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Emergency Diesel-Generator and Asynchronous Motor

This demonstration illustrates fault and islanding of an induction motor/diesel-generator
system and demonstrates the Machine Load Flow option of the Powergui. (See Chapter 2
of the User's Guide).
G. Sybille (Hydro-Quebec)
Contents
Circuit Description
Demonstration

Circuit Description
A plant consisting of a resistive and motor load (ASM) is fed at 2400 V from a distibution 25
kV network through a 6 MVA 25/2 kV Wye-Delta transformer and from an emergency
synchronous generator/ diesel engine unit (SM). The 25 kV network is modelled by a
simple R-L equivalent source (short-circuit level 1000 MVA) and a 5 MW load. The
asynchronous motor is rated 2250 HP, 2.4 kV and the synchronous machine is rated 3.125
MVA, 2.4kV. The SM excitation is performed by the standard excitation block provided in
the machine library. The diesel engine and governor system are modelled by a Simulink
block (See tutorial, session 7 in the User`s Guide). Initially, the motor develops a
mechanical power of 2000 HP (1.49 MW) and the diesel generator is in standby, providing
no active power.The synchronous machine excitation system controls the 2400 V bus B2
voltage at 1 pu. At t = 0.1 s, a three-phase to ground fault occurs on the 25 kV system,

voltage at 1 pu. At t = 0.1 s, a three-phase to ground fault occurs on the 25 kV system,

causing opening of the 25kV circuit breaker at t = 0.2 s.
The demonstration illustrates the mechanical and electrical transients following the fault
and islanding of the Motor/Generator system.
Demonstration
1. Start Simulation. If the SM and ASM initial conditions are not properly set, you observe
that the voltage and currents Machine do not start in steady state. Stop the simulation.
2. In order to start the simulation in steady-state, you must initialize the synchronous
machine and the asynchronous motor for the desired load flow. Open the Powergui and
select "Load Flow & Machine initialization" . The machine "Bus type" should be already
initialized as "PV generator", indicating that the load flow will be performed with the
machine controlling its active power and terminal voltage. Specify the desired values by
entering the following parameters:
Load Flow : U AB (Vrms) = 2400 , P (Watts) = 0. Specify also the ASM mechanical
power by entering Pmec (Watts) = 2000*746.
Then press the "Execute Load Flow" button.
Once the load flow is solved, the three line-to-line machine voltages and the three machine
currents are updated. The SM reactive power, mechanical power and field voltage are
displayed: Q = 856 kvar; Pmec = 844 W (power required by resistive losses in stator
winding ); field voltage Ef = 1.4273 pu; the active and reactive powers absorbed by the
motor, slip and torque are also displayed.
3. The diesel engine governor and SM excitation system contain integrators and transfer
functions which have also been initialized by the load flow. Open the GOVERNOR block in
the Diesel Engine subsystem. Note that the initial mechanical power has been
automatically set to 0.00027 pu (844 W). Now open the EXCITATION block. Notice in the
last line of the block menu, that the initial terminal voltage Vt0 and field voltage Vf0 have
been set respectively to 1.0 and 1.4273 pu.The value of the constant block connnected to
the torque input of the asynchronous motor has also been automatically set to 7964 N.
4. Open the SM and ASM scopes displaying the synchronous machine and asynchronous
machine signals. Start the simulation. Observe that during the fault the terminal voltage
drops to about 0.2 pu and the excitation voltage hits the limit of 6 pu. After fault clearing
and islanding the SM mechanical power increases from its initial value of 0 pu to the final
value of 0.80 pu required by the resistive and motor load (2.49 MW). After 3 seconds, the
terminal voltage stabilizes at 1 pu. The motor speed decreases transiently from 1789 rpm to
1635 rpm, then it recovers close to its normal value after 2 seconds.
If you increase the fault duration to 12 cycles by changing the breaker opening time to 0.3
s, you will notice that the system collapses. The ASM speed slows down to zero after 2
seconds.
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Published with MATLAB 7.8
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