18

Integration in the Complex Plane

Exercises 18.1

(z + 3) dz = (2 + 4i)

1.

13

(2t + 3) dt + i
1

(4t 1) dt = (2 + 4i)[14 + 14i] = 28 + 84i

C
2

2
2 [t 3(t + 2)i](1 + 2ti) dt =

2.
C

3.
C

(2z z) dz =

16

t2 dt =
2
=

z 2 dz = (3 + 2i)3

(3z 2 2z) dz =

(3 + 2i)3 48 +

(15t4 + 4t3 + 3t2 2t) dt + i

(6t5 + 12t3 6t2 ) dt = 2 + 0i = 2

0

1 +z

it

5. Using z = e , /2 t /2, and dz = ie dt,

|z|2 dz =

20
i
3

it

6.

(t2 + 2) dt = 50 +

736
i
3

4.

(6t3 + 13t) dt + i

2t5 +

t2 + t4

dt i

/2

dz =

(1 + eit ) dt = (2 + )i.

/2

dt = 21 + ln 4

21
8

t
7. Using z = eit = cos t + i sin t, dz = ( sin t + i cos t) dt and x = cos t,
2 cos t( sin t + i cos t) dt =
2 sin t cos t dt +

i
Re(z) dz =
C

1
2

2
0

sin 2t dt + 1
2
i

2 (1

(z + i)3

cos2 t dt

+ cos 2t) dt = i.

8. Using z + i = eit , 0 t 2, and dz = ieit dt,

5
1

z+i

2it

[e

+ 8 dz = i

it

5 + 8e ] dt = 10i.

9. Using y = x + 1, 0 x 1, z = x + (x + 1)i, dz = (1 i) dx,

0

7
1
[x2 + (1 x)3 i] dx = +
i.
12 12
C
1
10. Using z = eit , t 2, dz = ieit dt, x = cos t = (eit + eit )/2, y = sin t = (eit eit )/2i,
1
1
i 2 3it
i 2 3it
it
it
3it
it
it
it
3it
it
(x3 iy 3 ) dz =
(e + 3e + 3e + e )e dt
(e 3e + 3e e )e dt
+
8
8
C
(x2 + iy 3 ) dz = (1 i)

=
ez dz =

11.

1
i
8

ez dz +
C1

C2

3
i.
4

ez dz where C1 and C2 arethelinesegments y = 0, 0 x 2 and y = x + 2,

(2e4it + 6) dt =

779

1 x 2, respectively. Now
2

ez dz =
C1

ex dx = e2 1

ez dz = (1 i)
C2

ex+(x+2)i dx = (1 i)

e(1i)x dx = e1i e2(1i) = e e2 .

2

780

Exercises 18.1
In the second integral we have used the fact that ez has period 2i. Thus
ez dz = (e2 1) + (e e2 ) = 1 e.
C

sin z dz =

12.

sin z dz +
C1

C2

sin z dz where C1 and C2 arethelinesegments y = 0, 0 x 1, and x = 1,

0 y 1, respectively. Now

sin x dx = 1 cos 1

sin z dz =
C1

0
1

Thus

sin(1 + iy) dy = cos 1 cos(1 + i).

sin z dz = i
C2

sin z dz = (1 cos 1) + (cos 1 cos(1 + i)) = 1 cos(1 + i) = (1 cos 1 cosh 1) + i sin 1 sinh 1 = 0.1663 +
0.9889i.
C

13. We have

Im(z i) dz =

(y 1) dz

(y 1) dz +
C1

C2

On C1 , z = eit , 0 t /2, dz = ieit dt, y = sin t = (eit eit )/2i,

C1

1
= (y 1) dz =
2

it
/2 [e

eit 2i]eit dt =

/2

1
2

[e2it 1 + 2ieit ] dt = 1
4

1
i.
2

On C2 , y = x + 1, 1 x 0, z = x + (x + 1)i, dz = (1 + i) dx,
1

x dx =
(y 1) dz = (1 + i)
C2

Im(z i) dz =

Thus

1 1
+ i.
2 2

1
i
4 2

1 1
+ i
2 2

=3 .
2
4

14. Using x = 6 cos t, y = 2 sin t, /2 t 3/2, z = 6 cos t + 2i sin t, dz = (6 sin t + 2i cos t) dt,
3/2

dz = 6
C

15. We have

3/2

sin t dt + 2i
/2

ze dz =
C

/2

zez dz +

cos t dt = 2i(2) = 4i.

zez dz +

ze dz +

C1

C2

C3

zez dz
C4

On C1 , y = 0, 0 x 1, z = x, dz = dx,
1

zez dz =
C1

xe x dx = xe x ex

= 1.
0

On C2 , x = 1, 0 y 1, z = 1 + iy, dz = i dy,
1

zez dz = i
C2

(1 + iy)e1+iy dy = iei+1 .

On C3 , y = 1, 0 x 1, z = x + i, dz = dx,
zez dz =

C3

(x + i)ex+i dx = (i 1)ei ie1+i .

Exercises 18.1
On C4 , x = 0, 0 y 1, z = iy, dz = i dy,
0

zez dz =
C4

Thus

yeiy dy = (1 i)ei 1.

zez dz = 1 + iei+1 + (i 1)ei ie1+i + (1 i)ei 1 = 0.

f (z) dz =

f (z) dz +
C1

16. We have

f (z) dz
C2

On C1 , y = x2 , 1 x 0, z = x + ix2 , dz = (1 + 2xi) dx,

0

f (z) dz =
C1

2(1 + 2xi) dx = 2 2i.

On C2 , y = x2 , 0 x 1, z = x + ix2 , dz = (1 + 2xi) dx,

1

f (z) dz =
C2

6x(1 + 2xi) dx = 3 + 4i.

f (z) dz = 2 2i + 3 + 4i = 5 + 2i.

Thus
C

x dz =
17. We have

x dz +

x dz +

C1

x dz

C2

C3

On C1 , y = 0, 0 x 1, z = x, dz =
dx,

x dx =

x dz =
C1

On C2 , x = 1, 0 y 1, z = 1 + iy, dz = i dy,

1
.
2

x dz = i

dy = i.
0

C2

On C3 , y = x, 0 x 1, z = x + ix, dz = (1 + i) dx,
0

x dz = (1 + i)
C3

1
1 1
1
x dz = 2 + i 2 2 i = 2 i.
C

Thus
18. We have

1 1
x dx = i.
2 2

(2z 1) dz =
C

(2z 1) dz +

(2z 1) dz

(2z 1) dz +

C1

C2

C3

On C1 , y = 0, 0 x 1, z = x, dz = dx,
1

(2x 1) dx = 0.

(2z 1) dz =
C1

On C2 , x = 1, 0 y 1, z = 1 + iy, dz = i dy,
1

(2z 1) dz = 2
C2

y dy + i
0

On C3 , y = x, z = x + ix, dz = (1 + i) dx,
0

dy = 1 + i.

(2x 1 + 2ix) dx = 1 i.
(2z 1) dz = (1 + i)
C3

Exercises 18.1
Thus

(2z 1) dz = 0 1 + i + 1 i = 0.

z 2 dz =
19. We have

z 2 dz +

z 2 dz +

C1

z 2 dz

C2

C3

On C1 y = 0, 0 x 1, z = x, dz =
dx,

z 2 dz =
C1

x2 dx =

1
.
3

On C2 , x = 1, 0 y 1, z = 1 + iy, dz = i dy,
1

z 2 dz =
C2

(1 + iy)2 i dy = 1 +

2
i.
3

On C3 , y = x, 0 x 1, z = x + ix, dz = (1 + i) dx,
0

z 2 dz = (1 + i)3
C3

Thus
20. We have

x2 dx =

2 2
i.
3 3

2
2 2
1
2
z dz = 3 1 + 3 i + 3 3 i = 0.
C
z2 dz =
z2 dz + z2 dz + z2 dz
C1

On C1 , y = 0, 0 x 1, z = x, dz =
dx,

C2

z2 dz =

C3

x2 dx =

1
.
3

On C2 , x = 1, 0 y 1, z = 1 + iy, dz = i dy,
1

z2 dz =
C2

(1 iy)2 (i dy) = 1 +

2
3

i.

On C3 , y = x, 0 x 1, z = x + ix, dz = (1 + i) dx,
0

z2 dz = (1 i)2 (1 + i)
C3

2 2
x2 dx = + i.
3 3

2 4
1
2 2 2
+ i = + i.
z2 dz = + 1 +
3
3 3

C i
3
3
3

Thus

21. On C , y = x + 1, 0 x 1, z = x + (x + 1)i, dz = (1 i) dx,

1

4 5
[x2 (1 x)2 x + 2 + (3x 2x2 1)i] dx = i.
0
3 3
2
(z z + 2) dz =
(z 2 z + 2) dz +
(z 2 z + 2) dz

(z 2 z + 2) dz = (1 i)
C

C1

22. We have

C2

On C1 , y = 1, 0 x 1, z = x + i, dz = dx,
1

(z 2 z + 2) dz =
C1

5
[(x + i)2 x + 2 i] dx = 6 .

On C2 , x = 1, 0 y 1, z = 1 + iy, dz = i dy,
(z 2 z + 2) dz = i

1 5
[(1 + iy)2 + 1 iy] dy =

i.

Exercises 18.1
(z 2 z + 2) dz = 1 5 i + 5 = 4 5
i.
2 3
6
3
3
C

Thus

23. On C , y = 1 x2 , 0 x 1, z = x + i(1 x2 ), dz = (1 2xi) dx,

1

(z 2 z + 2) dz =
C

1
4

(2x5 8x3 + 3x2 1) dx =

(5x + 2x + 7x 3x + 1) dx + i
0

24. On C , x = sin t, y = cos t, 0 t /2 or z = ieit , dz = eit

dt,

4
3

5
3

i.

/2

/2

(z 2 z + 2) dz =
C

=
ez

25. On C ,

|e |

Thus
z2 + 1

ez

z 2 2i

1
1
ie 3i/2 + ei +
3
2
2ie

24

1
=
|z| |2i|

(e3it ie2it + 2eit ) dt

0

|z| 2 1

1
26. On C , 2

(e2it ieit + 2)eit dt =

. Thus
C

1 1
4 5
i
2i = i.
3
2
3 3

dz

z2 + 1
1

34

i/2

e
24

dz

e .
12

z 2 2i

10 =
1

(12) =
.
34 2
17

27. The length of the line segment from z = 0 to z = 1 + i is 2 . In addition, on this line segment
|z 2 + 4| |z|2 + 4 |1 + i| 2 + 4 = 6.

( z 2 + 4) dz 6 2 .

Thus

28. On C ,

1 . Thus

|z|

dz

(8) =

C
3

z3
dz = lim

64
n

29. (a)
lim
C

P 0

64 4

1 )

zk =

(zk zk
P 0

k=1

32

k=1

= lim [(z z ) + (z z ) + (z z ) + + (z
1
0
2
1
3
2
n1 zn2 ) + (zn zn1
P 0
= lim )] (zn z0 ) = zn z0
P
0

(b) With zn = 2i and z0 = 2i,

30. With

z
k

dz = 2i (2i) = 4i.
C

= zk ,

z dz = lim
C

P 0

zk (zk zk1 )

k=1

= lim [(z 2 z z ) + (z 2 z z ) + + (z 2 z
1 0
2 1
n
z
2
n
P
0 n1

With z = zk1 ,
k

1 )].

(1)

z dz = lim
P 0

zk1 (zk zk1 )

k=1

= lim [(z z z 2 ) + (z z z 2 ) + + (z
1 2
n
z 0 1

0
1
P 0

1
n

z2

n 1

Adding (1) and (2) gives

2
C

z dz = lim (z 2 z 2 ) or
n
0
P 0

z dz =

1
2

(z n z 0 ).

)].

(2)

Exercises 18.1
31. (a)

(6z + 4) dz = 6
C

z dz + 4
C

dz =
C

6
(1 + i)2 ] + 4[(2 +
[(2 + 3i)2
3i)
2

(b) Sincethecontour is closed, z0 = zn and so

(1 + i)] = 11 + 38i

dz = 6[z z ] + 4[z0 z0 ] = 0.
6

z dz + 4
C

32. For f (z) = 1/z, f (z) = 1/z, so on z = 2eit , z = 2eit , dz = 2ieit dt, and
1 2it 2 1 4i
2
e
1
it
2
1] = 0.
= [
C f (z) dz = 0 2eit 2ie dt = 2 e
0

Thus circulation = Re

f (z) dz = 0, net ux = Im

f (z) dz

= 0.

33. For f (z) = 2z, f (z) = 2z, so on z = eit , z = eit , dz = ieit dt, and
2
2

(eit )(ieit dt) = 2i

C f (z) dz =
Thus circulation = Re

dt = 4i.
0

f (z) dz = 0, net ux = Im

f (z) dz

= 4.

34. For f (z) = 1/(z 1), f (z) = 1/(z 1), so on z 1 = 2eit , dz = 2ieit dt, and
2

C f (z) dz =

Thus circulation = Re

it

2ie dt = i
dt = 2i.
2eit
0
f (z) dz = 0, net ux = Im f (z) dz = 2.
0

35. For f (z) = z, f (z) = z so on thesquarewehave

C f (z) dz =

z dz +
C1

z dz +
C2

z dz +
C3

z dz
C4

wheRe C1 is y = 0, 0 x 1, C2 is x = 1, 0 y 1, C3 is y = 1, 0 x 1, and C4 is x = 0, 0 y 1.
Thus
1

z dz =
C1

x dx =

0
1

z dz = i
C2

C4

and so

(1 + iy) dy =

1
+i
2

1
(x
+
i)
dx
=

i
1
2
1
0 y dy =
2
z dz =
z dz =

C3

1
2

1
1
C f (z) dz = 2 + 2 + i

1
1
i + =0
2
2

circulation = Re

net ux = Im
C

f (z) dz

= Re(0) = 0

f (z) dz

= Im(0) = 0.

Exercises 18.2

Exercises 18.2
1. f (z) = z 3 1 + 3i is a polynomial and so is an entire function.
1
is analytic within and on thecircle |z| = 1.
2. z 2 is entire and
z4
3. f (z) =

z
is discontinuous at z = 3/2 but is analytic within and on thecircle |z| = 1.
2z + 3

4. f (z) =

z 3
is discontinuous at z = 1 + i and at z = 1 i but is analytic within and on thecircle
z 2 + 2z + 2

|z| = 1.
5. f (z) =

sin z
is discontinuous at z = 5 and at z = 3i but is analytic within and on thecircle
2

25)(z
+ 9)
(z 2

|z| = 1.
z

e
6. f (z) = 2
is discontinuous at z = 5/2 and at z = 3 but is analytic within and on
2z + 11z + 15
thecircle
|z| = 1.

3
7. f (z) = tan z is discontinuous at z = ,
, . . . but is analytic within and on thecircle
2
2
3
z2

i, . . . but is analytic within and on thecircle z

is discontinuous at
i,
98. f (z) =

|
cosh z
2
2
9. By theprincipleof deformation of contours wecan choosethemoreconvenient circular contour
dened by |z| = 1. Thus
1
1
z dz =
dz = 2i
C
C1 z

|z| = 1.
= 1.
|
C1

by (4) of Section 18.2.

10. By theprincipleof deformation of contours wecan choosethemoreconvenient circular contour C1
1
dened by |z (1 i)| =
. Thus
16

5
dz = 5
z +1+i

C1

1
dz = 5(2i) = 10i
( 1
i)

by (4) of Section 18.2.

11. By Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,
z+
C

1
dz = 0 + 2i = 2i.
z

z dz +

dz =
C

12. By Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

z+

dz =

1 dz +

dz = 0 + 0 = 0.

z2
C z
z2
C
is analytic within and on C it follows from Theorem 18.4 that
C

13. Since f (z) =

z
z2 2

14. By (4) of Section 18.2,

z
C

dz = 0.

10
dz = 0.
(z + i)4

z 2 2
15. By partial fractions,

2z + 1

z(z + 1)

dz =

1 dz +

z+1

dz.

Exercises 18.2
(a) By Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

(b)

By writing

1
1
C z dz + C z + 1 dz = 2i + 0 = 2i.
where C1 and C2 arethecircles |z| = 1/2 and |z + 1| = 1/2, respectively,
= +
C
C
1

wehaveby Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

1
1
1
1
1
1
C z dz + C z + 1 dz = C z dz + C z + 1 dz + C z dz + C z + 1 dz
1
1
2
2
= 2i + 0 + 0 + 2i = 4i.
2z + 1
z(z
+ 1) is analytic within and on C it follows from Theorem 18.4 that
(c) Since f (z) =
2z + 1
dz = 0.
2 + z
z
C
1e e dz +
1e e dz.

z 3 i
z + 3i
C

2z

16. By partial fractions,

dz =

C z 2 + 3

(a) By Theorem 18.4,

1
1
z + 3 i dz + C z 3 dz = 0 + 0 = 0.
C
i
(b) By Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,
z+
C
=

(c) By writing

dz +
3i

dz = 0 + 2i = 2i.
3i

where C1 and C2 arethecircles |z +

3 i| = 1/2 and |z

3 i| = 1/2,

C2

respectively, we have by Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

1
1
1
1
1
1
dz +

dz =

dz +

dz +

dz +

dz
z

3
i
z

3i
z + 3i
z
+
3
i
z
+
3
i
z

3
i
C1
C2
C1
C2
C

17. By partial fractions,

= 2i + 0 + 0 + 2i = 4i.
3 z + 2
1
1
dz 4 z 6 dz.
z 2 8z + 12 dz = C z 2
C

(a) By Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

1

(b)

By writing

= 0 4(2i) = 8i.

dz
dz
z2
C z 6
where C1 and C2 arethecircles |z 2| = 1 and |z 6| = 1, respectively,

C + C
1

wehaveby Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

1
1
1
1
1
1
C z 2 dz 4 C z 6 dz = z 2 dz 4 z 6 dz + z 2 dz 4
dz
C1
C1
C2
C2 z 6
= 2i 4(0) + 0 4(2i) = 6i.

Exercises 18.2
where C1 and C2 arethecircles |z + 2| = 1 and |z 2i| = 1, respectively, we

18. (a) By writing

C + C

have by Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

3
1
3

dz
dz =

z +2
z 2i
C
C1 z + 2

dz
z 2i
= 3(2i) 0 + 0 2i = 4i.

C2

dz
z +2

C1

C2

z 2i

dz

19. By partial fractions,

z 1

z(z i)(z 3i)

dz

dz
3 C z

i
zi

dz

1
i

z 3i

dz.

By Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

=0+

z 1
z(z i)(z 3i)

dz

1
2

2i + 0 = (

i).

20. By partial fractions,

1

dz =

z 3 + 2iz 2

dz.
dz i 2 dz C
2 C z
4 C z
z + 2i
4

By Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,

1
1
1
1

dz = 2i i(0) (0) = i.
3 + 2iz 2
z
4
2
4
2
C
8z 3
8z 3
8z 3
dz =
dz
21. We have
dz

2
z2 z
z2 z
C1
C2 z z
C
where C1 and C2 aretheclosed portions of thecurve C enclosing z = 0 and z = 1, respectively. By partial
fractions, Theorem 18.4, and (4) of Section 18.2,
1
1
8z 3
dz = 5(0) + 3(2i) =
dz
=
5
+
3
dz
z

1
2
z z
C
C 6i z
C1
1
1
1
1
3
= 5(2i) + 3(0) = 10i.
2
8z
dz
=5
+3
C1 z z
dz
dz
C2 z
C2 z 1

Thus

8z 2 3 = 6i 10i = 4i.
z z
dz

22. By choosing themoreconvenient contour C1 dened by |z z0 | = r where r is small enough so that the circle
C1 lies entirely within C wecan write

1
1
dz =
dz.
(z

z0 )n
n

(z z0 )
C1

Let z z0 = reit , 0 t 2 and dz = ireit dt. Then for n = 1:

2

1
C1 z z0

dz =
0

1
reit

For n = 1:
1

dz =

(1n)it

dt =

it

ire dt = i

(1n)it

dt = 2i.

[e2(1n)i

1] = 0
since e

C1 (z
2(1n)i

z0 ) n

= 1.

r n1

r n1 i(1 n)

r n1 (1 n)

Exercises 18.2
z

23. Write

C
z

By Theorem 18.4,

e
e
z + 3 dz 3
3z dz =
C z dz.

z +3
C

e
C z + 3 dz = 0. However, since z is not analytic,
it
(ieit dt) = 2i.
2 e
z dz =
C

Thus

e
3z dz = 0 3(2i) = 6i.
z +3

24. Write

(z 2 + z + Re(z)) dz = (z 2 + z) dz + Re(z) dz.

By Theorem 18.4,

(z 2 + z) dz = 0. However, since Re(z) = x is not analytic,

x dz =
C

x dz +

x dz +

C2

C3

x dz

where C1 is y = 0, 0 x 1, C2 is x = 1, 0 y 2, and C3 is y = 2x, 0 x 1. Thus,

0
1
1
1

C x dz =

x dx +
i

dy + (1 + 2i)

x dx =

+ 2i

(1 + 2i) = i.

Exercises 18.3
1. (a) Choosing x = 0, 1 y 1 we have z = iy, dz = i dy. Thus
1

(4iy 1) dy = 2i.

(4z 1) dz = i
1

C
i

(b)
C

(4z 1) dz = 2z 2 z

(4z 1) dz =
i

= 2i

2. (a) Choosing theline y = 13x, 0 x 3 we have z = x + 31 xi, dz = (1 + 31 i) dx. Thus

1
3
1+ i
3
cos 1 1) + ie sin 1.
1
z
(1+
e
=
(e
e dz =
dx
=
e
=
e
e
1
i)x
3

(1+ 3 i)x

3+i

ez dz =

(b)
C

3+i
0

ez dz = ez

3+i

= e3+i

e0 = (e3 cos 1 1) + ie3 sin 1

3. The given integral is independent of the path. Thus

2i

2i

2z dz =

2+7i

2+7i

2z dz = z 2
4. The given integral is independent of the path. Thus
2i

6z 2 dz =
3+i

5.

z dz =

1
3

3+i

=6+

26
i
3

6z 2 dz = z 3

= 48 + 24i.

2i

= 15 24i.

Exercises 18.3
2

6.

(3z 4z + 5i) dz = z 2z + 5iz

1+i

7.

z dz =

1i

1+i

=0

1i

2i

1 4

3i (z z) dz = 4 z
2
3

1i

9.

2i

3i

1
2
3
(2z + 1) dz = 6 (2z + 1)

1i

7 22

i
6
3

i/2

(iz + 1)3 dz =

123
4

i/2

10.

= 19 3i

2i

2i

8.

1
(iz + 1)4
4i

= i
1

11.

i
i/2

ez dz =

ez

1+2i

12.

zez

i/2
1+2i

1 2
dz = ez
2

1i

1
1 3+4i
1
e2i ] = (e3 cos 4 cos 2) + (e3 sin 4 + sin 2)i = 0.1918 + 0.4358i
[e
2
2
2

1i

z
z
sin 2 dz = 2 cos

13.
i
12i

2
+2i

+2i

14.

1
1
i

cos z dz = sin z

i
12i

= 2 cos

+ i cos

= 2i sin sinh 1 = 2.3504i

2
2

= sin i sin(1 2i) = i sinh [sinh 1 cosh 2 i cos 1 sinh 2]

= sin 1 cosh 2 + i(sinh + cos 1 sinh 2) = 3.1658 + 13.5083i

15.

2i
i

16.

cosh z dz = sinh z

1+ 2
i

sinh 3z dz

2i
i

= sinh 2i sinh i = i sin 2 i sin = 0

1
cosh 3z
3

3 i cosh 3 i
1
cosh 3 +
3
2
=

1+ 2 i

1
3 + i sinh 3 sin 3
1 cos 3 1 i sinh 3 = 0.3300 3.3393i
cosh 3 cos
cos 3 =
3
2
2
3
3
4+ i
4i
1

4i
dz = Lnz
= Ln4i Ln( 4i) = log
log 4
i = i
e
2
4i z

4i

4+4i
e
2
4+4i
1

Ln(1 + i) = log
log
4 = 1.3863
4
2
+
i
2+
i = log

e
e
e
4
4
1+i
z
1+i
= i
4i
4i
1
1
1
1
1

dz =
=
2
4i
4i
2
z
4i z

17.

18.

4i

1+ 3 i

20.
1 i

1
z

1
z2

dz = Lnz 1

1+3 i

= loge 2 +

1e e

loge

1i

= loge

1
2+

+i

12

3
+

1+

3i

1
+

= 0.5966 + 2.7656i

21. Integration by parts gives

ez cos z dz =

1 z
e (cos z + sin z) + C
2

1i

Exercises 18.3
and so
i

1 i
1 z

e (cos z + sin z) =
i) [e (cos i + sin e (cos + sin )]
2

2
1
= [(cos 1 cosh 1 sin 1 sinh 1 + e ) + i(cos 1 sinh 1 + sin 1 cosh 1) = 11.4928 + 0.9667i.
2

ez cos z dz =

22. Integration by parts gives

z sin z dz = z cos z + sin z + C
and so

z sin z dz = z cos z + sin z

0

= i cos i + sin i = i cosh 1 + i sinh 1 = 0.3679i.

0

23. Integration by parts gives

zez dz = zez ez + C

and so
1+i

zez dz = ez (z 1)

1+i
i

= ie1+i +ei (1i) = (cos 1+sin 1e sin 1)+i(sin 1cos 1+e cos 1) =
0.9056+1.7699i.

24. Integration by parts gives

z 2 ez dz = z 2 ez 2zez + 2ez + C
and so

i
2 z

z e dz = e (z 2z + 2)
0

= ei ( 2 2i + 2) 2 = 2 4 + 2i.

Exercises 18.4
1. By Theorem 18.9, with f (z) = 4,

4
C z 3i dz = 2i 4 = 8i.

2. By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) = z 2 and f (z) = 2z,

2i 2(3i) = 12.
dz =
z2
1!
(z 3i)2

3. By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) = ez

,

i
ez
dz = 2ie = 2i.
z i

4. By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) = 1 + 2ez ,

1 +2ez
dz = 2i(1 + 2e0 ) = 6i.
z

5. By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) = z 2 3z + 4i,

z 2 3z +4i
dz
z (2i)

= 2i(4 + 6i + 4i) = (20 + 8i).

Exercises 18.4
1
cos z,
3

6. By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

7. (a) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

1
cos z
3
z

dz = 2i 3 cos 3
3

i.

z2
,
z + 2i

(b) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

z2
z + 2i dz = 2i
4

z 2i
4i

= 2.

z2
,
z 2i
z2
dz = 2i

z 2i

4 = 2.
4i

z (2i)

z +3z +2i
8. (a) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =
,
z+4
z 2 + 3z + 2i
z+4
z1

dz = 2i
4 + 2i
=
5

z2 +3z +2i
,
z1

(b) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

4 8
+ i .
5 5

z 2 + 3z + 2i
dz = 2i

z 1

4 +2 i
5

z (4)

4 8
i .
5 5

z +4
9. By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =
,
zi

z2 + 4
12
z i
dz = 2i
3i
z 4i

= 8.

sin z
10. By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

z + i

,
sin z
z + i

sin i

dz = 2i

= i sinh .

2i

z i

11. By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) = ez , f (z) = 2zez , and f (z) = 4z 2 + 2ez ,
ez
ez

(z i)3

dz =

2i [4e

+ 2e

] = 2e

2!

12. By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) = z, f (z) = 1, f (z) = 0, and f (z) = 0,

i.

z
(z (i))4

dz

2i
(0) = 0.
3!

Exercises 18.4
13. By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) = cos 2z, f (z) = 2 sin 2z, f (z) = 4 cos 2z, f (z) = 8 sin 2z, f (4) (z) = 16 cos
2z,
2i
4
cos 2z
i.
(16 cos 0) =
dz
=
4!
3
C z 5
14. By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) = ez sin z, f (z) = ez cos z ez sin z, and f (z) = 2ez cos z,
2 i

ez sin z
dz =

C
z3
2z + 5
,
15. (a) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) = z 2

2!

( 2e cos 0) = 2i.

2z + 5
5
z 2

dz = 2i
2
z

= 5i.

(b) Sincethecircle |z (1)| = 2 encloses only z = 0, thevalueof theintegral is thesameas in part (a).
2z + 5
,
(c) From Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =
z

2z + 5
dz = 2i 9
z
2
z2

= 9i.

(d) Sincethecircle |z (2i)| = 1 encloses neither z = 0 nor z = 2 it follows from theCauchy-Goursat

Theorem, Theorem 18.4, that
= 0.
2z + 5
z(z 2) dz
C
16. By partial fractions,
z

(z 1)(z 2)

dz

=2

dz

z 2 C

dz
z1

(a) By the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Theorem 18.4,

= 0.
z
(z 1)(z 2) dz
C
(b) As in part (a), theintegral is 0.
(c) By Theorem 18.4,

dz
dz
= 0 whereas by Theorem 18.9,
= 2i. Thus
z2
z
1
C

dz

(d)

By Theorem 18.9,

= 2i.
z
dz
(z 1)(z 2)
dz

= 2i and

z1

= 2i. Thus

z2

= 2(2i) 2i = 3i.
z
C (z 1)(z 2) dz

17. (a) By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) =

z +2
and f (z) =
z 1i
z+2

3 i

z 1 i

dz =

(z
1
i)2

2 i
C

z2

1!

3 i
i).
(1 i)2

(3 +
=

Exercises 18.4
z +2
,
z2
z+2
z2

(b) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

dz = 2i

(1 + i)2

z (1 + i)

= (3 + i).

3+ i

1
1
2
18. (a) By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) = z 4 , f (z) = (z 4)2 , and f (z) =
(z

4)3 ,

1
z 4 dz = 2 i

2!

z3

64

i.

32

(b) By the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Theorem 18.4,

= 0.

2iz

19. By writing

dz
1
3
z (z 4)

e
z
4 (z i)3
z

2iz

dz =

we can apply Theorem 18.10 to each integral:

2i
8
e2iz
C z 4 dz = 3! ( 8i) = 3 ,

2iz

Thus

20. By writing

cosh z

(z )3

z4

(2z )3

2i
i)3

e
z
4 (z i)3
z
sin 2 z

(z

e
z
dz
3 dz
z4
C (z i)

dz =

dz =

dz =
8
3

2!

(12) = 12i.

+ 12i .

1 sin 2 z
8

dz
(z 2 )3 dz
(z )3
C

cosh z

we apply Theorem 18.4 to the rst integral and Theorem 18.10 to thesecond:
cosh z

= 0,

1
8

sin2 z
2

2 i

sin2

(z
)3

(z

3
)

2!
dz

Thus

cosh z

(z

21. We have

)3

sin2e z
(2z dz
)3

dz =

i.

, i.
4

1
1
(z 1)2
1
z3
dz =
dz
dz +
2
z 3 (z 1)2
z3
C1
C2 (z 1)

where C1 and C2 arethecircles |z| = 1/3 and |z 1| = 1/3, respectively. By Theorem 18.10,
1
(z 1)2
C

z3

Thus

2i
dz = 2! (6) = 6i,

C2

1
2i
z3
dz = 1! (3) = 6i.
2
(z 1)

6i = 0.
1

z 3 (z 1)2 dz = 6i
1

1
22. We have

1
dz =
z 2 (z 2 + 1)
C1

z 2 (z

+ i)

zi

dz +

C2

z +1
dz
z2

Exercises 18.4
where C1 and C2 arethecircles |z i| = 1/3 and |z| = 1/8, respectively. By Theorems 18.9 and 18.10,
1
1
2
2i
z +1
z 2 (z + i) dz = 2i
1
= ,
dz = 1! (0) = 0.

z2
C2

2i
zi
C1

Thus

.
1
dz =
z 2 (z 2 + 1)
3z + 1

3z + 1
23. We have

z
3z + 1 dz =
(z 2)z
dz
C1
z(z 2)2
(z 2) 2
C2
dz

where C1 and C2 aretheclosed portions of thecurve C enclosing z = 2 and z = 0, respectively.

By

Theorems 18.10 and 18.9,

3z + 1
2i
dz =
z

C1

1!

(z 2)2

Thus

3z + 1
(z 2)2

i,

C2

(z 2

i.

eiz
(z i) 2

3z + 1

dz= i i = i.
2
z(z 2)
2
2

eiz

24. We have

dz = 2i

(z + i)
e
dz =
dz
dz
2
2
2
+ 1)
C1 (z i)
C2 (z (i))

where C1 and C2 aretheclosed portions of thecurve C enclosing z = i and z = i, respectively.

By

Theorem 18.10,
eiz
2 i
dz =
(z + i)2

4e

= e

C1

1!

(z i)2

8i

Thus

C2

eiz
(z i)2 dz = 2 i

1!

8i

(z (i))2

= 0.

ei z
dz = e1 .
(z + 1)2
2

Chapter 18 Review Exercises

1. True

2. False

3. True

4. True

5. 0

6. (16 + 8i)

7. (6 i)

8. a constant function

9. True(Usepartial fractions and writethegiven integral as two integrals.)

10. True
11. integer not equal to 1; 1

12. 12

Chapter 18 Review Exercises

(x + iy) dz is independent of the path C . Thus

13. Since f (z) = z is entire,

C

C (x + iy) dz =

z dz =

z2
2

= 7.
2
4
(x iy) dz

14. We have

(x iy) dz =

(x iy) dz +
C1

(x iy) dz +
C2

C3

On C1 , x = 4, 0 y 2, z = 4 + iy, dz = i dy,
2

(4 iy)i dy = i

C1

(4 iy) dy = i 4y
0

On C2 , y = 2, 4 x 3, z = x + 2i, dz =
dx,

i 2
y
2

= 2 + 8i.

(x 2i) dx = x2 2ix
2

(x 2i) dx =
C2

=
4

14i.

On C3 , x = 3, 0 y 2, z = 3 + iy, dz = i dy,
(3 iy)i dy = i

C3

|z 2 | dz =

i 2
y
2

= 2 6i.

136 + 88 i
(t5 + t3 ) dt = 15
3

(t4 + t2 ) dt + 2i

16.

(3 iy) dy = i 3y

(x iy) dz = 2 + 8i 7 14i 2 6i = 7 12i.

2
2
C

Thus

15.

1+i

1+i

ez dz =

ez ( dz) =

1
(1
=

1 z
e

e )

17. By the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Theorem 18.4,

ez dz = 0.

1i

(4z 6) dz = 2z 2 6z

18.
3i

3i

1
3

1+4i

sin z dz = cos z

20.

12 + 20i

1+4i

sin z dz =

19.

1i =

(4z + 3z + 2z + 1) dz
=

2i

= cos 1 cos(1 + 4i) = 14.2144 + 22.9637i

1
2i

(4z 3 + 3z2 + 2z + 1) dz = z4 + 3z + 2z + z
0
12

= 6i

21. On |z| = 1, let z = eit , dz = ieit dt, so that

2 2it
(e
+ eit + eit + e2it )eit dt = eit + it 1 2it 1 3it
e + e
(z 2 + z 1 + z + z 2 ) dz = i
2
+
3
0
C
22. By partial-fractions and Theorem 18.9,
7
1
3z + 4
dz =
z2 1
2 C
C

dz

1
(2i) (2i) = 6i.
z1
2 C

= 2i.
0

z (1)

dz

23. By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) = e2z , f (z) = 2e2z , f (z) = 4e2z , and f (z) = 8e2z ,
2i

e2z
C

z4

dz =

3!

8
( 8) =

i.

Chapter 18 Review Exercises

24. By Theorem 18.10 with f (z) =

cos z and f (z) = sin z cos z 2 z sin z

(z 1)
z1
,
cos z
z 1 dz = 2 i
z2
1!

1
1

= 2i.

1
25. By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

2(z + 3)

,
1
2(z + 3)

dz = 2i

(z (1/2))

i.

26. Sincethefunction f (z) = z/ sin z is analytic within and on the given simple closed contour C , it follows from
the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Theorem 18.4, that
C z csc z dz = 0.
27. Using theprincipleof deformation of contours wechoose C to be the more convenient circular contour |z +i| =
On this circle z = i + 41 eit and dz = 41 ieit dt. Thus 2
1 it
z
0

28. (a) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

e i dt = 2.

eiz
,
2(z 2)

(b) By Theorem 18.9 with f (z) =

dz = i

z+i

eiz
2(z 2) dz = 2i ei/2
3
z 1/2

2
.
3

eiz
,
2z 1
eiz
2z 1 dz = 2i
z2
C

e2i
3

2
i.
3

(c) By the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Theorem 18.4,

eiz
dz
2z 2 5z + 2

= 0.

29. For f (z) = z n g(z) we have f (z) = z n g (z) + nz n1 g(z) and so

f (z )
zn g (z ) +nzn1 g (z )
g (z )
n
=
=
+ .
f (z)
g(z)
z
z n g(z)
Thus by Theorem 18.4 and (4) of Section 18.2,
g (z)
1
f (z)
C
f (z) dz = g(z) dz + n z dz = 0 + n(2i) = 2ni.
C
C

4.

30. We have
Ln(z + 1) dz |max of Ln(z + 1) on C | 2,
C

Chapter 18 Review Exercises

where 2 is the length of the line segment. Now
|Ln(z + 1)| | loge (z + 1)| + |Arg(z + 1)|.

But max Arg(z + 1) = /4 when z = i and max|z + 1| = 10 when z = 2 + i. Thus,

loge 10 +
2 = loge 10 + .
1
Ln(z + 1) dz
4
2
2