RESEARCH ON

ELT I
Lecture IV

Rida Wahyuningrum
English Department
Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Types of research fall into

four categories:
1. Applied Research
2. Basic/Pure Research
3. Obstrusive Research
4.Non-Obstrusive Research

Applied Research
The purpose of applied research is
to solve an immediate, practical
problem

Basic/Pure Research
The purpose of pure research is to
add to the existing body of
knowledge. It does not necessairily
provide results of immediate,
practical use.

Obstrusive Research
This kind of research allows the
researcher to introduce conditions
that influence participants. In this,
the researcher manipulates the
environment.

Non-Obstrusive
Research
In this kind of research, the
researcher avoids influencing
subjects in any way and tries to be
as inconspicious as possible.

FOUR MAIN TYPES OF RESEARCH

1.
2.
3.
4.

Historical Research
Descriptive Research
Correlation Research
Experimental Research

HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Describes what was mostly non-obstrusive.
It is a systematic process of searching for
information and fact to describe, analyse, or
interpret the past.
Value: providing prospective for decision
making about current problems and issues are
often better understood if we understand the
historical perspective.
Sources: having good backed sources to protect
from criticism and most common sources are
past records.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Describes what is mostly non-obstrusive.
It describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the
present, often done with surveys or by observation.
Example: developmental research is one common
type of descriptive research which involves the study
of changes in behaviour over a period of time.

CORRELATION RESEARCH
Makes comparisons, looking for trends or
tendencies.
The purpose is to find relationships between
two or more variable so:
1. to better understand the conditions and
events that we encounter what goes with
what)
2. to predict future conditions and events.
3. Correlations do not show cause and
effect.

CORRELATION RESEARCH
Coefficients of Correlation:
-Range from -1 to 1
-The farther the number is away from 0 the higher the
correlation
-A negative correlation suggest an inverse effect
-A 1 or -1 shows a perfect correlation
-A correlation of 0 indicates no relationship

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Describes what will be mostly obstrusive.
It is a research situation where at least one
independent variable, called the experimental
variable, is deliberately manipulated or varied by the
researcher.
Variable: element or characteristic
being studied
Parameter: element that remains
unchanged (age, number
of subjects)

IN SUMMARY
To sum up with, types of research
will go with the evidence of
effectiveness (low to high).They can
be summed up in a simple and brief
description as it will be shown in the
next slide.

NEXT

SOME OTHER TYPES

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Survey
Ex-post Facto
Qualitative
Quantitative
Case Study
Comparative
Correlative
Experimental (true and quasi)

STUDENTS TASK
Group Presentation II

1. Check the type of research you

are assigned for by looking into
which group you belong to.
2. Find the detailed information
about the type, which include:
a. Principles and characteristics
b. Steps to conduct the research

STUDENTS TASK
Group Presentation II

3. Write a short summary about

point 1.
4. Find a model of a research paper
that suits point 1.
5. Identify what you can see in
point 1 upon the model.
6. Create a presentation to report
what you accomplish in point 1
and point 5.

THE TOPICS
FOR
THE TASK
1.
2.
3.
4.

Group 1 : Survey and Ex-post Facto Researches

Group 2 : Qualitative and Quantitative Researches
Group 3 : Case Study and Comparative Researches
Group 4 : Correlative and Experiment (true and
quasi) Researches

Rida Wahyuningrum
English Department
Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya