Urban Renewal Presentation

URBAN RENEWAL
Urban Decay & Urban Revitalization

ARCH 162 Group Report
Prof. MV Tomeldan
Axalan, Dave Anderson | Co, Keren Maxine
Presentation Outline
Urban Decay
Definition
Causes
Effects
Case Studies
Urban Revitalization/Renewal
Definition
Implementation
Effects
Case Studies
Urban Decay
Also urban blight
Decay and deterioration of an urban area
due to neglect or age (Collins English
Dictionary)
Regression
of
an
urbanized
areas
functional condition (employment rate,
population, income-generating capacity)
Causes of Urban Decay

Development of urban areas nearby
o
o
More opportunities in the neighboring urban areas

Competition
Deindustrialization
Decline in importance of manufacturing industry
in the economy (Collins English Dictionary)
o Unemployment
o Economic problems
o
Causes of Urban Decay

Wars
o
o
Very slow recuperation

No funds for rehabilitation
Natural disasters
Poor urban planning
o
Pedestrian and vehicular navigation (Traffic)
o Inadequate zoning
o Waste of land resource
Effects of Urban Decay
Higher unemployment rate

Rising poverty
Increased crime rate
Abandoned buildings
o
o
Mainly due to businesses closing down and emigration

Eventually become home to informal settlers and for
criminal activity
Case Study - Detroit, Michigan, USA

Before the 1930s, Detroit first housed
industries such as tobacco, medicine, and
food production.
1930s: Boom of its automobile industry
1950s: Highest population record of over
1.8 million
1960: Highest per-capita income in the
United States

December 2000 - December 2010:
Began to experience regression in its
automobile industry
Population decline
December 2013: Filed for bankruptcy
One of the largest bankruptcies in the
history of the United States
Waiting Room, Michigan Central RR Depot

Before and After
http://www.messynessychic.com/2012/08/12/ruins-of-detroit-before-after/
Great Hall, Michigan Central RR Depot

Before and After
Stage, Vanity Ballroom, 1024 Newport

Before and After
Farwell Building, 1249 Griswold St.

Before and After
Fisher Body 21 Plant

http://www.weather.com/travel/news/eerie-before-after-images-urban-decay-detroit
Abandoned Packard Motors Plant

United Artists Theater


December
2014:
Successfully
exited
bankruptcy
Commercial establishments such as theaters
and stadiums are now being revitalized.
Some areas are now in the process of
redevelopment, while some areas remain
completely abandoned.
Cleveland Intermediate School

Before and After
http://www.buzzfeed.com/mjs538/pictures-showing-the-restoration-of-detroit#.ihqx706Rp
Seville Apartments
Before and After
Kendrick Manufacturing Co.

Before and After
The Book-Cadillac Hotel Dining Room

Before and After
Hotel Fort Shelby Ballroom

Before and After
Case Study - Birmingham, Alabama, USA

From being called The Magic City to
Tragic City
Mining and steel manufacturing
Commercial industries such as banking,
telecommunication, medical care, etc.
Houses Fortune 500 and Fortune 1000
company headquarters

Urban blight has been around since the
1990s
2008: Spent $750,000 just tearing down
blighted residential structures
2010: Population decline
2011: Failing schools
2011: Crimes

Land ownership processing (for abandoned
properties) would take at least 6 years.
Poverty
Dilapidated and/or abandoned structures
Blight is projected to worsen until the year
2030.
Abandoned house
http://weldbham.com/blog/2014/06/04/birminghams-fight-against-blight/
Abandoned Muscoda Mines

http://leftbirmingham.blogspot.com/2013/01/muscoda.html
Abandoned Metrocare Health Building

http://leftbirmingham.blogspot.com/2012/07/metrocare.html

Despite the blight, the medical industry
within Birmingham is performing quite well.
Traffic within neighboring urbanized areas
might drive out some residents and cause
them to move to Birmingham.
Urban Renewal
Also Urban Revitalization
Process of redeveloping dilapidated or no
longer functional urban areas. (Collins
English Dictionary)
Process of making cities and neighborhoods
more competent to present day needs and
circumstances
Implementing Urban Renewal

Resolve the issues concerning incomegenerating capacity, unemployment rate,
population fluctuation, and crime rate
Might include: relocation of businesses,
relocation of people, and the use of
eminent domain

Investments could be drawn up, increasing
the income-generating capacity of the area
Generation of funds for further public
works, and at the same time ensuring job
opportunities

Improvements would need people to use or
utilize them
Different public and private establishments
would help drawing the wanted population
in
Needs would be met and would be easily
available

Construction of new highways and railways
Improvement of basic utilities to better
service the users and at the same time to
lessen any negative environmental impacts
Effects of Urban Renewal

Improved living conditions
Economic benefits
Improved safety and surveillance
Decrease in the number of substandard
living conditions or slums within the area
Employment opportunities
Gentrification
Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Cheonggyecheon is a public recreation
space in downtown Seoul
Between 2003 and 2005, the elevated
highway above the river was demolished to
improve the citys environmental and
aesthetic conditions.
Cheonggyecheon Site Plan

http://landscapeperformance.org/sites/default/files/styles/lightbox/public/Cheonggyecheon-Site%20Plan.jpg?itok=cDUcNFZw

Elevated walkway was first constructed as a
response to too much pollution and flooding
Structural flaws were detected which made
the elevated structure unsafe
The local government decided to focus its
efforts on recovering the flow of the river
and encouraging biodiversity in the area
Sanitation Problem
http://worldcongress2006.iclei.org/uploads/media/K_LEEInKeun_Seoul_-_River_Project.pdf
Covering Work (1958-1977)


The urban renewal project focused on
uncovering the stream which flows along
the area
It received great criticism at first, but later
became a modern public recreation space
visited by many

Project Summary:
Location: Cheonggyecheon stream, Seoul,
South Korea
Length: 5.8 km
Cost: US $280million
Dates: 2000-2005
Before and After

http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/cheonggyecheon_elevated_expressway.jpg
http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/cgc-after.jpg
Before and After

http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/img/original/seoul_cheonggye_cheon_restoration_project.jpg

Decline of old CBD
o
o
o
CBD redevelopment stopped where the Cheonggye

Expressway started
Business headquarters moved to Gangnam (new
sub-center)
Industries in CBD lost competitiveness

Safety Problem
o
o
Only small cars were allowed from 1997

Maintenance cost soared: US$50M (94-99)
Structural Problem

Local cultural and historical sites were
restored
Center for business and finance was
encouraged
The project became a link in the
development between north and south
Seoul

The project was initiated on July 2003, with
a plan to remove the elevated highway and
expose the stream beneath;
Restore history and culture of the region;
Revitalize the economy; and
Pedestrianization of the area
Covered Structure and

Highway:
5.4 km
Waste:
Concrete and Asphalt
872,400ton (96%
recycled)
Demolition
Design Criteria:
- Minimize flow
resistance
- Create as cultural
places; artistic
landmark
Number of bridges: 22
International concept
design competition
Bridge Design
Concepts:
New green belt with waterfront: West to East

Gradual transformation from urban landscape to natural environment
Create ecological biotop and environment
Thematic places: waterfall and fountains
Landscape Design

Zone 1: History
Underground waterways redirected to create a
new stream bed with landscaped banks;
former bridges used as decorative elements;
seating to encourage the public to use the
space.
Zone 1: History
http://ecrr.org/Portals/27/Cheonggyecheon%20case%20study.pdf

Zone 2: Urban and Culture
Created a park in the centre of the city with
recreation areas, waterfront decks and
stepping
stones;
designed
using
environmentally friendly materials, with
artwork and maps on walls along the river
corridor.
Zone 2: Urban and Culture


Zone 3: Nature in the middle of the city
Designed to look natural and overgrown;
sections of the pier and overpass left as
industrial mementoes; wetland designated as
an ecological conservation area.
Zone 3: Nature in the Middle of the City

Stage 1: Scaffolding (July 2003)

Stage 2: Highway Demolition (August 2003)

Stage 3: Covered Road Demolition (January 2004)

Stage 4: Sewer, Road, and Bridge Construction (September 2004)

Stage 5: Landscaping for the Recovered Area (May 2005)

Test Running and Final Touch (June-September 2005)

Grand Opening (1 October 2005)


Changes due to project monitored
o from January 2003 to March 2006
o before, during and after the project
Monitoring Areas
o
o
o
o
o
o
Land Use
CBD Industry
Environment
Ecology
Traffic
Real Estate Changes
Fishes:
From 3 to 14 Species
Birds:
18 Species
Insects:
From 7 to 41 Species
Ecology

The river became a great venue for
biodiversity
Cultural activities are being revived
Cycling and walking was promoted within
the city
Vehicular traffic was improved; bus only
lane and improved subway system
Case Study - Fjord City, Oslo

An urban renewal
waterfront part of
redevelopment was
continuing to 2010 with
the ports of Oslo
project for the

Oslo, the first
started in 1980
the development of
Fjord City, Oslo

https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3858/14659974720_e1c0484e6f_z.jpg
Case Study - Fjord City, Oslo

The project included the construction and
renewal of residential and commercial
areas, transportation hubs, and cultural
centers
The Thief Hotel

http://edgeretreats.com/travel-articles/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/the_thief_oslo2.jpg
Oslo Opera House

http://d1fy7ceoqli51q.cloudfront.net/ImageVaultFiles/id_2828/cf_13/opera_norway_740.JPG

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URBAN RENEWAL

Urban Decay & Urban Revitalization

Causes of Urban Decay

More opportunities in the neighboring urban areas

Causes of Urban Decay

Very slow recuperation

Pedestrian and vehicular navigation (Traffic)

Effects of Urban Decay

Higher unemployment rate

Mainly due to businesses closing down and emigration

Case Study - Detroit, Michigan, USA

Case Study - Detroit, Michigan, USA

Waiting Room, Michigan Central RR Depot

Great Hall, Michigan Central RR Depot

Stage, Vanity Ballroom, 1024 Newport

Farwell Building, 1249 Griswold St.

Fisher Body 21 Plant

Abandoned Packard Motors Plant

United Artists Theater

Case Study - Detroit, Michigan, USA

Cleveland Intermediate School

Kendrick Manufacturing Co.

The Book-Cadillac Hotel Dining Room

Hotel Fort Shelby Ballroom

Case Study - Birmingham, Alabama, USA

Case Study - Birmingham, Alabama, USA

Case Study - Birmingham, Alabama, USA

Abandoned Muscoda Mines

Abandoned Metrocare Health Building

Case Study - Birmingham, Alabama, USA

Implementing Urban Renewal

Implementing Urban Renewal

Implementing Urban Renewal

Implementing Urban Renewal

Effects of Urban Renewal

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Cheonggyecheon Site Plan

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Covering Work (1958-1977)

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Before and After

Before and After

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

CBD redevelopment stopped where the Cheonggye

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Only small cars were allowed from 1997

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Covered Structure and

New green belt with waterfront: West to East

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Zone 2: Urban and Culture

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul

Zone 3: Nature in the Middle of the City

Stage 1: Scaffolding (July 2003)

Stage 2: Highway Demolition (August 2003)

Stage 3: Covered Road Demolition (January 2004)

Stage 4: Sewer, Road, and Bridge Construction (September 2004)

Stage 5: Landscaping for the Recovered Area (May 2005)

Test Running and Final Touch (June-September 2005)

Grand Opening (1 October 2005)

Case Study - Cheonggyecheon, Seoul