Electrical Networking, Short Circuit Calculation, Discrimination

Lionel Ng, LPBS - Low Voltage Products
Welcome To ABB
Technical Sharing Session
ABB Group
September 24, 2013 | Slide 1
MV & LV Transformer Substations

Theory & Short Circuit Calculation
ABB Group
Contents
General information on MV/LV transformer substations

Calculation of short-circuit currents
Choice of protection and control devices
Example of study of a MV/LV network
General Information
MV/LV Transformer Substations
The electrical substations can be divided into
public substations
belong to the electricity utility
supply private users in AC single-phase or three-phase current
(230V and 400V)
urban type in bricks
rural type installed externally directly on the MV pylon
private substations
belong to the user
civil users (schools, hospitals, etc.) and industrial users
are mostly located in the same rooms of the factory
General Information
Typical structure of a substation
where the switching apparatus of
the utility is installed.
where the measuring units
are located
contains the transformer and
the MV and LV switching
apparatus
General Information
Most common management methods
Substation with a single transformer
General Information
It is possible to use the

Emax with a wire interlock
(mechanical interlock)
between two CBs
Substation with two transformers

(one as a spare for the other)
General Information
two transformers which operate

in parallel on the same busbar
General Information
It is possible to use the

Emax with a wire interlock
(mechanical interlock)
between three CBs
two transformers which operate simultaneously on

two separate half-busbars
General Information
MV/LV transformers
is the most important part of the transformer substation
single transformer for low powers (up to 630kVA - 800kVA)
several units in parallel for higher powers (1000kVA - 2500kVA)
type of cooling system
air
oil
most used
AN cooling with natural air circulation
ONAN cooling with natural oil and air circulation types
General Information
MV/LV transformers
ONAN transformer containing more than 500 kg of oil (> 800kVA)
General Information
MV/LV transformers
one single trafo or two trafos in parallel?
750M
VA
1600kVA
6%
800kVA
4%
400V
750M
VA
800kVA
4%
400V
37 kA
55kA
General Information
Management philosophy for the protections
L1 trip
ensured service continuity
General Information
ILV1 and CLV trip
power supply is maintained to the half-busbar
trip
trip
General Information
IMV1 and ILV1 trip to isolate the trafo affected by the fault
ensured service continuity
a logic for the disconnection of non-priority loads should be
foreseen
General Information
IMV1 trip, ILV1 trip for pulling
service continuity of the whole plant
a logic for the disconnection of non-priority loads should be
foreseen
General Information
LV protection devices
L function protection against
overload
General Information
S function protection against

delayed short-circuit
General Information
I function protection
against instantaneous
short-circuit
General Information
G function protection
against earth-fault

Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
IEC 60909-0 (CEI 11-25)
Short-circuit:
Accidental or intentional conductive path between two or more
conductive parts forcing the electric potential differences between
these conductive parts to be equal or close to zero
Short-circuit current:
Overcurrent resulting from a short-circuit in an electric system

Main components involved in a short-circuit calculation
Distribution networks
Generators
Transformers
Asynchronous motors
Cables
Each component of the network is replaced by its

relevant impedance
Zknet
ZcMV
ZTR
ZcLV

The equivalent network is solved according to standard
electrotechnical rules (circuits in series / in parallel)
Zkne
ZcM
ZT
ZcLV
Un
Ik
Un
3 Z knet Z cMV Z TR Z cLV
Ik

Distribution network
it is necessary to know the network short-circuit power
from 250MVA to 500MVA Un 30kV
from 700MVA to 1500MVA Un > 30kV
according to IEC 60076-5
Z knet
Un2
Sknet
Un
3 Iknet

Generators
it is necessary to know
rated apparent power Sn
rated voltage Un
subtransient reactance xd
from 10% to 20% smooth rotor (isotropic machines)
from 15% to 30% salient pole rotor (anisotropic machines)
"
2
x
U
X "d d n
100 Sn

Transformer
it is necessary to know
rated apparent power Sn

primary rated voltage voltage U1n
secondary rated voltage U2n
short-circuit voltage uk% from 4% to 8%
according to IEC 60076-5
Z TR
uk % U22n
100 Sn

Asynchronous motors
In case of short-circuit it functions as a
generator with a xd from 20% to 25%
a current equal to 4-6 times the In can be
assumed as contribution to the short-circuit
the minimum criteria for taking into
consideration the phenomenon
(Ik shortcircuit without motor contribution)

Example
Sk = 500 MVA
UMV= 20 kV
ZcMV = 0.01
Sn = 400 kVA
U= 20/0.4 kV
uk% = 4 %
ZcLV = 0.06

Example
U
Z u20kV
U2
20 103
0.8
Sk
500 106
400
Z u400V Z u20kV
200002
3.2 104
Sk = 500
MVA
UMV= 20 kV
Zu = 0.32
m

Example
U
Zu = 0.32 m
2
400
Z cMV 400V Z cMV 20kV
200002
4 106
ZcMV = 0.01
ZcMV = 410-3 m

Example
U
Zu = 0.32 m
2
400 0.016
uk % UnLV
4
ZT
100 Sn
100 400 103
2
ZcMV = 410-3 m
Sn = 400 kVA
U= 20/0.4 kV
uk% = 4 %
ZT = 0.016

Example
U
Zu = 0.32 m
ZcMV = 410-3 m
ZT = 16 m
ZcLV = 0.61
m
ZcLV = 0.61 m

Example
Sk = 500
MVA
UMV= 20 kV
Zu = 0.32 m
ZcMV = 410-3 m
Ik
Ik
Un
3 Z u Z cMV Z T
Un
ZT = 16 m
14.1kA
3 Z u Z cMV Z T Z cLV
ZcLV = 0.61 m
13.6kA
Un = 400 V
MV & LV Transformer Substations

General Information about Circuit
Breakers
ABB Group

IEC Standard Definition of Circuit Breakers
Definitions
Circuit-breaker: a mechanical switching device capable of making,

carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and
also making, carrying for a specified time, and breaking currents
under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of
overload or short-circuit (IEC 60947-1 def. 2.2.11)

Definitions
Moulded case CB: a circuit-breaker having a supporting

housing of moulding insulating material forming an
integral part of the circuit-breaker (Isomax / Tmax /
Formula)
Air CB: a circuit-breaker in which the contacts open and

close in air at atmospheric pressure (Emax)

Definitions
Current-limiting circuit-breaker: a circuit-breaker with a

break-time short enough to prevent the short-circuit
current reaching its peak value (IEC 60947-2 def. 2.3)

Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers
I
Prospective
peak value
Limited
peak
value
t
Specific let-through
energy (I2t)
Prospective shortcircuit current

Limited short-circuit
current

Ip
Limited
peak
value
Specific let-through
energy
Icc
Prospecti
ve peak
value
Prospective shortcircuit current
I2t
Limited shortcircuit current
Icc
go

Curva di limitazione
Ip
1E5kA
T2L160 In160 A
1E4kA
40 kA
1E3kA
Prospective
peak value
84 kA
100kA
16 kA
10kA
Limited peak
value
1kA
1E-2kA
0.1kA
1kA
Irms
10kA
40 kA

Selection of Protective Devices
Generalities about the main electrical parameters
Rated operational voltage Ue: the value of voltage which
determines the application and to which all the other
parameters are referred to
Rated uninterrupted current Iu: the value of current which the
device is able to carry for an indefinite time. It defines the size
of the CB
Rated current In: the value of current which characterizes the
protection release installed. Is often related to the rated
current of the load protected

Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu: it is the
r.m.s. value of the symmetrical component of the short-circuit
current which the circuit-breaker is able to break (test cycle Ot-CO)
Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity Ics: it is the r.m.s.
value of the symmetrical component of the shortcircuit current
which the circuit-breaker is able to break (O-t-CO-t-CO)
T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320
Icu

Ultimate Short-Circuit Breaking Capacity (Icu):
breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions
according to a specified test sequence do not include
the capability of the CB to carry its rated current
continuously
- test sequence: O - 3 min - CO

- dielectric withstand at 2 x Ue
- verification of overload release at 2.5 x I1

Service Short-Circuit Breaking Capacity (ICS):
breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions
according to a specified test sequence include the
capability of the CB to carry its rated current continuously
- test sequence: O - 3 min - CO - 3 min CO
(25%-50%-75%-100% of Icu)
- operational performance capability: (5% of Noperating cycle

for operational performance capability- table 8 60947-2)
- dielectric withstand at 2 x Ue
- verification of temperature rise at Iu (the temperature doesnt
exceed the limits of table 7 60947-2)
- verification of overload release at 1.45 x I1

Rated short-circuit making capacity Icm: it is the maximum
prospective peak current which the circuit-breaker must be
able to make
Icm=n x Icu
T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320
Icu 36kA Icm 75.6 kA @415V

Rated short-time withstand current Icw: it is the r.m.s. value of
the alternate current component which the circuit-breaker is
able to withstand without damages for a determined time,
preferred values being 1s and 3 s
Defined for category B only


Dont forget
Ue Un
Icu or Ics Ik
Icm Ip
Ue, Icu, Ics, Icm?

Protection of feeders
against overload
Ib In or I1 Iz
against short-circuit
I2t k2S2
In
Iz S
Ib



Protection of generators
Ingen I1
I3 or I2 2.5-4 x Ingen

Protection of transformers
InT I1
Upstream CB
I3 or I2 Iinrush

Example of an MV/LV Network
20kV
Steps
determining the short-circuit
currents
choosing the CB
setting of the MV overcurrent
protection
setting of the LV overcurrent
protection
400V

20kV
400V

20kV
400V
Low voltage selectivity

with ABB circuit breakers
Selectivity definitions and Standards
ABB Group
Agenda
Low voltage selectivity with ABB circuit breakers
Definitions and Standards
Selectivity techniques
Back-up protection
Introduction
What is selectivity?
Selectivity (or discrimination)
A is the supply side circuit

breaker (or upstream)
is a type of coordination of two or

more protective devices in series.
Selectivity is done between
one circuit breaker on the supply side
and one circuit breaker, or more than
one, on the load side.
B and C are the load side circuit

breakers (or downstream)
Introduction
Protection system philosophy
Reduce the stress and prevent damage
Minimize the area and the duration of

power loss
DAMAGE REDUCTION
Better selectivity
FAULT
CONTINUITY OF SERVICE
Fast fault elimination
Main purposes of coordination

Selectivity purpose
Selective coordination among devices
is fundamental for economical and technical reasons
It is studied in order to:
rapidly identify the area involved in the problem;
bound the effects of a fault by excluding just the affected zone of the
network;
preserve the continuity of service and good power quality to the sound
parts of the network;
provide a quick and precise identification of the fault to the personnel in

charge of maintenance or to management system, in order to restore
the service as rapidly as possible;
achieve a valid compromise between reliability, simplicity and cost

effectiveness.
Standards definition
Selectivity
The definition of selectivity
IEC 60947-1 Standard: Low voltage equipment

Part 1: General rules for low voltage equipment
IEC 60947-1
def. 2.5.23
Trip selectivity (for overcurrent) is a coordination between the

operating characteristics of two or more overcurrent protection
devices, so that, when an overcurrent within established limits
occurs, the device destined to operate within those limits trips
whereas the others do not trip
Overcurrent selectivity
Example
In occurrence of a fault
(an overload or a short circuit)
if selectivity is provided
only the downstream circuit
breaker opens.
Overcurrent selectivity
Example
In occurrence of a fault
(an overload or a short circuit)
if selectivity is not provided
both the upstream and the
downstream circuit breakers
could open
All the system is out of service!
Partial and total selectivity
IEC 60947-2
def. 2.17.2 - 2.17.3
A and B connected in series:

partial selectivity and total selectivity.
Partial selectivity
Partial selectivity is an overcurrent selectivity where, in the
presence of two protection devices against overcurrent in series,
the load side protection device carries out the protection up to a
given level of overcurrent, without making the other device trip.
Is is the ultimate
selectivity
value!
B opens only according to fault current

lower than a certain current value;
values equal or greater than Is
will give the trip of both A and B.
Is = ImA
Total selectivity
Total selectivity is an overcurrent selectivity where, in the
presence of two protection devices against overcurrent in series,
the load side protection device carries out the protection without
making the other device trip.
Only B trips for every current value

lower or equal to the maximum
short-circuit current.
Is = Ik
Partial and total selectivity
Upstream circuit breaker A
T4N 250 PR221DS In = 250 (Icu = 36kA)

Downstream circuit breaker B
S 294 C100 (Icu = 15kA)
Selectivity analysis
Time-current curves
Overload zone
Thermal protection
L protection
Time-current selectivity
Short-circuit zone
Magnetic protection
S, D, I and EF protections
Current, time, energy, zone,

directional, zone directional selectivity
Selectivity analysis
Real currents
Real currents circulating through the circuit breakers
I>
I>
IA = IB
tA
I>
I>
I>
I>
I>
I>
I>
IA = (IB + Iloads) / 2
IA = IB + Iloads
tA
tB
I>
I>
tA
tB
tB
IA=IB
IB IA
IA
IB
Agenda
ABB Group, BU Breakers and Switches

Back-up protection
Introduction
Current selectivity
Time selectivity
Energy selectivity
Zone (logical) selectivity

Current selectivity
Base concept
Current selectivity: closer to the power supply

the fault point is, higher the fault current is
3kA
In order to guarantee selectivity,

the protections must be set to different
values of current thresholds
1kA
tA
The ultimate selectivity value

is equal to the instantaneous trip threshold
of the upstream protection device
Other methods are needed to have a total

selectivity
tA
A
Ultimate
selectivity
value
tB
ImB
ImA
Current selectivity
Example
Circuit breaker A will be set to a value which does not
trip for faults which occur on the load side of B.
(I3Amin >1kA)
Circuit breaker B will be set to trip for faults which
occur on its load side (I3Bmax < 1kA)
104s
Is
103s
Is = I3Amin
102s
10s
Here the selectivity is a total selectivity,

because it is guaranteed up to the maximum
value of the short-circuit current, 1kA.
1s
B
10-1s
10-2s
0.1kA
1kA
3kA
10kA
Current selectivity
Plus and minus
Plus
Easy to be realized
Economic
Instantaneous
CURRENT SELECTIVITY
Minus
Selectivity is often only partial
Current thresholds rise very quickly
Time selectivity
Base concept
Time selectivity is based on a trip delay of the upstream

circuit breaker, so to let to the downstream protection the
time suitable to trip
Setting strategy:
progressively increase the
trip delays getting closer to
the power supply source
On the supply side

the S function is required
Time selectivity
Example
A will be set with the current threshold I2
adjusted so as not to create trip overlapping
and with a trip time t2 adjusted so that
B always clears the fault before A
B will be set with an instantaneous trip

against short-circuit
I
k
104s
Is
The ultimate selectivity value is:
103s
102s
10s
1s
I2
t2
10-1s
10-2s
0.1kA
1kA
10kA
100kA
Is = IcwA
(if function I = OFF)
Is = I3minA
(if function I = ON)
Time selectivity
Example
Which is the problem of time selectivity?
In the case of fault occurring at the busbars,

circuit breaker A takes a delayed trip time t2
I
k
The network must withstand high values of

let-through energy!
104s
103s
102s
10s
If there are many hierarchical levels, the

progressive delays could be significant!
1s
t2
10-1s
10-2s
0.1kA
1kA
10kA
100kA
Time selectivity
Plus and minus
Plus
Economic solution
Easy to be realized
TIME SELECTIVITY
Minus
Quick rise of setting levels
High values of let-through energy
Energy selectivity
Base concept
Energy selectivity is based on the currentlimiting characteristics of some circuit breakers
104s
103s
A
102s
10s
1s
B
10-1s
10-2s
0.1kA
1kA
The ultimate current

selectivity values
is given by the
manufacturer
(Coordination tables)
10kA
Current-limiting circuit breaker

has an extremely fast trip time,
short enough to prevent the
current from reaching its peak
Energy selectivity
Example
104s
103s
Is = 20kA
Circuit breaker A conditions:
102s
B
10s
I3=OFF
1s
S as for time selectivity
10-1s
10-2s
0.1kA
1kA
10kA
Energy selectivity
Plus and minus
PLUS
High selectivity values
Reduced tripping times
Low stress and network disturbance
ENERGY SELECTIVITY
MINUS
Increasing of circuit breakers size
Zone selectivity
Base concept
Zone selectivity is an evolution of the time

selectivity, obtained by means of a electrical
interlock between devices
locking
signal
The circuit breaker which detects a fault

communicates this to the one on the supply side,
sending a locking signal
Only the downstream circuit breaker opens,

with no need to increase the intentional time
delay
Fault
Zone 3
A Does Not Open

B Does Not Open
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone selectivity
Example
C Opens
Zone selectivity
Specifications
an external source of 24V
dedicated trip units
PR223EF for Tmax T4, T5 and T6
PR332/P for Tmax T7 and T8
PR122/P and PR123/P for Emax
PR332/P and PR333/P for X1
Is
up to 100kA for Tmax
Is
up to Icw for Emax
Zone 2
a shielded twisted pair cable
Zone 3
Zone 1
Zone selectivity needs:
It is possible to obtain zone selectivity between Tmax and Emax
Zone selectivity
Plus and minus
PLUS
Trip times reduced
Low thermal and dynamic stress
High number of hierarchical levels
Can be made between same size circuit breakers
ZONE SELECTIVITY
MINUS
Cost and complexity of the installation
Additional wiring and components
Agenda

Back-up protection
Back-up protection
What is back-up protection?
Back-up protection (or cascading)
is a type of coordination of two protective
devices in series which is done in electrical
installations where continuous operation is
not an essential requirement.
Back-up protection
excludes the use
of selectivity!!!
Back-up protection
The definition of back-up is given by the
IEC 60947-1 Standard: Low voltage equipment
Part 1: General rules for low voltage equipment
IEC 60947-1
def. 2.5.24
Back-up is a coordination of two overcurrent protective

devices in series, where the protective device on the supply
side, with or without the assistance of the other protective
device, trips first in order to prevents any excessive stress on
downstream devices.
Back-up protection
Base concept
Back-up is used by those who need

to contain the plant costs
The use of a current-limiting circuit

breaker on the supply side
permits the installation of lower performance
circuit breakers on the load side
Both the continuity of service and the selectivity are sacrificed
Back-up protection
Application example
T4L 250
Ik = 100 kA
Icu (T4L+T1N) = 100kA
T4L 250
T4L 250
T4L 250
Icu = 120kA
T1N 160
T1N 160
T1N 160
Icu = 36kA
Back-up protection tables
Back-up protection
Application example
T4L 250
A
Ik = 100kA
Icu (T4L+T1N) = 100kA
Ik = 100kA
T1N 160
T1N 160
T1N 160
General power supply

is always lost
Back-up protection
Plus and minus
Plus
Economic solution
Quick tripping times
BACK-UP PROTECTION
Minus
No selectivity
Low power quality
Example of Selectivity
~
T5H 630A
70kA
T3N 160A
36kA
Incoming = T5H 630A (70kA

rating) Outgoing = T3N 160A
(36kA rating)
Results: The co-ordination
resulted in a conditional shortcircuit of 65kA for the T3 mccb!
Iz
The discrimination is up to 20kA.
65kA
Discrimination
Back-Up
Meaning of Selectivity Value
T5H
70kA
T5H 70kA
T3N 36kA
T3N
Fault level at Y is 20kA

Y is 20kA
36kA
T5H
T3N
70kA
T5H
20kA
T3N
36kA
5kA fault
T5H
ON
T3N
Trip
T5H
70kA
T3N
36kA
5kA
T5H
5kA fault ON
10kA fault ON
T3N
Trip
Trip
T5H
70kA
T3N
36kA
10kA
T5H
5kA fault ON
10kA fault ON
20kA fault Trip
T3N
Trip
Trip
Trip
T5H
70kA
T3N
36kA
20kA
T5H
5kA fault ON
10kA fault ON
20kA fault Trip
36kA fault Trip
T3N
Trip
Trip
Trip
Trip
T5H
70kA
T3N
36kA
36kA
5kA fault
10kA fault
20kA fault
36kA fault
65kA fault
T5H
ON
ON
Trip
Trip
Trip
T3N
Trip
Trip
Trip
Trip
Trip
T5H
70kA
T3N
36kA
65kA

Selection of Protective & Control Devices
Motor co-ordination
ABB offers co-ordination tables

Selection of Protective & Control Devices
Co-ordination between CBs and switch-disconnectors
400V
T2S160
T1D160
DOC
Electrical Installation Calculation and
Dimensioning
ABB Group
Contents
Introduction
Aim of the application
Target users
Products managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ABB Software Desktop
Assistance
How to obtain the software
DOC
Introduction
ABB Group
DOC is the software for Electrical Installations Calculation

and Dimensioning
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
Draw single-line diagrams
How it works
Perform electrical calculation according to the

Standards
Choose the correct switching and protecting devices

(MV and lv devices)
Set the trip units and check for discrimination
Prepare a complete project documentation
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Target user
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
DOC is complete and precise, but smart and flexible and

can be used from everyone interested in calculating
electrical installation or part of them
Consultants
Electrical Engineers
Panel builders
Installers
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed
DOC allows and the selection of a wide range of ABB

Products
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
Medium Voltage products
How it works
Low Voltage products
Motors
Transformers
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Low Voltage Products
Air Circuit- Breakers
New Emax
Emax
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Molded Case Circuit Breakers
Tmax
Isomax
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Miniature Circuit Breakers
System PRO M
System PRO M Compact
S800
Smissline
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
RCCBs
System PRO M
System PRO M Compact
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Fuses
OFAX
OFASB
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Switch Fuses
E930
OESA
OS
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Disconnectors
New Emax MS
Emax MS
Tmax D
Isomax D
OT
OETL
E200
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Contactors
AF
EN
ESB
E250
E259
E260
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Manual Motor Starter
MS116, MS325, MS450, MS495, MS496
MO325, MO450, MO495, MO496 , MO497
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Thermal Overload
TAxxDU, ExxDU
UMC-22
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Medium Voltage Products
Circuit breaker
Secondary distribution SF6 and Vacuum up to 24kV 630A 16kA
Primary distribution SF6 and Vacuum up to 36kV 3150A 50kA
Product managed
Introduction
Circuit breaker

Target users
Product managed
REF542Plus/DK
How it works
PR521/DK
PR521/P (50-51)
PR521/P (50-51-51N)
REF542Plus
REF610
REJ525
PR512/P (50-51)
PR512/P (50-51-50N-51N)
PR512/PD
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed
Introduction

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Disconnectors
SHS2/A
SHS2/I
SHS2/IB
SHS2/IF
SHS2/N-I
Earth Disconnectors
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Switch Disconnectors
SHS2/T1
SHS2/T1M
SHS2/T2
SHS2/T2F
SHS2/T2M
SHS2/T2MF
SHS2/N-T1
SHS2/N-T1M
SHS2/N-T2
SHS2/N-T2F
SHS2/N-T2M
SHS2/N-T2MF
Product managed
Introduction
General Purpose Fuses

Target users
Product managed
CEF 7.2kV 200A
How it works
CEF 12kV 125A
CEF 17.5kV 100A
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
CEF 24kV 80A
Motor Fuses
CEM 7.2kV 315A
CEM 12kV 100A
Product managed
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Cables
Sized according to
the ABB
XLPE Cable Systems
Users Guide"
Product managed
Introduction
Other Products

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Motors
M2xxx
M3xxx
Transformers
Oil Distribution Transformers
RESIBLOC
How
DOC it works
How it Works
Features - Professional and Light Profiles
Introduction
DOC can be used with 2 different profiles
Depending on the user needs and skills it can be recommended to use

the Light Profile which hides the advanced and complex features
DOC Light is for ...

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
... first time, unskilled DOC users
... installers panel builders

who need a simple tool to draw
and verify small networks
DOC Professional is for ...
... skilled DOC users
... customers working on industrial

applications
... engineering companies

OEMs looking for a powerful
calculation and design tool
Features - Single line diagram drawing
Introduction
Different layout available:

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Blank Page
More flexible
Allows representing rings and meshes
Main project data available beside the objects
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Column Page
Faster and easier drawing
Main project data available in the grid
Introduction
Different ways to draw the symbols:

Target users
Product managed
By Single Objects
More flexible
Allows representing rings and meshes
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
By Macros
Faster and easier drawing
Note: it is possible to use Single Objects

and Macros independently from the layout
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
When using the Column layout, Objects are numbered by Page &
Column
All the object in the same feeder have the same number
I.e: Page =1, Column=3 leads to QF1.3+ WC1.3 +L1.3
Introduction
It is possible to draw one scheme on more than one page
Use the Add Sheet and Change layout commands to prepare new empty
pages
Use the Cross References to connect two objects
Use the Previous/Next Sheet commands to turn the pages

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Features - Plant General Properties Window
This window is shown when starting a new project. Set all the options
carefully to spare time when drawing and calculating the electrical
installation
Main options:
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Power supply definition

Voltage level
Default distribution system
Default number of phases
Method for SC calculations
Method for cable sizing
Options for addressing the device
selection
Features - Suggested Workflow
A toolbar on the right side of the working area suggests the preferred
way to develop a project with DOC
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
MV diagram drawing
LV diagram drawing
Calculation and automatic project dimensioning
Protection and discrimination verification thru the curves
Auxiliaries scheme drawing
Switchboard configuration
Printouts
Features - MV Diagram Drawing
The Medium Voltage section of the project can be drawn by the Macros
of the typical units of the Unimix switchboard or by Objects for more
flexibility
To pass to the Low Voltage section it is necessary to use the

transformers (when a low voltage section is not needed, the drawing
can be completed with MV Loads or Motors)
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Features - Lv Diagram Drawing
The Low Voltage section of the project can be drawn by the Macros or
by Objects for more flexibility
The Macros available represents the most common Objects

combinations; not available combinations can be realized using the
Objects
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Power Supply
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
1 Macro = 1 Feeder = Many

single objects
I.e.: CB+Cable+Load
I.e.: Fuse+Cable+Load
Faster drawing
Switchboard Arrival
Sub-Switchboard
Interlock graphical representation
Pop-up window
Feeders
When drawing a feeder it is

possible to insert the main
Motor Coordination
data making the drawing phase faster
Features - Calculation and automatic dimensioning
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
Load-Flow
DOC can calculate the current distribution, the voltage profile

and the voltage drop profile in load condition considering:
Section with different number of phases
Features
Unbalanced loads (automatic balance is optional)
Support Tools
Transformer Voltage Regulator
Cable dimensioning
Presence of meshes
More distribution systems
How it works
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Introduction
Cable dimensioning
Given the power required by the loads and the motors, DOC is
able to size the cables in an iterative process bringing to the
section optimization and the current profile calculation
DOC implements several calculation methods

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
IEC 60364
CEI 64-8 Italian standard
VDE 298 German standard
NFC 15-100 French standard
UNE 20460 Spanish standard
IEC 60092 (for naval installation)
Introduction
Short Circuit
DOC can calculate the maximum and minimum short

circuit currents, with or without the motor contribution,
for symmetrical and non-symmetrical faults, for different
times
DOC implements several calculation methods

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
IEC 60909 LV\MV network, AC, 50-60Hz
IEC 60363 Naval
ABB SACE A Division of ABB S.p.A., MK-TO, 2009 June
NFC 15-100 French national standard
Symmetrical components method
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
Configuration Management
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
In DOC it is possible to
simulate different
scenarios for the electrical
installation defining the
open/closed position for
the switching and
protecting devices
The calculation are
performed in the worst
condition
Introduction
Devices Selection
The calculation leads to an automatic proposal for all

the devices drawn in the scheme
When more than one product is technically suitable,

DOC proposes the basic one
It is possible to change the solution proposed by DOC

and to lock the user choice thanks to the padlocks
present in all the selection windows

Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
DOC gives the possibility to perform the temperature riseassessment according to IEC 60890 in a early stage of the
installation design
Features - Curves
With DOC it is possible to manage
Introduction

Target users
Product managed
Time-current diagrams for the devices present in the scheme
Set the thermomagnetic and electronic trip units
Realize discrimination studies involving MV and LV devices
Verify the cable protection
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Time-Current curve LLL
1E4s
1E3s
100s
10s
-TM1
1s
-QF2, HD4/UniMix-R 24.06.12 P230, REF542Plus/DK

0.1s
-QF5, E4S 4000 PR121-LI 4000A
1E-2s
1E-2kA
0.1kA
1kA
10kA
100kA
Features Switchboard configuration
With DOC it is now possible to configure switchboard:
By using a Wizar configuration: three steps guide procedure to create a

switchboard.
By using a toolbar on the left side of working area:
Insert and move column, Kit and device
Tracking busbar system and temperature rise assessment
Layer management (door, panel and plate layer, show hide busbars)
Modify switchboard dimension
Smart commands (switchboard table, labels, accessories)
Features - Project documentation
Different reports sections allows the creation of a unique file

documenting the project
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
The report sections can be added/removed according to the needs
Calculation hypothesis
Features
Short circuit calculations
Support Tools
Cable Protections
MV / LV devices list and settings
How it works
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Export in MS Excel is available
The report language can be different from the current language
Support
Tools
DOC
Support Tools
ABB Software Desktop (ASD)
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
ASD is automatically installed with the first installed software
ASD functionalities:
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Allows to run the software

Manage the language
Registration
Software upgrade
Contact Software Support
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Starting on a New
Project
The Single Line Diagram
ABB Group
Registration
Visit www.bol.it.abb.com
Click on Profile Management
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Starting on a New
Project
ABB Group
Registration
Click on New User
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Starting on a New
Project
ABB Group
Registration
Click on Subscribe
Registration
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
After registering via internet ,

you will receive immediately
an e-mail with ID and PSW
to access the Upgrade
Service
Use them to check for

available Upgrades before
starting using the Software
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Upgrade DOC via internet
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Use The Automatic Upgrade

Service allows you to
maintain the software
aligned to the latest
improvements delivered
from ABB SACE them to
check for available
Upgrades before starting
using the Software
Assistance
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
How to contact us Software support

Ask the ABB SACE Software Assistance for any question you may
have regarding the software tools
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Email
Call Center
software.tools@it.abb.com
+39 035 395 570
On line
http://www.bol.it.abb.com
How to obtain the software
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Refer to the ABB Local Sales Organization for a free copy of the
software

Electrical Networking, Short Circuit Calculation, Discrimination

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Lionel Ng, LPBS - Low Voltage Products

MV & LV Transformer Substations

General information on MV/LV transformer substations

Substation with a single transformer

It is possible to use the

Substation with two transformers

two transformers which operate

It is possible to use the

two transformers which operate simultaneously on

ONAN transformer containing more than 500 kg of oil (> 800kVA)

S function protection against

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

Each component of the network is replaced by its

MV/LV Transformer Substations

3 Z knet Z cMV Z TR Z cLV

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

rated apparent power Sn

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV & LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

Circuit-breaker: a mechanical switching device capable of making,

MV/LV Transformer Substations

Moulded case CB: a circuit-breaker having a supporting

Air CB: a circuit-breaker in which the contacts open and

MV/LV Transformer Substations

Current-limiting circuit-breaker: a circuit-breaker with a

MV/LV Transformer Substations

Prospective shortcircuit current

MV/LV Transformer Substations

Prospective shortcircuit current

Limited shortcircuit current

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320

MV/LV Transformer Substations

- test sequence: O - 3 min - CO

MV/LV Transformer Substations

- operational performance capability: (5% of Noperating cycle

- verification of overload release at 1.45 x I1

MV/LV Transformer Substations

T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320

Icu 36kA Icm 75.6 kA @415V

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

Ue, Icu, Ics, Icm?

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations

MV/LV Transformer Substations