Skyler Fraga

Mr. Carlin
APUSH
Chapter 33
1. Eleanor Roosevelt: FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights
and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for
working women
2. Harry Hopkins and the Works Progress Administration: Harry Hopkins was a New York social
worker who headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Civil Works
Administration. He helped grant over 3 billion dollars to the states wages for work projects, and
granted thousands of jobs for jobless Americans. The Works Progress Administration was a New
Deal program that provided relief to the unemployed in fields such as theater, literature,
entertainment, and art. One of the largest "alphabet" agencies.
3. Frances Perkins: U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever
appointed to the cabinet. She took much flak from her contemporaries.
4. Harold Ickes and the Public Works Administration: Harold Ickes was the head of PWA. The
PWA was an administration that allotted money to state and local governments for building
roads, bridges, dams, other public works, thousands of jobs
5. Father Coughlin: the Catholic priest from Michigan whose anti-New Deal harangues in the
1930's became so anti- Sematic, fascist, and demagogic that he was silenced by his superiors
6. Huey Long: Nickname "Kingfish"; Senator of Louisiana. He pushed his "Share Our Wealth"
program, which would make "Every Man a King". Long planned to run against FDR in the 1936
elections, but he was assassinated.
7. John L. Lewis and the Congress of Industrial Organization: John L. Lewis of the United Mine
workers, and Sidney Hillman of the Amalgamated clothing workers established this in 1935. This
2 million-member group welcomed all autoworkers, steelworkers and electrical workers.
8. Alfred M. Landon: Republican who carried only two states in a futile campaign against "The
Champ" (FDR) in 1936
9. New Deal: Roosevelt's program for relief, recovery, and reform that created modern welfare
state
10. Hundred Days: The special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal
programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days.
11. Brain Trust: Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential candidacy
continued to aid him after he entered the White House. A newspaperman once described the
group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." They were more influential than the Cabinet.

12. 3 Rs: by FDR; a plan to bring about the recovery of the United States from the effects of
the Great Depression: Relief-relieve the suffering of those hit by the depression, Recovery- help
the economy recover, and Reform-reforms areas that caused the depression
13. Glass-Steagall Act: This act forbade commercial banks from engaging in excessive
speculation, added $1 billion in gold to economy and established the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC).
14. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): 1933. This unemployment relief act hired young men
for reforestation programs, firefighting, flood control, spawn drainage, etc.
15. National Recovery Act (NRA/Blue Eagle): This act authorized the President of the United
States to regulate industry and permit cartels and monopolies in an attempt to stimulate economic
recovery, and established a national public works program.
16. Schechter Case: Supreme Court ruling of 1935 that struck down a major New Deal industryand labor agency
17. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): Protected farmers from price drops by providing crop
subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil
erosion.
18. Dust Bowl: The drought-stricken plains areas from which hundreds of thousands of "Okies"
were driven during the Great Depression
19. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): An independent agency of the government that
regulates financial markets and investment companies
20. George Norris and the Tennessee Valley Authority: Norris sponsored the Tennessee Valley
Authority Act of 1933. In appreciation, the TVA Norris Dam and a new planned city in
Tennessee were named after him. Norris was also the prime Senate mover behind the Rural
Electrification Act that brought electrical service to under-served and unserved rural areas across
the United States. The TVA built a hydroelectric network that supplied cheap power while also
developing a flood-control system, recreational facilities, and soil conservation program. First
federal business to compete with private enterprises.
21. Federal Housing Authority (FHA): Agency that stimulated the housing industry by granting
loans to home owners.
22. Social Security Act: The greatest victory for New Dealers; created pension and insurance for
the old-aged, the blind, the physically handicapped, delinquent children, and other dependents by
taxing employees and employers
23. Wagner Act: Created National Labor Relations board for administrative purposes &
reasserted rights to unionize & bargain through reps.
24. National Labor Relations Board: An independent agency of the United States government
charged with mediating disputes between management and labor unions.

25. Court-Packing Plan: Roosevelt's proposal in 1937 to "reform" the Supreme Court by
appointing an additional justice for every justice over age of 70; following the Court's actions in
striking down major New Deal laws, FDR came to believe that some justices were out of touch
with the nation's needs. Congress believed Roosevelt's proposal endangered the Court's
independence and said no.
26. Keynesian Economics: Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that
government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.
27. Twenty-first Amendment: repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition. It was ratified on December 5, 1933.