CALCULUS 1

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1. Trigonometric Functions
1.1.Revision of Trigonometric
Functions--------------------------------------------------------------1.1.1.
circle
1.1.2.
and Radians
1.1.3.
Triangles
1.1.4.
Angles
1.1.5.
Trigonometric Functions
1.1.6.
Trigonometric Equations
1.2.Reciprocal Trigonometric
Functions---------------------------------------------------------------1.2.1.
cosecant function
1.2.2.
secant function
1.2.3.
cotangent function
1.3.Trigonometric
Formulae------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.3.1.
tric identities
1.3.2.
d angle formulae
1.3.3.
angle formulae
1.4.Inverse Trigonometric
Functions-------------------------------------------------------------------1.4.1.
and inverse sine functions
1.4.2.
cosine and inverse cosine functions
1.4.3.
tangent and inverse tangent functions
1.5.Implied domain and
range---------------------------------------------------------------------------1.5.1.
e functions
1.5.2.
domain and range involving inverse trigonometric functions

010
011
The unit
013
Degrees
017
Standard
018
Negative
021
Graphs of
029
Solving
033
037
The
037
The
045
The
053
069
Trigonome
070
Compoun
077
Double
093
101
The sine
106
The
117
The
125
137
Composit
141
Implied
154

2. Vectors
165
2.1.Vector
notation-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------167
2.2.Vector
Algebra------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------169
2.2.1.
Equality
of vectors
169
2.2.2.
Addition
of vectors
171
2.2.3.
The zero
vector
174
2.2.4.
The
negative of a vector
174
2.2.5.
Multiplyin
g a vector by a scalar
179
2.2.6.
Parallel
vectors
183
2.3.Rectangular
Coordinates-----------------------------------------------------------------------------185
2.3.1.
Rectangul
ar coordinates in

R2

2.3.2.
ar coordinates in

185
Rectangul

189

2.3.3.
Vectors
with initial points not at the origin
191
2.4.Length of a
Vector-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------197
2.4.1.
Properties
of the norm
203
2.4.2.
Unit
vectors
205
2.4.3.
Distance
between two points
209
2.5.Standard Unit
Vectors--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213
2.6.Dot
Product----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------221
2.6.1.
Definition
of the dot product
222
2.6.2.
Properties
of the dot product
229
2.6.3.
A couple
of proofs
231
2.6.4.
Dot
product and the angle between vectors
233
2.6.5.
Acute,
obtuse and right angles
239

2.6.6.
Standard
unit vectors and the dot product
242
2.7.Using Vectors in Problem
Solving------------------------------------------------------------------245
2.8.Scalar and Vector
Projections-----------------------------------------------------------------------257
2.8.1.
The scalar
projection
258
2.8.2.
Vector
projections
265
2.9.Graphs of Circles, Ellipses and
Hyperbolae------------------------------------------------------281
2.9.1.
Graphs of
circles
282
2.9.2.
Graphs of
ellipses
289
2.9.3.
Graphs of
hyperbolae
293
2.10.
Parametri
c Curves--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 309
2.10.1.
Introducti
on to parametric curves
309
2.10.2.
Finding
the equation of a path
314

3. Complex Numbers
3.1.Introduction to Complex Numbers
3.2.Arithmetic of Complex Numbers
3.3.Modulus and Argument
3.4.Polar Form and Complex Exponential
3.5.Sketching Regions in the Complex Plane
3.6.Powers of Complex Numbers
3.7.Roots of Complex Numbers
3.8.Roots of Polynomials and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

341
342
350
369
377
405
421
441
457

4. Differential Calculus
469
4.1.Second and Higher Order
Derivatives-------------------------------------------------------------470
4.1.1.
Revision:
First Derivative and Differentiation Rules
470
4.1.2.
Second
Order Derivatives
489
4.1.3.
Higher
Order Derivatives
491
4.2.Implicit
Differentiation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------501
4.3.Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric
Functions------------------------------------------------525

4.3.1.
Derivative
of arcsin
525
4.3.2.
Derivative
of arccos
533
4.3.3.
Derivative
of arctan
541
4.4.Graph
Sketching----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------549
4.4.1.
Increasing
and decreasing functions
549
4.4.2.
Local
extrema and stationary points
553
4.4.3.
Concavity
561
4.4.4.
Asymptoti
c behaviour of rational functions
581
4.5.Applications of
Differentiation----------------------------------------------------------------------- 601
5. Integral Calculus
5.1.Introduction to
Integration--------------------------------------------------------------------------5.1.1.
fundamental theorem of calculus
5.1.2.
integrals
5.2.Integration by
Substitution--------------------------------------------------------------------------5.2.1.
substitution
5.2.2.
substitutions
5.3.Integration Using Trigonometric
Identities------------------------------------------------------5.3.1.
least one of

m ,

is odd

5.3.2.

629
630
First
631
Standard
637
645
Simple
645
Linear
661
666
Case 1: At
667
Case 2:

Both

and

are even

5.3.3.

673
Powers of

tan

and

sec

5.4.Integration Using Partial

Fractions-----------------------------------------------------------------5.5.Definite Integrals and
Areas-------------------------------------------------------------------------5.5.1.
fundamental theorem of calculus
5.5.2.
of definite integrals

681
689
709
Second
709
Properties
717

5.5.3.
variable with definite integrals
5.5.4.
between curves
5.6.Applications: Volumes of Solids of
Revolution--------------------------------------------------5.6.1.
slices
5.6.2.
washers
6. Differential Equations
6.1.Introduction to DEs and Verification of Solutions
6.2.Solving DEs by Direct Antidifferentiation
6.3.Separable DEs
6.4.Applications of DEs

Change of
721
Areas
725
735
Volume by
737
Volume by
749
757
758
773
781
801