0 mind former President Buss fous ‘phrnse about NATO being an lance nor aginst any pric counry, but agains the thea of uncetiny and ins). Using metaphor of chaos and disintegration is way of enabling order ar such ta ti. Since 198, the af ased metaphor hs ban senfored by event inthe Bans ahough, more cea the use of the metsphor has diminished, 1s development in post Ygodvia ured metaphor nt painfal wali Beneath the seeming agrement on the new dominant discourse, We scully fad suo major dicounessbout Earopean sci. Fit, thet the Bash argument tha the new enemy is uncerainny, unprecabiy, ‘nd insta The chai of equivalence sugested hee a Bultaication ily ange <— > omni EUifranc-German <> NATO. kite cnpestion ‘Given these equations, the far of Bllanizaton becomes an argument spina any change whasocersickwith NATO and dost ock the bout, ‘soo speak.Aempte to onpanize defense cooperation in Wester Europe ‘seen a upsetting the tat uo, lang toward the sid of war and ‘denabilsacon In EU dzoure, the logic : Rabeietion <> bily “Speyer” — <> EU mponibiy face foreai ‘As indicted inthe definition of Balkaniation above, one transl meaning impli haa region would be opened upto eternal influence: more important, however i not ja the far om insaity and change, ‘baron fegmonsaton Thi pony, then, points to grain apd ce ‘elntion athe ema. ‘Genel speaking, n EU ope the concep of integration isthe ma ter vara Inngation i if considered a aie,” and each mec ‘option most demonstrate wheter wil increase or decree integra, More special we an sx inthe iterate on Europea cure) tomate attempt eo we neorliem (andor American ali ederaiing logic of the Fedral ape) argu forthe stark choice bewecn “Fag mentation” and “integration.” This rategy might be sen the new iciplining move: “Enopeent Yu rally have on 00 opined nt 77 ‘che ane, teil be imposible Do you wan fpmentation ne _puton, Blharicatonlrenainaiation or Burgeo Union?” Teration i thus, increasingly driven bythe specter of fagmenta- on™ and, boeae dhe aleeative i sen a laberealy unacorpabl ‘beomes an aim in ise Immediately following German unification, French President Miuerrand began eo argu: We have co init on che74 « Ole Waver Europe ofntpation in oder to avoid the Europe of War "Secs thus Became shorthand fr the agument, We have to do everything © Ensure ha ineratin, and not fragmentation i she outcome "Ther another incre wage of security login the sruggleover uropetninaton. In several count, the wider concep of secu is bring applied co dhe ine of migesion at 4 song pro-negation aru ment. While giving the Alstair Buchan Memetl Lecture in 1991, Jacque Delor employed secarey ar “anal embracing concept,” and ‘xpi argued for further imteratin on this ‘Oe hing last ane, Thi at brn afte ofthe Commi ‘nich costal beige into new ae One of ae ass ‘hc like onl concpe fei Lam ceing fous the comeguens off movemen fr nda andthe cd For os ‘Son ora the very kan dow onion combs arcu hex {Spend cuore ime, dag alsin ere {edna thsi res react exrenion ol isa liao the Bape ac ™ Here the rad, “pogresive” concep of aris being exploited der to build p the FU. With the feagrentng tendencies in Erope apparent ‘Snce 1991 —war in dhe Ballas the raifstion crs ner Mastic monetary tuulence—more cal sot concent have read © dominate. Te peter of new-old power rales becoming the fue for the newold continene ic probably 2 main reason for security discourse increasingly concentng on the integain/iagmenaton theme. “Ths we sce an emerping shard sense of wha the agen shout! Balkaniation If the code becomes song enough, “secur” wil, once again, become aus took, Aso the Ant, there te lio 90 com ing vetons, but enough should be share cos the ocean to mae it 1 poltclly empowered eancrp.® With the aculation of security ax "European Secu” then, we get genta suengibening of he imag of Aisnegration arch the dea Tn the Enrapean version of ondsscarigy there i matbulding Lagic ax play, Secusty invoked ina see that can be interpre 5 eal dleend « nocycvexsing soil one. Hobbesianantanarchy logis ting used a lee erween she domestic andthe inerationl “Secure 17 the spc 2 isa present, mainly a wool for "Barope."The separate Shits primary engage in sit seri Al fei could bese 828 Indication tht ts deeper level, the Eurostat as atvd: Ir uses ate Section and Dereiteaton » 75 secu loge ven ais consiuen counties ave beg oats almost Stl nations wing the logic of cea sui. Security, Politics and Stability: (Or Why We Might Want “Security” After All have oes hereon the ie of setnaton and de-ecuisization ing o demonstate the imporance of moving a theme o iu int the Fad of secs and derby ming i a "nec ae.” Throughout this ey The tial vo show the advantage of «nominal, proces po spective on the question, where the foes ion the ensistion of eat ‘9 phenomens This argue avid euming secur it a thing. "The point of my argument, howews, is ao that wo speak scutigy” ‘meat simply olen higher pte oie. ei alighny more complex than chat “cw” is a specie move chat ental consequences which involve king onexdfandoflering aspect ce Dong thie ‘aay havea ec and, in thar sensei could bere away 0 ane the bet The ener ise is made principled thereby skin pin les (and onde, bt potentially consoling the concrete. The game hes whale nner log and, whea approaching irom sme spe eld, ‘ne should remain aware ofthe ees of having a sue ced in che language of scrine Tn the caren Earopean station, sci has in some sense, become themame of the management problem, af govemance in an exemey umsroctured universe We do not yet know theuni-—they have yer to be ‘onsructed through the dscours on secur, we donot Koow te sues, tnd the thrext—they aero be defined in the couse om sear: we ‘onl no the form: secur Ie might sound ange tos that we do not er know she ar and thents when war hat alken on all more brutal fers in Yogev wth che pes of European and American ites ‘enion having been aid now and agin when migration is discused as {vet thoughout Europe, and when German neo nas have atacked ‘spl seeker 0 this ati To be sre, we maybe aware of me ofthe vents and process tha at ikl to be par ofthe new ect nines, bur these are noe ye filly conepied and we do noc know in whe orm hey ate going wo enter his new cart "sre." “The poin I wish o make hee hat there irs widely shared, impli ‘ssumpcion chat mits and sabiliy muse be predcedeo at les some76 + Oe Waver minimum degree. Some pot has ro become the poll equialen of the snsendeiel signif poi which i is own referent, endowed Sn the insuments econ) for reproducing ie The way in which the mechani of security i thn inserbed inthe new Europe wil be 3 nso factor informing Europes poll em) roma mote Newshean perspective, Isbould abo mention tha ol- vis awa involves an element of exclusion, in which one hs odo vio- lence tothe inherent opennes of iuatons to impose apaern—and one fas nr only to remember bu also to Forget seetvel” To ac poliial- Iy means eo take responsibil fr levi a impact, for fring higs i Ge deton intent of another. Whether such an acts "good or “bad” ‘Sot defined by any ier qualities of the acto its premises, ut by is ‘He (hich depend on the sons of oxer ination and, heer, Sn ekment of coincidence). As Hansah Arendt pointed out, “Aion ‘eves effi onl othe tart, has othe bck gape of this Ang pia cn cnc: be as ina "progesivenet is neve! gutrntnd by one poll or plilosophi- Cal anitade. Theoret practi, ar well a any politcal nes. have rk Shek own respect and lee eae, cing psteiy tell the sry ‘Host the manning of a act, Pat-srucurlite Bev wally been arguing ‘hace project about opening up impli arguing chat a itaron ‘rus eu dase, to self producing, Plies inherent about oxng of ‘Sptons, abou forcing the sear of sory inpartcalardreions Ta the praca contr, police and respon can invare preven tion and imi ad ames, the toa of ciation may seem nes {Snr Ic is thas no impossible hat pose-srocaralist concerned about ‘Sk of power ivalry and ware wil end up sspporing a (esecutization ff "Barope through ther cha ha of iteration rgmenaton, “The purpose ofthis woul bee impo imi, be would haves side- Frctsme elements of tate bldg inked othe EU project. This could ‘Bertone imply that national comma might have to engage in acer Tain degree of sscatation of identity quis in onder to handle the Innes fom Europeniation, Under nach crcumsances, there might “ncige a complementary beaween nations engaging in societal culty nd the new quastate engaging in “European ecu.” Nether of these two moves ae feos of some object secur” cha sheared ‘hoya ined, posible pec es, moving sues inc a secur frame sous wachiee ete differen frm hace tht would ensue handled in ‘ronmsurey mode, Sern nd Deco « 77 Noes 1 Oe Weer‘ the pach A Arvin th Plo Ward” Coen agi: Cote fa Peed Conte Rear, Working ope om 198719, of ‘Bitcen ened Scary “The Coe andthe Wend sod From Akratie ‘Sty Sci he Spach A "areas esaeeloa “Chang Dee: rer Sority 19601990" ener “Seton and Deseo: Fo (Coat atl Got shoe once dared Fon eh wthing pops hee lato wel th Bal ne, Boe Seca Areal {GE inode seas ren preed ins paper "The nging hate of Suge Exopeas Scart Sens 19, 3,89,” presen de ul "Reopen Changs Revit ches confection Sad ‘cin, ous, Deeb 189d opted Woking oper 21990. ‘haben “ScolSeai” dl on my coeur o Ole Wave et) ‘ann od Monte Kapa Lemay Mion a te iw Se ‘iden in Bp (Leo: 193) Oa he demenacie wy of tach “psc we” se Oe ‘Ware "lion nd Tapes pA son," Nick Renee ant Mak Hana, lo Bond he ‘eb (igon, UK" Har ‘onesie coming Ole Wane “Beyond te eon fie ie ‘snl thy pps rhe (SA cnfec, Landon Marc Apel 1989 (Cen ‘efor Pace nd Cont Rowe Copan, Wing ape 981.) 3'Sereps Jin Obey AS digo Ube Ste Cope Vi ro, 183) Fgh as re Lm so Oke Wane, Benpeon Sey Pb km Rach on Nowhnary ape (Cops: Cope apr ae Cote races Cate Rr 197) Bay ana pl Sar ed Fr ‘Aen Sry Sn ie Po Cal Wr oe yon Rene 191 Jade, Ok Were, Pare Lem Eats Teer, ype pon ‘Props Bnd Et Coron (adn: Maca, 199. CObey A Sve Udine Jtar Gang, "The hg Instice ‘eco sand Dose loa Chang Wo Bul of eae Popo 92 (0900:145-0 han Gang "Trey Fo Ys of Pee Reece Ten Cha lenge aod Sore Ron al of oe Reach 2. #2 (9810-58, we spec p16 Tt nou wl poy oy hve pla app pre sec cnet has ace manent) at proce be wh & Tale meninglen pri k app pat aan ora sping ity (TN) ibd pecty bce competi, ora ae deed (Sica fh pie Ole Winer "Nomen ofthe Move: Flr Linge ‘Stag of Ween ace Mere" apr raced the wel sana ce ‘Sicaningef th lmao Seca fat Pycolgy TE Av ape 18-22 {Cone for ace and CanflerRerach, Woking Papen. 1989/3) an Ole ‘eer Plc af Mevenene A Conran Flt Toy nando Race Mavens” K Koda snd U,V ey Tor « Grate Anis of ‘Pesonanemon Aer UK: Daroath 1980p. 13-44| 78 = le Waver (ob, St Ug Rid, Unan Reng Se” tre snc | Came 1983) 12-5 Jaa Tacha Maton Ren eS oe fer 2 Sng 9107. Serb cea Eten Sei 3-53 {Als Wee React a oe corti of gon pa! Jerse panos 2 ping 1992 391-6, ing: Rar of hare Sey Loto Lan Sl of E> TESA Man Wi Sof Ser ener ee Unity Pr, {BPD Ok Wee neracna ec. Th Cama Dour aman Jone pened at BCPR woah Line, A 1992 Nel Greed Bee et Our ating aed in Sua Dry and nro el ‘ou Cli Ue of So Caan 98 9 ‘Stor stony owes cen es we el ow uring coum bl suey at ee ened inceningy rete pre ‘Shit eecyinsele andr eur purchase tape ys ‘Seca wer and op prc ae sn eww ach niece mn pai Te i Safety ins mya wrt rte beh planet aman oe ‘Tomy of aes nme we cn compendia ein 2 ‘Teor wel cry cn works” RB} Wal Sec So ‘Scand be Chale of Wr Plc” Abert 15,1 (199053. Thee ‘inate yo ong wether ‘mig cenge ay lob one ho it "the et wich Sacg of ay el hon spices of pli oman ‘Be Se Scent ha berms of pic a Stentor gin) ocr sets koa “ound Thema poor at he pris ner open and cot ‘intone wp bese tad tpl sce) ed on td oder let etd coment Ther he in ani fc apy athe ate of ae cys soso cary Gn ee ot ‘Zoe npeale we des Tn eno Se Sec Tl {Spent nyo vce sc soa ng eto pee ‘Bie w a peopr_cosres ce cone of wx eat diet fom {hes ina spiced foe ng ca io arte toe can ages the wy of fn tne anal cso lopli acs pan Seip. 17-2- 1 by Boa pu nec) flows “Bec ewe fase ok fer tndeid cage yoy iy hes we wana wd Tie hig pty nea cry cv lay acon a we he ‘esfeetmata nari acne Dalit omplahiensn palo od Uy alsa al oan ses cn be te by he we foe Haman ‘Zhvene in oe wrk nb cl rt te a ho i ich tiny wee ees th edn pe ch ho am Being eed i ot Cong fhe sc may peso enn Adee ey aly Seaton nd Derwititon - 79 velo te congue power which ane api nde ging. om ie eens eu ping do mncet eis Seb edemes het offre rss t= owe enc pote tillering fhe sare tao se of uae ‘ther of unr om feo” Ppl Sand 117, 12 J, Bop Se. 9. 15. Aro Wille, Dis and alr Buy on erin Pe Bal ‘inte The as Hop Uieiy Ps, 962.5 1 Remend Ane, Pe and Wr Tir frat Pc New ek Double 1965p. 72Fond 986 1. Ths ieee hy al wil fen cfm eae“ enn a ect pole ining on wei heya ny ‘eve aie odo uhng nue One cape wa din on 0 he ‘See ein 16 Je ces Rony, “On Scie Cont Pie of Plc Right (17 funda Jala Conny Bol) 4-174 Aan Re nd ‘hl Coney Bonds, Rec Poison Yor WW Nr te 1988) 7 9 17. Thi esl pment repiion of arin noni Frm i the ‘iif ere an td eon ade by one vec ene dese" mot nony Andes Bosaup ahd Pol Holm Andean (Fm hom 1 Ive lol hiner of Claevi,The mate to ane tee ‘pre ny and he whe neh ct And Bsr diced ‘heme conden a inp of Caen wa and am his how of biker acing (plc ew es coaanins Thee on a once wee depend on 3 cneptin oferty (een ew Soveign) by necty mii Eat, ech gn Bar of ‘soprano is wo hy ecating po ey fom x lay {miss Ob Waser "eleperfSaainson Seaton of Rng (Geman Socal roti V. Hale and PSone, de Exope Tati ‘ao Malar Say London em Pie 159) pe 10-9. Se ml roe eons very mach tthe ips sod ei Chie Incxpeston of Ander Bo Andes Bost "Ste sandr og ge oe Clase: Cat on teri tn ten on png, 0, 19. Cao Casewi, Yo ie rial publish 1852), anki UM sin Maier, 1980). 19—Bos Chap | lowe J Cet isn in On Wr, ele with on nvodaioe by Anal apap atmo OK Pegi 985, 9.103 20. Gs om ge Bok, ehape,.17: Oe i p10. 21 Aron Pe and Wing 2 22 Thoma Heer, Leen Mid ean Bk, 1968165, p 2328 23. Mor pci in teh) foe at ey” woud been a le| j i 20 «Ole Waser tiara hi aborted engin my “Sect he Spec At” Sx RO ht Tye w(t Ono Unie Pre 1975, 2d wetness pct gree asp nee Teeter entation leniency “She heater Ste serge aerate Feith cacti Rng ie ee ws Repand Ar, Ox War Asie Wipe nd Gb! Diploma (Land: sod ary 138 Pech fa 197D. pr. 0-102 se icy Dk, Drecenpiichinn de Badeagperci— Stang Dem Gok ie cgcice ge,189, E ase 1 ried wea Bedow and Rel Hone Bes, De deh Fon Seo ios Dever Geel fr angie Fe Te Smet "ebge of stan’ ad Ole Were, Cone: of ra Chg Some Nomar apc of Sci Thnk int FRG B04 i Wee ay Bape Popo, Fr egies eG cnman twang pow) we pie se hs ow nch ee ste bch nea Oe ee of RRS csr” tor ee how alte fi bower te ad elon eve erin cove te more eroa coc beh "peo NEESER woe oe, oe Ban pl, Sat and Fa Secor, stand 338 Ber ne Conte of Vion Vins of Can” pp. 28-325 i: wane ay Bump py SS tye Reae Bees A New Hayate Vs Retin” Now ik i of 38,1993 nm 52 ee Th Changing Chace of Cnn” 35 SNS sen he Df Braga Sac Se ean elena” Si Soe A, ms 1989) 5-73 Jen SE in Onntgy osncati(Onoa: Cannon Pe, 1992, Se er ie taro of rein of owe” dh he hld te ome tl em owen ew ie owe are Laie ned opps cages toni ere vse cp SESSUEE Dymus ees Hunk, ns Ber Alert The Seta One Ute Pes 990; and le Waves, "The Changing Ca se efcontiniy op. Seawitnaton nd Destin + 81 29.0 We Sen pc app 86—aigrenod aes "Sia Bro Cone acim “ne a Congo eee Rani” re saint 3 iy G7 Dog eo 7 Seth Chg Che nr yt 3 Acc br wt tee fn Seg oe een, sete al ie pe ware ce el caer alr en ee ‘xe ly Cn cry meee “9 Rac Hse ans es he ‘ec_ Hs W MEay al anaes Te ace se 25a, ie ‘Gee il riche ae ‘Reims sl in cto “0 cy pea fe Ennis Gren hci Rr S990 Wee ened ee eye 15 Flay oy uacin ed Me somes Scepter opm et ingens cont te No, 92-08, Université Laval, Quebec). Sa "jt es Dope Sao rp “2 ir tm, “aime Sey Pd od Goring pea Exon Sei (Cab GERPE, No 2-05, Reena sy ae ‘sistem Sane Shim-tomececigcee sie meh Coin a pr Using ec tomes get oe “Dba "he ei men “Nacional Securing.” in 19, 0. 3 | 90) 57a ketone ed inh a "trance "p32 6 tenn tntaman sree Nota Carey mtn Bs ceri crinenncinn cha osc Soe feo bef gr a Ge hart Rs Cede ffs cates eee ees Research, Copenhagen, 1985. niece men aye” aE eS 26,82 - Oe Waver 54. Dean "The Cos Aint Linking Envroementl Deaton. 4, 5 Bann, Enviroment Stil 25.08 p. 16-9 about the sw sph 56: Ts ne fhe au of cy an indicia of eae nde ns ng chs nlp nial ema eto ‘lv moe analy ps few J Un versa oh ‘Sani fr camp Tiny B.S ly, Th Sof ed te Pid Onder (soc lack 1992) and Quen Snes "Or jute te Camino Good tod Por of ikery” pp. 211-24 Chat Moll, Dino of Ra ical Donon Pion. isp, Comma Lande: Vo, 1982 Fal ‘hex a pu in cciing dco he the Gown ne Imac cbr tempor poll sen af ner hare cer opeaiy ilies nr necsary expen ofthe nal” of comm bu nee 2 (Be frm of prelate” Se Rind KA. “ingong Ineraanl ‘Rapate Nous on abet of Govemans pp 231-90 £0. Cami and] N, Roca, Gal Chng nd Thal Challe (eign Les Japon Books, 1905), ad Ok Wave “Ineraonal Say she Gem Bally cold be ton ht seat og oe pled od he apc. ‘teenie sl”) ad he pole he ke) raped y Tay Soon, The Sf 3. 57. The tary of ciel pop cule th way and meio city 4 lind icy fom bow Te aio cil ape ght edo ‘solace and era Tha al cy ens tra in ‘ey aallower leek sens howe et sible nh am of ae ler seer sel uy nuh chi wuld i ome he ck ‘at an soil age ew of say nba feu quien id ‘al pd cay. Opening up he tiiton of il cya ‘fin gaup wold end pay pening eon init epson of ‘hen end inte dion of an ogee conception he conse ‘fie A wih ae wey cel uy bso Bevel fi oa the ‘ay asc apn whch aan indpendent ela whi ee hana ‘Een fon she nun of ida Appchig by wy fing teorprtng bt piace ne wl ere epi enn of ey Folens Which econ in be rap often ene d ese adi evn Int cof eel went tel ect ‘sete a fn made nae hess npr in iy fl nse ‘Ti, hows has tobe conepealy put he ata alec ocelot icy The objet fe yi chy ether he sat or eG of hide Sh Tel af cary pin ogc ofa of une hehe caiyileen beeper nnd reo Spi mea edb inch penile ple ee jain fount ck en Ste yn Bence Gi Seoriaton and Desai «89 ich iad bahia een tp pore Ine cf el nas sate wl al feces pure ‘isn and tenon mar cpl oe of ae meu vce cay, When ‘io nd ete dono ence Bowes he iy os nec ato tiloer nea enc ft te Mare pect ah hoop ang "atone omy lb tnson Bic wth te ‘al rio ator pjesf somata oe ae 59 Thea beard interme "a dep The minal mehr asthe aratage of doing ar atcnsn othe chaste ops pice fhe meg wri ns so cia ch ony alfrea,The ‘ois bvoay an igs tpl aig my nee [enn of ehnore nina a fen ini nes of “nd of he ‘ico wine maf the een of pita or one at ‘nmi, poll pe wo nied ag he rep of rly defied ‘hi witha ighs nie sds cl ind fos eee "onl lions, 7b ito ay spr auth Th one tee ev thats cals monroe aa rep ‘thre Cequny ee he none cle apres ee pe ‘The muon-teeoe begining sete oan of ng say tt lnahisoral enpesive dere terme nan cop ing ed supe ton The ton tom naa iene pend oa he ‘voi (en 200-0 yeu il the tina might aot ins pone ‘errant. Thus ep mede playe l r bewalhe the Mie Ain hr imporae se The unerning fhe compe eae ne aes Bch bythe othe aso dang bot the “nyc ft naionl er snd he ri a ld ero ae re ‘eisai ai luo) ih men fs pce cae td Ingorucr fh econ eich te bse pang pip) re This obser a undead oe inporans spose cage ‘Sree! Anmunconenr ol i doin lt mine se afer ey oe lng th coming inparancef nonlin es ha ms he es: he maar cane ens topper the ef oho cone [pi the neonate wane noon so change snc yb ‘Bevo eee nto ar sc cos “Seley Bal The ra Say Say of nd Wr Pie onan acai 197 p25 264% 29 snd 915 ane De Dean Or Dio 4 Gavaly of Ween Emenee One Bel, 1987) 9p. 90s Ps ‘Trey Wake “The Diino Seay Sei the Cate f Cann zing oes Koei Arma 1 203 Sune 1991) 315-14, opp ‘SOE he Wee Tey ahr nd Ment Te a 20 Cay coer ‘Neo Mati Pulte Src i Ese” pape fr th a crocs of EUPRA, Eupen Pee Resch Aca, Foner, Nove 10199, (Se Ole Weve ea iy. Migs and hn Seri Agden ily chper snd Ole Wa, Inet td ey Une she(96+ Ole Wer Mavic Le Goame Key Meta, The ayes Dod Sting (Cone owen Conf Resch, Copeatagen, Wosing Piper 12410. ih Sx rca Eres Ley, Togo he Rott of Oo Times (Condon Vo. 95, po. 09-92. "Pedy ever te ei yal ii more Amen an ofuopons hoe samep fecal iy udm mie uae Ang ‘Sanh ney sc ind oy apr, weer cone dion ‘Tfcnae snd iy we conse teh Rene Dyson he Ste Td “miner ene Oxi Matin bean 18D ny A Kg World ‘ena roe: Houphoe Min 1957p. 192-9, The Ane ion. coer a ar inca once fet whch he ot oa 27 ‘re moe nat bt nied a eae he a ‘om kd fen) oly when sre —and eed. “Camino peo pot te own ight exec, non ee ies paste ears sli » eh esate, htm ten unl en vg Ths a Ameria dking ss ese hime sey farce main ad A ‘omep ofcel cay shen ce ole ne econ el fe ‘Src an! ppt oe planer one eons te ci ont n- ‘ho snp al Aner Kone ser with Thomash ti "What ‘Smee nr nce management fei cae® io an ‘Aerio ae wh nai which hw ae he ight sy ‘ha pero i inser nd nas chy cn wth te Se Edipo sad hpne’ gh of Mapp) en pre parc ‘Siuty fe pre aol en Iran nce To continental Enos he ere dan eprgeclannanen fr ange cole ness = ‘Tinea von ans un thio and oer Sooo 15 Ca Sch ven cid he kf the awa deine ey and ‘ica nd hale omgh hiner es waco va Ind dean whey teva would lr posi bere yew Poe Gii'She Der Bef do Plcher fn: Duns snd Haro. 1963 1193), ape p56 “Gt eth Fri Pes, Sey ad the Movement of Prop” wpb liked pope ile and Race Inte, Upp Sede. “5: Quay ein 17. 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SRC ee sp yw genial see shoe is nee wb des Yael ce a pepper inte ge poe at Poy ae hay ee nrg hontreaocatu watt nichcapel ope Wrice\teonostuniveaf our users rabies dy fanaa nd ipl” move cl) a86» Oe Waser ty pas se si lf enrcien, Thi p tude queen dsp rcs pate, Rr wdc aac peers eprint Seren rer ate ce meamreeyrntanarccuteontearest ieee rth eee etapa SEES ae cutee esp ot SISTERS canoe nyo eos per ternerel eater lot ropentlly max an ed ih ae pone an es 4 - Political Fission: State Structure, Civil Society, and Nuclear Security Politics in the United States Daniel Deudney axing the at hal century the unlined deructve capacity of mucear has pur the question ofthe “ste of he ear” onto the poll forthe fic ein history. This has fred plc, ede and ris to grapple with the nla politcal question: what kinds of pl practic, and insittons are bes sued to providing sect inthe ra? Because the tate andsatesysem ae crete dominant ‘of pol instonsconcemed with security and vlc the oll quescon ifs abou the Be berween the clea forces ction and satis iasttions and practice Do thee eapabiies a revoaconary challenge othe sate aro a provider of xc ‘Oran these new ries be accommodate with lately isgni. iniwinalajsrment? he ancien dive, and forefil uation concerned wih the ps beeen power, secu. and polis onde fers ich st and practices elvan oanewering the mle oll quer There re, however, fandamental diagreemeatsascng Reals on Realist views on this telaonsip ill igo thice broad which I ell war uation, deen ses, and uceer one Each ofthese incerpreations were arclated atthe beginning