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First Published: August 28, 2012
Last Modified: July 08, 2013
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2012
CONTENTS
Preface
Preface xlvii
Audience xlvii
Conventions xlvii
Related Documentation xlviii
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request xlix
CHAPTER 1
Overview 1
Cisco Wireless Overview 1
Single-Controller Deployments 2
Multiple-Controller Deployments 3
Operating System Software 4
Operating System Security 4
Layer 2 and Layer 3 Operation 5
Operational Requirements 5
Configuration Requirements 5
Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers 6
Client Location 6
Controller Platforms 6
Cisco 2500 Series Controllers 7
Cisco 5500 Series Controller 7
Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controllers 7
Cisco 8500 Series Controllers 8
Cisco Virtual Wireless LAN Controllers 8
Cisco Wireless Services Module 2 9
Cisco Wireless Controller on Cisco Services-Ready Engine (SRE) 9
Cisco UWN Solution WLANs 9
File Transfers 9
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Prerequisites for Configuring Voice Prioritization Using Preferred Call Numbers 162
Configuring a Preferred Call Number 162
Configuring a Preferred Call Number (GUI) 162
Configuring a Preferred Call Number (CLI) 162
Configuring EDCA Parameters 163
Information About EDCA Parameters 163
Configuring EDCA Parameters 163
Configuring EDCA Parameters (GUI) 163
Configuring EDCA Parameters (CLI) 164
Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol 165
Information About Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol 165
Restrictions for Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol 165
Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol 167
Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol (GUI) 167
Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CLI) 168
Viewing Cisco Discovery Protocol Information 169
Viewing Cisco Discovery Protocol Information (GUI) 169
Viewing Cisco Discovery Protocol Information (CLI) 171
Getting CDP Debug Information 171
Configuring Authentication for the Controller and NTP Server 172
Information About Configuring Authentication for the Controller and NTP Server 172
Configuring Authentication for the Controller and NTP Server 172
Configuring the NTP Server for Authentication (GUI) 172
Configuring the NTP Server for Authentication (CLI) 172
Configuring RFID Tag Tracking 173
Information About Configuring RFID Tag Tracking 173
Configuring RFID Tag Tracking 174
Configuring RFID Tag Tracking (CLI) 174
Viewing RFID Tag Tracking Information (CLI) 175
Debugging RFID Tag Tracking Issues (CLI) 175
Configuring and Viewing Location Settings 176
Information About Configuring and Viewing Location Settings 176
Synchronizing the Controller and Mobility Services Engine 176
Configuring Location Settings 176
Configuring Location Settings (CLI) 176
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CHAPTER 6
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Information About Configuring the AP Retransmission Interval and Retry Count 477
Restrictions for Access Point Retransmission Interval and Retry Count 477
Configuring the AP Retransmission Interval and Retry Count (GUI) 477
Configuring the Access Point Retransmission Interval and Retry Count (CLI) 478
Configuring Country Codes 479
Information About Configuring Country Codes 479
Restrictions for Configuring Country Codes 480
Configuring Country Codes (GUI) 480
Configuring Country Codes (CLI) 481
Migrating Access Points from the -J Regulatory Domain to the -U Regulatory Domain 482
Information About Migrating Access Points from the -J Regulatory Domain to the -U
Regulatory Domain 482
Restrictions for Migrating Access Points from the -J Regulatory Domain to the -U Regulatory
Domain 484
Migrating Access Points to the -U Regulatory Domain (CLI) 484
Using the W56 Band in Japan 485
Dynamic Frequency Selection 486
Optimizing RFID Tracking on Access Points 487
Information About Optimizing RFID Tracking on Access Points 487
Optimizing RFID Tracking on Access Points (GUI) 488
Optimizing RFID Tracking on Access Points (CLI) 488
Configuring Probe Request Forwarding 489
Information About Configuring Probe Request Forwarding 489
Configuring Probe Request Forwarding (CLI) 489
Retrieving the Unique Device Identifier on Controllers and Access Points 490
Information About Retrieving the Unique Device Identifier on Controllers and Access
Points 490
Retrieving the Unique Device Identifier on Controllers and Access Points (GUI) 491
Retrieving the Unique Device Identifier on Controllers and Access Points (CLI) 491
Performing a Link Test 491
Information About Performing a Link Test 491
Performing a Link Test (GUI) 492
Performing a Link Test (CLI) 492
Configuring Link Latency 493
Information About Configuring Link Latency 493
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Encapsulations 591
Queuing on the Mesh Access Point 592
Bridging Backhaul Packets 595
Bridging Packets from and to a LAN 595
Guidelines For Using Voice on the Mesh Network 596
Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network 597
Viewing the Voice Details for Mesh Networks (CLI) 598
Enabling Mesh Multicast Containment for Video 601
Enabling Multicast on a Mesh Network (CLI) 602
IGMP Snooping 602
Locally Significant Certificates for Mesh APs 603
Guidelines and Limitations 603
Differences Between LSCs for Mesh APs and Normal APs 604
Certificate Verification Process in LSC AP 604
Configuring an LSC (CLI) 604
LSC-Related Commands 606
Controller CLI show Commands 607
Controller GUI Security Settings 607
Deployment Guidelines 609
Slot Bias Options 609
Information About Slot Bias Options 609
Disabling Slot Bias 610
Guidelines and Limitations 610
Commands Related to Slot Bias 610
Preferred Parent Selection 611
Guidelines and Limitations 611
Configuring a Preferred Parent 612
Co-Channel Interference 613
Viewing Mesh Statistics for a Mesh Access Point 613
Viewing Mesh Statistics for a Mesh Access Point (GUI) 614
Viewing Mesh Statistics for an Mesh Access Point (CLI) 618
Viewing Neighbor Statistics for a Mesh Access Point 619
Viewing Neighbor Statistics for a Mesh Access Point (GUI) 620
Viewing the Neighbor Statistics for a Mesh Access Point (CLI) 622
Converting Indoor Access Points to Mesh Access Points 623
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Changing MAP and RAP Roles for Indoor Mesh Access Points 624
Changing MAP and RAP Roles for Indoor Mesh Access Points (GUI) 624
Changing MAP and RAP Roles for Indoor Mesh Access Points (CLI) 625
Converting Indoor Mesh Access Points to Nonmesh Lightweight Access Points (1130AG,
1240AG) 625
Configuring Mesh Access Points to Operate with Cisco 3200 Series Mobile Access
Routers 626
Guidelines and Limitations 626
Enabling Mesh Access Points to Operate with Cisco 3200 Series Mobile Access Routers
(GUI) 628
Enabling Mesh Access Points to Operate with Cisco 3200 Series Mobile Access Routers
(CLI) 629
CHAPTER 10
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CHAPTER 14
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APPENDIX A
Troubleshooting 831
Interpreting LEDs 831
Information About Interpreting LEDs 831
Interpreting Controller LEDs 832
Interpreting Lightweight Access Point LEDs 832
System Messages 832
Information About System Messages 832
Viewing System Resources 835
Information About Viewing System Resources 835
Guidelines and Limitations - not used 836
Viewing System Resources (GUI) 836
Viewing System Resources (CLI) 836
Using the CLI to Troubleshoot Problems 836
Configuring System and Message Logging 838
Information About System and Message Logging 838
Configuring System and Message Logging (GUI) 838
Viewing Message Logs (GUI) 841
Configuring System and Message Logging (CLI) 841
Viewing System and Message Logs (CLI) 844
Viewing Access Point Event Logs 845
Information About Access Point Event Logs 845
Viewing Access Point Event Logs (CLI) 845
Uploading Logs and Crash Files 846
Prerequisites to Upload Logs and Crash Files 846
Uploading Logs and Crash Files (GUI) 846
Uploading Logs and Crash Files (CLI) 847
Uploading Core Dumps from the Controller 848
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Preface
This preface describes the audience, organization, and conventions of this document. It also provides
information on how to obtain other documentation. This chapter includes the following sections:
Audience, page xlvii
Conventions, page xlvii
Related Documentation, page xlviii
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request, page xlix
Audience
This publication is for experienced network administrators who configure and maintain Cisco wireless LAN
controllers and Cisco lightweight access points.
Conventions
This document uses the following conventions:
Table 1: Conventions
Convention
Indication
bold font
italic font
Document titles, new or emphasized terms, and arguments for which you supply
values are in italic font.
[]
{x | y | z }
[x|y|z]
xlvii
Preface
Related Documentation
Convention
Indication
string
A nonquoted set of characters. Do not use quotation marks around the string or
the string will include the quotation marks.
courier
Note
Tip
Caution
font
Terminal sessions and information the system displays appear in courier font.
<>
[]
!, #
An exclamation point (!) or a pound sign (#) at the beginning of a line of code
indicates a comment line.
Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in the
manual.
Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might perform an action that could result in equipment
damage or loss of data.
Related Documentation
These documents provide complete information about Cisco Wireless:
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller configuration guides:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10315/products_installation_and_configuration_guides_list.html
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller command references:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10315/prod_command_reference_list.html
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller System Message Guide:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10315/products_system_message_guides_list.html
Release Notes for Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers and Lightweight Access Points:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10315/prod_release_notes_list.html
Cisco Wireless Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps11451/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html
Cisco Prime Infrastructure documentation:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps12239/products_documentation_roadmaps_list.html
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Preface
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
xlix
Preface
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
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CHAPTER
Overview
This chapter describes the controller components and features. It contains these sections:
Cisco Wireless Overview, page 1
Operating System Software, page 4
Operating System Security, page 4
Layer 2 and Layer 3 Operation, page 5
Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers, page 6
Controller Platforms, page 6
Cisco UWN Solution WLANs, page 9
File Transfers, page 9
Power over Ethernet, page 10
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Memory, page 10
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Failover Protection, page 10
Overview
Single-Controller Deployments
A full-featured command-line interface (CLI) can be used to configure and monitor individual Cisco
wireless LAN controllers.
The Cisco Prime Infrastructure, which you use to configure and monitor one or more Cisco wireless
LAN controllers and associated access points. The Prime Infrastructure has tools to facilitate large-system
monitoring and control. For more information about Cisco Prime Infrastructure, see http://www.cisco.com/
en/US/products/ps12239/tsd_products_support_series_home.html.
An industry-standard SNMP V1, V2c, and V3 interface can be used with any SNMP-compliant third-party
network management system.
The Cisco Wireless solution supports client data services, client monitoring and control, and all rogue access
point detection, monitoring, and containment functions. It uses lightweight access points, Cisco wireless LAN
controllers, and the optional Cisco Prime Infrastructure to provide wireless services to enterprises and service
providers.
Note
Unless otherwise noted in this publication, all of the Cisco wireless LAN controllers are referred to as
controllers, and all of the Cisco lightweight access points are referred to as access points.
Single-Controller Deployments
A standalone controller can support lightweight access points across multiple floors and buildings
simultaneously and support the following features:
Autodetecting and autoconfiguring lightweight access points as they are added to the network.
Full control of lightweight access points.
Lightweight access points connect to controllers through the network. The network equipment may or
may not provide Power over Ethernet (PoE) to the access points.
Some controllers use redundant Gigabit Ethernet connections to bypass single network failures.
Note
Some controllers can connect through multiple physical ports to multiple subnets in the network. This
feature can be helpful when you want to confine multiple VLANs to separate subnets.
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Overview
Multiple-Controller Deployments
Multiple-Controller Deployments
Each controller can support lightweight access points across multiple floors and buildings simultaneously.
However, full functionality of the Cisco wireless LAN solution occurs when it includes multiple controllers.
A multiple-controller system has the following additional features:
Autodetecting and autoconfiguring RF parameters as the controllers are added to the network.
Same-subnet (Layer 2) roaming and inter-subnet (Layer 3) roaming.
Automatic access point failover to any redundant controller with a reduced access point load.
The following figure shows a typical multiple-controller deployment. The figure also shows an optional
dedicated management network and the three physical connection types between the network and the controllers.
Overview
Operating System Software
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Overview
Layer 2 and Layer 3 Operation
Note
The IPv4 network layer protocol is supported for transport through a CAPWAP or LWAPP controller
system. IPv6 (for clients only) and AppleTalk are also supported but only on Cisco 5500 Series Controllers
and the Cisco WiSM2. Other Layer 3 protocols (such as IPX, DECnet Phase IV, OSI CLNP, and so on)
and Layer 2 (bridged) protocols (such as LAT and NetBeui) are not supported.
Operational Requirements
The requirement for Layer 3 LWAPP communications is that the controller and lightweight access points can
be connected through Layer 2 devices on the same subnet or connected through Layer 3 devices across subnets.
Another requirement is that the IP addresses of access points should be either statically assigned or dynamically
assigned through an external DHCP server.
The requirement for Layer 3 CAPWAP communications is that the controller and lightweight access points
can be connected through Layer 2 devices on the same subnet or connected through Layer 3 devices across
subnets.
Configuration Requirements
When you are operating the Cisco wireless LAN solution in Layer 2 mode, you must configure a management
interface to control your Layer 2 communications.
Overview
Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers
When you are operating the Cisco wireless LAN solution in Layer 3 mode, you must configure an AP-manager
interface to control lightweight access points and a management interface as configured for Layer 2 mode.
Note
Lightweight access points without a primary, secondary, and tertiary controller assigned always search
for a master controller first upon reboot. After adding lightweight access points through the master
controller, you should assign primary, secondary, and tertiary controllers to each access point. We
recommend that you disable the master setting on all controllers after initial configuration.
Client Location
When you use Cisco Prime Infrastructure in your Cisco wireless LAN solution, controllers periodically
determine the client, rogue access point, rogue access point client, radio frequency ID (RFID) tag location
and store the locations in the Cisco Prime Infrastructure database.
Controller Platforms
Controllers are enterprise-class high-performance wireless switching platforms that support 802.11a/n and
802.11b/g/n protocols. They operate under control of the operating system, which includes the radio resource
management (RRM), creating a Cisco UWN solution that can automatically adjust to real-time changes in
the 802.11 RF environment. Controllers are built around high-performance network and security hardware,
resulting in highly reliable 802.11 enterprise networks with unparalleled security.
The following controllers are supported:
Cisco 2500 Series Controller
Cisco 5500 Series Controller
Catalyst 6500 series switch Wireless Services Module (WiSM2s)
Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controller
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Overview
Cisco 2500 Series Controllers
Overview
Cisco 8500 Series Controllers
IPv6 and Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) are supported but not multicast data.
For more information about the Cisco Flex 7500 series controllers, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/
ps11635/tsd_products_support_series_home.html.
Note
The DC powered 8510 controller is not available with any of the country-specific power cords. Therefore,
we recommend that you use a 12 gauge wire and connect to the DC power supply.
Restrictions
Local mode only deploymentMulticast-multicast is the default mode.
Local and FlexConnect mode deployment:
If you require IPv6 on FlexConnect mode APs, disable global multicast and change to
multicast-unicast mode. IPv6 and Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) works, but
multicast data and video streaming are not supported across the controller.
If you do not require IPv6 and GARP on FlexConnect APs, change the mode to multicast-multicast
and enable global multicast and IGMP/MLD snooping. IPv6, GARP, multicast data, and
VideoStream are supported on FlexConnect APs.
For more information about the Cisco 8500 series controllers, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/
ps12722/tsd_products_support_series_home.html.
Note
When you take a snapshot of the virtual wireless LAN controller, the VMware suspends activities for
about 15 seconds. During this time, the APs are disconnected from the virtual wireless LAN controller.
For more information about the Cisco Virtual Wireless LAN controllers, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/
products/ps12723/tsd_products_support_series_home.html.
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Overview
Cisco Wireless Services Module 2
Note
We recommend that you assign one set of VLANs for WLANs and a different set of VLANs for
management interfaces to ensure that controllers operate with optimum performance and ease of
management.
If management over wireless is enabled across the Cisco UWN solution, you can manage the system across
the enabled WLAN using CLI and Telnet, HTTP/HTTPS, and SNMP.
File Transfers
You can upload and download operating system code, configuration, and certificate files to and from the
controller using the GUI, CLI, or Cisco Prime Infrastructure.
Overview
Power over Ethernet
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Overview
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Failover Protection
If the lightweight access point has a primary, secondary, and tertiary controller assigned, it attempts to
associate with that controller.
If the access point has no primary, secondary, or tertiary controllers assigned or if its primary, secondary,
or tertiary controllers are unavailable, it attempts to associate with a master controller.
If the access point finds no master controller, it attempts to contact stored mobility group members by
the IP address.
If the mobility group members are available, and if the lightweight access point has no primary, secondary,
and tertiary controllers assigned and there is no master controller active, it attempts to associate with
the least-loaded controller to respond to its discovery messages.
When controllers are deployed, if one controller fails, active access point client sessions are momentarily
dropped while the dropped access point associates with another controller, allowing the client device to
immediately reassociate and reauthenticate.
To know more about high availability, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6366/products_tech_
note09186a00809a3f5d.shtml
11
Overview
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Failover Protection
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13
Note
On Cisco 5500 Series Controllers, you can use either the RJ-45 console port or the USB console port. If
you use the USB console port, plug the 5-pin mini Type B connector into the controllers USB console
port and the other end of the cable into the PCs USB Type A port. The first time that you connect a
Windows PC to the USB console port, you are prompted to install the USB console driver. Follow the
installation prompts to install the driver. The USB console driver maps to a COM port on your PC; you
then need to map the terminal emulator application to the COM port.
Step 1
Connect one end of a null-modem serial cable to the controllers console port and the other end to your PCs serial port.
Step 2
Step 3
9600 baud
8 data bits
1 stop bit
No parity
No hardware flow control
Step 4
Plug the AC power cord into the controller and a grounded 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60-Hz electrical outlet.Turn on the
power supply. The bootup script displays operating system software initialization (code download and power-on self
test verification) and basic configuration.
If the controller passes the power-on self test, the bootup script runs the configuration wizard, which prompts you for
basic configuration input.
Connect your PC to the service port and configure it to use the same subnet as the controller.
Start Internet Explorer 6.0 SP1 (or later) or Firefox 2.0.0.11 (or later) on your PC and browse to http://192.168.1.1. The
configuration wizard appears.
Note
You can use both HTTP and HTTPS when using the service port interface. HTTPS is enabled by default and
HTTP can also be enabled. The default IP address to connect to the service port interface is 192.168.1.1.
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Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In the System Name text box, enter the name that you want to assign to this controller. You can enter up to 31 ASCII
characters.
In the User Name text box, enter the administrative username to be assigned to this controller. You can enter up to 24
ASCII characters. The default username is admin.
In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter the administrative password to be assigned to this controller.
You can enter up to 24 ASCII characters. The default password is admin.
Starting in release 7.0.116.0, the following password policy has been implemented:
The password must contain characters from at least three of the following classes:
Lowercase letters
Uppercase letters
Digits
Special characters
No character in the password must be repeated more than three times consecutively.
The new password must not be the same as the associated username and not be the username reversed.
The password must not be cisco, ocsic, or any variant obtained by changing the capitalization of letters of the word
Cisco. In addition, you cannot substitute 1, I, or ! for i, 0 for o, or $ for s.
15
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
If you want to enable Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) v1 mode for this controller, choose Enable from
the SNMP v1 Mode drop-down list. Otherwise, leave this parameter set to Disable.
Note
SNMP manages nodes (servers, workstations, routers, switches, and so on) on an IP network. Currently, there
are three versions of SNMP: SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3.
If you want to enable SNMPv2c mode for this controller, leave this parameter set to Enable. Otherwise, choose Disable
from the SNVP v2c Mode drop-down list.
If you want to enable SNMPv3 mode for this controller, leave this parameter set to Enable. Otherwise, choose Disable
from the SNVP v3 Mode drop-down list.
Click Next.
When the following message appears, click OK:
Default values are present for v1/v2c community strings.
Please make sure to create new v1/v2c community strings once the system comes up.
Please make sure to create new v3 users once the system comes up.
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Step 12
Step 13
If you want the controllers service-port interface to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server, select the DHCP Protocol
Enabled check box. If you do not want to use the service port or if you want to assign a static IP address to the service
port, leave the check box unselected.
Note
The service-port interface controls communications through the service port. Its IP address must be on a different
subnet from the management interface. This configuration enables you to manage the controller directly or
through a dedicated management network to ensure service access during network downtime.
Perform one of the following:
If you enabled DHCP, clear out any entries in the IP Address and Netmask text boxes, leaving them blank.
If you disabled DHCP, enter the static IP address and netmask for the service port in the IP Address and Netmask
text boxes.
Step 14
Click Next.
17
Step 15
Step 16
To enable link aggregation (LAG), choose Enabled from the Link Aggregation (LAG) Mode drop-down list. To disable
LAG, leave this text box set to Disabled.
Click Next
The Management Interface Configuration screen appears.
Figure 7: Configuration Wizard Management Interface Configuration Screen
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The management interface is the default interface for in-band management of the controller and connectivity
to enterprise services such as AAA servers.
In the VLAN Identifier text box, enter the VLAN identifier of the management interface (either a valid VLAN identifier
or 0 for an untagged VLAN). The VLAN identifier should be set to match the switch interface configuration.
In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the management interface.
In the Netmask text box, enter the IP address of the management interface netmask.
In the Gateway text box, enter the IP address of the default gateway.
In the Port Number text box, enter the number of the port assigned to the management interface. Each interface is mapped
to at least one primary port.
In the Backup Port text box, enter the number of the backup port assigned to the management interface. If the primary
port for the management interface fails, the interface automatically moves to the backup port.
In the Primary DHCP Server text box, enter the IP address of the default DHCP server that will supply IP addresses to
clients, the controllers management interface, and optionally, the service port interface.
In the Secondary DHCP Server text box, enter the IP address of an optional secondary DHCP server that will supply IP
addresses to clients, the controllers management interface, and optionally, the service port interface.
Click Next. The AP-Manager Interface Configuration screen appears.
Note
This screen does not appear for Cisco 5500 Series Controllers because you are not required to configure an
AP-manager interface. The management interface acts like an AP-manager interface by default.
In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the AP-manager interface.
Click Next. The Miscellaneous Configuration screen appears.
Note
Step 17
Step 18
Step 19
Step 20
Step 21
Step 22
Step 23
Step 24
Step 25
Step 26
Step 27
Step 28
In the RF Mobility Domain Name text box, enter the name of the mobility group/RF group to which you want the
controller to belong.
19
Although the name that you enter here is assigned to both the mobility group and the RF group, these groups
are not identical. Both groups define clusters of controllers, but they have different purposes. All of the controllers
in an RF group are usually also in the same mobility group and vice versa. However, a mobility group facilitates
scalable, system-wide mobility and controller redundancy while an RF group facilitates scalable, system-wide
dynamic RF management.
The Configured Country Code(s) text box shows the code for the country in which the controller will be used. If you
want to change the country of operation, select the check box for the desired country.
Note
You can choose more than one country code if you want to manage access points in multiple countries from a
single controller. After the configuration wizard runs, you must assign each access point joined to the controller
to a specific country.
Click Next.
When the following message appears, click OK:
Note
Step 29
Step 30
Step 31
Step 32
Step 33
In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the controllers virtual interface. You should enter a fictitious, unassigned
IP address.
Note
The virtual interface is used to support mobility management, DHCP relay, and embedded Layer 3 security
such as guest web authentication and VPN termination. All controllers within a mobility group must be configured
with the same virtual interface IP address.
In the DNS Host Name text box, enter the name of the Domain Name System (DNS) gateway used to verify the source
of certificates when Layer 3 web authorization is enabled.
Note
To ensure connectivity and web authentication, the DNS server should always point to the virtual interface. If
a DNS hostname is configured for the virtual interface, then the same DNS hostname must be configured on
the DNS servers used by the client.
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Step 34
Step 35
Step 36
Step 37
Step 38
In the Profile Name text box, enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters for the profile name to be assigned to this WLAN.
In the WLAN SSID text box, enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters for the network name, or service set identifier
(SSID). The SSID enables basic functionality of the controller and allows access points that have joined the controller
to enable their radios.
Click Next.
When the following message appears, click OK:
Default Security applied to WLAN is: [WPA2(AES)][Auth(802.1x)]. You can change
this after the wizard is complete and the system is rebooted.?
21
Step 39
Step 40
In the Server IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the RADIUS server.
From the Shared Secret Format drop-down list, choose ASCII or Hex to specify the format of the shared secret.
Note
Due to security reasons, the RADIUS shared secret key reverts to ASCII mode even if you have selected HEX
as the shared secret format from the Shared Secret Format drop-down list.
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Step 41
Step 42
Step 43
Step 44
In the Shared Secret and Confirm Shared Secret text boxes, enter the secret key used by the RADIUS server.
In the Port Number text box, enter the communication port of the RADIUS server. The default value is 1812.
To enable the RADIUS server, choose Enabled from the Server Status drop-down list. To disable the RADIUS server,
leave this text box set to Disabled.
Click Apply. The 802.11 Configuration screen appears.
Figure 12: Configuration Wizard 802.11 Configuration Screen
Step 45
To enable the 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g lightweight access point networks, leave the 802.11a Network Status,
802.11b Network Status, and 802.11g Network Status check boxes selected. To disable support for any of these
networks, unselect the check boxes.
Step 46
To enable the controllers radio resource management (RRM) auto-RF feature, leave the Auto RF check box selected.
To disable support for the auto-RF feature, unselect this check box.
Note
The auto-RF feature enables the controller to automatically form an RF group with other controllers. The group
dynamically elects a leader to optimize RRM parameter settings, such as channel and transmit power assignment,
for the group.
23
Step 47
Step 48
Step 49
To manually configure the system time on your controller, enter the current date in Month/DD/YYYY format and the
current time in HH:MM:SS format.
To manually set the time zone so that Daylight Saving Time (DST) is not set automatically, enter the local hour difference
from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) in the Delta Hours text box and the local minute difference from GMT in the Delta
Mins text box.
Note
When manually setting the time zone, enter the time difference of the local current time zone with respect to
GMT (+/). For example, Pacific time in the United States is 8 hours behind GMT. Therefore, it is entered as
8.
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Step 50
Step 51
Step 52
Click Save and Reboot to save your configuration and reboot the controller.
When the following message appears, click OK:
Configuration will be saved and the controller will be
rebooted. Click ok to confirm.?
The controller saves your configuration, reboots, and prompts you to log on.
Step 1
When prompted to terminate the AutoInstall process, enter yes. If you do not enter yes, the AutoInstall process begins
after 30 seconds.
25
The AutoInstall feature downloads a configuration file from a TFTP server and then loads the configuration
onto the controller automatically.
Enter the system name, which is the name that you want to assign to the controller. You can enter up to 31 ASCII
characters.
Enter the administrative username and password to be assigned to this controller. You can enter up to 24 ASCII characters
for each.
Starting in release 7.0.116.0, the following password policy has been implemented:
Note
Step 2
Step 3
The password must contain characters from at least three of the following classes:
Lowercase letters
Uppercase letters
Digits
Special characters
No character in the password must be repeated more than three times consecutively.
The new password must not be the same as the associated username and not be the username reversed.
The password must not be cisco, ocsic, or any variant obtained by changing the capitalization of letters of the word
Cisco. In addition, you cannot substitute 1, I, or ! for i, 0 for o, or $ for s.
Step 4
If you want the controllers service-port interface to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server, enter DHCP. If you do
not want to use the service port or if you want to assign a static IP address to the service port, enter none.
Note
The service-port interface controls communications through the service port. Its IP address must be on a different
subnet from the management interface. This configuration enables you to manage the controller directly or
through a dedicated management network to ensure service access during network downtime.
Step 5
If you entered none in Step 4, enter the IP address and netmask for the service-port interface on the next two lines.
Enable or disable link aggregation (LAG) by choosing yes or NO.
Enter the IP address of the management interface.
Note
The management interface is the default interface for in-band management of the controller and connectivity
to enterprise services such as AAA servers.
Enter the IP address of the management interface netmask.
Enter the IP address of the default router.
Enter the VLAN identifier of the management interface (either a valid VLAN identifier or 0 for an untagged VLAN).
The VLAN identifier should be set to match the switch interface configuration.
Enter the IP address of the default DHCP server that will supply IP addresses to clients, the management interface of
the controller, and optionally, the service port interface. Enter the IP address of the AP-manager interface.
Note
This prompt does not appear for Cisco 5500 Series Controllers because you are not required to configure an
AP-manager interface. The management interface acts like an AP-manager interface by default.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Enter the IP address of the controllers virtual interface. You should enter a fictitious unassigned IP address.
Note
The virtual interface is used to support mobility management, DHCP relay, and embedded Layer 3 security
such as guest web authentication and VPN termination. All controllers within a mobility group must be configured
with the same virtual interface IP address.
If desired, enter the name of the mobility group/RF group to which you want the controller to belong.
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Although the name that you enter here is assigned to both the mobility group and the RF group, these groups
are not identical. Both groups define clusters of controllers, but they have different purposes. All of the controllers
in an RF group are usually also in the same mobility group and vice versa. However, a mobility group facilitates
scalable, system-wide mobility and controller redundancy while an RF group facilitates scalable, system-wide
dynamic RF management.
Enter the network name or service set identifier (SSID). The SSID enables basic functionality of the controller and allows
access points that have joined the controller to enable their radios.
Enter YES to allow clients to assign their own IP address or no to require clients to request an IP address from a DHCP
server.
To configure a RADIUS server now, enter YES and then enter the IP address, communication port, and secret key of
the RADIUS server. Otherwise, enter no. If you enter no, the following message appears: Warning! The default WLAN
security policy requires a RADIUS server. Please see the documentation for more details.
Enter the code for the country in which the controller will be used.
Note
Enter help to view the list of available country
codes.
Note
You can enter more than one country code if you want to manage access points in multiple countries from a
single controller. To do so, separate the country codes with a comma (for example, US,CA,MX). After the
configuration wizard runs, you need to assign each access point joined to the controller to a specific country.
Enable or disable the 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g lightweight access point networks by entering YES or no.
Note
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
Step 18
Step 19
Step 20
Enable or disable the controllers radio resource management (RRM) auto-RF feature by entering YES or no.
Note
The auto-RF feature enables the controller to automatically form an RF group with other controllers. The group
dynamically elects a leader to optimize RRM parameter settings, such as channel and transmit power assignment,
for the group.
If you want the controller to receive its time setting from an external Network Time Protocol (NTP) server when it powers
up, enter YES to configure an NTP server. Otherwise, enter no.
Note
The controller network module installed in a Cisco Integrated Services Router does not have a battery and cannot
save a time setting. Therefore, it must receive a time setting from an external NTP server when it powers up.
Step 21
If you entered no in Step 20 and want to manually configure the system time on your controller now, enter YES. If you
do not want to configure the system time now, enter no.
Step 22
If you entered YES in Step 21, enter the current date in the MM/DD/YY format and the current time in the HH:MM:SS
format.
When prompted to verify that the configuration is correct, enter yes or NO.
The controller saves your configuration, reboots, and prompts you to log on.
Step 23
27
Note
We recommend that you enable the HTTPS interface and disable the HTTP interface to ensure more robust
security for your Cisco UWN solution.
Note
You can use either the service port interface or the management interface to access the GUI. We
recommend that you use the service-port interface.
You can use both HTTP and HTTPS when using the service port interface. HTTPS is enabled by default
and HTTP can also be enabled. The default IP address to connect to the service port interface is
192.168.1.1.
Click Help at the top of any page in the GUI to display online help. You might need to disable your
browsers pop-up blocker to view the online help.
Enter the controllercontroller IP address in your browsers address line. For a secure connection, enter https://ip-address.
For a less secure connection, enter http://ip-address.
Step 2
When prompted, enter a valid username and password, and click OK. The controller Summary page appears.
Note
The administrative username and password that you created in the configuration wizard are case sensitive. The
default username is admin, and the default password is admin.
Step 3
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Step 1
Step 2
To enable web mode, which allows users to access the controller GUI using http://ip-address, choose Enabled from
the HTTP Access drop-down list. Otherwise, choose Disabled. The default value is Disabled. Web mode is not a secure
connection.
Step 3
To enable secure web mode, which allows users to access the controller GUI using https://ip-address, choose Enabled
from the HTTPS Access drop-down list. Otherwise, choose Disabled. The default value is Enabled. Secure web mode
is a secure connection.
In the Web Session Timeout text box, enter the amount of time, in minutes, before the web session times out due to
inactivity. You can enter a value between 10 and 160 minutes (inclusive). The default value is 30 minutes.
Click Apply.
If you enabled secure web mode in Step 3, the controller generates a local web administration SSL certificate and
automatically applies it to the GUI. The details of the current certificate appear in the middle of the HTTP-HTTPS
Configuration page.
Note
If desired, you can delete the current certificate by clicking Delete Certificate and have the controller generate
a new certificate by clicking Regenerate Certificate.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
29
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Enable or disable secure web mode with increased security by entering this command:
config network secureweb cipher-option high {enable | disable}
This command allows users to access the controller GUI using https://ip-address but only from browsers that support
128-bit (or larger) ciphers. The default value is disabled.
Step 4
Step 5
Verify that the controller has generated a certificate by entering this command:
show certificate summary
Information similar to the following appears:
Web Administration Certificate................. Locally Generated
Web Authentication Certificate................. Locally Generated
Certificate compatibility mode:................ off
Step 6
Step 7
Save the SSL certificate, key, and secure web password to nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) so that your changes are retained
across reboots by entering this command:
save config
Step 8
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Note
Chained certificates are supported for web authentication only and not for the
management certificate.
Note
Every HTTPS certificate contains an embedded RSA key. The length of the key can
vary from 512 bits, which is relatively insecure, to thousands of bits, which is very
secure. When you obtain a new certificate from a Certificate Authority, make sure that
the RSA key embedded in the certificate is at least 768 bits long.
31
On the HTTP Configuration page, select the Download SSL Certificate check box.
Figure 15: HTTP Configuration Page
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
In the Server IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the TFTP server.
In the Maximum Retries text box, enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the
certificate.
In the Timeout text box, enter the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the certificate.
In the Certificate File Path text box, enter the directory path of the certificate.
In the Certificate File Name text box, enter the name of the certificate (webadmincert_name.pem).
(Optional) In the Certificate Password text box, enter a password to encrypt the certificate.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Choose Commands > Reboot > Reboot > Save and Reboot to reboot the controller for your changes to take effect,
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Use a password to encrypt the HTTPS certificate in a .PEM-encoded file. The PEM-encoded file is called a web
administration certificate file (webadmincert_name.pem).
Step 2
Move the webadmincert_name.pem file to the default directory on your TFTP server.
Step 3
To view the current download settings, enter this command and answer n to the prompt:
transfer download start
Information similar to the following appears:
Mode...........................................
Data Type......................................
TFTP Server IP.................................
TFTP Path......................................
TFTP Filename..................................
Are you sure you want to start? (y/n) n
Transfer Canceled
Step 4
TFTP
Admin Cert
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
<directory path>
Step 5
To set the password for the .PEM file so that the operating system can decrypt the web administration SSL key and
certificate, enter this command:
transfer download certpassword private_key_password
Step 6
To confirm the current download settings and start the certificate and key download, enter this command and answer y
to the prompt:
transfer download start
Information similar to the following appears:
Mode...........................................
Data Type......................................
TFTP Server IP.................................
TFTP Path......................................
TFTP Filename..................................
Are you sure you want to start? (y/n) y
TFTP Webadmin cert transfer starting.
Certificate installed.
Please restart the switch (reset system) to use
Step 7
TFTP
Site Cert
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
directory path
webadmincert_name
To save the SSL certificate, key, and secure web password to NVRAM so that your changes are retained across reboots,
enter this command:
33
save config
Step 8
Note
See the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Command Reference for information on specific commands.
Note
If you want to input any strings from the XML configuration into CLI commands, you must enclose the
strings in quotation marks.
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Step 1
Connect one end of a null-modem serial cable to the controllers console port and the other end to your PCs serial port.
Step 2
Start the PCs VT-100 terminal emulation program. Configure the terminal emulation program for these parameters:
9600 baud
8 data bits
1 stop bit
No parity
No hardware flow control
Note
Note
Step 3
When prompted, enter a valid username and password to log into the controller. The administrative username and
password that you created in the configuration wizard are case sensitive.
Note
The default username is admin, and the default password is
admin.
The CLI displays the root level system prompt:
#(system prompt)>
Note
The system prompt can be any alphanumeric string up to 31 characters. You can change it by entering the config
prompt command.
35
Note
Step 1
By default, controllers block Telnet sessions. You must use a local connection to the serial port to enable
Telnet sessions.
Verify that your VT-100 terminal emulation program or DOS shell interface is configured with these parameters:
Ethernet address
Port 23
Step 2
Step 3
The system prompt can be any alphanumeric string up to 31 characters. You can change it by entering the config
prompt command.
Note
The CLI automatically logs you out without saving any changes after 5 minutes of inactivity. You can set
the automatic logout from 0 (never log out) to 160 minutes using the config serial timeout command.
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When you log into the CLI, you are at the root level. From the root level, you can enter any full command
without first navigating to the correct command level.
The following table lists commands you use to navigate the CLI and to perform common tasks.
Table 2: Commands for CLI Navigation and Common Tasks
Command
Action
help
command ?
exit
Ctrl-Z
save config
reset system
37
If AutoInstall is notified that the configuration wizard has started (which means that the controller does not
have a configuration), AutoInstall waits for an additional 30 seconds. This time period gives you an opportunity
to respond to the first prompt from the configuration wizard:
Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]:
When the 30-second abort timeout expires, AutoInstall starts the DHCP client. You can abort the AutoInstall
task even after this 30-second timeout if you enter Yes at the prompt. However, AutoInstall cannot be aborted
if the TFTP task has locked the flash and is in the process of downloading and installing a valid configuration
file.
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The IP address of the TFTP server is determined in this order by one of the following:
If AutoInstall received the DHCP TFTP Server Name option, AutoInstall performs a DNS lookup
on this server name. If the DNS lookup is successful, the returned IP address is used as the IP
address of the TFTP server.
If the DHCP Server Host Name (sname) text box is valid, AutoInstall performs a DNS lookup on
this name. If the DNS lookup is successful, the IP address that is returned is used as the IP address
of the TFTP server.
If AutoInstall received the DHCP TFTP Server Address option, this address is used as the IP
address of the TFTP server.
AutoInstall performs a DNS lookup on the default TFTP server name (cisco-wlc-tftp). If the DNS
lookup is successful, the IP address that is received is used as the IP address of the TFTP server.
If the DHCP server IP address (siaddr) text box is nonzero, this address is used as the IP address
of the TFTP server.
The limited broadcast address (255.255.255.255) is used as the IP address of the TFTP server.
If the TFTP server is not on the same subnet as the controller, a static route (/32) is installed for the IP
address of the TFTP server. This static route points to the gateway that is learned through the DHCP
Router option.
39
Note
The downloaded configuration file can be a complete configuration, or it can be a minimal configuration
that provides enough information for the controller to be managed by the Cisco Prime Infrastructure. Full
configuration can then be deployed directly from the Prime Infrastructure.
Note
AutoInstall does not expect the switch connected to the controller to be configured for either channels.
AutoInstall works with a service port in LAG configuration.
Note
Cisco Prime Infrastructure provides AutoInstall capabilities for controllers. A Cisco Prime Infrastructure
administrator can create a filter that includes the host name, the MAC address, or the serial number of the
controller and associate a group of templates (a configuration group) to this filter rule. The Prime
Infrastructure pushes the initial configuration to the controller when the controller boots up initially. After
the controller is discovered, the Prime Infrastructure pushes the templates that are defined in the
configuration group. For more information about the AutoInstall feature and Cisco Prime Infrastructure,
see the Cisco Prime Infrastructure documentation.
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41
Choose Controller > NTP > Servers to open the NTP Servers page.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Choose a server priority from the Server Index (Priority) drop-down list.
Enter the NTP server IP address in the Server IP Address text box.
Enable NTP server authentication by selecting the NTP Server Authentication check box.
Step 6
Click Apply.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
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Choose Commands > Set Time to open the Set Time page.
Figure 16: Set Time Page
The current date and time appear at the top of the page.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
In the Timezone area, choose your local time zone from the Location drop-down list.
Note
When you choose a time zone that uses Daylight Saving Time (DST), the controller automatically sets its system
clock to reflect the time change when DST occurs. In the United States, DST starts on the second Sunday in
March and ends on the first Sunday in November.
Note
You cannot set the time zone delta on the controller GUI. However, if you do so on the controller CLI, the
change is reflected in the Delta Hours and Mins text boxes on the controller GUI.
Click Set Timezone to apply your changes.
Step 6
In the Date area, choose the current local month and day from the Month and Day drop-down lists, and enter the year in
the Year text box.
In the Time area, choose the current local hour from the Hour drop-down list, and enter the minutes and seconds in the
Minutes and Seconds text boxes.
Note
If you change the time zone location after setting the date and time, the values in the Time area are updated to
reflect the time in the new time zone location. For example, if the controller is currently configured for noon
Eastern time and you change the time zone to Pacific time, the time automatically changes to 9:00 a.m.
Click Set Date and Time to apply your changes.
Step 7
Step 5
43
Configure the current local date and time in GMT on the controller by entering this command:
config time manual mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss
When setting the time, the current local time is entered in terms of GMT and as a value between 00:00 and
24:00. For example, if it is 8:00 a.m. Pacific time in the United States, you would enter 16:00 because the Pacific
time zone is 8 hours behind GMT.
Perform one of the following to set the time zone for the controller:
Note
Step 2
Set the time zone location in order to have Daylight Saving Time (DST) set automatically when it occurs by entering
this command:
config time timezone location location_index
where location_index is a number representing one of the following time zone locations:
1 (GMT-12:00) International Date Line West
2 (GMT-11:00) Samoa
3 (GMT-10:00) Hawaii
4 (GMT-9:00) Alaska
5 (GMT-8:00) Pacific Time (US and Canada)
6 (GMT-7:00) Mountain Time (US and Canada)
7 (GMT-6:00) Central Time (US and Canada)
8 (GMT-5:00) Eastern Time (US and Canada)
9 (GMT-4:00) Atlantic Time (Canada)
10 (GMT-3:00) Buenos Aires (Argentina)
11 (GMT-2:00) Mid-Atlantic
12 (GMT-1:00) Azores
13 (GMT) London, Lisbon, Dublin, Edinburgh (default value)
14 (GMT +1:00) Amsterdam, Berlin, Rome, Vienna
15 (GMT +2:00) Jerusalem
16 (GMT +3:00) Baghdad
17 (GMT +4:00) Muscat, Abu Dhabi
18 (GMT +4:30) Kabul
19 (GMT +5:00) Karachi, Islamabad, Tashkent
20 (GMT +5:30) Colombo, Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi
21 (GMT +5:45) Katmandu
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If you enter this command, the controller automatically sets its system clock to reflect DST when it occurs.
In the United States, DST starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November.
Manually set the time zone so that DST is not set automatically by entering this command:
config time timezone delta_hours delta_mins
where delta_hours is the local hour difference from GMT, and delta_mins is the local minute difference from GMT.
When manually setting the time zone, enter the time difference of the local current time zone with respect to GMT
(+/). For example, Pacific time in the United States is 8 hours behind GMT. Therefore, it is entered as 8.
Note
You can manually set the time zone and prevent DST from being set only on the controller
CLI.
Step 3
Step 4
Verify that the controller shows the current local time with respect to the local time zone by entering this command:
show time
Information similar to the following appears:
Time.................................... Thu Apr 7 13:56:37 2011
Timezone delta........................... 0:0
Timezone location....................... (GMT +5:30) Colombo, New Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata
NTP Servers
NTP Polling Interval.........................
Index
------1
Note
3600
If you configured the time zone location, the Timezone Delta value is set to 0:0. If you manually configured
the time zone using the time zone delta, the Timezone Location is blank.
45
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Step 2
Step 6
In the Telnet Login Timeout text box, enter the number of minutes that a Telnet session is allowed to remain inactive
before being terminated. The valid range is 0 to 160 minutes (inclusive), and the default value is 5 minutes. A value of
0 indicates no timeout.
From the Maximum Number of Sessions drop-down list, choose the number of simultaneous Telnet or SSH sessions
allowed. The valid range is 0 to 5 sessions (inclusive), and the default value is 5 sessions. A value of zero indicates that
Telnet/SSH sessions are disallowed.
From the Allow New Telnet Sessions drop-down list, choose Yes or No to allow or disallow new Telnet sessions on
the controller. The default value is No.
From the \ drop-down list, choose Yes or No to allow or disallow new SSH sessions on the controller. The default value
is Yes.
Click Apply.
Step 7
Step 8
To see a summary of the Telnet configuration settings, choose Management > Summary. The Summary page appears.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
This page shows whether additional Telnet and SSH sessions are permitted.
Allow or disallow new Telnet sessions on the controller by entering this command:
config network telnet {enable | disable}
The default value is disabled.
Step 2
Allow or disallow new SSH sessions on the controller by entering this command:
47
Specify the number of minutes that a Telnet session is allowed to remain inactive before being terminated by entering
this command:
config sessions timeout timeout
where timeout is a value between 0 and 160 minutes (inclusive). The default value is 5 minutes. A value of 0 indicates
no timeout.
Step 4
Specify the number of simultaneous Telnet or SSH sessions allowed by entering this command:
config sessions maxsessions session_num
where session_num is a value between 0 and 5 (inclusive). The default value is 5 sessions. A value of zero indicates that
Telnet/SSH sessions are disallowed.
Step 5
Step 6
See the Telnet and SSH configuration settings by entering this command:
show network summary
Information similar to the following appears:
RF-Network Name............................. TestNetwork1
Web Mode.................................... Enable
Secure Web Mode............................. Enable
Secure Web Mode Cipher-Option High.......... Disable
Secure Web Mode Cipher-Option SSLv2......... Disable
Secure Shell (ssh).......................... Enable
Telnet................................... Disable
...
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
You can close all active Telnet sessions or a specific Telnet session by entering this command:
config loginsession close {all | session_id}
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Note
For instructions on configuring Telnet or SSH SSH sessions on the controller, see the
Configuring Telnet and Secure Shell Sessions section.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Click the name of the access point for which you want to enable Telnet or SSH.
Choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
Select the Telnet check box to enable Telnet connectivity on this access point. The default value is unchecked.
Select the SSH check box to enable SSH connectivity on this access point. The default value is unchecked.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 1
Step 2
Disable Telnet or SSH connectivity on an access point by entering this command: config ap {telnet | ssh}
disable Cisco_AP
49
save config
Step 3
See whether Telnet or SSH is enabled on an access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
Information similar to the following appears:
Cisco AP Identifier..............................
Cisco AP Name....................................
Country code.....................................
Reg. Domain allowed by Country...................
AP Country code..................................
AP Regulatory Domain.............................
Switch Port Number ..............................
MAC Address......................................
IP Address Configuration.........................
IP Address.......................................
IP NetMask.......................................
Gateway IP Addr..................................
Domain...........................................
Name Server......................................
Telnet State.....................................
Ssh State........................................
...
5
AP33
Multiple Countries:US,AE,AR,AT,AU,BH
802.11bg:-ABCENR 802.11a:-ABCEN
US - United States
802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A
2
00:19:2f:11:16:7a
Static IP assigned
10.22.8.133
255.255.248.0
10.22.8.1
Enabled
Enabled
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Step 3
Step 4
Use a wireless client to associate to a lightweight access point connected to the controller.
On the wireless client, open a Telnet session to the controller, or browse to the controller GUI.
51
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CHAPTER
53
Note
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Note
The Gigabit Ethernet ports on the Cisco 5508 Controllers accept these SX/LC/T small
form-factor plug-in (SFP) modules: - 1000BASE-SX SFP modules, which provide a
1000-Mbps wired connection to a network through an 850nM (SX) fiber-optic link
using an LC physical connector - 1000BASE-LX SFP modules, which provide a
1000-Mbps wired connection to a network through a 1300nM (LX/LH) fiber-optic link
using an LC physical connector - 1000BASE-T SFP modules, which provide a
1000-Mbps wired connection to a network through a copper link using an RJ-45 physical
connector
Each distribution system port is, by default, an 802.1Q VLAN trunk port. The VLAN trunking
characteristics of the port are not configurable.
Note
Some controllers support link aggregation (LAG), which bundles all of the controllers
distribution system ports into a single 802.3ad port channel. Cisco 5500 Series Controllers
support LAG, and LAG is enabled automatically on the controllers within the Cisco
WiSM2.
55
Note
The service port is not autosensing. You must use the correct straight-through or crossover Ethernet cable
to communicate with the service port.
Caution
Do not configure wired clients in the same VLAN or subnet of the service port of the controller on the
network. If you configure wired clients on the same subnet or VLAN as the service port, it is not possible
to access the management interface of the controller.
Note
You are not required to configure an AP-manager interface on Cisco 5500 Series
Controllers.
Note
Typically, you define the management, AP-manager, virtual, and service-port interface parameters using
the Startup Wizard. However, you can display and configure interface parameters through either the GUI
or CLI after the controller is running.
When LAG is disabled, each interface is mapped to at least one primary port, and some interfaces (management
and dynamic) can be mapped to an optional secondary (or backup) port. If the primary port for an interface
fails, the interface automatically moves to the backup port. In addition, multiple interfaces can be mapped to
a single controller port.
Note
Interfaces that are quarantined are not displayed on the Controller > Interfaces page. For example, if there
are 6 interfaces and one of them is quarantined, the quarantined interface is not displayed and the details
of the other 5 interfaces are displayed on the GUI. You can get the total number of interfaces that is
inclusive of quarantined interfaces through the count displayed on the top-right corner of the GUI.
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Note
To prevent or block a wired or wireless client from accessing the management network on a controller
(from the wireless client dynamic interface or VLAN), the network administrator must ensure that only
authorized clients gain access to the management network through proper CPU ACLs, or use a firewall
between the client dynamic interface and the management network.
Caution
Do not map a guest WLAN to the management interface. If the EoIP tunnel breaks, the client could obtain
an IP and be placed on the management subnet.
Caution
Do not configure wired clients in the same VLAN or subnet of the service port of the controller on the
network. If you configure wired clients on the same subnet or VLAN as the service port, it is not possible
to access the management interface of the controller.
57
Select the Quarantine check box if you want to configure this VLAN as unhealthy or you want to configure
network access control (NAC) out-of-band integration. Doing so causes the data traffic of any client that
is assigned to this VLAN to pass through the controller.
NAT address (only Cisco 2500 Series Controllers and Cisco 5500 Series Controllers are configured for dynamic
AP management.)
Note
Select the Enable NAT Address check box and enter the external NAT IP address if you want to be able
to deploy your Cisco 2500 Series Controllers or Cisco 5500 Series Controller behind a router or other
gateway device that is using one-to-one mapping network address translation (NAT). NAT allows a device,
such as a router, to act as an agent between the Internet (public) and a local network (private). In this case,
it maps the controllers intranet IP addresses to a corresponding external address. The controllers dynamic
AP-manager interface must be configured with the external NAT IP address so that the controller can send
the correct IP address in the Discovery Response.
Note
If a Cisco 2500 Series Controllers or Cisco 5500 Series Controller is configured with an external NAT IP
address under the management interface, the APs in local mode cannot associate with the controller. The
workaround is to either ensure that the management interface has a globally valid IP address or ensure
that external NAT IP address is valid internally for the local APs.
The NAT parameters are supported for use only with one-to-one-mapping NAT, where each private client
has a direct and fixed mapping to a global address. The NAT parameters do not support one-to-many NAT,
which uses source port mapping to enable a group of clients to be represented by a single IP address.
Note
VLAN identifier
Note
Enter 0 for an untagged VLAN or a nonzero value for a tagged VLAN. We recommend using tagged
VLANs for the management interface.
For Cisco 5500 Series Controllers, the management interface acts like an AP-manager interface by default.
If desired, you can disable the management interface as an AP-manager interface and create another
dynamic interface as an AP manager.
Physical port assignment (for all controllers except the Cisco 2500 Series Controllers or Cisco 5500 Series Controller)
Primary and secondary DHCP servers
Access control list (ACL) setting, if required
Step 4
Step 5
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Enter the show interface detailed management command to view the current management interface settings.
Note
The management interface uses the controllers factory-set distribution system MAC address.
Step 2
Enter the config wlan disable wlan-number command to disable each WLAN that uses the management interface for
distribution system communication.
Enter these commands to define the management interface:
Step 3
Use the config interface quarantine vlan management vlan_id command to configure a quarantine
VLAN on the management interface.
Enter 0 for an untagged VLAN or a nonzero value for a tagged VLAN. We recommend using tagged
VLANs for the management interface.
config interface ap-manager management {enable | disable} (for Cisco 5500 Series Controllers only)
Note
Use the config interface ap-manager management {enable | disable} command to enable or disable
dynamic AP management for the management interface. For Cisco 5500 Series Controllers, the management
interface acts like an AP-manager interface by default. If desired, you can disable the management interface
as an AP-manager interface and create another dynamic interface as an AP manager.
config interface port management physical-ds-port-number (for all controllers except the 5500 series)
config interface dhcp management ip-address-of-primary-dhcp-server [ip-address-of-secondary-dhcp-server]
config interface acl management access-control-list-name
Step 4
Enter these commands if you want to be able to deploy your Cisco 5500 Series Controller behind a router or other gateway
device that is using one-to-one mapping network address translation (NAT):
config interface nat-address management {enable | disable}
config interface nat-address management set public_IP_address
NAT allows a device, such as a router, to act as an agent between the Internet (public) and a local network (private). In
this case, it maps the controllers intranet IP addresses to a corresponding external address. The controllers dynamic
AP-manager interface must be configured with the external NAT IP address so that the controller can send the correct
IP address in the Discovery Response.
Note
These commands are supported for use only with one-to-one-mapping NAT, where each private client has a
direct and fixed mapping to a global address. These commands do not support one-to-many NAT, which uses
source port mapping to enable a group of clients to be represented by a single IP address.
59
Step 5
Step 6
Enter the show interface detailed management command to verify that your changes have been saved.
Step 7
If you made any changes to the management interface, enter the reset system command to reboot the controller in order
for the changes to take effect.
Note
The controller does not support transmitting the jumbo frames. To avoid having the controller transmit
CAPWAP packets to the AP that will necessitate fragmentation and reassembly, reduce MTU/MSS on
the client side.
The AP-manager interface communicates through any distribution system port by listening across the Layer
3 network for access point CAPWAP or LWAPP join messages to associate and communicate with as many
lightweight access points as possible.
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Step 2
Step 3
Enter 0 for an untagged VLAN or a nonzero value for a tagged VLAN. We recommend using tagged
VLANs for the AP-manager interface.
Step 5
If you made any changes to the management or virtual interface, reboot the controller so that your changes take effect.
Step 1
Enter the show interface summary command to view the current interfaces.
Note
If the system is operating in Layer 2 mode, the AP-manager interface is not
listed.
Step 2
Enter the show interface detailed ap-manager command to view the current AP-manager interface settings.
Step 3
Enter the config wlan disable wlan-number command to disable each WLAN that uses the AP-manager interface for
distribution system communication.
Enter these commands to define the AP-manager interface:
Step 4
61
Note
Enter 0 for an untagged VLAN or a nonzero value for a tagged VLAN. We recommend using tagged
VLANs for the AP-manager interface.
Step 6
Enter the show interface detailed ap-manager command to verify that your changes have been saved.
Note
All controllers within a mobility group must be configured with the same virtual interface IP address.
Otherwise, inter-controller roaming may appear to work, but the handoff does not complete, and the client
loses connectivity for a period of time.
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Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
To ensure connectivity and web authentication, the DNS server should always point to the virtual interface.
If a DNS hostname is configured for the virtual interface, then the same DNS host name must be configured
on the DNS server(s) used by the client.
Enter the show interface detailed virtual command to view the current virtual interface settings.
Step 2
Enter the config wlan disable wlan-number command to disable each WLAN that uses the virtual interface for distribution
system communication.
Enter these commands to define the virtual interface:
Step 3
For ip-address, enter any fictitious, unassigned, and unused gateway IP address.
Enter the reset system command. At the confirmation prompt, enter Y to save your configuration changes to NVRAM.
The controller reboots.
Enter the show interface detailed virtual command to verify that your changes have been saved.
63
Step 2
Step 3
Click the service-port link to open the Interfaces > Edit page.
Enter the Service-Port Interface parameters:
Note
The service-port interface uses the controllers factory-set service-port MAC address.
DHCP protocol (enabled)
DHCP protocol (disabled) and IP address and IP netmask
Step 4
Step 5
If you made any changes to the management or virtual interface, reboot the controller so that your changes take effect.
Step 2
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The service port is used for out-of-band management of the controller. If the management workstation is in a remote
subnet, you may need to add a route on the controller in order to manage the controller from that remote workstation.
To do so, enter this command:
config route add network-ip-addr ip-netmask gateway
Step 4
Step 5
Enter the show interface detailed service-port command to verify that your changes have been saved.
Wireless Controllers
Maximum VLANs
512
16
16
65
Wireless Controllers
Maximum VLANs
512
512
4,096
4,096
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Enter an interface name and a VLAN identifier, as shown in the figure above.
Click Apply to commit your changes. The Interfaces > Edit page appears.
Configure the following parameters:
Guest LAN, if applicable
Quarantine and quarantine VLAN ID, if applicable
Note
Select the Quarantine check box if you want to configure this VLAN as unhealthy or you want to configure
network access control (NAC) out-of-band integration. Doing so causes the data traffic of any client that
is assigned to this VLAN to pass through the controller.
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Physical port assignment (for all controllers except the 5500 series)
NAT address (only for Cisco 5500 Series Controllers configured for dynamic AP management)
Note
Note
Select the Enable NAT Address check box and enter the external NAT IP address if you want to be able
to deploy your Cisco 5500 Series Controller behind a router or other gateway device that is using one-to-one
mapping network address translation (NAT). NAT allows a device, such as a router, to act as an agent
between the Internet (public) and a local network (private). In this case, it maps the controllers intranet
IP addresses to a corresponding external address. The controllers dynamic AP-manager interface must
be configured with the external NAT IP address so that the controller can send the correct IP address in
the Discovery Response.
The NAT parameters are supported for use only with one-to-one-mapping NAT, where each private client
has a direct and fixed mapping to a global address. The NAT parameters do not support one-to-many NAT,
which uses source port mapping to enable a group of clients to be represented by a single IP address.
Dynamic AP management
Note
Note
When you enable this feature, this dynamic interface is configured as an AP-manager interface (only one
AP-manager interface is allowed per physical port). A dynamic interface that is marked as an AP-manager
interface cannot be used as a WLAN interface.
Set the APs in a VLAN that is different than the dynamic interface configured on the controller. If the APs
are in the same VLAN as the dynamic interface, the APs are not registered on the controller and the
LWAPP discovery rejected and Layer 3 discovery request not received on management VLAN errors
are logged on the controller.
VLAN identifier
Fixed IP address, IP netmask, and default gateway
Primary and secondary DHCP servers
Access control list (ACL) name, if required
Note
Step 6
Step 7
To ensure proper operation, you must set the Port Number and Primary DHCP Server parameters.
Enter the show interface summary command to view the current dynamic interfaces.
Step 2
67
Step 3
Step 4
Enter the config wlan disable wlan_id command to disable each WLAN that uses the dynamic interface for distribution
system communication.
Enter these commands to configure dynamic interfaces:
config interface create operator_defined_interface_name {vlan_id | x}
config interface address operator_defined_interface_name ip_addr ip_netmask [gateway]
config interface vlan operator_defined_interface_name {vlan_id | o}
config interface port operator_defined_interface_name physical_ds_port_number
config interface ap-manager operator_defined_interface_name {enable | disable}
Note
Use the config interface quarantine vlan interface_name vlan_id command to configure a quarantine
VLAN on any interface.
Enter these commands if you want to be able to deploy your Cisco 5500 Series Controller behind a router or other gateway
device that is using one-to-one mapping network address translation (NAT):
config interface nat-address dynamic-interface operator_defined_interface_name {enable | disable}
config interface nat-address dynamic-interface operator_defined_interface_name set public_IP_address
NAT allows a device, such as a router, to act as an agent between the Internet (public) and a local network (private). In
this case, it maps the controllers intranet IP addresses to a corresponding external address. The controllers dynamic
AP-manager interface must be configured with the external NAT IP address so that the controller can send the correct
IP address in the Discovery Response.
Note
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
These commands are supported for use only with one-to-one-mapping NAT, whereby each private client has a
direct and fixed mapping to a global address. These commands do not support one-to-many NAT, which uses
source port mapping to enable a group of clients to be represented by a single IP address.
Enter the config wlan enable wlan_id command to reenable each WLAN that uses the dynamic interface for distribution
system communication.
Enter the save config command to save your changes.
Enter the show interface detailed operator_defined_interface_name command and show interface summary command
to verify that your changes have been saved.
Note
If desired, you can enter the config interface delete operator_defined_interface_name command to delete a
dynamic interface.
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Note
If link aggregation (LAG) is enabled, there can be only one AP-manager interface.
We recommend having a separate dynamic AP-manager interface per controller port.
69
Each controller port connection is an 802.1Q trunk and should be configured as such on the neighbor switch.
On Cisco switches, the native VLAN of an 802.1Q trunk is an untagged VLAN. If you configure an interface
to use the native VLAN on a neighboring Cisco switch, make sure you configure the interface on the controller
to be untagged.
Note
A zero value for the VLAN identifier (on the Controller > Interfaces page) means that the interface is
untagged.
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The default (untagged) native VLAN on Cisco switches is VLAN 1. When controller interfaces are configured
as tagged (meaning that the VLAN identifier is set to a nonzero value), the VLAN must be allowed on the
802.1Q trunk configuration on the neighbor switch and not be the native untagged VLAN.
We recommend that tagged VLANs be used on the controller. You should also allow only relevant VLANs
on the neighbor switchs 802.1Q trunk connections to controller ports. All other VLANs should be disallowed
or pruned in the switch port trunk configuration. This practice is extremely important for optimal performance
of the controller.
Note
We recommend that you assign one set of VLANs for WLANs and a different set of VLANs for
management interfaces to ensure that controllers properly route VLAN traffic.
Step 1
If the management and AP-manager interfaces are mapped to the same port and are members of the same VLAN,
you must disable the WLAN before making a port-mapping change to either interface. If the management and
AP-manager interfaces are assigned to different VLANs, you do not need to disable the WLAN.
Note
The number of parameters available on the Port > Configure page depends on your controller
type.
71
Some older Cisco access points do not draw PoE even if it is enabled on the controller port. In such cases,
contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC).
Note
When a primary port link goes down, messages may get logged internally only and not be posted to a syslog
server. It may take up to 40 seconds to restore logging to the syslog server.
2 Physical ModeDetermines whether the ports data rate is set automatically or specified by the user. The supported
data rates vary based on the controller type. Default: Auto.
3 Link TrapCauses the port to send a trap when the ports link status changes. Options: Enable or Disable Default:
Enable.
Step 2
Click Apply.
Step 3
Step 4
Click Back to return to the Ports page and review your changes.
Step 5
Repeat this procedure for each additional port that you want to configure.
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Step 2
Step 3
Click the number of the unused port for which you want to enable mirror mode. The Port > Configure page appears.
Set the Mirror Mode parameter to Enable.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 1
73
d)
e)
f)
g)
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Changing the Cisco USB Systems Management Console COM Port to an Unused
Port
Before You Begin
The USB driver is mapped to COM port 6. Some terminal emulation programs do not recognize a port higher
than COM 4. If necessary, you must change the Cisco USB systems management console COM port to an
unused port of COM 4 or lower.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
From the device list on the right side, double-click Ports (COM & LPT).
Step 4
Right-click Cisco USB System Management Console 0108 and choose Properties.
Step 5
Click the Port Settings tab and click the Advanced button.
Step 6
Step 7
From the COM Port Number drop-down list, choose an unused COM port of 4 or lower.
Click OK to save and then close the Advanced Settings dialog box.
Step 8
Click OK to save and then close the Communications Port Properties dialog box.
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With LAG, all of the controller ports need to connect to the same neighbor switch. If the neighbor switch
goes down, the controller loses connectivity.
With multiple AP-manager interfaces, you can connect your ports to different neighbor devices. If one
of the neighbor switches goes down, the controller still has connectivity. However, using multiple
AP-manager interfaces presents certain challenges when port redundancy is a concern.
Note
75
If the recommended load-balancing method cannot be configured on the Catalyst switch, then configure
the LAG connection as a single member link or disable LAG on the controller.
Figure 21: Link Aggregation with the Catalyst 6500 Series Neighbor Switch
You cannot configure the controllers ports into separate LAG groups. Only one LAG group is supported
per controller. Therefore, you can connect a controller in LAG mode to only one neighbor device.
When you enable LAG or make any changes to the LAG configuration, you must immediately reboot
the controller.
When you enable LAG, you can configure only one AP-manager interface because only one logical port
is needed. LAG removes the requirement for supporting multiple AP-manager interfaces.
When you enable LAG, all dynamic AP-manager interfaces and untagged interfaces are deleted, and all
WLANs are disabled and mapped to the management interface. Also, the management, static AP-manager,
and VLAN-tagged dynamic interfaces are moved to the LAG port.
Multiple untagged interfaces to the same port are not allowed.
When you enable LAG, you cannot create interfaces with a primary port other than 29.
When you enable LAG, all ports participate in LAG by default. You must configure LAG for all of the
connected ports in the neighbor switch.
When you enable LAG, if any single link goes down, traffic migrates to the other links.
When you enable LAG, only one functional physical port is needed for the controller to pass client
traffic.
When you enable LAG, access points remain connected to the controller until you reboot the controller,
which is needed to activate the LAG mode change, and data service for users continues uninterrupted.
When you enable LAG, you eliminate the need to configure primary and secondary ports for each
interface.
When you enable LAG, the controller sends packets out on the same port on which it received them. If
a CAPWAP packet from an access point enters the controller on physical port 1, the controller removes
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the CAPWAP wrapper, processes the packet, and forwards it to the network on physical port 1. This
may not be the case if you disable LAG.
When you disable LAG, the management, static AP-manager, and dynamic interfaces are moved to port
1.
When you disable LAG, you must configure primary and secondary ports for all interfaces.
When you disable LAG, you must assign an AP-manager interface to each port on the controller.
Otherwise, access points are unable to join.
Cisco 5500 Series Controllers support a single static link aggregation bundle.
LAG is typically configured using the Startup Wizard, but you can enable or disable it at any time through
either the GUI or CLI.
When you enable LAG on Cisco 2500 Series Controller to which the direct-connect access point is
associated, the direct connect access point is disconnected since LAG enabling is still in the transition
state. You must reboot the controller immediately after enabling LAG.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 2
Step 3
77
Note
Access points may not be distributed completely evenly across all of the AP-manager interfaces, but a
certain level of load balancing occurs.
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AP-manager interfaces do not need to be on the same VLAN or IP subnet, and they may or may not be
on the same VLAN or IP subnet as the management interface. However, we recommend that you configure
all AP-manager interfaces on the same VLAN or IP subnet.
You must assign an AP-manager interface to each port on the controller.
Before implementing multiple AP-manager interfaces, you should consider how they would impact your
controllers port redundancy.
If the port of one of the AP-manager interfaces fails, the controller clears the state of the access points, and
the access points must reboot to reestablish communication with the controller using the normal controller
join process. The controller no longer includes the failed AP-manager interface in the CAPWAP or LWAPP
discovery responses. The access points then rejoin the controller and are load balanced among the available
AP-manager interfaces.
Step 2
Click New.
The Interfaces > New page appears.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
To make this interface an AP-manager interface, select the Enable Dynamic AP Management check box.
Note
Only one AP-manager interface is allowed per physical port. A dynamic interface that is marked as an AP-manager
interface cannot be used as a WLAN interface.
Click Save Configuration to save your settings.
Step 8
Repeat this procedure for each additional AP-manager interface that you want to create.
79
Step 3
Step 4
Repeat this procedure for each additional AP-manager interface that you want to create.
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This figure shows a dynamic interface that is enabled as a dynamic AP-manager interface and associated to
port number 2.
Figure 22: Dynamic Interface Example with Dynamic AP Management
81
This figure shows a Cisco 5500 Series Controller with LAG disabled, the management interface used as one
dynamic AP-manager interface, and seven additional dynamic AP-manager interfaces, each mapped to a
different Gigabit port.
Figure 23: Cisco 5500 Series Controller Interface Configuration Example
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To remove an interface group, hover your mouse pointer over the blue drop-down icon and choose Remove.
Step 2
Step 3
83
Step 4
Click Add.
Step 2
Click the name of the interface group to which you want to add interfaces.
The Interface Groups > Edit page appears.
Step 3
Step 4
Choose the interface name that you want to add to this interface group from the Interface Name drop-down list.
Click Add Interface to add the interface to the Interface group.
Step 5
Repeat Steps 2 and 3 if you want to add multiple interfaces to this interface group.
Note
To remove an interface from the interface group, hover your mouse pointer over the blue drop-down arrow and
choose Remove.
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Step 2
Step 3
Click the WLAN ID of the WLAN to which you want to add the interface group.
In the General tab, choose the interface group from the Interface/Interface Group (G) drop-down list.
Step 4
Click Apply.
Note
Suppose that the interface group that you add to a WLAN has RADIUS Server Overwrite interface enabled. In
this case, when a client requests for authentication, the controller selects the first IP address from the interface
group as the RADIUS server.
85
Choose WLANs > WLAN ID. The WLAN > Edit page appears.
In the General tab, select the Multicast VLAN feature check box to enable multicast VLAN for the WLAN.
The Multicast Interface drop-down list appears.
Step 3
Step 4
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CHAPTER
87
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89
Note
If you skip any tiers when upgrading (for example, if you do not install the -25U and -50U licenses along
with the -100U), the license registration for the upgraded capacity fails.
For a single controller, you can order different upgrade licenses in one transaction (for example, -25U, -50U,
-100U, and -250U), for which you receive one PAK with one license. Then you have only one license (instead
of four) to install on your controller.
If you have multiple controllers and want to upgrade all of them, you can order multiple quantities of each
upgrade license in one transaction (for example, you can order 10 each of the -25U, -50U, -100U, and -250
upgrade licenses), for which you receive one PAK with one license. You can continue to register the PAK
for multiple controllers until it is exhausted.
For more information about the base license SKUs and capacity adder licenses, see the respective controllers
data sheet.
Step 1
Order the PAK certificate for an upgrade license through your Cisco channel partner or your Cisco sales representative,
or order it online at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/go/ordering
Step 2
If you are ordering online, begin by choosing the primary upgrade SKU L-LIC-CT5508-UPG or LIC CT5508-UPG.
Then, choose any number of the following options to upgrade one or more controllers under one PAK. After you receive
the certificate, use one of the following methods to register the PAK:
Cisco License Manager (CLM)This method automates the process of obtaining licenses and deploying them
on Cisco devices. For deployments with more than five controllers, we recommend using CLM to register PAKs
and install licenses. You can also use CLM to rehost or RMA a license.
Note
Note
You cannot use CLM to change the licensed feature set or activate an ap-count evaluation license. To
perform these operations, you must follow the instructions in the Activating an AP-Count Evaluation
License section. Because you can use CLM to perform all other license operations, you can disregard the
remaining licensing information in this chapter except these two sections and the Configuring the License
Agent section if you want your controller to use HTTP to communicate with CLM.
You can download the CLM software and access user documentation at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/
go/clm
Licensing portalThis alternative method enables you to manually obtain and install licenses on your controller.
If you want to use the licensing portal to register the PAK, follow the instructions in Step 3.
Step 3
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PID
SN
------------------- --------------AIR-CT5508-K9
CW1308L030
UDI
----------------------AIR-CT5508-K9:FCW1308L030
e) On the Designate Licensee page, enter the product ID and serial number of the controller on which you plan to install
the license, read and accept the conditions of the end-user license agreement (EULA), complete the rest of the text
boxes on this page, and click Submit.
f) On the Finish and Submit page, verify that all information is correct and click Submit.
g) When a message appears indicating that the registration is complete, click Download License. The license is e-mailed
within 1 hour to the address that you specified.
h) When the e-mail arrives, follow the instructions provided.
i) Copy the license file to your TFTP server.
Installing a License
Installing a License (GUI)
Step 1
Choose Management > Software Activation > Commands to open the License Commands page.
Step 2
From the Action drop-down list, choose Install License. The Install License from a File section appears.
Step 3
Step 4
In the File Name to Install text box, enter the path to the license (*.lic) on the TFTP server.
Click Install License. A message appears to show whether the license was installed successfully. If the installation fails,
the message provides the reason for the failure, such as the license is an existing license, the path was not found, the
license does not belong to this device, you do not have correct permissions for the license, and so on.
If the end-user license agreement (EULA) acceptance dialog box appears, read the agreement and click Accept to accept
the terms of the agreement.
Note
Typically, you are prompted to accept the EULA for evaluation, extension, and rehost licenses. The EULA is
also required for permanent licenses, but it is accepted during license generation.
Save a backup copy of all installed licenses as follows:
a) From the Action drop-down list, choose Save License.
b) In the File Name to Save text box, enter the path on the TFTP server where you want the licenses to be saved.
Note
You cannot save evaluation
licenses.
c) Click Save Licenses.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
91
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Add comments to a license or delete comments from a license by entering this command:
license comment {add | delete} license_name comment_string
Step 4
Step 5
Viewing Licenses
Viewing Licenses (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Management > Software Activation > Licenses to open the Licenses page.
This page lists all of the licenses installed on the controller. For each license, it shows the license type, expiration, count
(the maximum number of access points allowed for this license), priority (low, medium, or high), and status (in use, not
in use, inactive, or EULA not accepted).
Note
Controller platforms do not support the status of grace period or extension as a license type. The license
status will always show evaluation even if a grace period or an extension evaluation license is installed.
Note
If you ever want to remove a license from the controller, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for
the license and click Remove. For example, you might want to delete an expired evaluation license or any
unused license. You cannot delete unexpired evaluation licenses, the permanent base image license, or licenses
that are in use by the controller.
Click the link for the desired license to view more details for a particular license. The License Detail page appears.
This page shows the following additional information for the license:
The license type (permanent, evaluation, or extension)
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If you want to enter a comment for this license, type it in the Comment text box and click Apply.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
93
Note
The Operating Environment and Internal Temp Alarm Limits data are not displayed for
Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controllers.
See a brief summary of all active licenses installed on the controller by entering this command:
show license summary
Information similar to the following appears:
Index 1 Feature: wplus
Period left: 0 minute 0 second
Index 2 Feature: wplus-ap-count
Period left: 0 minute 0 second
Index3
Feature: base
Period left: Life time
License Type: Permanent
License State: Active, In Use
License Count: Non-Counted
License Priority: Medium
Index 4 Feature: base-ap-count
Period left: 6 weeks, 4 days
License Type: Evaluation
License State: Active, In Use
License Count: 250/250/0
License Priority: High
See all of the licenses installed on the controller by entering this command:
show license all
Information similar to the following appears:
License Store: Primary License Storage
StoreIndex: 1 Feature: base
Version: 1.0
License Type: Permanent
License State: Active, Not in Use
License Count: Non-Counted
License Priority: Medium
StoreIndex: 3 Feature: base-ap-count
Version: 1.0
License Type: Evaluation
License State: Active, In Use
Evaluation total period: 8 weeks 4 days
Evaluation period left: 8 weeks 3 days
License Count: 250/0/0
License Priority: High
1
Feature: base-ap-count
Version: 1.0
License Type: Permanent
License State: Active, Not in Use
License Count: 12/0/0
License Priority: Medium
Store Index: 0
Store Name: Primary License Storage
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Index:
2
Feature: base-ap-count
Version: 1.0
License Type: Evaluation
License State: Inactive
Evaluation total period: 8 weeks 4 days
Evaluation period left: 8 weeks 4 days
License Count: 250/0/0
License Priority: Low
Store Index: 3
Store Name: Evaluation License Storage
See all expiring, evaluation, permanent, or in-use licenses by entering this command:
show license {expiring | evaluation | permanent | in-use}
Information similar to the following appears for the show license in-use command:
StoreIndex: 2
License
License
License
License
StoreIndex: 3
License
License
License
Note
Feature: base-ap-count
Version: 1.0
Type: Permanent
State: Active, In Use
Count: 12/12/0
Priority: Medium
Feature: base Version: 1.0
Type: Permanent
State: Active, In Use
Count: Non-Counted License Priority: Medium
Controller platforms do not support the status of grace period or extension as a license
type. The license status will always show evaluation even if a grace period or an
extension evaluation license is installed.
See the maximum number of access points allowed for this license on the controller, the number of
access points currently joined to the controller, and the number of access points that can still join the
controller by entering this command:
show license capacity
Information similar to the following appears:
Licensed Feature
---------------AP Count
Max Count
--------250
Current Count
------------4
Remaining Count
--------------246
See statistics for all licenses on the controller by entering this command:
show license statistics
See a summary of license-enabled features by entering this command:
show license feature
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Note
To prevent disruptions in operation, the controller does not switch licenses when an evaluation license
expires. You must reboot the controller in order to return to a permanent license. Following a reboot, the
controller defaults to the same feature set level as the expired evaluation license. If no permanent license
at the same feature set level is installed, the controller uses a permanent license at another level or an
unexpired evaluation license.
Step 1
Choose Management > Software Activation > Licenses to open the Licenses page.
The Status column shows which licenses are currently in use, and the Priority column shows the current priority of each
license.
Step 2
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g) Click Licenses to open the Licenses page and verify that the ap-count evaluation license now has a high priority and
is in use. You can use the evaluation license until it expires.
Step 3
If you decide to stop using the ap-count evaluation license and want to revert to using an ap-count permanent license,
follow these steps:
a) On the Licenses page, click the link for the ap-count evaluation license that is in use.
b) Choose Low from the Priority drop-down list and click Set Priority.
Note
You can set the priority only for ap-count evaluation licenses. AP-count permanent licenses always have a
medium priority, which cannot be configured.
c) Click OK when prompted to confirm your decision about changing the priority of the license.
d) When the EULA appears, read the terms of the agreement and then click Accept.
e) When prompted to reboot the controller, click OK.
f) Reboot the controller in order for the priority change to take effect.
g) Click Licenses to open the Licenses page and verify that the ap-count evaluation license now has a low priority and
is not in use. Instead, the ap-count permanent license should be in use.
Step 1
See the current status of all the licenses on your controller by entering this command:
show license all
Information similar to the following appears:
License Store: Primary License Storage
StoreIndex: 0 Feature: base-ap-count
Version: 1.0
License Type: Permanent
License State: Active, In Use
License Count: 12/0/0
License Priority: Medium
StoreIndex: 1 Feature: base
Version: 1.0
License Type: Permanent
License State: Active, In Use
License Count: Non-Counted
License Priority: Medium
StoreIndex: 2 Feature: base
Version: 1.0
License Type: Evaluation
License State: Inactive
Evaluation total period: 8 weeks 4 days
Evaluation period left: 8 weeks 4 days
License Count: Non-Counted
License Priority: Low
StoreIndex: 3 Feature: base-ap-count
Version: 1.0
License Type: Evaluation
License State: Inactive
Evaluation total period: 8 weeks 4 days
Evaluation period left: 8 weeks 4 days
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The License State text box shows the licenses that are in use, and the License Priority text box shows the current priority
of each license.
In the 7.2.110.0 release, the command output displays the full in-use count for active base-ap-count license even
though there are no APs connected.
Activate an ap-count evaluation license as follows:
a) Raise the priority of the base-ap-count evaluation license by entering this command:
license modify priority license_name high
Note
Step 2
You can set the priority only for ap-count evaluation licenses. AP-count permanent licenses always have a
medium priority, which cannot be configured.
b) Reboot the controller in order for the priority change to take effect by entering this command:
reset system
Note
c) Verify that the ap-count evaluation license now has a high priority and is in use by entering this command:
show license all
You can use the evaluation license until it expires.
Step 3
If you decide to stop using the ap-count evaluation license and want to revert to using an ap-count permanent license,
follow these steps:
a) Lower the priority of the ap-count evaluation license by entering this command:
license modify priority license_name low
b) Reboot the controller in order for the priority change to take effect by entering this command:
reset system
c) Verify that the ap-count evaluation license now has a low priority and is not in use by entering this command:
show license all
Instead, the ap-count permanent license should be in use.
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Adder licensesThese licenses are wireless access point count licenses that you can activate by accepting
the RTU EULA. The EULA states that you are obliged to purchase the specified access point count
licenses at the time of activation. You must activate these licenses for the purchased access points count
and accept the EULA.
You can remove an adder license from one controller and transfer the license to another controller in
the same product family. For example, an adder license such as LIC-CT7500-100A can be transferred
(partially or fully) from one Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controller to another Cisco Flex 7500 Series
Controller.
Note
Evaluation licensesThese licenses are demo or trial mode licenses that are valid for 90 days. Fifteen
days prior to the expiry of the 90-day period, you are notified about the requirement to buy the permanent
license. These evaluation licenses are installed with the license image. You can activate the evaluation
licenses anytime with a command. A EULA is prompted after you run the activation command on the
controller CLI. The EULA states that you are obligated to pay for the specified license count within 90
days of usage. The countdown starts after you accept the EULA.
Whenever you add or delete an access point adder license on the controller, you are prompted with an RTU
EULA. You can either accept or decline the RTU EULA for each add or delete operation.
For high-availability (HA) controllers when you enable HA, the controllers synchronize with the enabled
license count of the primary controller and support high availability for up to the license count enabled on the
primary controller.
You can view the RTU licenses through the controller GUI or CLI. You can also view these licenses across
multiple wireless controllers through Cisco Prime Infrastructure.
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Management > Software Activation > Licenses to open the Licenses page.
In the Adder License area, choose to add or delete the number of APs that an AP license can support, enter a value, and
click Set Count.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 3
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Note
When you activate the license, you are prompted to accept or reject the End User License
Agreement (EULA) for the given license. If you activate a license that supports fewer
number of APs than the current number of APs connected to the controller, the activation
command fails.
Rehosting Licenses
This section describes how to rehost licenses.
Note
Note
Starting in the release 7.3, the Right-to-Use licensing is supported on the Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controllers,
thereby the rehosting behavior changes on these controllers. If you require to rehost licenses, you need to
plan rehosting the installed adder licenses prior to an upgrade.
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Rehosting a License
Rehosting a License (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose Management > Software Activation > Commands to open the License Commands page.
From the Action drop-down list, choose Rehost. The Revoke a License from the Device and Generate Rehost Ticket
area appears.
In the File Name to Save Credentials text box, enter the path on the TFTP server where you want the device credentials
to be saved and click Save Credentials.
To obtain a permission ticket to revoke the license, follow these steps:
a) Click Cisco Licensing (https://tools.cisco.com/SWIFT/Licensing/PrivateRegistrationServlet).
b) On the Product License Registration page, click Look Up a License under Manage Licenses.
c) Enter the product ID and serial number for your controller.
Note
To find the controllers product ID and serial number, choose Controller > Inventory on the controller
GUI.
d) Open the device credential information file that you saved in Step 3 and copy and paste the contents of the file into
the Device Credentials text box.
e) Enter the security code in the blank box and click Continue.
f) Choose the licenses that you want to revoke from this controller and click Start License Transfer.
g) On the Rehost Quantities page, enter the number of licenses that you want to revoke in the To Rehost text box and
click Continue.
h) On the Designate Licensee page, enter the product ID and serial number of the controller for which you plan to revoke
the license, read and accept the conditions of the End User License Agreement (EULA), complete the rest of the text
boxes on this page, and click Continue.
i) On the Review and Submit page, verify that all information is correct and click Submit.
j) When a message appears indicating that the registration is complete, click Download Permission Ticket. The rehost
permission ticket is e-mailed within 1 hour to the address that you specified.
k) After the e-mail arrives, copy the rehost permission ticket to your TFTP server.
Step 5
Use the rehost permission ticket to revoke the license from this controller and generate a rehost ticket as follows:
a) In the Enter Saved Permission Ticket File Name text box, enter the TFTP path and filename (*.lic) for the rehost
permission ticket that you generated in Step 4.
b) In the Rehost Ticket File Name text box, enter the TFTP path and filename (*.lic) for the ticket that will be used to
rehost this license on another controller.
c) Click Generate Rehost Ticket.
d) When the End User License Agreement (EULA) acceptance dialog box appears, read the agreement and click Accept
to accept the terms of the agreement.
Step 6
Use the rehost ticket generated in Step 5 to obtain a license installation file, which can then be installed on another
controller as follows:
a) Click Cisco Licensing.
b) On the Product License Registration page, click Upload Rehost Ticket under Manage Licenses.
c) On the Upload Ticket page, enter the rehost ticket that you generated in Step 5 in the Enter Rehost Ticket text box
and click Continue.
101
d) On the Validate Features page, verify that the license information for your controller is correct, enter the rehost
quantity, and click Continue.
e) On the Designate Licensee page, enter the product ID and serial number of the controller on which you plan to use
the license, read and accept the conditions of the End User License Agreement (EULA), complete the rest of the text
boxes on this page, and click Continue.
f) On the Review and Submit page, verify that all information is correct and click Submit.
g) When a message appears indicating that the registration is complete, click Download License. The rehost license
key is e-mailed within 1 hour to the address that you specified.
h) After the e-mail arrives, copy the rehost license key to your TFTP server.
i) Follow the instructions in the Installing a License section to install this on another controller.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Use the rehost permission ticket to revoke the license from this controller and generate a rehost ticket as follows:
a) Revoke the license from the controller by entering this command:
license revoke permission_ticket_url
where permission_ticket_url is tftp://server_ip/path/filename.
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Use the rehost ticket generated in Step 3 to obtain a license installation file, which can then be installed on another
controller as follows:
a) Go to https://tools.cisco.com/SWIFT/Licensing/PrivateRegistrationServlet.
b) On the Product License Registration page, click Upload Rehost Ticket under Manage Licenses.
c) On the Upload Ticket page, enter the rehost ticket that you generated in Step 3 in the Enter Rehost Ticket text box
and click Continue.
d) On the Validate Features page, verify that the license information for your controller is correct, enter the rehost
quantity, and click Continue.
e) On the Designate Licensee page, enter the product ID and serial number of the controller on which you plan to use
the license, read and accept the conditions of the End-User License Agreement (EULA), complete the rest of the text
boxes on this page, and click Continue.
f) On the Review and Submit page, verify that all information is correct and click Submit.
g) When a message appears indicating that the registration is complete, click Download License. The rehost license
key is e-mailed within 1 hour to the address that you specified.
h) After the e-mail arrives, copy the rehost license key to your TFTP server.
i) Follow the instructions in the Installing a License (GUI), on page 91 section to install this license on another
controller.
103
Note
The evaluation licenses on the replacement controller are designed for temporary use and expire after 60
days. To prevent disruptions in operation, the controller does not switch licenses when an evaluation
license expires. You must reboot the controller in order to return to a permanent license. If the evaluation
licenses expire before you transfer the permanent licenses from your defective controller to your replacement
controller, the replacement controller remains up and running using the permanent base license, but access
points are no longer able to join the controller.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Browse to http://cisco.com/go/license.
On the Product License Registration page, choose Transfer > License for RMA.
Click Specify Device and then choose the controller model from the Product Family drop-down list.
Complete the on-screen instructions to generate the license file.
The license is provided online or in an e-mail.
Step 5
Step 6
Note
You can download the CLM software and access user documentation at http://www.cisco.com/go/clm.
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Choose Management > Software Activation > License Agent to open the License Agent Configuration page.
Select the Enable Default Authentication check box to enable the license agent, or leave it unselected to disable this
feature. The default value is unselected.
In the Maximum Number of Sessions text box, enter the maximum number of sessions for the license agent. The valid
range is 1 to 25 sessions (inclusive).
Configure the license agent to listen for requests from the CLM as follows:
a) Select the Enable Listener check box to enable the license agent to receive license requests from the CLM, or unselect
this check box to disable this feature. The default value is unselected.
b) In the Listener Message Processing URL text box, enter the URL where the license agent receives license requests
(for example, http://209.165.201.30/licenseAgent/custom). The Protocol parameter indicates whether the URL requires
HTTP or HTTPS.
Note
You can specify the protocol to use on the HTTP Configuration
page.
c) Select the Enable Authentication for Listener check box to enable authentication for the license agent when it is
receiving license requests, or unselect this check box to disable this feature. The default value is unselected.
d) In the Max HTTP Message Size text box, enter the maximum size for license requests. The valid range is 0 to 9999
bytes, and the default value is 0.
Step 5
Configure the license agent to send license notifications to the CLM as follows:
a) Select the Enable Notification check box to enable the license agent to send license notifications to the CLM, or
unselect this check box to disable this feature. The default value is unselected.
b) In the URL to Send the Notifications text box, enter the URL where the license agent sends the notifications (for
example, http://www.cisco.com/license/notify).
c) In the User Name text box, enter the username required in order to view the notification messages at this URL.
d) In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter the password required in order to view the notification
messages at this URL.
Step 6
Step 7
To disable the license agent default listener, enter the config license agent default disable command.
The default value is disabled.
105
Step 2
Specify the maximum number of sessions for the license agent by entering this command:
config license agent max-sessions sessions
The valid range for the sessions parameter is 1 to 25 (inclusive), and the default value is 9.
Step 3
Enable the license agent to receive license requests from the CLM and to specify the URL where the license agent receives
the requests by entering this command:
config license agent listener http {plaintext | encrypt} url authenticate [none] [max-message size] [acl acl]
The valid range for the size parameter is 0 to 65535 bytes, and the default value is 0.
Note
Step 4
To prevent the license agent from receiving license requests from the CLM, enter the config license agent
listener http disable command. The default value is disabled.
Configure the license agent to send license notifications to the CLM and to specify the URL where the license agent
sends the notifications by entering this command:
config license agent notify url username password
Note
To prevent the license agent from sending license notifications to the CLM, enter the config license agent notify
disable username password command. The default value is disabled.
Step 5
Step 6
See statistics for the license agents counters or sessions by entering this command:
show license agent {counters | sessions}
Information similar to the following appears for the show license agent counters command:
License Agent Counters
Request Messages Received:10: Messages with Errors:1
Request Operations Received:9: Operations with Errors:0
Notification Messages Sent:12: Transmission Errors:0: Soap Errors:0
Information similar to the following appears for the show license agent sessions command:
License Agent Sessions: 1 open, maximum is 9
Note
To clear the license agents counter or session statistics, enter the clear license agent {counters | sessions}
command.
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Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Network to open the Global Parameters page.
Step 2
Select the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network Status check box to enable the 802.11a or 802.11b/g band. To disable the
band, unselect the check box. The default value is enabled. You can enable both the 802.11a and 802.11b/g bands.
Step 3
If you enabled the 802.11b/g band in Step 2, select the 802.11g Support check box if you want to enable 802.11g network
support. The default value is enabled. If you disable this feature, the 802.11b band is enabled without 802.11g support.
Specify the period at which the SSID is broadcast by the access point by entering a value between 20 and 1000 milliseconds
(inclusive) in the Beacon Period text box. The default value is 100 milliseconds.
Note
The beacon period in controllers is listed in terms of milliseconds. The beacon period can also be measured in
time units, where one time unit equals 1024 microseconds or 102.4 milliseconds. If a beacon interval is listed
as 100 milliseconds in a controller, it is only a rounded off value for 102.4 milliseconds. Due to hardware
limitation in certain radios, even though the beacon interval is, say 100 time units, it is adjusted to 102 time
units, which roughly equals 104.448 milliseconds. When the beacon period is to be represented in terms of time
units, the value is adjusted to the nearest multiple of 17.
Specify the size at which packets are fragmented by entering a value between 256 and 2346 bytes (inclusive) in the
Fragmentation Threshold text box. Enter a low number for areas where communication is poor or where there is a great
deal of radio interference.
Make access points advertise their channel and transmit power level in beacons and probe responses for CCX clients.
Select the DTPC Support check box. Otherwise, unselect this check box. The default value is enabled.
Client devices using dynamic transmit power control (DTPC) receive the channel and power level information from the
access points and adjust their settings automatically. For example, a client device used primarily in Japan could rely on
DTPC to adjust its channel and power settings automatically when it travels to Italy and joins a network there.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
On access points that run Cisco IOS software, this feature is called world
mode.
Note
DTPC and 801.11h power constraint cannot be enabled
simultaneously.
Specify the maximum allowed clients by entering a value between 1 to 200 in the Maximum Allowed Client text box.
The default value is 200.
Use the Data Rates options to specify the rates at which data can be transmitted between the access point and the client.
These data rates are available:
Note
Step 7
Step 8
107
Step 9
Click Apply.
Step 10
Step 2
Step 3
The 802.11a band must be disabled before you can configure the 802.11a network parameters in this section.
The 802.11b band must be disabled before you can configure the 802.11b network parameters in this section.
Specify the rate at which the SSID is broadcast by the access point by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} beaconperiod time_unit
where time_unit is the beacon interval in time units (TUs). One TU is 1024 microseconds. You can configure the access
point to send a beacon every 20 to 1000 milliseconds.
Step 4
Specify the size at which packets are fragmented by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} fragmentation threshold
where threshold is a value between 256 and 2346 bytes (inclusive). Specify a low number for areas where communication
is poor or where there is a great deal of radio interference.
Step 5
Make access points advertise their channel and transmit power level in beacons and probe responses by entering this
command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b } dtpc {enable | disable}
The default value is enabled. Client devices using dynamic transmit power control (DTPC) receive the channel and
power level information from the access points and adjust their settings automatically. For example, a client device used
primarily in Japan could rely on DTPC to adjust its channel and power settings automatically when it travels to Italy and
joins a network there.
On access points that run Cisco IOS software, this feature is called world
mode.
Specify the maximum allowed clients that can be configured by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} max-clients max_allow_clients
Note
Step 6
Specify the rates at which data can be transmitted between the controller and the client by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} rate {disabled | mandatory | supported} rate
where
disabledClients specify the data rates used for communication.
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mandatoryClients support this data rate in order to associate to an access point on the controller.
supportedAny associated clients that support this data rate may communicate with the access point using that
rate. However, the clients are not required to be able to use this rate in order to associate.
rateThe rate at which data is transmitted:
6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps (802.11a)
1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, or 54 Mbps (802.11b/g)
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
View the configuration settings for the 802.11a or 802.11b/g band by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b}
Information similar to the following appears:
802.11a Network............................... Enabled
11nSupport.................................... Enabled
802.11a Low Band........................... Enabled
802.11a Mid Band........................... Enabled
802.11a High Band.......................... Enabled
802.11a Operational Rates
802.11a 6M Rate.............................. Mandatory
802.11a 9M Rate.............................. Supported
802.11a 12M Rate............................. Mandatory
802.11a 18M Rate............................. Supported
802.11a 24M Rate............................. Mandatory
802.11a 36M Rate............................. Supported
802.11a 48M Rate............................. Supported
802.11a 54M Rate............................. Supported
...
Beacon Interval.................................. 100
...
Default Channel............................... 36
Default Tx Power Level........................ 1
DTPC Status................................... Enabled
Fragmentation Threshold....................... 2346
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Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > High Throughput to open the (5 GHz or 2.4 GHz) High Throughput
page.
Select the 11n Mode check box to enable 802.11n support on the network. The default value is enabled.
Select the check boxes of the desired rates to specify the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) rates at which data can
be transmitted between the access point and the client. These data rates, which are calculated for a 20-MHz channel
width using a short guard interval, are available:
0 (7 Mbps)
1 (14 Mbps)
2 (21 Mbps)
3 (29 Mbps)
4 (43 Mbps)
5 (58 Mbps)
6 (65 Mbps)
7 (72 Mbps)
8 (14 Mbps)
9 (29 Mbps)
10 (43 Mbps)
11 (58 Mbps)
12 (87 Mbps)
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13 (116 Mbps)
14 (130 Mbps)
15 (144 Mbps)
Any associated clients that support the selected rates may communicate with the access point using those rates.
However, the clients are not required to be able to use this rate in order to associate. The MCS settings determine
the number of spatial streams, the modulation, the coding rate, and the data rate values that are used.
Step 4
Click Apply.
Step 5
Use the 802.11n data rates that you configured by enabling WMM on the WLAN as follows:
a) Choose WLANs to open the WLANs page.
b) Click the ID number of the WLAN for which you want to configure WMM mode.
c) When the WLANs > Edit page appears, choose the QoS tab to open the WLANs > Edit (Qos) page.
d) From the WMM Policy drop-down list, choose Required or Allowed to require or allow client devices to use WMM.
Devices that do not support WMM cannot join the WLAN.
If you choose Allowed, devices that cannot support WMM can join the WLAN but will not benefit from the 802.11n
rates.
e) Click Apply.
Step 6
111
Aggregation is the process of grouping packet data frames together rather than transmitting them
separately. Two aggregation methods are available: Aggregated MAC Protocol Data Unit (A-MPDU)
and Aggregated MAC Service Data Unit (A-MSDU). A-MSDU is performed in hardware and
therefore is the default method.
You can specify the aggregation method for various types of traffic from the access point to the
clients. This table defines the priority levels (0-7) assigned per traffic type.
Table 4: Traffic Type Priority Levels
User Priority
Traffic Type
Best effort
Background
Spare
Excellent effort
Controlled load
Network control
You can configure each priority level independently, or you can use the all parameter to configure
all of the priority levels at once. When you use the enable command, the traffic associated with that
priority level uses A-MPDU transmission. When you use the disable command, the traffic associated
with that priority level uses A-MSDU transmission. Configure the priority levels to match the
aggregation method used by the clients. By default, A-MPDU is enabled for priority level 0, 4 and
5 and the rest are disabled. By default, A-MSDU is enabled for all priorities except 6 and 7.
c) Reenable the network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} enable network
Configure the 802.11n-5 GHz A-MPDU transmit aggregation scheduler by entering this command:
config 802.11{a | b} 11nsupport a-mpdu tx scheduler {enable | disable | timeout rt timeout-value}
The timeout value is in milliseconds. The valid range is between 1 millisecond to 1000 milliseconds.
Configure the guard interval for the network by entering this command:
config 802.11{a | b} 11nsupport guard_interval {any | long}
Configure the Reduced Interframe Space (RIFS) for the network by entering this command:
config 802.11{a | b} 11nsupport rifs rx {enable | disable}
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
View the configuration settings for the 802.11 networks by entering this command:
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Additional References
For information about configuring radio resource management (RRM) parameters or statically assigning radio
parameters for 802.11n access points, see Configuring Radio Resource Management, on page 695
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n > DFS (802.11h) to open the 802.11h Global Parameters page.
In the Power Constraint area, enter the local power constraint. The valid range is between 0 dBm and 30 dBm.
In the Channel Switch Announcement area, select the Channel Announcement check box if you want the access point
to announce when it is switching to a new channel and the new channel number, or unselect this check box to disable
the channel announcement. The default value is disabled.
If you enabled the channel announcement, the Channel Quiet Mode check box appears. Select this check box if you
want the access point to stop transmitting on the current channel, or unselect this check box to disable quiet mode. The
default value is disabled.
Click Apply.
Reenable the 802.11a band as follows:
a) Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n > Network to open the 802.11a Global Parameters page.
b) Select the 802.11a Network Status check box.
c) Click Apply.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
113
Step 2
Enable or disable an access point to announce when it is switching to a new channel, and the new channel number by
entering this command:
config 802.11h channelswitch {enable | disable} switch_mode
Enter either 0 or 1 for the switch_mode parameter to specify whether transmissions are restricted until the actual channel
switch (0), or are not restricted (1). By default, this feature is in disabled state.
Step 3
Configure a new channel using the 802.11h channel announcement by entering this command:
config 802.11h setchannel channel channel
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
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The ability to disable DHCP proxy allows organizations to use DHCP servers that do not support Ciscos
native proxy mode of operation. It should be disabled only when required by the existing infrastructure.
Note
Step 1
Choose Controller > Advanced > DHCP to open the DHCP Parameters page.
Step 2
Step 3
Select the Enable DHCP Proxy check box to enable DHCP proxy on a global basis. Otherwise, unselect the check box.
The default value is selected.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 4
Step 1
Step 2
115
Step 1
Choose Controller > Advanced > DHCP to open the DHCP Parameters page.
Step 2
Step 3
Select the DHCP Timeout (5 - 120 seconds) check box to enable a DHCP timeout on a global basis. Otherwise, unselect
the check box. The valid range is 5 through 120 seconds.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 4
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
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Step 5
Click Apply.
Step 1
Step 2
If you ever need to change the password for an existing username, enter the config mgmtuser password
username new_password command.
Restoring Passwords
Before You Begin
Ensure that you are accessing the controller CLI through the console port.
Step 1
After the controller boots up, enter Restore-Password at the User prompt.
Note
For security reasons, the text that you enter does not appear on the controller console.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
117
Configuring SNMP
Configuring SNMP (CLI)
Note
To view the controller trap log, choose Monitor and click View All under Most Recent Traps on the
controller GUI.
Create an SNMP community name by entering this command:
config snmp community create name
Delete an SNMP community name by entering this command:
config snmp community delete name
Configure an SNMP community name with read-only privileges by entering this command:
config snmp community accessmode ro name
Configure an SNMP community name with read-write privileges by entering this command:
config snmp community accessmode rw name
Configure an IP address and subnet mask for an SNMP community by entering this command:
config snmp community ipaddr ip-address ip-mask name
Note
This command behaves like an SNMP access list. It specifies the IP address from which the device accepts
SNMP packets with the associated community. An AND operation is performed between the requesting
entitys IP address and the subnet mask before being compared to the IP address. If the subnet mask is set
to 0.0.0.0, an IP address of 0.0.0.0 matches to all IP addresses. The default value is 0.0.0.0.
Note
The controller can use only one IP address range to manage an SNMP community.
Enable or disable a community name by entering this command:
config snmp community mode {enable | disable}
Configure a destination for a trap by entering this command:
config snmp trapreceiver create name ip-address
Delete a trap by entering this command:
config snmp trapreceiver delete name
Change the destination for a trap by entering this command:
config snmp trapreceiver ipaddr old-ip-address name new-ip-address
Enable or disable the traps by entering this command:
config snmp trapreceiver mode {enable | disable}
Configure the name of the SNMP contact by entering this command:
config snmp syscontact syscontact-name
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Note
119
Step 1
Choose Management and then Communities under SNMP. The SNMP v1 / v2c Community page appears.
Step 2
If public or private appears in the Community Name column, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for
the desired community and choose Remove to delete this community.
Step 3
Click New to create a new community. The SNMP v1 / v2c Community > New page appears.
Step 4
Step 6
In the Community Name text box, enter a unique name containing up to 16 alphanumeric characters. Do not enter public
or private.
In the next two text boxes, enter the IP address from which this device accepts SNMP packets with the associated
community and the IP mask.
Choose Read Only or Read/Write from the Access Mode drop-down list to specify the access level for this community.
Step 7
Choose Enable or Disable from the Status drop-down list to specify the status of this community.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Repeat this procedure if a public or private community still appears on the SNMP v1 / v2c Community page.
Step 5
Step 1
See the current list of SNMP communities for this controller by entering this command:
show snmp community
Step 2
If "public" or "private" appears in the SNMP Community Name column, enter this command to delete this community:
config snmp community delete name
The name parameter is the community name (in this case, public or private).
Step 3
Step 4
Enter the IP address from which this device accepts SNMP packets with the associated community by entering this
command:
config snmp community ipaddr ip_address ip_mask name
Step 5
Specify the access level for this community by entering this command, where ro is read-only mode and rw is read/write
mode:
config snmp community accessmode {ro | rw} name
Step 6
Step 7
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Step 8
Repeat this procedure if you still need to change the default values for a public or private community string.
Note
SNMP v3 is time sensitive. Ensure that you configure the correct time and time zone on your controller.
Choose Management > SNMP > SNMP V3 Users to open the SNMP V3 Users page.
Step 2
If default appears in the User Name column, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired user and
choose Remove to delete this SNMP v3 user.
Step 3
Click New to add a new SNMP v3 user. The SNMP V3 Users > New page appears.
Step 4
Step 10
Step 11
In the User Profile Name text box, enter a unique name. Do not enter default.
Choose Read Only or Read Write from the Access Mode drop-down list to specify the access level for this user. The
default value is Read Only.
From the Authentication Protocol drop-down list, choose the desired authentication method: None, HMAC-MD5 (Hashed
Message Authentication Coding-Message Digest 5), or HMAC-SHA (Hashed Message Authentication Coding-Secure
Hashing Algorithm). The default value is HMAC-SHA.
In the Auth Password and Confirm Auth Password text boxes, enter the shared secret key to be used for authentication.
You must enter at least 12 characters that include both letters and numbers.
From the Privacy Protocol drop-down list, choose the desired encryption method: None, CBC-DES (Cipher Block
Chaining-Digital Encryption Standard), or CFB-AES-128 (Cipher Feedback Mode-Advanced Encryption Standard-128).
The default value is CFB-AES-128.
Note
In order to configure CBC-DES or CFB-AES-128 encryption, you must have selected either HMAC-MD5 or
HMAC-SHA as the authentication protocol in Step 6.
In the Priv Password and Confirm Priv Password text boxes, enter the shared secret key to be used for encryption. You
must enter at least 12 characters that include both letters and numbers.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 12
Reboot the controller so that the SNMP v3 user that you added takes effect.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
121
See the current list of SNMP v3 users for this controller by entering this command:
show snmpv3user
Step 2
If default appears in the SNMP v3 User Name column, enter this command to delete this user:
config snmp v3user delete username
The username parameter is the SNMP v3 username (in this case, default).
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Reboot the controller so that the SNMP v3 user that you added takes effect by entering reset system command.
Note
Clients are load balanced between access points on the same controller. Load balancing does not occur
between access points on different controllers.
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When a wireless client attempts to associate to a lightweight access point, association response packets are
sent to the client with an 802.11 response packet including status code 17. The code 17 indicates that the AP
is busy. The AP responds with an association response bearing 'success' if the AP threshold is not met, and
with code 17 (AP busy) if the AP utilization threshold is reached or exceeded and another less busy AP heard
the client request.
For example, if the number of clients on AP1 is more than the number of clients on AP2 plus the load-balancing
window, then AP1 is considered to be busier than AP2. When a client attempts to associate to AP1, it receives
an 802.11 response packet with status code 17, indicating that the access point is busy, and the client attempts
to associate to a different access point.
You can configure the controller to deny client associations up to 10 times (if a client attempted to associate
11 times, it would be allowed to associate on the 11th try). You can also enable or disable load balancing on
a particular WLAN, which is useful if you want to disable load balancing for a select group of clients (such
as time-sensitive voice clients).
Passive scanning clients will be able to associate to an AP irrespective of whether load balancing is enabled
or not.
Note
Cisco 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Points do not support client load balancing.
With the 7.4 release, FlexConnect access points do support client load balancing.
You can configure the controller to analyze the WAN interface utilization of neighboring APs and then load
balance the clients across the lightly loaded APs. You can configure this by defining a load balancing threshold.
By defining the threshold, you can measure the WAN interface utilization percentage. For example, a threshold
value of 50 triggers the load balancing upon detecting utilization of 50% or more on an AP-WAN interface.
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > Advanced > Load Balancing to open the Load Balancing page.
In the Client Window Size text box, enter a value between 1 and 20.
The window size becomes part of the algorithm that determines whether an access point is too heavily loaded to accept
more client associations:
load-balancing window + client associations on AP with the lightest load = load-balancing threshold
In the group of access points accessible to a client device, each access point has a different number of client associations.
The access point with the lowest number of clients has the lightest load. The client window size plus the number of
clients on the access point with the lightest load forms the threshold. Access points with more client associations than
this threshold is considered busy, and clients can associate only to access points with client counts lower than the threshold.
Step 3
In the Maximum Denial Count text box, enter a value between 0 and 10.
The denial count sets the maximum number of association denials during load balancing.
123
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
To enable or disable aggressive load balancing on specific WLANs, do the following:
a) Choose WLANs > WLAN ID. The WLANs > Edit page appears.
b) In the Advanced tab, select or unselect the Client Load Balancing check box.
c) Click Apply.
d) Click Save Configuration.
Step 1
Set the client window for aggressive load balancing by entering this command:
config load-balancing window client_count
You can enter a value between 0 and 20 for the client_count parameter.
Step 2
Set the denial count for load balancing by entering this command:
config load-balancing denial denial_count
You can enter a value between 1 and 10 for the denial_count parameter.
Step 3
Step 4
Enable or disable aggressive load balancing on specific WLANs by entering this command:
config wlan load-balance allow {enable | disable} wlan_ID
You can enter a value between 1 and 512 for wlan_ID parameter.
Step 5
Step 6
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prevent these sources of interference and improve overall network performance, you can configure band
selection on the controller.
Band selection is enabled globally by default.
Band selection works by regulating probe responses to clients. It makes 5-GHz channels more attractive to
clients by delaying probe responses to clients on 2.4-GHz channels.
Note
Band selection operates only on access points that are connected to a controller. A FlexConnect access
point without a controller connection does not perform band selection after a reboot.
The band-selection algorithm directs dual-band clients only from the 2.4-GHz radio to the 5-GHz radio
of the same access point, and it only runs on an access point when both the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz radios
are up and running.
You can enable both band selection and aggressive load balancing on the controller. They run
independently and do not impact one another.
It is not possible to enable or disable band selection and client load balancing globally through the
controller GUI or CLI. You can, however, enable or disable band selection and client load balancing
for a particular WLAN. Band selection and client load balancing are enabled globally by default.
125
Step 1
Choose Wireless > Advanced > Band Select to open the Band Select page.
Step 2
In the Probe Cycle Count text box, enter a value between 1 and 10. The cycle count sets the number of suppression
cycles for a new client. The default cycle count is 2.
In the Scan Cycle Period Threshold (milliseconds) text box, enter a value between 1 and 1000 milliseconds for the
scan cycle period threshold. This setting determines the time threshold during which new probe requests from a client
come from a new scanning cycle. The default cycle threshold is 200 milliseconds.
In the Age Out Suppression (seconds) text box, enter a value between 10 and 200 seconds. Age-out suppression sets
the expiration time for pruning previously known 802.11b/g/n clients. The default value is 20 seconds. After this time
elapses, clients become new and are subject to probe response suppression.
In the Age Out Dual Band (seconds) text box, enter a value between 10 and 300 seconds. The age-out period sets the
expiration time for pruning previously known dual-band clients. The default value is 60 seconds. After this time elapses,
clients become new and are subject to probe response suppression.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
In the Acceptable Client RSSI (dBm) text box, enter a value between 20 and 90 dBm. This parameter sets the
minimum RSSI for a client to respond to a probe. The default value is 80 dBm.
Click Apply.
Step 8
Step 9
To enable or disable band selection on specific WLANs, choose WLANs > WLAN ID. The WLANs > Edit page
appears.
Click the Advanced tab.
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
In the Load Balancing and Band Select text area, if you want to enable band selection, select the Client Band Select
check box. If you want to disable band selection, leave the check box unselected. The default value is disabled.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 1
Set the probe cycle count for band select by entering this command:
config band-select cycle-count cycle_count
You can enter a value between 1 and 10 for the cycle_count parameter.
Step 2
Set the time threshold for a new scanning cycle period by entering this command:
config band-select cycle-threshold milliseconds
You can enter a value for threshold between 1 and 1000 for the milliseconds parameter.
Step 3
Set the suppression expire to the band select by entering this command:
config band-select expire suppression seconds
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You can enter a value for suppression between 10 to 200 for the seconds parameter.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Enabled
3 cycles
300 milliseconds
20 seconds
20 seconds
-30 dBm
127
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
From the Fast SSID Change drop-down list, choose Enabled to enable this feature or Disabled to disable it. The default
value is disabled.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 4
Step 1
Step 2
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
From the 802.3 Bridging drop-down list, choose Enabled to enable 802.3 bridging on your controller or Disabled to
disable this feature. The default value is Disabled.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 4
Step 1
See the current status of 802.3 bridging for all WLANs by entering this command:
show network
Step 2
Enable or disable 802.3 bridging globally on all WLANs by entering this command:
config network 802.3-bridging {enable | disable}
The default value is disabled.
Step 3
129
Note
When you disable the Global Multicast Mode, the controller still forwards the IPv6 ICMP multicast
messages, such as router announcements and DHCPv6 solicits, as these are required for IPv6 to work. As
a result, enabling the Global Multicast Mode on the controller does not impact the ICMPv6 and the
DHCPv6 messages. These messages will always be forwarded irrespective of whether or not the Global
Multicast Mode is enabled.
In controller software 4.2 or later releases, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping is introduced
to better direct multicast packets. When this feature is enabled, the controller gathers IGMP reports from the
clients, processes them, creates unique multicast group IDs (MGIDs) from the IGMP reports after selecting
the Layer 3 multicast address and the VLAN number, and sends the IGMP reports to the infrastructure switch.
The controller sends these reports with the source address as the interface address on which it received the
reports from the clients. The controller then updates the access point MGID table on the access point with the
client MAC address. When the controller receives multicast traffic for a particular multicast group, it forwards
it to all the access points, but only those access points that have active clients listening or subscribed to that
multicast group send multicast traffic on that particular WLAN. IP packets are forwarded with an MGID that
is unique for an ingress VLAN and the destination multicast group. Layer 2 multicast packets are forwarded
with an MGID that is unique for the ingress interface.
When IGMP snooping is disabled, the following is true:
The controller always uses Layer 2 MGID when it sends multicast data to the access point. Every interface
created is assigned one Layer 2 MGID. For example, the management interface has an MGID of 0, and
the first dynamic interface created is assigned an MGID of 8, which increments as each dynamic interface
is created.
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The IGMP packets from clients are forwarded to the router. As a result, the router IGMP table is updated
with the IP address of the clients as the last reporter.
When IGMP snooping is enabled, the following is true:
The controller always uses Layer 3 MGID for all Layer 3 multicast traffic sent to the access point. For
all Layer 2 multicast traffic, it continues to use Layer 2 MGID.
IGMP report packets from wireless clients are consumed or absorbed by the controller, which generates
a query for the clients. After the router sends the IGMP query, the controller sends the IGMP reports
with its interface IP address as the listener IP address for the multicast group. As a result, the router
IGMP table is updated with the controller IP address as the multicast listener.
When the client that is listening to the multicast groups roams from one controller to another, the first
controller transmits all the multicast group information for the listening client to the second controller.
As a result, the second controller can immediately create the multicast group information for the client.
The second controller sends the IGMP reports to the network for all multicast groups to which the client
was listening. This process aids in the seamless transfer of multicast data to the client.
If the listening client roams to a controller in a different subnet, the multicast packets are tunneled to
the anchor controller of the client to avoid the reverse path filtering (RPF) check. The anchor then
forwards the multicast packets to the infrastructure switch.
Note
The MGIDs are controller specific. The same multicast group packets coming from the
same VLAN in two different controllers may be mapped to two different MGIDs.
Note
If Layer 2 multicast is enabled, a single MGID is assigned to all the multicast addresses
coming from an interface.
131
Access points running recent Cisco IOS versions transmit multicast frames at the highest configured
basic rate and management frames at the lowest basic mandatory rates, can cause reliability problems.
Access points running LWAPP or autonomous Cisco IOS should transmit multicast and management
frames at the lowest configured basic rate. Such behavior is necessary to provide good coverage at the
cell's edge, especially for unacknowledged multicast transmissions where multicast wireless transmissions
might fail to be received.
Because multicast frames are not retransmitted at the MAC layer, clients at the edge of the cell might
fail to receive them successfully. If reliable reception is a goal, multicast frames should be transmitted
at a low data rate. If support for high data rate multicast frames is required, it might be useful to shrink
the cell size and disable all lower data rates.
Depending on your requirements, you can take the following actions:
If you need to transmit multicast data with the greatest reliability and if there is no need for great
multicast bandwidth, then configure a single basic rate, that is low enough to reach the edges of
the wireless cells.
If you need to transmit multicast data at a certain data rate in order to achieve a certain throughput,
you can configure that rate as the highest basic rate. You can also set a lower basic rate for coverage
of nonmulticast clients.
Multicast mode does not operate across intersubnet mobility events such as guest tunneling. It does,
however, operate with interface overrides using RADIUS (but only when IGMP snooping is enabled)
and with site-specific VLANs (access point group VLANs).
For LWAPP, the controller drops multicast packets sent to UDP control port 12223. For CAPWAP, the
controller drops multicast packets sent to UDP control and data ports 5246 and 5247, respectively.
Therefore, you may want to consider not using these port numbers with the multicast applications on
your network.
We recommend that any multicast applications on your network not use the multicast address configured
as the CAPWAP multicast group address on the controller.
For multicast to work on 2500 series controller, you have to configure the multicast IP address.
Multicast mode is not supported on Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controllers.
Step 1
Step 2
Select the Enable Global Multicast Mode check box to configure sending multicast packets. The default value is
disabled.
Note
FlexConnect supports unicast mode
only.
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Step 3
If you want to enable IGMP snooping, select the Enable IGMP Snooping check box. If you want to disable IGMP
snooping, leave the check box unselected. The default value is disabled.
To set the IGMP timeout, enter a value between 30 and 7200 seconds in the IGMP Timeout text box. The controller
sends three queries in one timeout value at an interval of timeout/ 3 to see if any clients exist for a particular multicast
group. If the controller does not receive a response through an IGMP report from the client, the controller times out the
client entry from the MGID table. When no clients are left for a particular multicast group, the controller waits for the
IGMP timeout value to expire and then deletes the MGID entry from the controller. The controller always generates a
general IGMP query (that is, to destination address 224.0.0.1) and sends it on all WLANs with an MGID value of 1.
Enter the IGMP Query Interval (seconds).
Select the Enable MLD Snooping check box to support IPv6 forwarding decisions.
Note
To enable MLD Snooping, you must enable Global Multicast Mode of the controller.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
In the MLD Timeout text box, enter a value between 30 and 7200 seconds to set the MLD timeout.
Enter the MLD Query Interval (seconds). The valid range is between 15 and 2400 seconds.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 10
Step 1
Step 2
b) Configure the controller to use the multicast method to send multicast packets to a CAPWAP multicast group by
entering this command:
config network multicast mode multicast multicast_group_ip_address
Step 3
Step 4
133
no clients are left for a particular multicast group, the controller waits for the IGMP timeout value to expire and then
deletes the MGID entry from the controller. The controller always generates a general IGMP query (that is, to destination
address 224.0.0.1) and sends it on all WLANs with an MGID value of 1.
Step 5
Step 6
To enable MLD snooping, you must enable global multicast mode of the controller.
Step 7
Step 1
Step 2
Click the link for a specific MGID (such as MGID 550) to see a list of all the clients joined to the multicast group in that
particular MGID.
vlanId
-----0
0
20
MGID
---0
9
8
Vlan
----
MGID
----
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239.255.255.250
550
See all the clients joined to the multicast group in a specific MGID by entering this command:
show network multicast mgid detail mgid_value
where the mgid_value parameter is a number between 550 and 4095.
Information similar to the following appears:
Mgid........................................ 550
Multicast Group Address..................... 239.255.255.250
Vlan........................................ 0
Rx Packet Count............................. 807399588
No of clients............................... 1
Client List.................................
Client MAC
Expire Time (mm:ss)
00:13:02:23:82:ad
0:20
Step 1
Step 2
See all of the MGIDs on the access point and the number of clients per WLAN by entering this command:
debug ap command show capwap mcast mgid all Cisco_AP
Step 3
See all of the clients per MGID on the access point and the number of clients per WLAN by entering this command:
debug ap command show capwap mcast mgid id mgid_value Cisco_AP
135
Inter-Controller Roaming
Multiple-controller deployments support client roaming across access points managed by controllers in the
same mobility group and on the same subnet. This roaming is also transparent to the client because the session
is sustained and a tunnel between controllers allows the client to continue using the same DHCP- or
client-assigned IP address as long as the session remains active. The tunnel is torn down, and the client must
reauthenticate when the client sends a DHCP Discover with a 0.0.0.0 client IP address or a 169.254.*.* client
auto-IP address or when the operator-set session timeout is exceeded.
Intra-Controller Roaming
Each controller supports same-controller client roaming across access points managed by the same controller.
This roaming is transparent to the client as the session is sustained, and the client continues using the same
DHCP-assigned or client-assigned IP address. The controller provides DHCP functionality with a relay
function. Same-controller roaming is supported in single-controller deployments and in multiple-controller
deployments.
Inter-Subnet Roaming
Multiple-controller deployments support client roaming across access points managed by controllers in the
same mobility group on different subnets. This roaming is transparent to the client because the session is
sustained and a tunnel between the controllers allows the client to continue using the same DHCP-assigned
or client-assigned IP address as long as the session remains active. The tunnel is torn down, and the client
must reauthenticate when the client sends a DHCP Discover with a 0.0.0.0 client IP address or a 169.254.*.*
client auto-IP address or when the operator-set user timeout is exceeded.
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characteristics of its previous access point. Roaming time decreases when the client recognizes and uses
an access point list built by compiling all previous access points to which each client was associated and
sent (unicast) to the client immediately after association. The access point list contains the channels,
BSSIDs of neighbor access points that support the clients current SSID(s), and time elapsed since
disassociation.
Enhanced neighbor listThis feature focuses on improving a CCXv4 clients roam experience and
network edge performance, especially when servicing voice applications. The access point provides its
associated client information about its neighbors using a neighbor-list update unicast message.
Enhanced neighbor list request (E2E)The End-2-End specification is a Cisco and Intel joint program
that defines new protocols and interfaces to improve the overall voice and roaming experience. It applies
only to Intel clients in a CCX environment. Specifically, it enables Intel clients to request a neighbor
list at will. When this occurs, the access point forwards the request to the controller. The controller
receives the request and replies with the current CCX roaming sublist of neighbors for the access point
to which the client is associated.
Note
To see whether a particular client supports E2E, choose Wireless > Clients on the
controller GUI, click the Detail link for the desired client, and look at the E2E Version
text box in the Client Properties area.
Roam reason reportThis feature enables CCXv4 clients to report the reason why they roamed to a
new access point. It also allows network administrators to build and monitor a roam history.
Directed roam requestThis feature enables the controller to send directed roam requests to the client
in situations when the controller can better service the client on an access point different from the one
to which it is associated. In this case, the controller sends the client a list of the best access points that
it can join. The client can either honor or ignore the directed roam request. Non-CCX clients and clients
running CCXv3 or below must not take any action. No configuration is required for this feature.
137
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Client Roaming. The 802.11a (802.11b) > Client Roaming page appears.
If you want to fine-tune the RF parameters that affect client roaming, choose Custom from the Mode drop-down list
and go to Step 3. If you want to leave the RF parameters at their default values, choose Default and go to Step 8.
Step 3
In the Minimum RSSI text box, enter a value for the minimum received signal strength indicator (RSSI) required for
the client to associate to an access point. If the clients average received signal power dips below this threshold, reliable
communication is usually impossible. Therefore, clients must already have found and roamed to another access point
with a stronger signal before the minimum RSSI value is reached.
The range is 90 to 50 dBm.
The default is 85 dBm.
Step 4
In the Hysteresis text box, enter a value to indicate how much greater the signal strength of a neighboring access point
must be in order for the client to roam to it. This parameter is intended to reduce the amount of roaming between access
points if the client is physically located on or near the border between two access points.
The range is 3 to 20 dB.
The default is 3 dB.
Step 5
In the Scan Threshold text box, enter the minimum RSSI that is allowed before the client should roam to a better access
point. When the RSSI drops below the specified value, the client must be able to roam to a better access point within the
specified transition time. This parameter also provides a power-save method to minimize the time that the client spends
in active or passive scanning. For example, the client can scan slowly when the RSSI is above the threshold and scan
more rapidly when the RSSI is below the threshold.
The range is 90 to 50 dBm.
The default is 72 dBm.
Step 6
In the Transition Time text box, enter the maximum time allowed for the client to detect a suitable neighboring access
point to roam to and to complete the roam, whenever the RSSI from the clients associated access point is below the scan
threshold.
The Scan Threshold and Transition Time parameters guarantee a minimum level of client roaming performance. Together
with the highest expected client speed and roaming hysteresis, these parameters make it possible to design a wireless
LAN network that supports roaming simply by ensuring a certain minimum overlap distance between access points.
The range is 1 to 5 seconds.
The default is 5 seconds.
Step 7
Click Apply.
Step 8
Step 9
Repeat this procedure if you want to configure client roaming for another radio band.
OL-27510-01
Step 1
View the current RF parameters configured for client roaming for the 802.11a or 802.11b/g network by entering this
command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} l2roam rf-param
Step 2
View the CCX Layer 2 client roaming statistics for a particular access point by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} l2roam statistics ap_mac
This command provides the following information:
The number of roam reason reports received
The number of neighbor list requests received
The number of neighbor list reports sent
The number of broadcast neighbor updates sent
Step 3
View the roaming history for a particular client by entering this command:
show client roam-history client_mac
This command provides the following information:
The time when the report was received
The MAC address of the access point to which the client is currently associated
The MAC address of the access point to which the client was previously associated
The channel of the access point to which the client was previously associated
The SSID of the access point to which the client was previously associated
The time when the client disassociated from the previous access point
The reason for the client roam
139
Note
If the IP address or MAC address of the packet has been spoofed, the check does not pass, and the controller
discards the packet. Spoofed packets can pass through the controller only if both the IP and MAC addresses
are spoofed together and changed to that of another valid client on the same controller.
Step 1
You might want to disable this binding check if you have a routed network behind a workgroup bridge (WGB).
You must disable this binding check in order to use an access point in sniffer mode if the access point is joined
to a Cisco 5500 Series Controller.
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Note
Step 2
Step 3
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Note
You can configure the bandwidth of each QoS level using QoS profiles and then apply the profiles to WLANs.
The profile settings are pushed to the clients associated to that WLAN. In addition, you can create QoS roles
to specify different bandwidth levels for regular and guest users. Follow the instructions in this section to
configure QoS profiles and QoS roles. You can also define the maximum and default QoS levels for unicast
and multicast traffic when you assign a QoS profile to a WLAN.
The wireless rate limits can be defined on both upstream and downstream traffic. Rate limits can be defined
per SSID and/or specified as a maximum rate limit for all clients. These rate limits can be individually
configured.
141
Step 1
Disable the 802.11a and 802.11b/g networks so that you can configure the QoS profiles.
To disable the radio networks, choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Network, unselect the 802.11a (or
802.11b/g) Network Status check box, and click Apply.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Choose Wireless > QoS > Profiles to open the QoS Profiles page.
Click the name of the profile that you want to configure to open the Edit QoS Profile page.
Change the description of the profile by modifying the contents of the Description text box.
Define the data rates on a per-user basis as follows:
a) Define the average data rate for TCP traffic per user by entering the rate in Kbps in the Average Data Rate text boxes.
A value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
b) Define the peak data rate for TCP traffic per user by entering the rate in Kbps in the Burst Data Rate text boxes. A
value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
Note
The burst data rate should be greater than or equal to the average data rate. Otherwise, the QoS policy may
block traffic to and from the wireless client.
Ensure that you configure the average data rate before you configure the burst data rate.
c) Define the average real-time rate for UDP traffic per user by entering the rate in Kbps in the Average Real-Time
Rate text boxes. A value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
d) Define the peak real-time rate for UDP traffic per user by entering the rate in Kbps in the Burst Real-Time Rate text
boxes. A value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
Note
The burst real-time rate should be greater than or equal to the average real-time rate. Otherwise, the QoS
policy may block traffic to and from the wireless client.
Step 6
Step 7
Define the maximum and default QoS levels for unicast and multicast traffic when you assign a QoS profile to a WLAN.
a) From the Maximum Priority drop-down list, choose the maximum QoS priority for any data frames transmitted by
the AP to any station in the WLAN.
For example, a QoS profile named gold targeted for video applications has the maximum priority set to video by
default.
b) From the Unicast Default Priority drop-down list, choose the QoS priority for unicast data frames transmitted by the
AP to non-WMM stations in the WLAN
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c) From the Multicast Default Priority drop-down list, choose the QoS priority for multicast data frames transmitted by
the AP to stations in the WLAN,
Note
The default unicast priority cannot be used for non-WMM clients in a mixed WLAN.
Step 8
Choose 802.1p from the Protocol Type drop-down list and enter the maximum priority value in the 802.1p Tag text box
to define the maximum value (07) for the priority tag associated with packets that fall within the profile.
The tagged packets include CAPWAP data packets (between access points and the controller) and packets sent toward
the core network.
If a QoS profile has 802.1p tagging configured and if this QoS profile is assigned to a WLAN that uses an
untagged interface on the controller, the client traffic will be blocked.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Reenable the 802.11 networks.
To enable the radio networks, choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Network, select the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g)
Network Status check box, and click Apply.
Note
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 1
Disable the 802.11a and 802.11b/g networks so that you can configure the QoS profiles by entering these commands:
config 802.11{a | b} disable network
Step 2
Step 3
Define the average data rate for TCP traffic per user or per SSID by entering this command:
config qos average-data-rate {bronze | silver | gold | platinum} {per-ssid | per-client} {downstream | upstream}
rate
For the rate parameter, you can enter a value between 0 and 512,000 Kbps (inclusive). A value of 0 imposes
no bandwidth restriction on the QoS profile.
Define the peak data rate for TCP traffic per user or per SSID by entering this command:
config qos burst-data-rate {bronze | silver | gold | platinum} {per-ssid | per-client} {downstream | upstream} rate
Note
Step 4
Step 5
Define the average real-time data rate for UDP traffic per user or per SSID by entering this command:
config qos average-realtime-rate {bronze | silver | gold | platinum} {per-ssid | per-client} {downstream | upstream}
rate
Step 6
Define the peak real-time data rate for UDP traffic per user or per SSID by entering this command:
config qos burst-realtime-rate {bronze | silver | gold | platinum} {per-ssid | per-client} {downstream | upstream}
rate
Step 7
Define the maximum and default QoS levels for unicast and multicast traffic when you assign a QoS profile to a WLAN
by entering this command:
config qos priority {bronze | gold | platinum | silver} {maximum priority} {default unicast priority} {default multicast
priority}
143
You choose from the following options for the maximum priority, default unicast priority, and default multicast priority
parameters:
besteffort
background
video
voice
Step 8
Define the maximum value (07) for the priority tag associated with packets that fall within the profile, by entering these
commands:
config qos protocol-type {bronze | silver | gold | platinum} dot1p
config qos dot1p-tag {bronze | silver | gold | platinum} tag
The tagged packets include CAPWAP data packets (between access points and the controller) and packets sent toward
the core network.
Note
The 802.1p tagging has impact only on wired packets. Wireless packets are impacted only by the maximum
priority level set for a QoS profile.
If a QoS profile has 802.1p tagging configured and if this QoS profile is assigned to a WLAN that uses an
untagged interface on the controller, the client traffic will be blocked.
Reenable the 802.11a and 802.11b/g networks so that you can configure the QoS profiles by entering these commands:
config 802.11{a | b} enable network
Note
Step 9
Note
If you choose to create an entry on the RADIUS server for a guest user and enable RADIUS authentication
for the WLAN on which web authentication is performed rather than adding a guest user to the local user
database from the controller, you need to assign the QoS role on the RADIUS server itself. To do so, a
guest-role Airespace attribute needs to be added on the RADIUS server with a datatype of string and
a return value of 11. This attribute is sent to the controller when authentication occurs. If a role with the
name returned from the RADIUS server is found configured on the controller, the bandwidth associated
to that role is enforced for the guest user after authentication completes successfully.
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Step 1
Choose Wireless > QoS > Roles to open the QoS Roles for the Guest Users page.
This page shows any existing QoS roles for guest users.
If you want to delete a QoS role, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that role and choose
Remove.
Click New to create a new QoS role. The QoS Role Name > New page appears.
In the Role Name text box, enter a name for the new QoS role. The name should uniquely identify the role of the QoS
user (such as Contractor, Vendor, and so on).
Click Apply.
Click the name of the QoS role to edit the bandwidth of a QoS role. The Edit QoS Role Data Rates page appears.
Note
The values that you configure for the per-user bandwidth contracts affect only the amount of bandwidth going
downstream (from the access point to the wireless client). They do not affect the bandwidth for upstream traffic
(from the client to the access point).
Define the average data rate for TCP traffic on a per-user basis by entering the rate in Kbps in the Average Data Rate
text box. You can enter a value between 0 and 60,000 Kbps (inclusive). A value of 0 imposes no bandwidth restriction
on the QoS role.
Define the peak data rate for TCP traffic on a per-user basis by entering the rate in Kbps in the Burst Data Rate text box.
You can enter a value between 0 and 60,000 Kbps (inclusive). A value of 0 imposes no bandwidth restriction on the QoS
role.
Note
The burst data rate should be greater than or equal to the average data rate. Otherwise, the QoS policy may block
traffic to and from the wireless client.
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Ensure that you configure the average data rate before you configure the burst data rate.
Define the average real-time rate for UDP traffic on a per-user basis by entering the rate in Kbps in the Average Real-Time
Rate text box. You can enter a value between 0 and 60,000 Kbps (inclusive). A value of 0 imposes no bandwidth
restriction on the QoS role.
Define the peak real-time rate for UDP traffic on a per-user basis by entering the rate in Kbps in the Burst Real-Time
Rate text box. You can enter a value between 0 and 60,000 Kbps (inclusive). A value of 0 imposes no bandwidth
restriction on the QoS role.
Note
The burst real-time rate should be greater than or equal to the average real-time rate. Otherwise, the QoS policy
may block traffic to and from the wireless client.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Apply a QoS role to a guest user by following the instructions in the Configuring Local Network Users for the Controller
(GUI) section.
145
Step 1
Step 2
If you want to delete a QoS role, enter the config netuser guest-role delete role_name command.
Configure the bandwidth contracts for a QoS role by entering these commands:
config netuser guest-role qos data-rate average-data-rate role_name rateConfigures the average data rate
for TCP traffic on a per-user basis.
config netuser guest-role qos data-rate burst-data-rate role_name rateConfigures the peak data rate for TCP
traffic on a per-user basis.
Note
The burst data rate should be greater than or equal to the average data rate. Otherwise, the QoS policy may
block traffic to and from the wireless client.
config netuser guest-role qos data-rate average-realtime-rate role_name rateConfigures the average real-time
rate for UDP traffic on a per-user basis.
config netuser guest-role qos data-rate burst-realtime-rate role_name rateConfigures the peak real-time rate
for UDP traffic on a per-user basis.
Note
Note
Step 3
The burst real-time rate should be greater than or equal to the average real-time rate. Otherwise, the QoS
policy may block traffic to and from the wireless client.
For the role_name parameter in each of these commands, enter a name for the new QoS role. The name
should uniquely identify the role of the QoS user (such as Contractor, Vendor, and so on). For the rate
parameter, you can enter a value between 0 and 60,000 Kbps (inclusive). A value of 0 imposes no bandwidth
restriction on the QoS role.
If you do not assign a QoS role to a guest user, the Role text box in the User Details shows the role as default.
The bandwidth contracts for this user are defined in the QoS profile for the WLAN.
If you want to unassign a QoS role from a guest user, enter the config netuser guest-role apply username
default command. This user now uses the bandwidth contracts defined in the QoS profile for the WLAN.
Step 4
Step 5
See a list of the current QoS roles and their bandwidth parameters by entering this command:
show netuser guest-roles
Information similar to the following appears:
Role Name........................................
Average Data Rate...........................
Burst Data Rate.............................
Average Realtime Rate.......................
Burst Realtime Rate.........................
Contractor
10
10
100
100
OL-27510-01
Note
Traffic stream metrics (TSM) can be used to monitor and report issues with voice quality.
Bandwidth-Based CAC
Bandwidth-based, or static, CAC enables the client to specify how much bandwidth or shared medium time
is required to accept a new call and in turn enables the access point to determine whether it is capable of
accommodating this particular call. The access point rejects the call if necessary in order to maintain the
maximum allowed number of calls with acceptable quality.
The QoS setting for a WLAN determines the level of bandwidth-based CAC support. To use bandwidth-based
CAC with voice applications, the WLAN must be configured for Platinum QoS. To use bandwidth-based
CAC with video applications, the WLAN must be configured for Gold QoS. Also, make sure that WMM is
enabled for the WLAN. See the Information About Configuring 802.3 Bridging, on page 128 section for QoS
and WMM configuration instructions.
147
Note
You must enable admission control (ACM) for CCXv4 clients that have WMM enabled. Otherwise,
bandwidth-based CAC does not operate properly.
Load-Based CAC
Load-based CAC incorporates a measurement scheme that takes into account the bandwidth consumed by all
traffic types (including that from clients), co-channel access point loads, and collocated channel interference,
for voice applications. Load-based CAC also covers the additional bandwidth consumption resulting from
PHY and channel impairment.
In load-based CAC, the access point continuously measures and updates the utilization of the RF channel
(that is, the percentage of bandwidth that has been exhausted), channel interference, and the additional calls
that the access point can admit. The access point admits a new call only if the channel has enough unused
bandwidth to support that call. By doing so, load-based CAC prevents oversubscription of the channel and
maintains QoS under all conditions of WLAN loading and interference.
Note
Load-based CAC is supported only on lightweight access points. If you disable load-based CAC, the
access points start using bandwidth-based CAC.
OL-27510-01
CAC Mode
Reserved
bandwidth
for voice
1
calls
Usage
Normal
TSPEC
Request
Bandwidth-based
CAC
75%
(default
setting)
Admitted
Admitted
Rejected
Admitted
Rejected
Rejected
Admitted
Admitted
Rejected
Admitted
Rejected
Rejected
Load-based CAC
1 For bandwidth-based CAC, the voice call bandwidth usage is per access point and does not take into account co-channel access points. For load-based CAC,
the voice call bandwidth usage is measured for the entire channel.
2 Bandwidth-based CAC (consumed voice and video bandwidth) or load-based CAC (channel utilization [Pb]).
Note
Note
When video ACM is enabled, the controller rejects a video TSPEC if the non-MSDU size in the TSPEC
is greater than 149 or the mean data rate is greater than 1 Kbps.
U-APSD
Unscheduled automatic power save delivery (U-APSD) is a QoS facility defined in IEEE 802.11e that extends
the battery life of mobile clients. In addition to extending battery life, this feature reduces the latency of traffic
flow delivered over the wireless media. Because U-APSD does not require the client to poll each individual
packet buffered at the access point, it allows delivery of multiple downlink packets by sending a single uplink
trigger packet. U-APSD is enabled automatically when WMM is enabled.
149
The metrics consist of a collection of uplink (client side) and downlink (access point side) statistics between
an access point and a client device that supports CCX v4 or later releases. If the client is not CCX v4 or CCXv5
compliant, only downlink statistics are captured. The client and access point measure these metrics. The access
point also collects the measurements every 5 seconds, prepares 90-second reports, and then sends the reports
to the controller. The controller organizes the uplink measurements on a client basis and the downlink
measurements on an access point basis and maintains an hours worth of historical data. To store this data,
the controller requires 32 MB of additional memory for uplink metrics and 4.8 MB for downlink metrics.
TSM can be configured through either the GUI or the CLI on a per radio-band basis (for example, all 802.11a
radios). The controller saves the configuration in flash memory so that it persists across reboots. After an
access point receives the configuration from the controller, it enables TSM on the specified radio band.
Note
Access points support TSM entries in both local and FlexConnect modes.
This table shows the upper limit for TSM entries in different controller series.
Note
TSM Entries
5500
7500
100
100
250
250
100*250=25000
100*250=25000
Once the upper limit is reached, additional TSM entries cannot be stored and sent to Cisco Prime
Infrastructure. If client TSM entries are full and AP TSM entries are available, then only the AP entries
are stored, and vice versa. This leads to partial output. TSM cleanup occurs every one hour. Entries are
removed only for those APs and clients that are not in the system.
Step 1
Step 2
Ensure that the WLAN is configured for WMM and the Platinum QoS level.
Disable all WLANs with WMM enabled and click Apply.
Step 3
Choose Wireless and then Network under 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n, unselect the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network Status
check box, and click Apply to disable the radio network.
Step 4
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Media. The 802.11a (or 802.11b) > Media page appears. The Voice
tab is displayed by default.
Select the Admission Control (ACM) check box to enable bandwidth-based CAC for this radio band. The default value
is disabled.
Select the Admission Control (ACM) you want to use by choosing from the following choices:
Step 5
Step 6
OL-27510-01
In the Max RF Bandwidth text box, enter the percentage of the maximum bandwidth allocated to clients for voice
applications on this radio band. Once the client reaches the value specified, the access point rejects new calls on this
radio band.
The range is 5% to 85%. The sum of maximum bandwidth percentage of voice and video should not exceed 85%.
The default is 75%.
Step 8
In the Reserved Roaming Bandwidth text box, enter the percentage of maximum allocated bandwidth that is reserved
for roaming voice clients. The controller reserves this bandwidth from the maximum allocated bandwidth for roaming
voice clients.
The range is 0% to 25%.
The default is 6%.
Step 9
To enable expedited bandwidth requests, select the Expedited Bandwidth check box. By default, this text box is disabled.
Step 10
To enable SIP CAC support, select the SIP CAC Support check box. By default, SIP CAC support is disabled.
Step 11
From the SIP Codec drop-down list, choose one of the following options to set the codec name. The default value is
G.711. The options are as follows:
User Defined
G.711
G.729
Step 12
In the SIP Bandwidth (kbps) text box, enter the bandwidth in kilobits per second.
The possible range is 8 to 64.
The default value is 64.
The SIP Bandwidth (kbps) text box is highlighted only when you select the SIP codec as User-Defined. If you
choose the SIP codec as G.711, the SIP Bandwidth (kbps) text box is set to 64. If you choose the SIP codec
as G.729, the SIP Bandwidth (kbps) text box is set to 8.
In the SIP Voice Sample Interval (msecs) text box, enter the value for the sample interval.
In the Maximum Calls text box, enter the maximum number of calls that can be made to this radio. The maximum call
limit includes both direct and roaming-in calls. If the maximum call limit is reached, the new or roaming-in calls result
in failure.
The possible range is 0 to 25.
Note
Step 13
Step 14
The default value is 0, which indicates that there is no check for maximum call limit.
Note
If SIP CAC is supported and the CAC method is static, the Maximum Possible Voice Calls and Maximum
Possible Roaming Reserved Calls fields appear.
151
Step 15
Step 19
Select the Metrics Collection check box to collect traffic stream metrics. By default, this box is unselected. That is, the
traffic stream metrics is not collected by default.
Click Apply.
Reenable all WMM WLANs and click Apply.
Choose Network under 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n, select the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network Status check box, and
click Apply to reenable the radio network.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 20
Repeat this procedure if you want to configure voice parameters for another radio band.
Step 16
Step 17
Step 18
Step 1
See all of the WLANs configured on the controller by entering this command:
show wlan summary
Step 2
Make sure that the WLAN that you are planning to modify is configured for WMM and the QoS level is set to Platinum
by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Step 3
Disable all WLANs with WMM enabled prior to changing the voice parameters by entering the command:
config wlan disable wlan_id
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Enable or disable bandwidth-based voice CAC for the 802.11a or 802.11b/g network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice acm {enable | disable}
Step 7
Set the percentage of maximum bandwidth allocated to clients for voice applications on the 802.11a or 802.11b/g network
by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice max-bandwidth bandwidth
The bandwidth range is 5 to 85%, and the default value is 75%. Once the client reaches the value specified, the access
point rejects new calls on this network.
Step 8
Set the percentage of maximum allocated bandwidth reserved for roaming voice clients by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice roam-bandwidth bandwidth
The bandwidth range is 0 to 25%, and the default value is 6%. The controller reserves this much bandwidth from the
maximum allocated bandwidth for roaming voice clients.
OL-27510-01
Step 9
Configure the codec name and sample interval as parameters and to calculate the required bandwidth per call by entering
this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice sip codec {g711 | g729} sample-interval number_msecs
Step 10
Configure the bandwidth that is required per call by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice sip bandwidth bandwidth_kbps sample-interval number_msecs
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Ensure that the WLAN is configured for WMM and the Gold QoS level.
Disable all WLANs with WMM enabled and click Apply.
Choose Wireless and then Network under 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n, unselect the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network
Status check box, and click Apply to disable the radio network.
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Media. The 802.11a (or 802.11b) > Media page appears.
In the Video tab, select the Admission Control (ACM) check box to enable video CAC for this radio band. The default
value is disabled.
From the CAC Method drop-down list, choose between Static and Load Based methods.
The static CAC method is based on the radio and the load-based CAC method is based on the channel.
Note
For TSpec and SIP based CAC for video calls, only Static method is supported.
Step 7
In the Max RF Bandwidth text box, enter the percentage of the maximum bandwidth allocated to clients for video
applications on this radio band. When the client reaches the value specified, the access point rejects new requests on this
radio band.
The range is 5% to 85%. The sum of maximum bandwidth percentage of voice and video should not exceed 85%. The
default is 0%.
Step 8
In the Reserved Roaming Bandwidth text box, enter the percentage of the maximum RF bandwidth that is reserved for
roaming clients for video.
Configure the SIP CAC Support by selecting or unselecting the SIP CAC Support check box.
SIP CAC is supported only if SIP Snooping is enabled.
Step 9
153
Note
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
You cannot enable SIP CAC if you have selected the Load Based CAC method.
Click Apply.
Reenable all WMM WLANs and click Apply.
Choose Network under 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n, select the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network Status check box, and
click Apply to reenable the radio network.
Click Save Configuration.
Repeat this procedure if you want to configure video parameters for another radio band.
Step 1
See all of the WLANs configured on the controller by entering this command:
show wlan summary
Step 2
Make sure that the WLAN that you are planning to modify is configured for WMM and the QoS level is set to Gold by
entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Step 3
Disable all WLANs with WMM enabled prior to changing the video parameters by entering this command:
config wlan disable wlan_id
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Enable or disable video CAC for the 802.11a or 802.11b/g network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac video acm {enable | disable}
Step 7
To configure the CAC method as either static or load-based, enter this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac video cac-method {static | load-based}
Step 8
Set the percentage of maximum bandwidth allocated to clients for video applications on the 802.11a or 802.11b/g network
by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac video max-bandwidth bandwidth
The bandwidth range is 5 to 85%, and the default value is 5%. However, the maximum RF bandwidth cannot exceed
85% for voice and video. Once the client reaches the value specified, the access point rejects new calls on this network.
If this parameter is set to zero (0), the controller assumes that you do not want to do any bandwidth allocation
and, therefore, allows all bandwidth requests.
To configure the percentage of the maximum RF bandwidth that is reserved for roaming clients for video, enter this
command:
Note
Step 9
OL-27510-01
To configure the CAC parameters for SIP-based video calls, enter this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac video sip {enable | disable}
Step 11
Process or ignore the TSPEC inactivity timeout received from an access point by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac video tspec-inactivity-timeout {enable | ignore}
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 1
Step 2
Click the MAC address of the desired client to open the Clients > Detail page.
This page shows the U-APSD status (if enabled) for this client under Quality of Service Properties.
Step 3
Step 4
See the TSM statistics for a particular client and the access point to which this client is associated as follows:
a) Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired client and choose 802.11aTSM or 802.11b/g TSM.
The Clients > AP page appears.
b) Click the Detail link for the desired access point to open the Clients > AP > Traffic Stream Metrics page.
This page shows the TSM statistics for this client and the access point to which it is associated. The statistics are
shown in 90-second intervals. The timestamp text box shows the specific interval when the statistics were collected.
Step 5
See the TSM statistics for a particular access point and a particular client associated to this access point, as follows:
a) Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n. The 802.11a/n Radios or 802.11b/g/n
Radios page appears.
b) Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired access point and choose 802.11aTSM or 802.11b/g
TSM. The AP > Clients page appears.
c) Click the Detail link for the desired client to open the AP > Clients > Traffic Stream Metrics page.
This page shows the TSM statistics for this access point and a client associated to it. The statistics are shown in
90-second intervals. The timestamp text box shows the specific interval when the statistics were collected.
155
Step 1
See the CAC configuration for the 802.11 network by entering this command:
show ap stats {802.11a | 802.11b}
Step 2
See the CAC statistics for a particular access point by entering this command:
show ap stats {802.11a | 802.11b} ap_name
Information similar to the following appears:
Call Admission Control (CAC) Stats
Voice Bandwidth in use(% of config bw)......... 0
Total channel MT free........................ 0
Total voice MT free.......................... 0
Na Direct.................................... 0
Na Roam...................................... 0
Video Bandwidth in use(% of config bw)......... 0
Total num of voice calls in progress........... 0
Num of roaming voice calls in progress......... 0
Total Num of voice calls since AP joined....... 0
Total Num of roaming calls since AP joined..... 0
Total Num of exp bw requests received.......... 5
Total Num of exp bw requests admitted.......... 2
Num of voice calls rejected since AP joined...... 0
Num of roam calls rejected since AP joined..... 0
Num of calls rejected due to insufficient bw....0
Num of calls rejected due to invalid params.... 0
Num of calls rejected due to PHY rate.......... 0
Num of calls rejected due to QoS policy..... 0
In the example above, MT is medium time, Na is the number of additional calls, and exp bw is expedited bandwidth.
Note
Suppose an AP has to be rebooted when a voice client associated with the AP is on an active call. After the AP
is rebooted, the client continues to maintain the call, and during the time the AP is down, the database is not
refreshed by the controller. Therefore, we recommend that all active calls are ended before the AP is taken
down.
Step 3
See the U-APSD status for a particular client by entering this command:
show client detail client_mac
Step 4
See the TSM statistics for a particular client and the access point to which this client is associated by entering this
command:
show client tsm {802.11a | 802.11b} client_mac {ap_mac | all}
The optional all command shows all access points to which this client has associated. Information similar to the following
appears:
Client Interface Mac:
Measurement Duration:
Timestamp
00:01:02:03:04:05
90 seconds
1st Jan 2006, 06:35:80
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UpLink Stats
================
Average Delay (5sec intervals)............................35
Delay less than 10 ms.....................................20
Delay bet 10 - 20 ms......................................20
Delay bet 20 - 40 ms......................................20
Delay greater than 40 ms..................................20
Total packet Count.........................................80
Total packet lost count (5sec).............................10
Maximum Lost Packet count(5sec)............................5
Average Lost Packet count(5secs)...........................2
DownLink Stats
================
Average Delay (5sec intervals)............................35
Delay less than 10 ms.....................................20
Delay bet 10 - 20 ms......................................20
Delay bet 20 - 40 ms......................................20
Delay greater than 40 ms..................................20
Total packet Count.........................................80
Total packet lost count (5sec).............................10
Maximum Lost Packet count(5sec)............................5
Average Lost Packet count(5secs)...........................2
Note
Note
Step 5
The statistics are shown in 90-second intervals. The timestamp text box shows the specific interval when the
statistics were collected.
Clear the TSM statistics for a particular access point or all the access points to which this client is associated
by entering this clear client tsm {802.11a | 802.11b} client_mac {ap_mac | all} command.
See the TSM statistics for a particular access point and a particular client associated to this access point by entering this
command:
show ap stats {802.11a | 802.11b} ap_name tsm {client_mac | all}
The optional all command shows all clients associated to this access point. Information similar to the following appears:
AP Interface Mac:
Client Interface Mac:
Measurement Duration:
00:0b:85:01:02:03
00:01:02:03:04:05
90 seconds
Timestamp
1st Jan 2006, 06:35:80
UpLink Stats
================
Average Delay (5sec intervals)............................35
Delay less than 10 ms.....................................20
Delay bet 10 - 20 ms......................................20
Delay bet 20 - 40 ms......................................20
Delay greater than 40 ms..................................20
Total packet Count.........................................80
Total packet lost count (5sec).............................10
Maximum Lost Packet count(5sec)............................5
Average Lost Packet count(5secs)...........................2
DownLink Stats
================
Average Delay (5sec intervals)............................35
Delay less than 10 ms.....................................20
157
The statistics are shown in 90-second intervals. The timestamp text box shows the specific interval when the
statistics were collected.
Enable or disable debugging for call admission control (CAC) messages, events, or packets by entering this command:
debug cac {all | event | packet}{enable | disable}
Note
Step 6
where all configures debugging for all CAC messages, event configures debugging for all CAC events, and packet
configures debugging for all CAC packets.
Step 7
Use the following command to perform voice diagnostics and to view the debug messages between a maximum of two
802.11 clients:
debug voice-diag {enable | disable} mac-id mac-id2 [verbose]
The verbose mode is an optional argument. When the verbose option is used, all debug messages are displayed in the
console. You can use this command to monitor a maximum of two 802.11 clients. If one of the clients is a non-WiFi
client, only the 802.11 client is monitored for debug messages.
It is implicitly assumed that the clients being monitored are on
call.
Note
The debug command automatically stops after 60
minutes.
Use the following commands to view various voice-related parameters:
Note
Step 8
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Step 9
Use the following commands to troubleshoot video debug messages and statistics:
debug ap show stats {802.11b | 802.11a} ap-name multicastDisplays the access points supported multicast
rates.
debug ap show stats {802.11b | 802.11a} ap-name loadDisplays the access points QBSS and other statistics.
debug ap show stats {802.11b | 802.11a} ap-name tx-queueDisplays the access points transmit queue traffic
statistics.
debug ap show stats {802.11b | 802.11a} ap-name client {all | video | client-mac}Displays the access points
client metrics.
debug ap show stats {802.11b | 802.11a} ap-name packetDisplays the access points packet statistics.
debug ap show stats {802.11b | 802.11a} ap-name video metricsDisplays the access points video metrics.
debug ap show stats video ap-name multicast mgid number Displays an access points Layer 2 MGID database
number.
debug ap show stats video ap-name admissionDisplays an access points admission control statistics.
debug ap show stats video ap-name bandwidthDisplays an access points video bandwidth.
159
Ensure that you have enabled the Admission Control (ACM) for this radio.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Choose Wireless > Advanced > SIP Snooping to open the SIP Snooping page.
Specify the call-snooping ports by entering the starting port and the ending port.
Click Apply and then click Save Configuration.
Set the voice to the platinum QoS level by entering this command:
config wlan qos wlan-id Platinum
Step 2
Enable the call-snooping feature for a particular WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan call-snoop enable wlan-id
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
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Ensure that the WLAN is configured for WMM and the Gold QoS level.
Disable all WLANs with WMM enabled and click Apply.
Step 3
Choose Wireless and then Network under 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n, unselect the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network
Status check box, and click Apply to disable the radio network.
Step 4
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Media. The 802.11a (or 802.11b) > Media > Parameters page appears.
Step 5
Step 6
Select the Unicast Video Redirect check box to enable Unicast Video Redirect. The default value is disabled.
Step 7
In the Maximum Media Bandwidth (0-85%) text box, enter the percentage of the maximum bandwidth to be allocated
for media applications on this radio band. Once the client reaches the specified value, the access point rejects new calls
on this radio band.
The default value is 85%; valid values are from 0 to 85%.
Step 8
Step 9
In the Client Phy Rate text box, enter the value for the rate in kilobits per second at which the client operates.
In the Maximum Retry Percent (0-100%) text box, enter the percentage of the maximum retry. The default value is
80.
Select the Multicast Direct Enable check box to enable the Multicast Direct Enable text box. The default value is
enabled.
From the Max Streams per Radio drop-down list, choose the maximum number of allowed multicast direct streams
per radio. Choose a value between 1 to 20 or No Limit. The default value is set to No Limit.
From the Max Streams per Client drop-down list, choose the maximum number of allowed clients per radio. Choose
a value between 1 to 20 or No Limit. The default value is set to No Limit.
If you want to enable the best radio queue for this radio, select the Best Effort QoS Admission check box. The default
value is disabled.
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
161
You can configure up to six preferred call numbers. When a call comes to one of the configured preferred
numbers, the controller does not check on the maximum call limit. It invokes the CAC to allocate bandwidth
for the preferred call. The bandwidth allocation is 85 percent of the entire bandwidth pool, not just from the
maximum configured voice pool. The bandwidth allocation is the same even for roaming calls.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
To remove a preferred call, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow and choose Remove.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
In the Call Index text box, enter the index that you want to assign to the call. Valid values are from 1 through 6.
In the Call Number text box, enter the number.
Click Apply to add the new number.
Step 1
Set the voice to the platinum QoS level by entering this command:
config wlan qos wlan-id Platinum
Step 2
Step 3
Enable the call-snooping feature for a particular WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan call-snoop enable wlan-id
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Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 1
Choose Wireless and then Network under 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n, unselect the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network
Status check box, and click Apply to disable the radio network.
Step 2
Choose EDCA Parametersunder 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n. The 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) > EDCA Parameters page
appears.
Choose one of the following options from the EDCA Profile drop-down list:
Step 3
WMMEnables the Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) default parameters. This is the default value. Choose this option
when voice or video services are not deployed on your network.
Spectralink Voice PriorityEnables SpectraLink voice priority parameters. Choose this option if SpectraLink
phones are deployed on your network to improve the quality of calls.
Voice OptimizedEnables EDCA voice-optimized profile parameters. Choose this option when voice services
other than SpectraLink are deployed on your network.
Voice & Video OptimizedEnables EDCA voice- and video-optimized profile parameters. Choose this option
when both voice and video services are deployed on your network.
Custom VoiceEnables custom voice EDCA parameters for 802.11a. The EDCA parameters under this option
also match the 6.0 WMM EDCA parameters when this profile is applied.
163
Note
Step 4
Step 5
If you want to enable MAC optimization for voice, select the Enable Low Latency MAC check box. Otherwise, leave
this check box unselected, which is the default value. This feature enhances voice performance by controlling packet
retransmits and appropriately aging out voice packets on lightweight access points, which improves the number of voice
calls serviced per access point.
Note
We do not recommend you to enable low latency MAC. You should enable low latency MAC only if the WLAN
allows WMM clients. If WMM is enabled, then low latency MAC can be used with any of the EDCA profiles.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 6
To reenable the radio network, choose Network under 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n, select the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g)
Network Status check box, and click Apply.
Step 7
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
View the current status of MAC optimization for voice by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b}
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Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Note
Cisco recommends that you disable Cisco Discovery Protocol on the controller and access point when
connected to non-Cisco switches as CDP is unsupported on non-Cisco switches and network elements.
165
Note
To use the Intelligent Power Management feature, ensure that CDPv2 is enabled on the
Cisco 2500 Series Controllers. CDP v2 is enabled by default.
The Cisco 600 Series OEAP access points do not support CDP.
The support of CDPv1 and CDPv2 enables network management applications to discover Cisco devices.
The following TLVs are supported by both the controller and the access point:
Device-ID TLV: 0x0001The hostname of the controller, the access point, or the CDP neighbor.
Address TLV: 0x0002The IP address of the controller, the access point, or the CDP neighbor.
Port-ID TLV: 0x0003The name of the interface on which CDP packets are sent out.
Capabilities TLV: 0x0004The capabilities of the device. The controller sends out this TLV with
a value of Host: 0x10, and the access point sends out this TLV with a value of Transparent Bridge:
0x02.
Version TLV: 0x0005The software version of the controller, the access point, or the CDP
neighbor.
Platform TLV: 0x0006The hardware platform of the controller, the access point, or the CDP
neighbor.
Power Available TLV: 0x001a The amount of power available to be transmitted by power
sourcing equipment to permit a device to negotiate and select an appropriate power setting.
Full/Half Duplex TLV: 0x000bThe full- or half-duplex mode of the Ethernet link on which CDP
packets are sent out.
These TLVs are supported only by the access point:
Power Consumption TLV: 0x0010The maximum amount of power consumed by the access
point.
Power Request TLV:0x0019The amount of power to be transmitted by a powerable device in
order to negotiate a suitable power level with the supplier of the network power.
Changing the CDP configuration on the controller does not change the CDP configuration on the access
points that are connected to the controller. You must enable and disable CDP separately for each access
point.
You can enable or disable the CDP state on all or specific interfaces and radios. This configuration can
be applied to all access points or a specific access point.
The following is the behavior assumed for various interfaces and access points:
CDP is disabled on radio interfaces on indoor (nonindoor mesh) access points.
Nonmesh access points have CDPs disabled on radio interfaces when they join the controller. The
persistent CDP configuration is used for the APs that had CDP support in its previous image.
CDP is enabled on radio interfaces on indoor-mesh and mesh access points.
OL-27510-01
Mesh access points will have CDP enabled on their radio interfaces when they join the controller.
The persistent CDP configuration is used for the access points that had CDP support in a previous
image. The CDP configuration for radio interfaces is applicable only for mesh APs.
Step 1
Choose Controller > CDP > Global Configuration to open the CDP > Global Configuration page.
Step 2
Step 6
Select the CDP Protocol Status check box to enable CDP on the controller or unselect it to disable this feature. The
default value is selected.
Note
Enabling or disabling this feature is applicable to all controller
ports.
From the CDP Advertisement Version drop-down list, choose v1 or v2 to specify the highest CDP version supported on
the controller. The default value is v1.
In the Refresh-time Interval text box, enter the interval at which CDP messages are to be generated. The range is 5 to
254 seconds, and the default value is 60 seconds.
In the Holdtime text box, enter the amount of time to be advertised as the time-to-live value in generated CDP packets.
The range is 10 to 255 seconds, and the default value is 180 seconds.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
If CDP is disabled in Step 2, a message indicating that the Controller CDP is disabled appears.
167
To enable or disable CDP on all access points currently associated to the controller, follow these steps:
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
Select the CDP State check box to enable CDP on all access points associated to the controller or unselect it to
disable CDP on all access points. The default value is selected. You can enable CDP on a specific Ethernet interface,
radio, or slot by selecting the corresponding check box. This configuration will be applied to all access points
associated with the controller.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 9
Step 1
Step 2
Specify the interval at which CDP messages are to be generated by entering this command:
config cdp timer seconds
The range is 5 to 254 seconds, and the default value is 60 seconds.
Step 3
Specify the amount of time to be advertised as the time-to-live value in generated CDP packets by entering this command:
config cdp holdtime seconds
The range is 10 to 255 seconds, and the default value is 180 seconds.
Step 4
Specify the highest CDP version supported on the controller by entering this command:
config cdp advertise {v1 | v2}
The default value is v1.
Step 5
Enable or disable CDP on all access points that are joined to the controller by entering the config ap cdp {enable |
disable} all command.
The config ap cdp disable all command disables CDP on all access points that are joined to the controller and all access
points that join in the future. CDP remains disabled on both current and future access points even after the controller or
access point reboots. To enable CDP, enter the config ap cdp enable all command.
After you enable CDP on all access points joined to the controller, you may disable and then reenable CDP on
individual access points using the command in Step 6. After you disable CDP on all access points joined to the
controller, you may not enable and then disable CDP on individual access points.
Enable or disable CDP on a specific access point by entering this command:
config ap cdp {enable | disable} Cisco_AP
Note
Step 6
Step 7
Configure CDP on a specific or all access points for a specific interface by entering this command:
config ap cdp {ethernet | radio} interface_number slot_id {enable | disable} {all | Cisco_AP}
Note
When you use the config ap cdp command to configure CDP on radio interfaces, a warning message appears
indicating that the configuration is applicable only for mesh access points.
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Step 8
Step 1
Choose Monitor > CDP > Interface Neighbors to open the CDP > Interface Neighbors page appears.
This page shows the following information:
The controller port on which the CDP packets were received
The name of each CDP neighbor
The IP address of each CDP neighbor
The port used by each CDP neighbor for transmitting CDP packets
The time left (in seconds) before each CDP neighbor entry expires
The functional capability of each CDP neighbor, defined as follows: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route
Bridge, S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, or M - Remotely Managed Device
The hardware platform of each CDP neighbor device
Step 2
Click the name of the desired interface neighbor to see more detailed information about each interfaces CDP neighbor.
The CDP > Interface Neighbors > Detail page appears.
This page shows the following information:
The controller port on which the CDP packets were received
The name of the CDP neighbor
The IP address of the CDP neighbor
The port used by the CDP neighbor for transmitting CDP packets
The CDP version being advertised (v1 or v2)
The time left (in seconds) before the CDP neighbor entry expires
The functional capability of the CDP neighbor, defined as follows: Router, Trans Bridge,?Source Route Bridge,
Switch, Host, IGMP, Repeater, or Remotely Managed Device
The hardware platform of the CDP neighbor device
The software running on the CDP neighbor
169
Step 3
Step 4
Choose AP Neighbors to see a list of CDP neighbors for all access points connected to the controller. The CDP AP
Neighbors page appears.
Click the CDP Neighbors link for the desired access point to see a list of CDP neighbors for a specific access point.
The CDP > AP Neighbors page appears.
This page shows the following information:
The name of each access point
The IP address of each access point
The name of each CDP neighbor
The IP address of each CDP neighbor
The port used by each CDP neighbor
The CDP version being advertised (v1 or v2)
Step 5
Click the name of the desired access point to see detailed information about an access points CDP neighbors. The CDP
> AP Neighbors > Detail page appears.
This page shows the following information:
The name of the access point
The MAC address of the access points radio
The IP address of the access point
The interface on which the CDP packets were received
The name of the CDP neighbor
The IP address of the CDP neighbor
The port used by the CDP neighbor
The CDP version being advertised (v1 or v2)
The time left (in seconds) before the CDP neighbor entry expires
The functional capability of the CDP neighbor, defined as follows: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge,?B - Source Route
Bridge, S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, or M - Remotely Managed Device
The hardware platform of the CDP neighbor device
The software running on the CDP neighbor
Step 6
Choose Traffic Metrics to see CDP traffic information. The CDP > Traffic Metrics page appears.
This page shows the following information:
The number of CDP packets received by the controller
The number of CDP packets sent from the controller
The number of packets that experienced a checksum error
The number of packets dropped due to insufficient memory
The number of invalid packets
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Step 1
See the status of CDP and to view CDP protocol information by entering this command:
show cdp
Step 2
See a list of all CDP neighbors on all interfaces by entering this command:
show cdp neighbors [detail]
The optional detail command provides detailed information for the controllers CDP neighbors.
This command shows only the CDP neighbors of the controller. It does not show the CDP neighbors of the
controllers associated access points. Additional commands are provided below to show the list of CDP neighbors
per access point.
See all CDP entries in the database by entering this command:
show cdp entry all
Note
Step 3
Step 4
See CDP traffic information on a given port (for example, packets sent and received, CRC errors, and so on) by entering
this command:
show cdp traffic
Step 5
See the CDP status for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap cdp ap-name Cisco_AP
Step 6
See the CDP status for all access points that are connected to the controller by entering this command:
show ap cdp all
Step 7
See a list of all CDP neighbors for a specific access point by entering these commands:
show ap cdp neighbors ap-name Cisco_AP
show ap cdp neighbors detail Cisco_AP
Note
Step 8
The access point sends CDP neighbor information to the controller only when the information changes.
See a list of all CDP neighbors for all access points connected to the controller by entering these commands:
show ap cdp neighbors all
show ap cdp neighbors detail all
Note
The access point sends CDP neighbor information to the controller only when the information changes.
171
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Choose Controller > NTP > Server to open the NTP Severs page.
Click New to add a new NTP Server.
In the Server Index (Priority) text box, enter the NTP server index.
The controller tries Index 1 first, then Index 2 through 3, in a descending order. Set this to 1 if your network is using
only one NTP server.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
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Partners
AeroScout
WhereNet
Pango (InnerWireless)
Product Name
T2
T3
Wheretag IV
V3
Temperature
Pressure
Humidity
Status
Fuel
Quantity
Distance
Motion Detection
X
X
Telemetry
Tampering
Battery Information
Multiple-Frequency Tags3
3 For chokepoint systems, note that the tag can work only with chokepoints coming from the same vendor.
173
Note
The Network Mobility Services Protocol (NMSP) runs on the mobility services engine. For NMSP to
function, the TCP port (16113) over which the controller and the mobility services engine communicate
must be open (not blocked) on any firewall that exists between these two devices.
The Cisco-approved tags support these capabilities:
Information notificationsEnables you to view vendor-specific and emergency information.
Information pollingEnables you to monitor battery status and telemetry data. Many telemetry data
types provide support for sensory networks and a large range of applications for RFID tags.
Measurement notificationsEnables you to deploy chokepoints at strategic points within your buildings
or campuses. Whenever an RFID tag moves to within a defined proximity of a chokepoint, the tag begins
transmitting packets that advertise its location in relation to the chokepoint.
You can configure and view RFID tag tracking information through the controller CLI.
Step 1
Step 2
Specify a static timeout value (between 60 and 7200 seconds) by entering this command:
config rfid timeout seconds
The static timeout value is the amount of time that the controller maintains tags before expiring them. For example, if a
tag is configured to beacon every 30 seconds, we recommend that you set the timeout value to 90 seconds (approximately
three times the beacon value). The default value is 1200 seconds.
Step 3
Enable or disable RFID tag mobility for specific tags by entering these commands:
config rfid mobility vendor_name enableEnables client mobility for a specific vendors tags. When you enter
this command, tags are unable to obtain a DHCP address for client mode when attempting to select and/or download
a configuration.
config rfid mobility vendor_name disableDisables client mobility for a specific vendors tags. When you enter
this command, tags can obtain a DHCP address. If a tag roams from one subnet to another, it obtains a new address
rather than retaining the anchor state.
Note
These commands can be used only for Pango tags. Therefore, the only valid entry for vendor_name is
pango in all lowercase letters.
OL-27510-01
Step 1
See the current configuration for RFID tag tracking by entering this command:
show rfid config
Step 2
See detailed information for a specific RFID tag by entering this command:
show rfid detail mac_address
where mac_address is the tags MAC address.
Step 3
See a list of all RFID tags currently connected to the controller by entering this command:
show rfid summary
Step 4
See a list of RFID tags that are associated to the controller as clients by entering this command:
show rfid client
Note
We recommend that you perform the debugging on a per-tag basis. If you enable
debugging for all of the tags, the console or Telnet screen is inundated with messages.
Enable or disable debugging for the 802.11 RFID tag module by entering this command:
debug dot11 rfid {enable | disable}
Enable or disable RFID debug options by entering this command:
debug rfid {all | detail | error | nmsp | receive} {enable | disable}
where
all configures debugging of all RFID messages.
detail configures debugging of RFID detailed messages.
error configures debugging of RFID error messages.
nmsp configures debugging of RFID NMSP messages.
receive configures debugging of incoming RFID tag messages.
175
Note
The time zone can be different for the controller and the location appliance, but the time zone delta must
be configured accordingly, based on GMT.
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Configure the RSSI timeout value for various devices by entering this command:
config location expiry ?
where? is one of the following:
client timeoutConfigures the RSSI timeout value for clients. The valid range for the timeout
parameter is 5 to 3600 seconds, and the default value is 5 seconds.
calibrating-client timeoutConfigures the RSSI timeout value for calibrating clients. The valid
range for the timeout parameter is 0 to 3600 seconds, and the default value is 5 seconds.
tags timeoutConfigures the RSSI timeout value for RFID tags. The valid range for the timeout
parameter is 5 to 300 seconds, and the default value is 5 seconds.
rogue-aps timeoutConfigures the RSSI timeout value for rogue access points. The valid range
for the timeout parameter is 5 to 3600 seconds, and the default value is 5 seconds.
Ensuring that recent, strong RSSIs are retained by the CPU is critical to location accuracy. The
config location expiry command enables you to specify the length of time after which old RSSI
averages expire.
Note
We recommend that you do not use or modify the config location expiry command.
Configure the RSSI half life for various devices by entering this command:
config location rssi-half-life ?
where ? is one of the following:
client half_lifeConfigures the RSSI half life for clients. The valid range for the half_life parameter
is 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 300 seconds, and the default value is 0 seconds.
calibrating-client half_lifeConfigures the RSSI half life for calibrating clients. The valid range
for the half_life parameter is 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 300 seconds, and the default
value is 0 seconds.
tags half_lifeConfigures the RSSI half life for RFID tags. The valid range for the half_life
parameter is 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 300 seconds, and the default value is 0
seconds.
rogue-aps half_lifeConfigures the RSSI half life for rogue access points. The valid range for
the half_life parameter is 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 300 seconds, and the default
value is 0 seconds.
Some client devices transmit at reduced power immediately after changing channels, and RF is
variable, so RSSI values might vary considerably from packet to packet. The config location
rssi-half-life command increases accuracy by averaging nonuniformly arriving data using a
configurable forget period (or half life).
Note
We recommend that you do not use or modify the config location rssi-half-life
command.
177
Configure the NMSP notification threshold for RSSI measurements by entering this command:
config location notify-threshold ?
where ? is one of the following:
client thresholdConfigures the NMSP notification threshold (in dB) for clients and rogue clients.
The valid range for the threshold parameter is 0 to 10 dB, and the default value is 0 dB.
tags thresholdConfigures the NMSP notification threshold (in dB) for RFID tags. The valid
range for the threshold parameter is 0 to 10 dB, and the default value is 0 dB.
rogue-aps thresholdConfigures the NMSP notification threshold (in dB) for rogue access points.
The valid range for the threshold parameter is 0 to 10 dB, and the default value is 0 dB.
Note
We recommend that you do not use or modify the config location notify-threshold
command.
Configure the algorithm used to average RSSI and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values by entering this
command:
config location algorithm ?
where ? is one of the following:
simpleSpecifies a faster algorithm that requires low CPU overhead but provides less accuracy.
rssi-averageSpecifies a more accurate algorithm but requires more CPU overhead.
Note
We recommend that you do not use or modify the config location algorithm command.
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See whether location presence (S69) is supported on a client by entering this command:
show client detail client_mac
When location presence is supported by a client and enabled on a location appliance, the location
appliance can provide the client with its location upon request. Location presence is enabled automatically
on CCXv5 clients.
Modifying the NMSP Notification Interval for Clients, RFID Tags, and Rogues (CLI)
The Network Mobility Services Protocol (NMSP) manages communication between the mobility services
engine and the controller for incoming and outgoing traffic. If your application requires more frequent location
updates, you can modify the NMSP notification interval (to a value between 1 and 180 seconds) for clients,
active RFID tags, and rogue access points and clients.
Note
Step 1
The TCP port (16113) that the controller and mobility services engine communicate over must be open
(not blocked) on any firewall that exists between the controller and the mobility services engine for NMSP
to function.
Set the NMSP notification interval value for clients, RFID tags, and rogue clients and access points by entering these
commands, where interval is a value between 1 and 180 seconds:
config nmsp notification interval rssi clients interval
config nmsp notification interval rssi rfid interval
config nmsp notification interval rssi rogues interval
Step 2
2
2
2
2
sec
sec
sec
sec
Spectrum Interval:
Interferer device............................... 2 sec
179
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Enter your username in the User Name text box. The default username is admin.
Step 4
Enter the wireless device password in the Password text box and press Enter. The default password is admin.
Step 5
Step 6
Click Reset.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
181
Step 1
Enter the reset system command. At the prompt that asks whether you need to save changes to the configuration, enter
N. The unit reboots.
Step 2
When you are prompted for a username, enter the recover-config command to restore the factory-default configuration.
The controller reboots and displays this message:
Welcome to the Cisco WLAN Solution Wizard Configuration Tool
Step 3
Use the configuration wizard to enter configuration settings. See the Configuring the ControllerUsing the CLI
Configuration Wizard section for more information.
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CHAPTER
Configuring VideoStream
This chapter contains the following sections:
Prerequisites for VideoStream, page 183
Restrictions for Configuring VideoStream, page 183
Information about VideoStream, page 183
Configuring VideoStream, page 184
183
Configuring VideoStream
Configuring VideoStream
The VideoStream feature makes the IP multicast stream delivery reliable over the air, by converting the
multicast frame to a unicast frame over the air. Each VideoStream client acknowledges receiving a video IP
multicast stream.
Configuring VideoStream
Configuring VideoStream (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
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Configuring VideoStream
Configuring VideoStream (GUI)
When you select a predefined template from the drop-down list, the following text boxes under the
Resource Reservation Control (RRC) Parameters list their default values that are assigned with the
template.
Average Packet Size (100-1500 bytes)Specifies the average packet size. The value can be in the range of 100
to 1500 bytes. The default value is 1200.
RRC Periodic updateEnables the RRC (Resource Reservation Control Check) Periodic update. By default,
this option is enabled. RRC periodically updates the admission decision on the admitted stream according to
the correct channel load. As a result, it may deny certain low priority admitted stream requests.
RRC Priority (1-8)Specifies the priority bit set in the media stream. The priority can be any number between
1 and 8. The larger the value means the higher the priority is. For example, a priority of 1 is the lowest value
and a value of 8 is the highest value. The default priority is 4. The low priority stream may be denied in the
RRC periodic update.
Traffic Profile ViolationSpecifies the action to perform in case of a violation after a re-RRC. Choose an
action from the drop-down list. The possible values are as follows:
DropSpecifies that a stream is dropped on periodic revaluation.
FallbackSpecifies that a stream is demoted to Best Effort class on periodic reevaluation.
The default value is drop.
h) Click Apply.
Step 3
Step 4
Set the EDCA parameters to voice and video optimized (optional) by following these steps:
a) Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > EDCA Parameters.
b) From the EDCA Profile drop-down list, choose the Voice and Video Optimized option.
c) Click Apply.
Step 5
Enable the admission control on a band for video (optional) by following these steps:
Note
Keep the voice bandwidth allocation to a minimum for better
performance.
a) Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Media to open the 802.11a/n (5 GHZ) or 802.11b/g/n > Media page.
b) Click the Video tab.
c) Select the Admission Control (ACM) check box to enable bandwidth-based CAC for this radio band. The default
value is disabled.
d) Click Apply.
Step 6
185
Configuring VideoStream
Configuring VideoStream (GUI)
Note
Note
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
The template bandwidth that is configured for a media stream should be more than the bandwidth for the source
media stream.
The voice configuration is optional. Keep the voice bandwidth allocation to a minimum for better performance.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Enable the 802.11 a/n or 802.11 b/g/n network by following these steps:
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Configuring VideoStream
Configuring VideoStream (CLI)
Verify that the clients are associated with the multicast groups and group IDs by following these steps:
a) Choose Monitor > Clients. The Clients page appears.
b) Check if the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n network clients have the associated access points.
c) Choose Monitor > Multicast. The Multicast Groups page appears.
d) Select the MGID check box for the VideoStream to the clients.
e) Click MGID. The Multicast Group Detail page appears. Check the Multicast Status details.
Configure the multicast-direct feature on WLANs media stream by entering this command:
config wlan media-stream multicast-direct {wlan_id | all} {enable | disable}
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
187
Configuring VideoStream
Viewing and Debugging Media Streams
Enable a specific enhanced distributed channel access (EDC) profile by entering this command:
config advanced{ 801.11a | 802.11b} edca-parameters optimized-video-voice
Step 8
Enable the admission control on the desired bandwidth by entering the following commands:
Enable bandwidth-based voice CAC for 802.11a or 802.11b/g network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice acm enable
Set the percentage of the maximum bandwidth allocated to clients for voice applications on the 802.11a or 802.11b/g
network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice max-bandwidth bandwidth
Configure the percentage of the maximum allocated bandwidth reserved for roaming voice clients on the 802.11a
or 802.11b/g network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cac voice roam-bandwidth bandwidth
Note
Step 9
For TSpec and SIP based CAC for video calls, only Static method is supported.
Set the maximum number of streams per radio and/or per client by entering these commands:
Set the maximum limit to the number multicast streams per radio by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} media-stream multicast-direct radio-maximum [value | no-limit]
Set the maximum number of multicast streams per client by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} media-stream multicast-direct client-maximum [value | no-limit]
Step 10
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Configuring VideoStream
Viewing and Debugging Media Streams
See details of the 802.11a or 802.11b media resource reservation configuration by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} media-stream rrc
Enable debugging of the media stream history by entering this command:
debug media-stream history {enable | disable}
189
Configuring VideoStream
Viewing and Debugging Media Streams
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CHAPTER
191
Layer 1 Solutions
The Cisco UWN security solution ensures that all clients gain access within a user-set number of attempts. If
a client fails to gain access within that limit, it is automatically excluded (blocked from access) until the
user-set timer expires. The operating system can also disable SSID broadcasts on a per-WLAN basis.
Layer 2 Solutions
If a higher level of security and encryption is required, you can also implement industry-standard security
solutions such as Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), and WPA2. The
Cisco UWN solution WPA implementation includes AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), TKIP and Michael
(temporal key integrity protocol and message integrity code checksum) dynamic keys, or WEP (Wired
Equivalent Privacy) static keys. Disabling is also used to automatically block Layer 2 access after a user-set
number of failed authentication attempts.
Regardless of the wireless security solution selected, all Layer 2 wired communications between controllers
and lightweight access points are secured by passing data through CAPWAP tunnels.
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Layer 3 Solutions
The WEP problem can be further solved using industry-standard Layer 3 security solutions such as passthrough
VPNs (virtual private networks).
The Cisco UWN solution supports local and RADIUS MAC (media access control) filtering. This filtering
is best suited to smaller client groups with a known list of 802.11 access card MAC addresses.
The Cisco UWN solution supports local and RADIUS user/password authentication. This authentication is
best suited to small to medium client groups.
Configuring RADIUS
Information About RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a client/server protocol that provides centralized
security for users attempting to gain management access to a network. It serves as a backend database similar
to local and TACACS+ and provides authentication and accounting services:
AuthenticationThe process of verifying users when they attempt to log into the controller.
Users must enter a valid username and password in order for the controller to authenticate users to the
RADIUS server. If multiple databases are configured, you can specify the sequence in which the backend
database must be tired.
AccountingThe process of recording user actions and changes.
Whenever a user successfully executes an action, the RADIUS accounting server logs the changed
attributes, the user ID of the person who made the change, the remote host where the user is logged in,
the date and time when the command was executed, the authorization level of the user, and a description
193
of the action performed and the values provided. If the RADIUS accounting server becomes unreachable,
users are able to continue their sessions uninterrupted.
RADIUS uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for its transport. It maintains a database and listens on UDP
port 1812 for incoming authentication requests and UDP port 1813 for incoming accounting requests. The
controller, which requires access control, acts as the client and requests AAA services from the server. The
traffic between the controller and the server is encrypted by an algorithm defined in the protocol and a shared
secret key configured on both devices.
You can configure multiple RADIUS accounting and authentication servers. For example, you may want to
have one central RADIUS authentication server but several RADIUS accounting servers in different regions.
If you configure multiple servers of the same type and the first one fails or becomes unreachable, the controller
automatically tries the second one, then the third one if necessary, and so on.
When a management user is authenticated using a RADIUS server, only the PAP protocol is used. For web
authentication users, PAP, MSCHAPv2 and MD5 security mechanisms are supported.
RADIUS Server Support
You can configure up to 17 RADIUS authentication and accounting servers each.
If multiple RADIUS servers are configured for redundancy, the user database must be identical in all
the servers for the backup to work properly.
One Time Passwords (OTPs) are supported on the controller using RADIUS. In this configuration, the
controller acts as a transparent passthrough device. The controller forwards all client requests to the
RADIUS server without inspecting the client behavior. When using OTP, the client must establish a
single connection to the controller to function properly. The controller currently does not have any
intelligence or checks to correct a client that is trying to establish multiple connections.
To create a read-only controller user on the RADIUS sever, you must set the service type to NAS prompt
instead of Callback NAS prompt. If you set the service type to Callback NAS Prompt, the user
authentication fails while setting it to NAS prompt gives the user read-only access to the controller.
Also, the Callback Administrative service type gives the user the lobby ambassador privileges to the
controller.
Radius ACS Support
You must configure RADIUS on both your CiscoSecure Access Control Server (ACS) and your controller.
RADIUS is supported on CiscoSecure ACS version 3.2 and later releases. See the CiscoSecure ACS
documentation for the version that you are running.
Primary and Fallback RADIUS Servers
The primary RADIUS server (the server with the lowest server index) is assumed to be the most preferable
server for the controller. If the primary server becomes unresponsive, the controller switches to the next active
backup server (the server with the next lowest server index). The controller continues to use this backup server,
unless you configure the controller to fall back to the primary RADIUS server when it recovers and becomes
responsive or to a more preferable server from the available backup servers.
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Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In the AAA Client Hostname text box, enter the name of your controller.
In the AAA Client IP Address text box, enter the IP address of your controller.
In the Shared Secret text box, enter the shared secret key to be used for authentication between the server and the
controller.
Note
The shared secret key must be the same on both the server and the
controller.
195
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
Step 18
Step 19
Step 20
From the Authenticate Using drop-down list, choose RADIUS (Cisco Airespace).
Click Submit + Apply to save your changes.
Choose Interface Configuration on the ACS main page.
Choose RADIUS (Cisco Aironet). The RADIUS (Cisco Aironet) page appears.
Under User Group, select the Cisco-Aironet-Session-Timeout check box.
Click Submit to save your changes.
On the ACS main page, from the left navigation pane, choose System Configuration.
Choose Logging.
When the Logging Configuration page appears, enable all of the events that you want to be logged and save your changes.
On the ACS main page, from the left navigation pane, choose Group Setup.
Choose a previously created group from the Group drop-down list.
Note
This step assumes that you have already assigned users to groups on the ACS according to the roles to which
they will be assigned.
Click Edit Settings. The Group Setup page appears.
Under Cisco Aironet Attributes, select the Cisco-Aironet-Session-Timeout check box and enter a session timeout
value in the edit box.
Specify read-only or read-write access to controllers through RADIUS authentication, by setting the Service-Type
attribute (006) to Callback NAS Prompt for read-only access or to Administrative for read-write privileges. If you do
not set this attribute, the authentication process completes successfully (without an authorization error on the controller),
but you might be prompted to authenticate again.
Note
If you set the Service-Type attribute on the ACS, make sure to select the Management check box on the RADIUS
Authentication Servers page of the controller GUI.
Click Submit to save your changes.
If you want to delete an existing server, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that server and choose
Remove.
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If you want to make sure that the controller can reach a particular server, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down
arrow for that server and choose Ping.
Step 3
From the Call Station ID Type drop-down list, choose the option that is sent to the RADIUS server in the Access-Request
message. The following options are available:
IP Address
System MAC Address
AP MAC Address
AP MAC Address:SSID
AP Name:SSID
AP Name
AP Group
Flex Group
AP Location
VLAN ID
The AP Name:SSID, AP Name, AP Group, Flex Group, AP Location, and VLAN ID options are added in the
7.4 release.
Enable RADIUS-to-controller key transport using AES key wrap protection by selecting the Use AES Key Wrap check
box. The default value is unselected. This feature is required for FIPS customers.
Click Apply. Perform one of the following:
Note
Step 4
Step 5
To edit an existing RADIUS server, click the server index number for that server. The RADIUS Authentication
(or Accounting) Servers > Edit page appears.
To add a RADIUS server, click New. The RADIUS Authentication (or Accounting) Servers > New page appears.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
If you are adding a new server, choose a number from the Server Index (Priority) drop-down list to specify the priority
order of this server in relation to any other configured RADIUS servers providing the same service.
If you are adding a new server, enter the IP address of the RADIUS server in the Server IP Address text box.
From the Shared Secret Format drop-down list, choose ASCII or Hex to specify the format of the shared secret key
to be used between the controller and the RADIUS server. The default value is ASCII.
In the Shared Secret and Confirm Shared Secret text boxes, enter the shared secret key to be used for authentication
between the controller and the server.
Note
The shared secret key must be the same on both the server and the controller.
If you are configuring a new RADIUS authentication server and want to enable AES key wrap, which makes the shared
secret between the controller and the RADIUS server more secure, follow these steps:
Note
AES key wrap is designed for Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) customers and requires a
key-wrap compliant RADIUS authentication server.
a) Select the Key Wrap check box.
b) From the Key Wrap Format drop-down list, choose ASCII or HEX to specify the format of the AES key wrap
keys: Key Encryption Key (KEK) and Message Authentication Code Key (MACK).
197
c) In the Key Encryption Key (KEK) text box, enter the 16-byte KEK.
d) In the Message Authentication Code Key (MACK) text box, enter the 20-byte KEK.
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
If you are adding a new server, enter the RADIUS servers UDP port number for the interface protocols in the Port
Number text box. The valid range is 1 to 65535, and the default value is 1812 for authentication and 1813 for accounting.
From the Server Status text box, choose Enabled to enable this RADIUS server or choose Disabled to disable it. The
default value is enabled.
If you are configuring a new RADIUS authentication server, choose Enabled from the Support for RFC 3576 drop-down
list to enable RFC 3576, which is an extension to the RADIUS protocol that allows dynamic changes to a user session,
or choose Disabled to disable this feature. The default value is Enabled. RFC 3576 includes support for disconnecting
users and changing authorizations applicable to a user session and supports disconnect and change-of-authorization
(CoA) messages. Disconnect messages cause a user session to be terminated immediately where CoA messages modify
session authorization attributes such as data filters.
In the Server Timeout text box, enter the number of seconds between retransmissions. The valid range is 2 to 30 seconds,
and the default value is 2 seconds.
Select the Key Wrap check box.
Note
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
Step 18
We recommend that you increase the timeout value if you experience repeated reauthentication attempts or the
controller falls back to the backup server when the primary server is active and reachable.
Select the Network User check box to enable network user authentication (or accounting), or unselect it to disable this
feature. The default value is selected. If you enable this feature, this entry is considered the RADIUS authentication (or
accounting) server for network users. If you did not configure a RADIUS server entry on the WLAN, you must enable
this option for network users.
If you are configuring a RADIUS authentication server, select the Management check box to enable management
authentication, or unselect it to disable this feature. The default value is selected. If you enable this feature, this entry is
considered the RADIUS authentication server for management users, and authentication requests go to the RADIUS
server.
Select the IPSec check box to enable the IP security mechanism, or unselect it to disable this feature. The default value
is unselected.
If you enabled IPsec in Step 17, follow these steps to configure additional IPsec parameters:
a) From the IPSec drop-down list, choose one of the following options as the authentication protocol to be used for IP
security: HMAC MD5 or HMAC SHA1. The default value is HMAC SHA1.
A message authentication code (MAC) is used between two parties that share a secret key to validate information
transmitted between them. HMAC (Hash MAC) is based on cryptographic hash functions. It can be used in combination
with any iterated cryptographic hash function. HMAC MD5 and HMAC SHA1 are two constructs of the HMAC
using the MD5 hash function and the SHA1 hash function. HMAC also uses a secret key for calculation and verification
of the message authentication values.
b) From the IPSec Encryption drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify the IP security encryption
mechanism:
DESData Encryption Standard that is a method of data encryption using a private (secret) key. DES applies
a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data.
3DESData Encryption Standard that applies three keys in succession. This is the default value.
AES CBCAdvanced Encryption Standard that uses keys with a length of 128, 192, or 256 bits to encrypt
data blocks with a length of 128, 192, or 256 bits. AES 128 CBC uses a 128-bit data path in Cipher Block
Chaining (CBC) mode.
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c) From the IKE Phase 1 drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify the Internet Key Exchange
(IKE) protocol: Aggressive or Main. The default value is Aggressive.
IKE Phase 1 is used to negotiate how IKE should be protected. Aggressive mode passes more information in fewer
packets with the benefit of slightly faster connection establishment at the cost of transmitting the identities of the
security gateways in the clear.
d) In the Lifetime text box, enter a value (in seconds) to specify the timeout interval for the session. The valid range is
1800 to 57600 seconds, and the default value is 1800 seconds.
e) From the IKE Diffie Hellman Group drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify the IKE Diffie
Hellman group: Group 1 (768 bits), Group 2 (1024 bits), or Group 5 (1536 bits). The default value is Group 1
(768 bits).
Diffie-Hellman techniques are used by two devices to generate a symmetric key through which they can publicly
exchange values and generate the same symmetric key. Although all three groups provide security from conventional
attacks, Group 5 is considered more secure because of its larger key size. However, computations involving Group
1 and Group 2 based keys might occur slightly faster because of their smaller prime number size.
Step 19
Step 20
Step 21
Step 22
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Repeat the previous steps if you want to configure any additional services on the same server or any additional RADIUS
servers.
Specify the RADIUS server fallback behavior, as follows:
a) Choose Security > AAA > RADIUS > Fallback to open the RADIUS > Fallback Parameters to open the fallback
parameters page.
b) From the Fallback Mode drop-down list, choose one of the following options:
OffDisables RADIUS server fallback. This is the default value.
PassiveCauses the controller to revert to a server with a lower priority from the available backup servers
without using extraneous probe messages. The controller ignores all inactive servers for a time period and retries
later when a RADIUS message needs to be sent.
ActiveCauses the controller to revert to a server with a lower priority from the available backup servers by
using RADIUS probe messages to proactively determine whether a server that has been marked inactive is back
online. The controller ignores all inactive servers for all active RADIUS requests. Once the primary server
receives a response from the recovered ACS server, the active fallback RADIUS server no longer sends probe
messages to the server requesting the active probe authentication.
c) If you enabled Active fallback mode in Step b, enter the name to be sent in the inactive server probes in the Username
text box. You can enter up to 16 alphanumeric characters. The default value is cisco-probe.
d) If you enabled Active fallback mode in Step b, enter the probe interval value (in seconds) in the Interval in Sec text
box. The interval serves as inactive time in passive mode and probe interval in active mode. The valid range is 180
to 3600 seconds, and the default value is 300 seconds.
Step 23
Step 24
Specify the order of authentication when multiple databases are configured by choosing Security > Priority Order >
Management User. The Priority Order > Management User page appears.
In the Order Used for Authentication text box, specify which servers have priority when the controller attempts to
authenticate management users. Use the > and < buttons to move servers between the Not Used and Order Used for
Authentication text boxes. After the desired servers appear in the Order Used for Authentication text box, use the Up
and Down buttons to move the priority server to the top of the list.
199
By default, the local database is always queried first. If the username is not found, the controller switches to the RADIUS
server if configured for RADIUS or to the TACACS+ server if configured for TACACS+. The default setting is local
and then RADIUS.
Step 25
Step 26
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Note
Caution
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201
users. If you did not configure a RADIUS server entry on the WLAN, you must enable this option
for network users.
config radius acct ipsec {enable | disable} indexEnables or disables the IP security mechanism.
config radius acct ipsec authentication {hmac-md5 | hmac-sha1} indexConfigures the
authentication protocol to be used for IP security.
config radius acct ipsec encryption {3des | aes | des | none} indexConfigures the IP security
encryption mechanism.
config radius acct ipsec ike dh-group {group-1 | group-2 | group-5} indexConfigures the IKE
Diffie Hellman group.
config radius acct ipsec ike lifetime interval indexConfigures the timeout interval for the
session.
config radius acct ipsec ike phase1{aggressive | main} indexConfigures the Internet Key
Exchange (IKE) protocol.
config radius acct {enable | disable} indexEnables or disables a RADIUS accounting server.
config radius acct delete indexDeletes a previously added RADIUS accounting server.
Configure the RADIUS server fallback behavior by entering this command:
config radius fallback-test mode {off | passive | active}
where
off disables RADIUS server fallback.
passive causes the controller to revert to a server with a lower priority from the available backup
servers without using extraneous probe messages. The controller simply ignores all inactive servers
for a time period and retries later when a RADIUS message needs to be sent.
active causes the controller to revert to a server with a lower priority from the available backup
servers by using RADIUS probe messages to proactively determine whether a server that has been
marked inactive is back online. The controller simply ignores all inactive servers for all active
RADIUS requests. Once the primary server receives a response from the recovered ACS server,
the active fallback RADIUS server no longer sends probe messages to the server requesting the
active probe authentication.
If you enabled Active mode in Step 5, enter these commands to configure additional fallback parameters:
config radius fallback-test username usernameSpecifies the name to be sent in the inactive
server probes. You can enter up to 16 alphanumeric characters for the username parameter.
config radius fallback-test interval intervalSpecifies the probe interval value (in seconds).
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Configure the order of authentication when multiple databases are configured by entering this command:
config aaa auth mgmt AAA_server_type AAA_server_type
where AAA_server_type is local, radius, or tacacs.
To see the current management authentication server order, enter the show aaa auth command.
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Attribute ID
Description
User-Name
Password
CHAP-Password
NAS-IP-Address
NAS-Port
Service-Type4
12
Framed-MTU
30
31
32
NAS-Identifier
33
Proxy-State
60
CHAP-Challenge
203
Attribute ID
Description
61
NAS-Port-Type
79
EAP-Message
243
TPLUS-Role
4 To specify read-only or read-write access to controllers through RADIUS authentication, you must set the Service-Type attribute (6) on the RADIUS server
to Callback NAS Prompt for read-only access or to Administrative for read-write privileges.
Note
Attribute ID
Description
Cisco-LEAP-Session-Key
Cisco-Keywrap-Msg-Auth-Code
Cisco-Keywrap-NonCE
Cisco-Keywrap-Key
Cisco-URL-Redirect
Cisco-URL-Redirect-ACL
Attribute ID
Description
Framed-IP-Address
25
Class
26
Vendor-Specific
27
Timeout
29
Termination-Action
40
Acct-Status-Type
64
Tunnel-Type
79
EAP-Message
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81
Note
Tunnel-Group-ID
Attribute ID
Description
11
MS-CHAP-Challenge
16
MS-MPPE-Send-Key
17
MS-MPPE-Receive-Key
25
MS-MSCHAP2-Response
26
MS-MSCHAP2-Success
Attribute ID
Description
VAP-ID
DSCP
8021P-Type
VLAN-Interface-Name
ACL-Name
Data-Bandwidth-Average-Contract
Real-Time-Bandwidth-Average-Contract
Data-Bandwidth-Burst-Contract
10
Real-Time-Bandwidth-Burst-Contract
11
Guest-Role-Name
13
Data-Bandwidth-Average-Contract-US
14
Real-Time-Bandwidth-Average-Contract-US
15
Data-Bandwidth-Burst-Contract-US
16
Real-Time-Bandwidth-Burst-Contract-US
205
Attribute ID
Description
User-Name
NAS-IP-Address
NAS-Port
Framed-IP-Address
25
Class
30
31
32
NAS-Identifier
40
Accounting-Status-Type
41
42
43
44
Accounting-Session-ID
45
Accounting-Authentic
46
47
48
49
52
Accounting-Input-Gigawords
53
Accounting-Output-Gigawords
55
Event-Timestamp
64
Tunnel-Type
65
Tunnel-Medium-Type
81
Tunnel-Group-ID
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This table lists the different values for the Accounting-Status-Type attribute (40).
Table 13: Accounting-Status-Type Attribute Values
Attribute ID
Description
Start
Stop
Interim-Update
Accounting-On
Accounting-Off
9-14
15
Configuring TACACS+
Information About TACACS+
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) is a client/server protocol that provides
centralized security for users attempting to gain management access to a controller. It serves as a backend
database similar to local and RADIUS. However, local and RADIUS provide only authentication support and
limited authorization support while TACACS+ provides three services:
AuthenticationThe process of verifying users when they attempt to log into the controller.
Users must enter a valid username and password in order for the controller to authenticate users to the
TACACS+ server. The authentication and authorization services are tied to one another. For example,
if authentication is performed using the local or RADIUS database, then authorization would use the
permissions associated with the user in the local or RADIUS database (which are read-only, read-write,
and lobby-admin) and not use TACACS+. Similarly, when authentication is performed using TACACS+,
authorization is tied to TACACS+.
Note
When multiple databases are configured, you can use the controller GUI or CLI to
specify the sequence in which the backend databases should be tried.
AuthorizationThe process of determining the actions that users are allowed to take on the controller
based on their level of access.
For TACACS+, authorization is based on privilege (or role) rather than specific actions. The available
roles correspond to the seven menu options on the controller GUI: MONITOR, WLAN, CONTROLLER,
WIRELESS, SECURITY, MANAGEMENT, and COMMANDS. An additional role, LOBBY, is available
for users who require only lobby ambassador privileges. The roles to which users are assigned are
configured on the TACACS+ server. Users can be authorized for one or more roles. The minimum
207
authorization is MONITOR only, and the maximum is ALL, which authorizes the user to execute the
functionality associated with all seven menu options. For example, a user who is assigned the role of
SECURITY can make changes to any items appearing on the Security menu (or designated as security
commands in the case of the CLI). If users are not authorized for a particular role (such as WLAN), they
can still access that menu option in read-only mode (or the associated CLI show commands). If the
TACACS+ authorization server becomes unreachable or unable to authorize, users are unable to log
into the controller.
Note
If users attempt to make changes on a controller GUI page that are not permitted for
their assigned role, a message appears indicating that they do not have sufficient privilege.
If users enter a controller CLI command that is not permitted for their assigned role, a
message may appear indicating that the command was successfully executed although
it was not. In this case, the following additional message appears to inform users that
they lack sufficient privileges to successfully execute the command: Insufficient
Privilege! Cannot execute command!
Note
If multiple TACACS+ servers are configured for redundancy, the user database must be identical in all
the servers for the backup to work properly.
The following are some guidelines about TACACS+:
You must configure TACACS+ on both your CiscoSecure Access Control Server (ACS) and your
controller. You can configure the controller through either the GUI or the CLI.
TACACS+ is supported on CiscoSecure ACS version 3.2 and later releases. See the CiscoSecure ACS
documentation for the version that you are running.
One Time Passwords (OTPs) are supported on the controller using TACACS. In this configuration, the
controller acts as a transparent passthrough device. The controller forwards all client requests to the
TACACS server without inspecting the client behavior. When using OTP, the client must establish a
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single connection to the controller to function properly. The controller currently does not have any
intelligence or checks to correct a client that is trying to establish multiple connections.
We recommend that you increase the retransmit timeout value for TACACS+ authentication, authorization,
and accounting servers if you experience repeated reauthentication attempts or the controller falls back
to the backup server when the primary server is active and reachable. The default retransmit timeout
value is 2 seconds and you can increase the retransmit timeout value to a maximum of 30 seconds.
TACACS+ VSA
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) draft standard specifies a method for communicating
vendor-specific attributes (VSAs) between the network access server and the TACACS+ server. The IETF
uses attribute 26. VSAs allow vendors to support their own extended attributes that are not suitable for general
use.
The Cisco TACACS+ implementation supports one vendor-specific option using the format recommended
in the IETF specification. The Cisco vendor ID is 9, and the supported option is vendor type 1, which is named
cisco-av-pair. The value is a string with the following format:
protocol : attribute separator value *
The protocol is a Cisco attribute for a particular type of authorization, the separator is = (equal sign) for
mandatory attributes, and * (asterisk) indicates optional attributes.
209
Step 2
Choose Add Entry under AAA Clients to add your controller to the server. The Add AAA Client page appears.
Figure 25: Add AAA Client Page on CiscoSecure ACS
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In the AAA Client Hostname text box, enter the name of your controller.
In the AAA Client IP Address text box, enter the IP address of your controller.
In the Shared Secret text box, enter the shared secret key to be used for authentication between the server and the controller.
Note
The shared secret key must be the same on both the server and the
controller.
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Step 6
From the Authenticate Using drop-down list, choose TACACS+ (Cisco IOS).
Step 7
Step 8
On the ACS main page, in the left navigation pane, choose Interface Configuration.
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Under New Services, select the first check box and enter ciscowlc in the Service text box and common in the Protocol
text box.
Under Advanced Configuration Options, select the Advanced TACACS+ Features check box.
Step 13
Step 14
On the ACS main page, in the left navigation pane, choose System Configuration.
Step 15
Choose Logging.
Step 16
Step 17
When the Logging Configuration page appears, enable all of the events that you want to be logged and save your changes.
Step 18
Step 19
Step 20
Step 21
Step 22
In the text box below Custom Attributes, specify the roles that you want to assign to this group. The available roles are
MONITOR, WLAN, CONTROLLER, WIRELESS, SECURITY, MANAGEMENT, COMMANDS, ALL, and LOBBY.
The first seven correspond to the menu options on the controller GUI and allow access to those particular controller
features. If a user is not entitled for a particular task, the user is still allowed to access that task in read-only mode. You
can enter one or multiple roles, depending on the group's needs. Use ALL to specify all seven roles or LOBBY to specify
the lobby ambassador role. Enter the roles using this format:
rolex=ROLE
On the ACS main page, in the left navigation pane, choose Group Setup.
For example, to specify the WLAN, CONTROLLER, and SECURITY roles for a particular user group, you would enter
the following text:
role1=WLAN
role2=CONTROLLER
role3=SECURITY?
To give a user group access to all seven roles, you would enter the following text:
role1=ALL?
Step 23
Note
Make sure to enter the roles using the format shown above. The roles must be in all uppercase letters, and there
can be no spaces within the text.
Note
You should not combine the MONITOR role or the LOBBY role with any other roles. If you specify one of
these two roles in the Custom Attributes text box, users will have MONITOR or LOBBY privileges only, even
if additional roles are specified.
211
The pages used to configure authentication, authorization, and accounting all contain the same text boxes.
Therefore, these instructions walk through the configuration only once, using the Authentication pages as
examples. You would follow the same steps to configure multiple services and/or multiple servers.
Note
For basic management authentication via TACACS+ to succeed, it is required to configure authentication and
authorization servers on the WLC. Accounting configuration is optional.
The TACACS+ (Authentication, Authorization, or Accounting) Servers page appears. This page lists any TACACS+
servers that have already been configured.
If you want to delete an existing server, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that server and choose
Remove.
If you want to make sure that the controller can reach a particular server, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down
arrow for that server and choose Ping.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
If you are adding a new server, choose a number from the Server Index (Priority) drop-down list to specify the priority
order of this server in relation to any other configured TACACS+ servers providing the same service. You can configure
up to three servers. If the controller cannot reach the first server, it tries the second one in the list and then the third if
necessary.
If you are adding a new server, enter the IP address of the TACACS+ server in the Server IP Address text box.
From the Shared Secret Format drop-down list, choose ASCII or Hex to specify the format of the shared secret key
to be used between the controller and the TACACS+ server. The default value is ASCII.
In the Shared Secret and Confirm Shared Secret text boxes, enter the shared secret key to be used for authentication
between the controller and the server.
Note
The shared secret key must be the same on both the server and the
controller.
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Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
If you are adding a new server, enter the TACACS+ servers TCP port number for the interface protocols in the Port
Number text box. The valid range is 1 to 65535, and the default value is 49.
In the Server Status text box, choose Enabled to enable this TACACS+ server or choose Disabled to disable it. The
default value is Enabled.
In the Server Timeout text box, enter the number of seconds between retransmissions. The valid range is 5 to 30 seconds,
and the default value is 5 seconds.
Note
We recommend that you increase the timeout value if you experience repeated reauthentication attempts or the
controller falls back to the backup server when the primary server is active and reachable.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Repeat the previous steps if you want to configure any additional services on the same server or any additional TACACS+
servers.
Specify the order of authentication when multiple databases are configured by choosing Security > Priority Order >
Management User. The Priority Order > Management User page appears.
In the Order Used for Authentication text box, specify which servers have priority when the controller attempts to
authenticate management users.
Use the > and < buttons to move servers between the Not Used and Order Used for Authentication text boxes. After
the desired servers appear in the Order Used for Authentication text box, use the Up and Down buttons to move the
priority server to the top of the list. By default, the local database is always queried first. If the username is not found,
the controller switches to the RADIUS server if configured for RADIUS or to the TACACS+ server if configured for
TACACS+. The default setting is local and then RADIUS.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
213
On the ACS main page, in the left navigation pane, choose Reports and Activity.
Under Reports, choose TACACS+ Administration.
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Click the .csv file corresponding to the date of the logs you want to view. The TACACS+ Administration .csv page
appears.
Figure 26: TACACS+ Administration .csv Page on CiscoSecure ACS
215
maybe logged while the IP address and community name are logged as E. See the first and third lines in the example
in this figure.
Figure 27: TACACS+ Administration .csv Page on CiscoSecure ACS
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Choose Security > AAA > General to open the General page.
In the Maximum Local Database Entries text box, enter a value for the maximum number of entries that can be added
to the local database the next time the controller reboots. The currently configured value appears in parentheses to the
right of the text box. The valid range is 512 to 2048, and the default setting is 2048.
The Number of Entries, Already Used text box shows the number of entries currently in the database.
Step 3
Step 4
Specify the maximum number of entries that can be added to the local database the next time the controller reboots by
entering this command:
config database size max_entries
Step 2
Step 3
View the maximum number of database entries and the current database contents by entering this command:
show database summary
217
Note
The controller passes client information to the RADIUS authentication server first. If the client information
does not match a RADIUS database entry, the RADIUS authentication server replies with an authentication
failure message. If the RADIUS authentication server does not reply, then the local user database is queried.
Clients located in this database are granted access to network services if the RADIUS authentication fails
or does not exist.
Choose Security > AAA > Local Net Users to open the Local Net Users page.
Note
If you want to delete an existing user, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that user and choose
Remove.
Step 2
Step 3
If you are adding a new user, enter a username for the local user in the User Name text box. You can enter up to 24
alphanumeric characters.
Note
Local network usernames must be unique because they are all stored in the same database.
Step 4
In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter a password for the local user. You can enter up to 24
alphanumeric characters.
If you are adding a new user, select the Guest User check box if you want to limit the amount of time that the user has
access to the local network. The default setting is unselected.
If you are adding a new user and you selected the Guest User check box, enter the amount of time (in seconds) that the
guest user account is to remain active in the Lifetime text box. The valid range is 60 to 2,592,000 seconds (30 days)
inclusive, and the default setting is 86,400 seconds.
If you are adding a new user, you selected the Guest User check box, and you want to assign a QoS role to this guest
user, select the Guest User Role check box. The default setting is unselected.
Note
If you do not assign a QoS role to a guest user, the bandwidth contracts for this user are defined in the QoS
profile for the WLAN.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
If you are adding a new user and you selected the Guest User Role check box, choose the QoS role that you want to
assign to this guest user from the Role drop-down list.
From the WLAN Profile drop-down list, choose the name of the WLAN that is to be accessed by the local user. If you
choose Any WLAN, which is the default setting, the user can access any of the configured WLANs.
In the Description text box, enter a descriptive title for the local user (such as User 1).
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
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Note
Instead of adding a permanent user or a guest user to the local user database from the controller, you can
choose to create an entry on the RADIUS server for the user and enable RADIUS authentication for the
WLAN on which web authentication is performed.
config netuser delete usernameDeletes a user from the local user database on the controller.
Note
Local network usernames must be unique because they are all stored in the same database.
See information related to the local network users configured on the controller by entering these
commands:
show netuser detail usernameShows the configuration of a particular user in the local user
database.
show netuser summaryLists all the users in the local user database.
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Additional References
To know more about configuring local network users, see Configuring Local EAP, on page 225.
219
same is enforced from that time and the strength of previously added passwords will not be checked or
altered.
Depending on the settings done in the Password Policy page, the local management and access point
user configuration is affected.
Choose Security > AAA > Password Policies to open the Password Policies page.
Step 2
Select the Password must contain characters from at least 3 different classes check box if you want your password
to contain characters from at least three of the following classes: lower case letters, upper case letters, digits, and special
characters.
Step 3
Step 6
Select the No character can be repeated more than 3 times consecutively check box if you do not want character in
the new password to repeat more than three times consecutively.
Select the Password cannot be the default words like cisco, admin check box if you do not want the password to
contain words such as Cisco, ocsic, admin, nimda, or any variant obtained by changing the capitalization of letters or by
substituting 1, |, or! or substituting 0 for o or substituting $ for s.
Select the Password cannot contain username or reverse of username check box if you do not want the password to
contain a username or the reverse letters of a username.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 7
Step 4
Step 5
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Configuring LDAP
This section explains how to configure a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server as a backend
database, similar to a RADIUS or local user database.
Note
The LDAP backend database supports these local EAP methods: EAP-TLS, EAP-FAST/GTC, and
PEAPv1/GTC. LEAP, EAP-FAST/MSCHAPv2, and PEAPv0/MSCHAPv2 are also supported but only
if the LDAP server is set up to return a clear-text password.
Note
Cisco wireless LAN controllers support Local EAP authentication against external LDAP databases such
as Microsoft Active Directory and Novells eDirectory. For more information about configuring the
controller for Local EAP authentication against Novells eDirectory, see the Configure Unified Wireless
Network for Authentication Against Novell's eDirectory Database whitepaper at http://www.cisco.com/
en/US/products/ps6366/products_white_paper09186a0080b4cd24.shtml.
Choose Security > AAA > LDAP to open the LDAP Servers page.
221
If you want to delete an existing LDAP server, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that server
and choose Remove.
If you want to make sure that the controller can reach a particular server, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down
arrow for that server and choose Ping.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
If you are adding a new server, enter the IP address of the LDAP server in the Server IP Address text box.
If you are adding a new server, enter the LDAP servers TCP port number in the Port Number text box. The valid range
is 1 to 65535, and the default value is 389.
From the Server Mode drop-down list, choose None.
Select the Enable Server Status check box to enable this LDAP server or unselect it to disable it. The default value is
disabled.
From the Simple Bind drop-down list, choose Anonymous or Authenticated to specify the local authentication bind
method for the LDAP server. The Anonymous method allows anonymous access to the LDAP server. The Authenticated
method requires that a username and password be entered to secure access. The default value is Anonymous.
If you chose Authenticated in the previous step, follow these steps:
a) In the Bind Username text box, enter a username to be used for local authentication to the LDAP server. The username
can contain up to 80 characters.
Note
If the username starts with cn= (in lowercase letters), the controller assumes that the username includes
the entire LDAP database path and does not append the user base DN. This designation allows the
authenticated bind user to be outside the user base DN.
b) In the Bind Username text box, enter a username to be used for local authentication to the LDAP server. The username
can contain up to 80 characters.
Step 9
In the User Base DN text box, enter the distinguished name (DN) of the subtree in the LDAP server that contains a list
of all the users. For example, ou=organizational unit, .ou=next organizational unit, and o=corporation.com. If the tree
containing users is the base DN, type.
o=corporation.com
or
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dc=corporation,dc=com
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
In the User Attribute text box, enter the name of the attribute in the user record that contains the username. You can
obtain this attribute from your directory server.
In the User Object Type text box, enter the value of the LDAP objectType attribute that identifies the record as a user.
Often, user records have several values for the objectType attribute, some of which are unique to the user and some of
which are shared with other object types.
In the Server Timeout text box, enter the number of seconds between retransmissions. The valid range is 2 to 30 seconds,
and the default value is 2 seconds.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Specify LDAP as the priority backend database server for local EAP authentication as follows:
a) Choose Security > Local EAP > Authentication Priority to open the Priority Order > Local-Auth page.
b) Highlight LOCAL and click < to move it to the left User Credentials box.
c) Highlight LDAP and click > to move it to the right User Credentials box. The database that appears at the top of the
right User Credentials box is used when retrieving user credentials.
Note
If both LDAP and LOCAL appear in the right User Credentials box with LDAP on the top and LOCAL on
the bottom, local EAP attempts to authenticate clients using the LDAP backend database and fails over to
the local user database if the LDAP servers are not reachable. If the user is not found, the authentication
attempt is rejected. If LOCAL is on the top, local EAP attempts to authenticate using only the local user
database. It does not fail over to the LDAP backend database.
d) Click Apply to commit your changes.
e) Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 16
Step 17
223
Server Address
--------------2.3.1.4
10.10.20.22
Port
---389
389
Enabled
------No
Yes
show ldap indexShows detailed LDAP server information. Information like the following
appears:
Server Index..................................... 2
Address.......................................... 10.10.20.22
Port............................................. 389
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Enabled.......................................... Yes
User DN.......................................... ou=active,ou=employees,ou=people,
o=cisco.com
User Attribute................................... uid
User Type........................................ Person
Retransmit Timeout............................... 2 seconds
Bind Method ..................................... Authenticated
Bind Username................................. user1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Server Index..................................... 2
..
show wlan wlan_idShows the LDAP servers that are applied to a WLAN.
Make sure the controller can reach the LDAP server by entering this command:
ping server_ip_address
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Enable or disable debugging for LDAP by entering this command:
debug aaa ldap {enable | disable}
Additional References
For more information about configuring LEAP, see the Configuring Local EAP, on page 225 section
225
external authentication server. Local EAP retrieves user credentials from the local user database or the LDAP
backend database to authenticate users. Local EAP supports LEAP, EAP-FAST, EAP-TLS, P
EAPv0/MSCHAPv2, and PEAPv1/GTC authentication between the controller and wireless clients.
Note
The LDAP backend database supports these local EAP methods: EAP-TLS, EAP-FAST/GTC, and
PEAPv1/GTC. LEAP, EAP-FAST/MSCHAPv2, and PEAPv0/MSCHAPv2 are also supported but only
if the LDAP server is set up to return a clear-text password.
Note
Cisco wireless LAN controllers support Local EAP authentication against external LDAP databases such
as Microsoft Active Directory and Novells eDirectory. For more information about configuring the
controller for Local EAP authentication against Novells eDirectory, see the Configure Unified Wireless
Network for Authentication Against Novell's eDirectory Database whitepaper at http://www.cisco.com/
en/US/products/ps6366/products_white_paper09186a0080b4cd24.shtml.
If any RADIUS servers are configured on the controller, the controller tries to authenticate the wireless clients
using the RADIUS servers first. Local EAP is attempted only if no RADIUS servers are found, either because
the RADIUS servers timed out or no RADIUS servers were configured. If four RADIUS servers are configured,
the controller attempts to authenticate the client with the first RADIUS server, then the second RADIUS
server, and then local EAP. If the client attempts to then reauthenticate manually, the controller tries the third
RADIUS server, then the fourth RADIUS server, and then local EAP. If you never want the controller to try
to authenticate clients using an external RADIUS server, enter these CLI commands in this order:
config wlan disable wlan_id
config wlan radius_server auth disable wlan_id
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227
Note
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
EAP-TLS, P EAPv0/MSCHAPv2, and PEAPv1/GTC use certificates for authentication, and EAP-FAST
uses either certificates or PACs. The controller is shipped with Cisco-installed device and Certificate
Authority (CA) certificates. However, if you want to use your own vendor-specific certificates, they must
be imported on the controller.
If you are configuring local EAP to use one of the EAP types listed in the note above, make sure that the appropriate
certificates and PACs (if you will use manual PAC provisioning) have been imported on the controller.
If you want the controller to retrieve user credentials from the local user database, make sure that you have properly
configured the local network users on the controller.
If you want the controller to retrieve user credentials from an LDAP backend database, make sure that you have properly
configured an LDAP server on the controller.
Specify the order in which user credentials are retrieved from the backend database servers as follows:
a) Choose Security > Local EAP > Authentication Priority to open the Priority Order > Local-Auth page.
b) Determine the priority order in which user credentials are to be retrieved from the local and/or LDAP databases. For
example, you may want the LDAP database to be given priority over the local user database, or you may not want
the LDAP database to be considered at all.
c) When you have decided on a priority order, highlight the desired database. Then use the left and right arrows and
the Up and Down buttons to move the desired database to the top of the right User Credentials box.
Note
If both LDAP and LOCAL appear in the right User Credentials box with LDAP on the top and LOCAL on
the bottom, local EAP attempts to authenticate clients using the LDAP backend database and fails over to
the local user database if the LDAP servers are not reachable. If the user is not found, the authentication
attempt is rejected. If LOCAL is on the top, local EAP attempts to authenticate using only the local user
database. It does not fail over to the LDAP backend database.
d) Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 5
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f) In the Request Timeout text box, enter the amount of time (in seconds) in which the controller attempts to send an
EAP request to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 120 seconds, and the default setting is 30
seconds.
g) In the Request Max Retries text box, enter the maximum number of times that the controller attempts to retransmit
the EAP request to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 120 retries, and the default setting is 20
retries.
h) From the Max-Login Ignore Identity Response drop-down list, choose Enable to limit the number of devices that
can be connected to the controller with the same username. You can log in up to eight times from different devices
(PDA, laptop, IP phone, and so on) on the same controller. The default value is enabled.
i) In the EAPOL-Key Timeout text box, enter the amount of time (in seconds) in which the controller attempts to send
an EAP key over the LAN to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 5 seconds, and the default
setting is 1 second.
Note
If the controller and access point are separated by a WAN link, the default timeout of 1 second may not be
sufficient.
j) In the EAPOL-Key Max Retries text box, enter the maximum number of times that the controller attempts to send
an EAP key over the LAN to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 0 to 4 retries, and the default setting
is 2 retries.
k) Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 6
Create a local EAP profile, which specifies the EAP authentication types that are supported on the wireless clients as
follows:
a) Choose Security > Local EAP > Profiles to open the Local EAP Profiles page.
This page lists any local EAP profiles that have already been configured and specifies their EAP types. You can
create up to 16 local EAP profiles.
Note
If you want to delete an existing profile, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that profile
and choose Remove.
b) Click New to open the Local EAP Profiles > New page.
c) In the Profile Name text box, enter a name for your new profile and then click Apply.
Note
You can enter up to 63 alphanumeric characters for the profile name. Make sure not to include spaces.
d) When the Local EAP Profiles page reappears, click the name of your new profile. The Local EAP Profiles > Edit
page appears.
e) Select the LEAP, EAP-FAST, EAP-TLS, and/or PEAP check boxes to specify the EAP type that can be used for
local authentication.
Note
You can specify more than one EAP type per profile. However, if you choose multiple EAP types that use
certificates (such as EAP-FAST with certificates, EAP-TLS, PEAPv0/MSCHAPv2, and PEAPv1/GTC), all
of the EAP types must use the same certificate (from either Cisco or another vendor).
Note
If you select the PEAP check box, both PEAPv0/MSCHAPv2 or PEAPv1/GTC are enabled on the controller.
f) If you chose EAP-FAST and want the device certificate on the controller to be used for authentication, select the
Local Certificate Required check box. If you want to use EAP-FAST with PACs instead of certificates, leave this
check box unselected, which is the default setting.
Note
This option applies only to EAP-FAST because device certificates are not used with LEAP and are mandatory
for EAP-TLS and PEAP.
g) If you chose EAP-FAST and want the wireless clients to send their device certificates to the controller in order to
authenticate, select the Client Certificate Required check box. If you want to use EAP-FAST with PACs instead
of certificates, leave this check box unselected, which is the default setting.
229
Note
This option applies only to EAP-FAST because client certificates are not used with LEAP or PEAP and are
mandatory for EAP-TLS.
h) If you chose EAP-FAST with certificates, EAP-TLS, or PEAP, choose which certificates will be sent to the client,
the ones from Cisco or the ones from another Vendor, from the Certificate Issuer drop-down list. The default setting
is Cisco.
i) If you chose EAP-FAST with certificates or EAP-TLS and want the incoming certificate from the client to be validated
against the CA certificates on the controller, select the Check against CA certificates check box. The default setting
is enabled.
j) If you chose EAP-FAST with certificates or EAP-TLS and want the common name (CN) in the incoming certificate
to be validated against the CA certificates CN on the controller, select the Verify Certificate CN Identity check
box. The default setting is disabled.
k) If you chose EAP-FAST with certificates or EAP-TLS and want the controller to verify that the incoming device
certificate is still valid and has not expired, select the Check Certificate Date Validity check box. The default setting
is enabled.
Note
Certificate date validity is checked against the current UTC (GMT) time that is configured on the controller.
Timezone offset will be ignored.
l) Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 7
If you created an EAP-FAST profile, follow these steps to configure the EAP-FAST parameters:
a) Choose Security > Local EAP > EAP-FAST Parameters to open the EAP-FAST Method Parameters page.
b) In the Server Key and Confirm Server Key text boxes, enter the key (in hexadecimal characters) used to encrypt and
decrypt PACs.
c) In the Time to Live for the PAC text box, enter the number of days for the PAC to remain viable. The valid range is
1 to 1000 days, and the default setting is 10 days.
d) In the Authority ID text box, enter the authority identifier of the local EAP-FAST server in hexadecimal characters.
You can enter up to 32 hexadecimal characters, but you must enter an even number of characters.
e) In the Authority ID Information text box, enter the authority identifier of the local EAP-FAST server in text format.
f) If you want to enable anonymous provisioning, select the Anonymous Provision check box. This feature allows
PACs to be sent automatically to clients that do not have one during PAC provisioning. If you disable this feature,
PACS must be manually provisioned. The default setting is enabled.
Note
If the local and/or client certificates are required and you want to force all EAP-FAST clients to use
certificates, unselect the Anonymous Provision check box.
g) Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 8
Step 9
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Note
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
If you are configuring local EAP to use one of the EAP types listed in the note above, make sure that the appropriate
certificates and PACs (if you will use manual PAC provisioning) have been imported on the controller.
If you want the controller to retrieve user credentials from the local user database, make sure that you have properly
configured the local network users on the controller.
If you want the controller to retrieve user credentials from an LDAP backend database, make sure that you have properly
configured an LDAP server on the controller.
Specify the order in which user credentials are retrieved from the local and/or LDAP databases by entering this command:
config local-auth user-credentials {local | ldap}
Note
Step 5
EAP-TLS, P EAPv0/MSCHAPv2, and PEAPv1/GTC use certificates for authentication, and EAP-FAST
uses either certificates or PACbs. The controller is shipped with Cisco-installed device and Certificate
Authority (CA) certificates. However, if you want to use your own vendor-specific certificates, they must
be imported on the controller.
If you enter the config local-auth user-credentials ldap local command, local EAP attempts to authenticate
clients using the LDAP backend database and fails over to the local user database if the LDAP servers are not
reachable. If the user is not found, the authentication attempt is rejected. If you enter the config local-auth
user-credentials local ldap command, local EAP attempts to authenticate using only the local user database.
It does not fail over to the LDAP backend database.
Specify values for the local EAP timers by entering these commands:
config local-auth active-timeout timeoutSpecifies the amount of time (in seconds) in which the controller
attempts to authenticate wireless clients using local EAP after any pair of configured RADIUS servers fails. The
valid range is 1 to 3600 seconds, and the default setting is 100 seconds.
config advanced eap identity-request-timeout timeoutSpecifies the amount of time (in seconds) in which the
controller attempts to send an EAP identity request to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 120
seconds, and the default setting is 30 seconds.
config advanced eap identity-request-retries retriesSpecifies the maximum number of times that the controller
attempts to retransmit the EAP identity request to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 20 retries,
and the default setting is 20 retries.
config advanced eap key-index indexSpecifies the key index used for dynamic wired equivalent privacy (WEP).
The default value is 0, which corresponds to a key index of 1; the valid values are 0 to 3 (key index of 1 to 4).
config advanced eap request-timeout timeoutSpecifies the amount of time (in seconds) in which the controller
attempts to send an EAP request to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 120 seconds, and the
default setting is 30 seconds.
config advanced eap request-retries retriesSpecifies the maximum number of times that the controller attempts
to retransmit the EAP request to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 120 retries, and the default
setting is 20 retries.
231
config advanced eap eapol-key-timeout timeoutSpecifies the amount of time (in seconds) in which the controller
attempts to send an EAP key over the LAN to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 1 to 5 seconds,
and the default setting is 1 second.
Note
If the controller and access point are separated by a WAN link, the default timeout of 1 second may not
be sufficient.
config advanced eap eapol-key-retries retriesSpecifies the maximum number of times that the controller
attempts to send an EAP key over the LAN to wireless clients using local EAP. The valid range is 0 to 4 retries,
and the default setting is 2 retries.
config advanced eap max-login-ignore-identity-response {enable | disable}When enabled, this command
limits the number of devices that can be connected to the controller with the same username. You can log in up to
eight times from different devices (PDA, laptop, IP phone, and so on) on the same controller. The default value is
enabled.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Note
To delete a local EAP profile, enter the config local-auth eap-profile delete profile_name command.
If you choose peap, both P EAPv0/MSCHAPv2 or PEAPv1/GTC are enabled on the controller.
Note
You can specify more than one EAP type per profile. However, if you create a profile with multiple EAP types
that use certificates (such as EAP-FAST with certificates, EAP-TLS, PEAPv0/MSCHAPv2, and PEAPv1/GTC),
all of the EAP types must use the same certificate (from either Cisco or another vendor).
Note
To delete an EAP method from a local EAP profile, enter the config local-auth eap-profile method delete
method profile_name command:
Configure EAP-FAST parameters if you created an EAP-FAST profile by entering this command:
config local-auth method fast ?
where ? is one of the following:
anon-prov {enable | disable}Configures the controller to allow anonymous provisioning, which allows PACs
to be sent automatically to clients that do not have one during PAC provisioning.
authority-id auth_idSpecifies the authority identifier of the local EAP-FAST server.
pac-ttl daysSpecifies the number of days for the PAC to remain viable.
server-key keySpecifies the server key used to encrypt and decrypt PACs.
Step 9
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config local-auth eap-profile method fast client-cert {enable | disable} profile_name Specifies whether
wireless clients are required to send their device certificates to the controller in order to authenticate.
Note
This command applies only to EAP-FAST because client certificates are not used with LEAP or PEAP
and are mandatory for EAP-TLS.
config local-auth eap-profile cert-issuer {cisco | vendor} profile_nameIf you specified EAP-FAST with
certificates, EAP-TLS, or PEAP, specifies whether the certificates that will be sent to the client are from Cisco or
another vendor.
config local-auth eap-profile cert-verify ca-issuer {enable | disable} profile_nameIf you chose EAP-FAST
with certificates or EAP-TLS, specifies whether the incoming certificate from the client is to be validated against
the CA certificates on the controller.
config local-auth eap-profile cert-verify cn-verify {enable | disable} profile_nameIf you chose EAP-FAST
with certificates or EAP-TLS, specifies whether the common name (CN) in the incoming certificate is to be validated
against the CA certificates CN on the controller.
config local-auth eap-profile cert-verify date-valid {enable | disable} profile_nameIf you chose EAP-FAST
with certificates or EAP-TLS, specifies whether the controller is to verify that the incoming device certificate is
still valid and has not expired.
Step 10
Enable local EAP and attach an EAP profile to a WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan local-auth enable profile_name wlan_id
Note
To disable local EAP for a WLAN, enter the config wlan local-auth disable wlan_id command.
Step 11
Step 12
fast-cert
vendor
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Yes
Yes
fast
1
tls
vendor
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
No
No
233
<hidden>
10
Yes
No
436973636f0000000000000000000000
Cisco A-ID
1
20
0
enable
20
20
1
show ap stats wlan Cisco_APShows the EAP timeout and failure counters for a specific access point for each
WLAN.
show client detail client_macShows the EAP timeout and failure counters for a specific associated client. These
statistics are useful in troubleshooting client association issues.
...
Client Statistics:
Number of Bytes Received...................
Number of Bytes Sent.......................
Number of Packets Received.................
Number of Packets Sent.....................
Number of EAP Id Request Msg Timeouts......
Number of EAP Id Request Msg Failures......
Number of EAP Request Msg Timeouts.........
Number of EAP Request Msg Failures.........
Number of EAP Key Msg Timeouts.............
Number of EAP Key Msg Failures.............
Number of Policy Errors....................
Radio Signal Strength Indicator............
Signal to Noise Ratio......................
10
10
2
2
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
Unavailable
Unavailable
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0
0
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
Additional References
See the Managing Controller Software and Configurations, on page 631 section for instructions on importing
certificates and PACs.
See the Configuring Local Network Users on the Controller, on page 217 section for instructions on configuring
local network users on the controller.
See the Configuring LDAP, on page 221 section for instruction on configuring LDAP.
235
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose Wireless > 802.11b/g/n > Network to open the 802.11b/g Global Parameters page.
If the Short Preamble check box is selected, continue with this procedure. However, if the Short Preamble check box
is unselected (which means that long preambles are enabled), the controller is already optimized for SpectraLink NetLink
phones and you do not need to continue this procedure.
Unselect the Short Preamble check box to enable long preambles.
Click Apply to update the controller configuration.
Note
If you do not already have an active CLI session to the controller, we recommend that you start a CLI session
to reboot the controller and watch the reboot process. A CLI session is also useful because the GUI loses its
connection when the controller reboots.
Choose Commands > Reboot > Reboot > Save and Reboot to reboot the controller. Click OK in response to this
prompt:
Step 5
Configuration will be saved and the controller will be rebooted. Click ok to confirm.
Log back onto the controller GUI to verify that the controller is properly configured.
Choose Wireless > 802.11b/g/n > Network to open the 802.11b/g Global Parameters page. If the Short Preamble check
box is unselected, the controller is optimized for SpectraLink NetLink phones.
Step 1
Step 2
However, if the parameter shows that short preambles are disabled (which means that long preambles are enabled), the
controller is already optimized for SpectraLink NetLink phones and you do not need to continue this procedure.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
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Step 6
Enter the reset system command to reboot the controller. Enter y when the prompt to save the system changes is displayed.
The controller reboots.
Verify that the controller is properly configured by logging back into the CLI and entering the show 802.11b command
to view these parameters:
Step 7
These parameters show that the 802.11b/g network is enabled and that short preambles are disabled.
Note
To propagate this command to all access points connected to the controller, make sure to disable and then
reenable the 802.11b/g network after entering this command.
237
The ISE server validates the user in the database and on successful authentication, the URL and pre-AUTH
ACL are sent to the client. The client then moves to the Posture Required state and is redirected to the URL
returned by the ISE server.
Note
The client moves to the Central Web Authentication state, if the URL returned by the ISE server has the
keyword 'cwa'.
The NAC agent in the client triggers the posture validation process. On successful posture validation by the
ISE server, the client is moved to the run state.
Note
Flex local switching with Radius NAC support is added in Release 7.2.110.0. It is not supported in 7.0
Releases and 7.2 Releases. Downgrading 7.2.110.0 and later releases to either 7.2 or 7.0 releases will
require you to reconfigure the WLAN for Radius NAC feature to work.
Device Registration
Device registration enables you to authenticate and provision new devices on the WLAN with RADIUS NAC
enabled. When the device is registered on the WLAN, it can use the network based on the configured ACL.
WLAN Configuration
CWA
LWA
Device Registration
Yes
Yes
Yes
L2 None
No
No
L3 None
N/A
Internal/External
N/A
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WLAN Configuration
CWA
LWA
Device Registration
Yes
No
Yes
239
With RADIUS NAC enabled, the RADIUS server overwrite interface is not supported.
Any DHCP communication between client and server. We parse the DHCP profiling only once. This is
sent to the ISE server only once.
If the AAA url-redirect-acl and url-redirect attributes are expected from the AAA server, the
AAA override feature must be enabled on the controller.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Click Apply.
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Choose Management > Mgmt Via Wireless to open the Management Via Wireless page.
Select the Enable Controller Management to be accessible from Wireless Clients check box to enable management
over wireless for the WLAN or unselect it to disable this feature. The default value is unselected.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Verify whether the management over wireless interface is enabled or disabled by entering this command:
show network summary
If disabled: Enable management over wireless by entering this command:config network mgmt-via-wireless
enable
Otherwise, use a wireless client to associate with an access point connected to the controller that you want to
manage.
Step 2
Log into the CLI to verify that you can manage the WLAN using a wireless client by entering this command:
telnet controller-ip-address command
241
Source wired client from Cisco WLC's dynamic interface VLAN accesses the management interface
VLAN and tries for management access. This is an example of management access.
Source wired client from Cisco WLC's management interface VLAN accesses the dynamic interface
VLAN and tries for management access. This is an example of management using dynamic interface.
Source wired client from Cisco WLC's dynamic interface VLAN accesses the dynamic interface VLAN
tries and tries for management access. This is an example of management using dynamic interface.
Source wired client from Layer 3 VLAN interface accesses the dynamic interface or the management
interface and tries for management access. This is an example of management using dynamic interface.
Here, management is not the management interface but the configuration access. If the Cisco WLC configuration
is accessed from any other IP address on the Cisco WLC other than the management IP, it is management
using dynamic interface.
The access point forwards all DHCP requests from a client to the controller. The controller adds the DHCP
option 82 payload and forwards the request to the DHCP server. The payload can contain the MAC address
or the MAC address and SSID of the access point, depending on how you configure this option.
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Note
Any DHCP packets that already include a relay agent option are dropped at the controller.
For DHCP option 82 to operate correctly, DHCP proxy must be enabled.
Choose Controller > Advanced > DHCP to open the DHCP Parameters page.
Select the Enable DHCP Proxy check box to enable DHCP proxy.
Choose a DHCP Option 82 Remote ID field format from the drop-down list to specify the format of the DHCP option
82 payload.
For more information about the options available, see the Controller Online Help.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
What to Do Next
On the controller CLI, you can enable DHCP option 82 on the dynamic interface to which the WLAN is
associated by entering this command:
config interface dhcp dynamic-interface interface-name option-82 enable
243
See the status of DHCP option 82 on the dynamic interface by entering the show interface detailed
dynamic-interface-namecommand.
Additional References
In order for DHCP option 82 to operate correctly, DHCP proxy must be enabled.
Note
You can enable only IPv4 traffic in your network by blocking IPv6 traffic. That is, you can configure an
IPv6 ACL to deny all IPv6 traffic and apply it on specific or all WLANs.
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Multicast traffic received from wired networks that is destined to wireless clients is not processed by
WLC ACLs. Multicast traffic initiated from wireless clients, destined to wired networks or other wireless
clients on the same controller, is processed by WLC ACLs.
ACLs are configured on the controller directly or configured through Cisco Prime Infrastructure templates.
The ACL name must be unique.
You can configure ACL per client (AAA overridden ACL) or on either an interface or a WLAN. The
AAA overridden ACL has the highest priority. However, each interface, WLAN, or per client ACL
configuration that you apply can override one another.
If peer-to-peer blocking is enabled, traffic is blocked between peers even if the ACL allows traffic
between them.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Choose Security > Access Control Lists > Access Control Lists to open the Access Control Lists page.
If you want to see if packets are hitting any of the ACLs configured on your controller, select the Enable Counters
check box and click Apply. Otherwise, leave the check box unselected, which is the default value. This feature is useful
when troubleshooting your system.
Note
If you want to clear the counters for an ACL, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that ACL
and choose Clear Counters.
Add a new ACL by clicking New. The Access Control Lists > New page appears.
In the Access Control List Name text box, enter a name for the new ACL. You can enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters.
Choose the ACL type. There are two types of ACL supported, IPv4 and IPv6.
Click Apply. When the Access Control Lists page reappears, click the name of the new ACL.
When the Access Control Lists > Edit page appears, click Add New Rule. The Access Control Lists > Rules > New
page appears.
Configure a rule for this ACL as follows:
a) The controller supports up to 64 rules for each ACL. These rules are listed in order from 1 to 64. In the Sequence
text box, enter a value (between 1 and 64) to determine the order of this rule in relation to any other rules defined for
this ACL.
Note
If rules 1 through 4 are already defined and you add rule 29, it is added as rule 5. If you add or change a
sequence number for a rule, the sequence numbers for other rules adjust to maintain a continuous sequence.
For instance, if you change a rules sequence number from 7 to 5, the rules with sequence numbers 5 and 6
are automatically reassigned as 6 and 7, respectively.
b) From the Source drop-down list, choose one of these options to specify the source of the packets to which this ACL
applies:
AnyAny source (this is the default value).
IP AddressA specific source. If you choose this option, enter the IP address and netmask of the source in
the text boxes. If you are configuring IPv6 ACL, enter the IPv6 address and prefix length of the destination in
the text boxes.
245
c) From the Destination drop-down list, choose one of these options to specify the destination of the packets to which
this ACL applies:
AnyAny destination (this is the default value).
IP AddressA specific destination. If you choose this option, enter the IP address and netmask of the destination
in the text boxes. If you are configuring IPv6 ACL, enter the IPv6 address and prefix length of the destination
in the text boxes.
d) From the Protocol drop-down list, choose the protocol ID of the IP packets to be used for this ACL. These are the
protocol options:
AnyAny protocol (this is the default value)
TCPTransmission Control Protocol
UDPUser Datagram Protocol
ICMP/ICMPv6Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMPv6 is only available for IPv6
ACL.
ESPIP Encapsulating Security Payload
Note
AHAuthentication Header
GREGeneric Routing Encapsulation
IP in IPInternet Protocol (IP) in IP (permits or denies IP-in-IP packets)
Eth Over IPEthernet-over-Internet Protocol
OSPFOpen Shortest Path First
OtherAny other Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) protocol
Note
If you choose Other, enter the number of the desired protocol in the Protocol text box. You can find
the list of available protocols in the INAI website.
The controller can permit or deny only IP packets in an ACL. Other types of packets (such as ARP packets) cannot
be specified.
e) If you chose TCP or UDP in the previous step, two additional parameters appear: Source Port and Destination Port.
These parameters enable you to choose a specific source port and destination port or port ranges. The port options
are used by applications that send and receive data to and from the networking stack. Some ports are designated for
certain applications such as Telnet, SSH, HTTP, and so on.
Note
Source and Destination ports based on the ACL
type.
f) From the DSCP drop-down list, choose one of these options to specify the differentiated services code point (DSCP)
value of this ACL. DSCP is an IP header text box that can be used to define the quality of service across the Internet.
AnyAny DSCP (this is the default value)
SpecificA specific DSCP from 0 to 63, which you enter in the DSCP edit box
g) From the Direction drop-down list, choose one of these options to specify the direction of the traffic to which this
ACL applies:
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If you are planning to apply this ACL to the controller CPU, the packet direction does not have any
significance, it is always Any.
h) From the Action drop-down list, choose Deny to cause this ACL to block packets or Permit to cause this ACL to
allow packets. The default value is Deny.
i) Click Apply to commit your changes. The Access Control Lists > Edit page reappears, showing the rules for this
ACL.
The Deny Counters fields shows the number of times that packets have matched the explicit deny ACL rule. The
Number of Hits field shows the number of times that packets have matched an ACL rule. You must enable ACL
counters on the Access Control Lists page to enable these fields.
Note
If you want to edit a rule, click the sequence number of the desired rule to open the Access Control Lists >
Rules > Edit page. If you want to delete a rule, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the
desired rule and choose Remove.
j) Repeat this procedure to add any additional rules for this ACL.
Step 9
Step 10
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
247
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Choose Security > Access Control Lists > CPU Access Control Lists to open the CPU Access Control Lists page.
Select the Enable CPU ACL check box to enable a designated ACL to control the traffic to the controller CPU or
unselect the check box to disable the CPU ACL feature and remove any ACL that had been applied to the CPU. The
default value is unselected.
From the ACL Name drop-down list, choose the ACL that will control the traffic to the controller CPU. None is the
default value when the CPU ACL feature is disabled. If you choose None while the CPU ACL Enable check box is
selected, an error message appears indicating that you must choose an ACL.
Note
This parameter is available only if you have selected the CPU ACL Enable check
box.
Note
When CPU ACL is enabled, it is applicable to both wireless and wired traffic. Only IPv4 ACL are supported
as CPU ACL.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 1
See all of the ACLs that are configured on the controller by entering this command:
show [ipv6] acl summary
Step 2
Step 3
Enable or disable ACL counters for your controller by entering this command:
config acl counter {start | stop}
Note
Step 4
If a traffic/request is allowed from the controller by a permit rule, then the response to the traffic/request in the
opposite direction also is allowed and cannot be blocked by a deny rule in the ACL.
If you want to clear the current counters for an ACL, enter the clear acl counters acl_name command.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
249
Note
To delete an ACL, enter the config [ipv6] acl delete acl_name command. To delete an ACL rule, enter the
config [ipv6] acl rule delete acl_name rule_index command.
Step 1
To see the ACL that is applied to the controller CPU, enter the show acl cpu command. To remove the
ACL that is applied to the controller CPU, enter the config acl cpu none command.
To see the ACL that is applied to a WLAN, enter the show wlan wlan_id command. To remove the ACL
that is applied to a WLAN, enter the config wlan acl wlan_id none command.
OL-27510-01
Specifically, infrastructure MFP protects 802.11 session management functions by adding message
integrity check information elements (MIC IEs) to the management frames emitted by access points
(and not those emitted by clients), which are then validated by other access points in the network.
Infrastructure MFP is passive. It can detect and report intrusions but has no means to stop them.
Client MFPShields authenticated clients from spoofed frames, preventing many of the common attacks
against wireless LANs from becoming effective. Most attacks, such as deauthentication attacks, revert
to simply degrading performance by contending with valid clients.
Specifically, client MFP encrypts management frames are sent between access points and CCXv5 clients
so that both the access points and clients can take preventative action by dropping spoofed class 3
management frames (that is, management frames passed between an access point and a client that is
authenticated and associated). Client MFP leverages the security mechanisms defined by IEEE 802.11i
to protect the following types of class 3 unicast management frames: disassociation, deauthentication,
and QoS (WMM) action. Client MFP protects a client-access point session from the most common type
of denial-of-service attack. It protects class 3 management frames by using the same encryption method
used for the sessions data frames. If a frame received by the access point or client fails decryption, it is
dropped, and the event is reported to the controller.
To use client MFP, clients must support CCXv5 MFP and must negotiate WPA2 using either TKIP or
AES-CCMP. EAP or PSK may be used to obtain the PMK. CCKM and controller mobility management
are used to distribute session keys between access points for Layer 2 and Layer 3 fast roaming.
Note
To prevent attacks using broadcast frames, access points supporting CCXv5 will not
emit any broadcast class 3 management frames (such as disassociation, deauthentication,
or action). CCXv5 clients and access points must discard broadcast class 3 management
frames.
Client MFP supplements infrastructure MFP rather than replaces it because infrastructure
MFP continues to detect and report invalid unicast frames sent to clients that are not
client-MFP capable as well as invalid class 1 and 2 management frames. Infrastructure
MFP is applied only to management frames that are not protected by client MFP.
Infrastructure MFP consists of three main components:
Management frame protectionThe access point protects the management frames it transmits by adding
a MIC IE to each frame. Any attempt to copy, alter, or replay the frame invalidates the MIC, causing
any receiving access point configured to detect MFP frames to report the discrepancy. MFP is supported
for use with Cisco Aironet lightweight access points.
Management frame validationIn infrastructure MFP, the access point validates every management
frame that it receives from other access points in the network. It ensures that the MIC IE is present (when
the originator is configured to transmit MFP frames) and matches the content of the management frame.
If it receives any frame that does not contain a valid MIC IE from a BSSID belonging to an access point
that is configured to transmit MFP frames, it reports the discrepancy to the network management system.
In order for the timestamps to operate properly, all controllers must be Network Time Protocol (NTP)
synchronized.
Event reportingThe access point notifies the controller when it detects an anomaly, and the controller
aggregates the received anomaly events and can report the results through SNMP traps to the network
management system.
251
Note
Client MFP uses the same event reporting mechanisms as infrastructure MFP.
Infrastructure MFP is enabled by default and can be disabled globally. When you upgrade from a previous
software release, infrastructure MFP is disabled globally if access point authentication is enabled because the
two features are mutually exclusive. Once infrastructure MFP is enabled globally, signature generation (adding
MICs to outbound frames) can be disabled for selected WLANs, and validation can be disabled for selected
access points.
Client MFP is enabled by default on WLANs that are configured for WPA2. It can be disabled, or it can be
made mandatory (in which case, only clients that negotiate MFP are allowed to associate) on selected WLANs.
Step 4
Choose Security> Wireless Protection Policies > AP Authentication/MFP to open the AP Authentication Policy page.
Enable infrastructure MFP globally for the controller by choosing Management Frame Protection from the Protection
Type drop-down list.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Note
If more than one controller is included in the mobility group, you must configure a Network Time Protocol
(NTP) server on all controllers in the mobility group that are configured for infrastructure MFP.
Configure client MFP for a particular WLAN after infrastructure MFP has been enabled globally for the controller as
follows:
a) Choose WLANs.
b) Click the profile name of the desired WLAN. The WLANs > Edit page appears.
c) Choose Advanced. The WLANs > Edit (Advanced) page appears.
d) Choose Disabled, Optional, or Required from the MFP Client Protection drop-down list. The default value is
Optional. If you choose Required, clients are allowed to associate only if MFP is negotiated (that is, if WPA2 is
configured on the controller and the client supports CCXv5 MFP and is also configured for WPA2).
Note
For Cisco OEAP 600, MFP is not supported. It should either be Disabled or Optional.
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253
Note
This report contains no data unless an active attack is in progress. Examples of various error types are
shown for illustration only. This table is cleared every 5 minutes when the data is forwarded to any network
management stations.
Choose Security > Wireless Protection Policies > Client Exclusion Policies to open the Client Exclusion Policies
page.
Select any of these check boxes if you want the controller to exclude clients for the condition specified. The default value
for each exclusion policy is enabled.
Excessive 802.11 Association FailuresClients are excluded on the sixth 802.11 association attempt, after five
consecutive failures.
Excessive 802.11 Authentication FailuresClients are excluded on the sixth 802.11 authentication attempt, after
five consecutive failures.
Excessive 802.1X Authentication FailuresClients are excluded on the fourth 802.1X authentication attempt,
after three consecutive failures.
IP Theft or IP ReuseClients are excluded if the IP address is already assigned to another device.
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Excessive Web Authentication FailuresClients are excluded on the fourth web authentication attempt, after
three consecutive failures.
Step 3
Step 4
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Enable or disable the controller to exclude clients on the sixth 802.11 association attempt, after five consecutive failures
by entering this command:
config wps client-exclusion 802.11-assoc {enable | disable}
Step 2
Enable or disable the controller to exclude clients on the sixth 802.11 authentication attempt, after five consecutive
failures by entering this command:
config wps client-exclusion 802.11-auth {enable | disable}
Step 3
Enable or disable the controller to exclude clients on the fourth 802.1X authentication attempt, after three consecutive
failures by entering this command:
config wps client-exclusion 802.1x-auth {enable | disable}
Step 4
Enable or disable the controller to exclude clients if the IP address is already assigned to another device by entering this
command:
config wps client-exclusion ip-theft {enable | disable}
Step 5
Enable or disable the controller to exclude clients on the fourth web authentication attempt, after three consecutive
failures by entering this command:
config wps client-exclusion web-auth {enable | disable}
Step 6
Enable or disable the controller to exclude clients for all of the above reasons by entering this command:
config wps client-exclusion all {enable | disable}
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
See a list of clients that have been dynamically excluded, by entering this command:
show exclusionlist
Information similar to the following appears:
Dynamically Disabled Clients
---------------------------MAC Address
Exclusion Reason
-------------------------00:40:96:b4:82:55
Step 10
802.1X Failure
See the client exclusion policy configuration settings by entering this command:
255
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Signature Policy
Signature Processing........................ Enabled
Note
The VLAN feature only supports MAC filtering, 802.1X, and WPA. The VLAN feature
does not support web authentication or IPsec.
Tunnel Attributes.
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Note
The operating systems local MAC filter database has been extended to include the interface name, allowing
local MAC filters to specify to which interface the client should be assigned. A separate RADIUS server can
also be used, but the RADIUS server must be defined using the Security menus.
ACL-Name
This attribute indicates the ACL name to be applied to the client. A summary of the ACL-Name Attribute
format is shown below. The text boxes are transmitted from left to right.
0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
257
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Type
| Length
|
Vendor-Id
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Vendor-Id (cont.)
| Vendor type
| Vendor length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
ACL Name...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
Note
This Attribute only works when MAC filtering is enabled or if 802.1X or WPA is used
as the security policy.
VLAN Tag
This attribute indicates the group ID for a particular tunneled session and is also known as the
Tunnel-Private-Group-ID attribute.
This attribute might be included in the Access-Request packet if the tunnel initiator can predetermine the
group resulting from a particular connection and should be included in the Access-Accept packet if this tunnel
session is to be treated as belonging to a particular private group. Private groups may be used to associate a
tunneled session with a particular group of users. For example, it may be used to facilitate routing of unregistered
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IP addresses through a particular interface. It should be included in Accounting-Request packets which contain
Acct-Status-Type attributes with values of either Start or Stop and which pertain to a tunneled session.
A summary of the Tunnel-Private-Group-ID Attribute format is shown below. The text boxes are transmitted
from left to right.
0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Type
|
Length
|
Tag
|
String...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Note
Tunnel Attributes
RFC 2868 defines RADIUS tunnel attributes used for authentication and authorization, and RFC2867 defines
tunnel attributes used for accounting. Where the IEEE 802.1X authenticator supports tunneling, a compulsory
tunnel may be set up for the Supplicant as a result of the authentication.
In particular, it may be desirable to allow a port to be placed into a particular VLAN, defined in IEEE 8021Q,
based on the result of the authentication. This configuration can be used, for example, to allow a wireless host
to remain on the same VLAN as it moves within a campus network.
The RADIUS server typically indicates the desired VLAN by including tunnel attributes within the
Access-Accept. However, the IEEE 802.1X authenticator may also provide a hint as to the VLAN to be
assigned to the Supplicant by including Tunnel attributes within the AccessRequest.
For use in VLAN assignment, the following tunnel attributes are used:
Tunnel-Type=VLAN (13)
Tunnel-Medium-Type=802
Tunnel-Private-Group-ID=VLANID
The VLAN ID is 12 bits, with a value between 1 and 4094, inclusive. Because the Tunnel-Private-Group-ID
is of type String as defined in RFC 2868, for use with IEEE 802.1X, the VLANID integer value is encoded
as a string.
When Tunnel attributes are sent, it is necessary to fill in the Tag text box. As noted in RFC 2868, section 3.1:
259
The Tag text box is one octet in length and is intended to provide a means of grouping attributes in the
same packet that refer to the same tunnel. Valid values for this text box are 0x01 through 0x1F, inclusive.
If the Tag text box is unused, it must be zero (0x00).
For use with Tunnel-Client-Endpoint, Tunnel-Server-Endpoint, Tunnel-Private-Group-ID,
Tunnel-Assignment-ID, Tunnel-Client-Auth-ID or Tunnel-Server-Auth-ID attributes (but not
Tunnel-Type, Tunnel-Medium-Type, Tunnel-Password, or Tunnel-Preference), a tag text box of greater
than 0x1F is interpreted as the first octet of the following text box.
Unless alternative tunnel types are provided, (e.g. for IEEE 802.1X authenticators that may support
tunneling but not VLANs), it is only necessary for tunnel attributes to specify a single tunnel. As a result,
where it is only desired to specify the VLANID, the tag text box should be set to zero (0x00) in all tunnel
attributes. Where alternative tunnel types are to be provided, tag values between 0x01 and 0x1F should
be chosen.
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On the controller, enable the Allow AAA Override configuration parameter using the GUI or CLI.
Enabling this parameter allows the controller to accept the attributes returned by the RADIUS server.
The controller then applies these attributes to its clients.
Updating the RADIUS Server Dictionary File for Proper QoS Values
If you are using a Steel-Belted RADIUS (SBR), FreeRadius, or similar RADIUS server, clients may not obtain
the correct QoS values after the AAA override feature is enabled. For these servers, which allow you to edit
the dictionary file, you need to update the file to reflect the proper QoS values: Silver is 0, Gold is 1, Platinum
is 2, and Bronze is 3. To update the RADIUS server dictionary file, follow these steps:
Note
This issue does not apply to the Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS).
To update the RADIUS server dictionary file, follow these steps:
1 Stop the SBR service (or other RADIUS service).
2 Save the following text to the Radius_Install_Directory\Service folder as ciscowlan.dct:
################################################################################
# CiscoWLAN.dct- Cisco Wireless Lan Controllers
#
# (See README.DCT for more details on the format of this file)
################################################################################
# Dictionary - Cisco WLAN Controllers
#
# Start with the standard Radius specification attributes
#
@radius.dct
#
# Standard attributes supported by Airespace
#
# Define additional vendor specific attributes (VSAs)
#
MACRO Airespace-VSA(t,s) 26 [vid=14179 type1=%t% len1=+2 data=%s%]
ATTRIBUTE
WLAN-Id
ATTRIBUTE
Aire-QoS-Level
VALUE Aire-QoS-Level Bronze
VALUE Aire-QoS-Level Silver
VALUE Aire-QoS-Level Gold
VALUE Aire-QoS-Level Platinum
ATTRIBUTE
ATTRIBUTE
ATTRIBUTE
ATTRIBUTE
Airespace-VSA(1, integer)
Airespace-VSA(2, integer)
cr
r
Airespace-VSA(3,
Airespace-VSA(4,
Airespace-VSA(5,
Airespace-VSA(6,
r
r
r
r
3
0
1
2
DSCP
802.1P-Tag
Interface-Name
ACL-Name
integer)
integer)
string)
string)
3 Open the dictiona.dcm file (in the same directory) and add the line @ciscowlan.dct.
4 Save and close the dictiona.dcm file.
261
5 Open the vendor.ini file (in the same directory) and add the following text:
vendor-product
dictionary
ignore-ports
port-number-usage
help-id
=
=
=
=
=
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capture sensitive information, such as usernames and passwords. The hacker can then transmit a series of
Clear to Send (CTS) frames. This action mimics an access point, informing a particular client to transmit, and
instructing all the other clients to wait, which results in legitimate clients being unable to access network
resources. Wireless LAN service providers have a strong interest in banning rogue access points from the air
space.
Because rogue access points are inexpensive and readily available, employees sometimes plug unauthorized
rogue access points into existing LANs and build ad hoc wireless networks without their IT department's
knowledge or consent. These rogue access points can be a serious breach of network security because they
can be plugged into a network port behind the corporate firewall. Because employees generally do not enable
any security settings on the rogue access point, it is easy for unauthorized users to use the access point to
intercept network traffic and hijack client sessions. Even more alarming, wireless users frequently publish
unsecure access point locations, increasing the odds of having enterprise security breached.
The following are some guidelines to manage rogue devices:
The containment frames are sent immediately after the authorization and associations are detected. The
enhanced containment algorithm provides more effective containment of ad hoc clients.
In a dense RF environment, where maximum rogue access points are suspected, the chances of detecting
rogue access points by a local mode access point and FlexConnect mode access point in channel 157 or
channel 161 are less when compared to other channels. To mitigate this problem, we recommend that
you use dedicated monitor mode access points.
The local and FlexConnect mode access points are designed to serve associated clients. These access
points spend relatively less time performing off-channel scanning: about 50 milliseconds on each channel.
If you want to perform high rogue detection, a monitor mode access point must be used. Alternatively,
you can reduce the scan intervals from 180 seconds to a lesser value, for example, 120 or 60 seconds,
ensuring that the radio goes off-channel more frequently, which improves the chances of rogue detection.
However, the access point will still spend about 50 milliseconds on each channel.
Rogue detection is disabled by default for OfficeExtend access points because these access points, which
are deployed in a home environment, are likely to detect a large number of rogue devices.
Client card implementations might mitigate the effectiveness of ad hoc containment.
It is possible to classify and report rogue access points through the use of rogue states and user-defined
classification rules that enable rogues to automatically move between states.
Each controller limits the number of rogue containments to three per radio (or six per radio for access
points in the monitor mode).
Rogue Location Discovery Protocol (RLDP) detects rogue access points that are configured for open
authentication.
RLDP detects rogue access points that use a broadcast Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), that is, the
access point broadcasts its Service Set Identifier in beacons.
RLDP detects only those rogue access points that are on the same network. If an access list in the network
prevents the sending of RLDP traffic from the rogue access point to the controller, RLDP does not work.
RLDP does not work on 5-GHz dynamic frequency selection (DFS) channels. However, RLDP works
when the managed access point is in the monitor mode on a DFS channel.
If RLDP is enabled on mesh APs, and the APs perform RLDP tasks, the mesh APs are dissociated from
the controller. The workaround is to disable RLDP on mesh APs.
If RLDP is enabled on nonmonitor APs, client connectivity outages occur when RLDP is in process.
263
If the rogue is manually contained, the rogue entry is retained even after the rogue expires.
If the rogue is contained by any other means, such as auto, rule, and AwIPS preventions, the rogue entry
is deleted when it expires.
The controller will request to AAA server for rogue client validation only once. As a result, if rogue
client validation fails on the first attempt then the rogue client will not be detected as a threat any more.
To avoid this, add the valid client entries in the authentication server before enabling Validate Rogue
Clients Against AAA.
In the 7.4 and earlier releases, if a rogue that was already classified by a rule was not reclassified. In the
7.5 release, this behavior is enhanced to allow reclassification of rogues based on the priority of the
rogue rule. The priority is determined by using the rogue report that is received by the controller.
Detecting Rogue Devices
The controller continuously monitors all the nearby access points and automatically discovers and collects
information on rogue access points and clients. When the controller discovers a rogue access point, it uses
the Rogue Location Discovery Protocol (RLDP) to determine if the rogue is attached to your network.
You can configure the controller to use RLDP on all the access points or only on the access points configured
for the monitor (listen-only) mode. The latter option facilitates automated rogue access point detection in a
crowded radio frequency (RF) space, allowing monitoring without creating unnecessary interference and
without affecting the regular data access point functionality. If you configure the controller to use RLDP on
all the access points, the controller always chooses the monitor access point for RLDP operation if a monitor
access point and a local (data) access point are both nearby. If RLDP determines that the rogue is on your
network, you can choose to contain the detected rogue either manually or automatically.
A rogue access point is moved to a contained state either automatically or manually. The controller selects
the best available access point for containment and pushes the information to the access point. The access
point stores the list of containments per radio. For auto containment, you can configure the controller to use
only the monitor mode access point.
The containment operation occurs in the following two ways:
The container access point goes through the list of containments periodically and sends unicast
containment frames. For rogue access point containment, the frames are sent only if a rogue client is
associated.
Whenever a contained rogue activity is detected, containment frames are transmitted.
Individual rogue containment involves sending a sequence of unicast disassociation and deauthentication
frames.
Cisco Prime Infrastructure Interaction and Rogue Detection
Cisco Prime Infrastructure supports rule-based classification and uses the classification rules configured on
the controller. The controller sends traps to Cisco Prime Infrastructure after the following events:
If an unknown access point moves to the Friendly state for the first time, the controller sends a trap to
Cisco Prime Infrastructure only if the rogue state is Alert. It does not send a trap if the rogue state is
Internal or External.
If a rogue entry is removed after the timeout expires, the controller sends a trap to Cisco Prime
Infrastructure for rogue access points categorized as Malicious (Alert, Threat) or Unclassified (Alert).
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The controller does not remove rogue entries with the following rogue states: Contained, Contained
Pending, Internal, and External.
Step 2
Step 3
Make sure that rogue detection is enabled on the corresponding access points. Rogue detection is enabled by default for
all access points joined to the controller (except for OfficeExtend access points). However, you can enable or disable
rogue detection for individual access points by selecting or unselecting the Rogue Detection check box on the All APs
> Details for (Advanced) page.
Choose Security > Wireless Protection Policies > Rogue Policies > General.
The Rogue Policies page is displayed.
Choose one of the following options from the Rogue Location Discovery Protocol drop-down list:
DisableDisables RLDP on all the access points. This is the default value.
All APsEnables RLDP on all the access points.
Monitor Mode APsEnables RLDP only on the access points in the monitor mode.
Step 4
In the Expiration Timeout for Rogue AP and Rogue Client Entries text box, enter the number of seconds after which
the rogue access point and client entries expire and are removed from the list. The valid range is 240 to 3600 seconds,
and the default value is 1200 seconds.
Note
If a rogue access point or client entry times out, it is removed from the controller only if its rogue state is Alert
or Threat for any classification type.
Step 5
To use the AAA server or local database to validate if rogue clients are valid clients, select the Validate Rogue Clients
Against AAA check box. By default, the check box is unselected.
If necessary, select the Detect and Report Ad-Hoc Networks check box to enable ad hoc rogue detection and reporting.
By default, the check box is selected.
In the Rogue Detection Report Interval text box, enter the time interval, in seconds, at which APs should send the
rogue detection report to the controller. The valid range is 10 seconds to 300 seconds, and the default value is 10 seconds.
In the Rogue Detection Minimum RSSI text box, enter the minimum Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value
that a rogue entry should have for APs to detect the rogue and for a rogue entry to be created in the controller. The valid
range is 128 dBm to 0 dBm, and the default value is 0 dBm.
Note
This feature is applicable to all the AP modes. There can be many rogues with very weak RSSI values that do
not provide any valuable information in rogue analysis. Therefore, you can use this option to filter rogues by
specifying the minimum RSSI value at which APs should detect rogues.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
In the Rogue Detection Transient Interval text box, enter the time interval at which a rogue should be scanned for by
the AP after the first time the rogue is scanned. After the rogue is scanned for consistently, updates are sent periodically
to the controller. Thus, the APs filter the transient rogues, which are active for a very short period and are then silent.
The valid range is between 120 seconds to 1800 seconds, and the default value is 0.
The rogue detection transient interval is applicable to the monitor mode APs only.
This feature has the following advantages:
Rogue reports from APs to the controller are shorter.
Transient rogue entries are avoided in the controller.
265
If you want the controller to automatically contain certain rogue devices, enable the following parameters. By default,
these parameters are in disabled state.
Caution
When you select any of the Auto Contain parameters and click Apply, the following message is displayed:
Using this feature may have legal consequences. Do you want to continue?
The 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz frequencies in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band are open to the
public and can be used without a license. As such, containing devices on another partys network could have
legal consequences.
Auto Containment LevelSet the auto containment level. By default, the auto containment level is set to 1.
Auto Containment only for Monitor mode APsConfigure the monitor mode access points for auto-containment.
Rogue on WireConfigure the auto containment of rogues that are detected on the wired network.
Using Our SSIDConfigure the auto containment of rogues that are advertising your networks SSID. If you
leave this parameter unselected, the controller only generates an alarm when such a rogue is detected.
Valid Client on Rogue APConfigure the auto containment of a rogue access point to which trusted clients are
associated. If you leave this parameter unselected, the controller only generates an alarm when such a rogue is
detected.
AdHoc Rogue APConfigure the auto containment of ad hoc networks detected by the controller. If you leave
this parameter unselected, the controller only generates an alarm when such a network is detected.
Step 11
Step 12
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 2
Ensure that rogue detection is enabled on the desired access points. Rogue detection is enabled by default for all the
access points that are associated with the controller. You can enable or disable rogue detection for individual access
points by entering this command:
config rogue detection {enable | disable} cisco-ap command.
Note
To see the current rogue detection configuration for a specific access point, enter the show ap config general
Cisco_AP command.
Note
Rogue detection is disabled by default for OfficeExtend access points because these access points, which are
deployed in a home environment, are likely to detect a large number of rogue devices.
OL-27510-01
config rogue ap rldp initiate rogue_mac_addressInitiates RLDP on a specific rogue access point.
config rogue ap rldp disableDisables RLDP on all the access points.
Step 3
Specify the number of seconds after which the rogue access point and client entries expire and are removed from the list
by entering this command:
config rogue ap timeout seconds
The valid range for the seconds parameter is 240 to 3600 seconds (inclusive). The default value is 1200 seconds.
If a rogue access point or client entry times out, it is removed from the controller only if its rogue state is Alert
or Threat for a classification type.
Enable or disable ad hoc rogue detection and reporting by entering this command:
config rogue adhoc {enable | disable}
Note
Step 4
Step 5
Enable or disable the AAA server or local database to validate if rogue clients are valid clients by entering this command:
config rogue client aaa {enable | disable}
Step 6
Specify the time interval, in seconds, at which APs should send the rogue detection report to the controller by entering
this command:
config rogue detection monitor-ap report-interval time in sec
The valid range for the time in sec parameter is 10 seconds to 300 seconds. The default value is 10 seconds.
This feature is applicable only to the monitor mode
APs.
Specify the minimum RSSI value that rogues should have for APs to detect them and for the rogue entries to be created
in the controller by entering this command:
config rogue detection min-rssi rssi in dBm
Note
Step 7
The valid range for the rssi in dBm parameter is 128 dBm to 0 dBm. The default value is 0 dBm.
This feature is applicable to all the AP modes. There can be many rogues with very weak RSSI values that do
not provide any valuable information in rogue analysis. Therefore, you can use this option to filter rogues by
specifying the minimum RSSI value at which APs should detect rogues.
Specify the time interval at which rogues have to be consistently scanned for by APs after the first time the rogues are
scanned for by entering this command:
config rogue detection monitor-ap transient-rogue-interval time in sec
Note
Step 8
The valid range for the time in sec parameter is 120 seconds to 1800 seconds. The default value is 0.
Note
Step 9
If you want the controller to automatically contain certain rogue devices, enter these commands.
267
Caution
When you enter any of these commands, the following message is displayed: Using this feature
may have legal consequences. Do you want to continue? The 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz
frequencies in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band are open to the public and can be used
without a license. As such, containing devices on another partys network could have legal consequences.
config rogue ap rldp enable auto-containAutomatically contains the rogues that are detected on the wired
network.
config rogue ap ssid auto-containAutomatically contains the rogues that are advertising your networks SSID.
Note
If you want the controller to only generate an alarm when such a rogue is detected, enter the config rogue
ap ssid alarm command.
config rogue ap valid-client auto-containAutomatically contains a rogue access point to which trusted clients
are associated.
Note
If you want the controller to only generate an alarm when such a rogue is detected, enter the config rogue
ap valid-client alarm command.
config rogue adhoc auto-containAutomatically contains ad hoc networks detected by the controller.
Note
If you want the controller to only generate an alarm when such a network is detected, enter the config
rogue adhoc alert command.
config rogue auto-contain level level monitor_mode_ap_onlySets the auto containment level for the monitor
mode access points. The default value is 1.
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
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Note
Rule-based rogue classification does not apply to ad hoc rogues and rogue clients.
Note
269
Rule-Based
Rogue States
Classification Type
Friendly
InternalIf the unknown access point is inside the network and poses no threat
to WLAN security, you would manually configure it as Friendly, Internal. An
example is the access points in your lab network.
ExternalIf the unknown access point is outside the network and poses no threat
to WLAN security, you would manually configure it as Friendly, External. An
example is an access point that belongs to a neighboring coffee shop.
AlertThe unknown access point is moved to Alert if it is not in the neighbor
list or in the user-configured friendly MAC list.
Malicious
Unclassified
PendingOn first detection, the unknown access point is put in the Pending
state for 3 minutes. During this time, the managed access points determine if the
unknown access point is a neighbor access point.
AlertThe unknown access point is moved to Alert if it is not in the neighbor
list or in the user-configured friendly MAC list.
ContainedThe unknown access point is contained.
Contained PendingThe unknown access point is marked Contained, but the
action is delayed due to unavailable resources.
The classification and state of the rogue access points are configured as follows:
From Known to Friendly, Internal
From Acknowledged to Friendly, External
From Contained to Malicious, Contained
As mentioned previously, the controller can automatically change the classification type and rogue state of
an unknown access point based on user-defined rules, or you can manually move the unknown access point
to a different classification type and rogue state.
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From
To
Malicious (Alert)
Unclassified (Alert)
Friendly (Alert)
Unclassified (Alert)
Unclassified (Alert)
Malicious (Alert)
If the rogue state is Contained, you have to uncontain the rogue access point before you can change the
classification type. If you want to move a rogue access point from Malicious to Unclassified, you must delete
the access point and allow the controller to reclassify it.
271
Transition of the rogue's state from malicious to any other classification is not possible by any rogue
rule.
Choose Security > Wireless Protection Policies > Rogue Policies > Rogue Rules to open the Rogue Rules page.
Any rules that have already been created are listed in priority order. The name, type, and status of each rule is provided.
Note
Step 2
If you ever want to delete a rule, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that rule and click Remove.
Step 3
OL-27510-01
point could be classified as malicious. If you choose this option, enter the minimum RSSI value in the Minimum
RSSI text box. The valid range is 95 to 50 dBm (inclusive), and the default value is 0 dBm.
DurationRequires that the rogue access point be detected for a minimum period of time. If you choose this
option, enter a value for the minimum detection period in the Time Duration text box. The valid range is 0 to
3600 seconds (inclusive), and the default value is 0 seconds.
Client CountRequires that a minimum number of clients be associated to the rogue access point. For example,
if the number of clients associated to the rogue access point is greater than or equal to the configured value,
then the access point could be classified as malicious. If you choose this option, enter the minimum number of
clients to be associated to the rogue access point in the Minimum Number of Rogue Clients text box. The valid
range is 1 to 10 (inclusive), and the default value is 0.
No EncryptionRequires that the rogue access points advertised WLAN does not have encryption enabled.
If a rogue access point has encryption disabled, it is likely that more clients will try to associate to it. No further
configuration is required for this option.
Note
Managed SSIDRequires that the rogue access points managed SSID (the SSID configured for the WLAN)
be known to the controller. No further configuration is required for this option.
Note
The SSID and Managed SSID conditions cannot be used with the Match All operation because these
two SSID lists are mutually exclusive. If you define a rule with Match All and have these two conditions
configured, the rogue access points are never classified as friendly or malicious because one of the
conditions can never be met.
Note
You can add up to six conditions per rule. When you add a condition, it appears under the Conditions
section.
If you ever want to delete a condition from this rule, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow
for that condition and click Remove.
f) Click Apply.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Classify any rogue access points as friendly and add them to the friendly MAC address list as follows:
Choose Security > Wireless Protection Policies > Rogue Policies > Friendly Rogue to open the Friendly Rogue
> Create page.
In the MAC Address text box, enter the MAC address of the friendly rogue access point.
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Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration. This access point is added to the controllers list of friendly access points and should
now appear on the Friendly Rogue APs page.
Caution
Step 1
Step 2
When you choose to contain a rogue device, the following warning appears: There may be legal issues
following this containment. Are you sure you want to continue? The 2.4- and 5-GHz frequencies in the
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band are open to the public and can be used without a license.
As such, containing devices on another partys network could have legal consequences.
Step 3
The Class Type text box shows the current classification for this rogue access point:
FriendlyAn unknown access point that matches the user-defined friendly rules or an existing known and
acknowledged rogue access point. Friendly access points cannot be contained.
MaliciousAn unknown access point that matches the user-defined malicious rules or is moved manually by the
user from the Friendly or Unclassified classification type.
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Note
Once an access point is classified as Malicious, you cannot apply rules to it in the future, and it cannot be
moved to another classification type. If you want to move a malicious access point to the Unclassified
classification type, you must delete the access point and allow the controller to reclassify it.
UnclassifiedAn unknown access point that does not match the user-defined friendly or malicious rules. An
unclassified access point can be contained. It can also be moved to the Friendly or Malicious classification type
automatically in accordance with user-defined rules or manually by the user.
Step 4
If you want to change the classification of this device, choose a different classification from the Class Type drop-down
list.
Note
A rogue access point cannot be moved to another class if its current state is Contain.
Step 5
From the Update Status drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify how the controller should respond
to this rogue access point:
InternalThe controller trusts this rogue access point. This option is available if the Class Type is set to Friendly.
ExternalThe controller acknowledges the presence of this rogue access point. This option is available if the
Class Type is set to Friendly.
ContainThe controller contains the offending device so that its signals no longer interfere with authorized clients.
This option is available if the Class Type is set to Malicious or Unclassified.
AlertThe controller forwards an immediate alert to the system administrator for further action. This option is
available if the Class Type is set to Malicious or Unclassified.
The bottom of the page provides information on both the access points that detected this rogue access point and any
clients that are associated to it. To see more details for any of the clients, click Edit to open the Rogue Client Detail
page.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
View any rogue clients that are connected to the controller by choosing Rogue Clients. The Rogue Clients page appears.
This page shows the following information: the MAC address of the rogue client, the MAC address of the access point
to which the rogue client is associated, the SSID of the rogue client, the number of radios that detected the rogue client,
the date and time when the rogue client was last reported, and the current status of the rogue client.
Obtain more details about a rogue client by clicking the MAC address of the client. The Rogue Client Detail page appears.
This page provides the following information: the MAC address of the rogue client, the MAC address of the rogue access
point to which this client is associated, the SSID and IP address of the rogue client, the dates and times when the rogue
client was first and last reported, and the current status of the rogue client.
From the Update Status drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify how the controller should respond
to this rogue client:
ContainThe controller contains the offending device so that its signals no longer interfere with authorized clients.
AlertThe controller forwards an immediate alert to the system administrator for further action.
The bottom of the page provides information on the access points that detected this rogue client.
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Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Click Apply.
If desired, you can test the controllers connection to this client by clicking Ping.
Click Save Configuration.
See any ad-hoc rogues detected by the controller by choosing Adhoc Rogues. The Adhoc Rogues page appears.
This page shows the following information: the MAC address, BSSID, and SSID of the ad-hoc rogue, the number of
radios that detected the ad-hoc rogue, and the current status of the ad-hoc rogue.
Step 15
Obtain more details about an ad-hoc rogue by clicking the MAC address of the rogue. The Adhoc Rogue Detail page
appears.
This page provides the following information: the MAC address and BSSID of the ad-hoc rogue, the dates and times
when the rogue was first and last reported, and the current status of the rogue.
Step 16
From the Update Status drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify how the controller should respond
to this ad-hoc rogue:
ContainThe controller contains the offending device so that its signals no longer interfere with authorized clients.
AlertThe controller forwards an immediate alert to the system administrator for further action.
InternalThe controller trusts this rogue access point.
ExternalThe controller acknowledges the presence of this rogue access point.
Step 17
Step 18
Step 19
Step 20
From the Maximum Number of APs to Contain the Rogue drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify
the maximum number of access points used to contain this ad-hoc rogue: 1, 2, 3, or 4.
The bottom of the page provides information on the access points that detected this ad-hoc rogue.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
View any access points that have been configured to be ignored by choosing Rogue AP Ignore-List. The Rogue AP
Ignore-List page appears.
This page shows the MAC addresses of any access points that are configured to be ignored. The rogue-ignore list contains
a list of any autonomous access points that have been manually added to Cisco Prime Infrastructure maps by the users.
The controller regards these autonomous access points as rogues even though the Prime Infrastructure is managing them.
The rogue-ignore list allows the controller to ignore these access points. The list is updated as follows:
When the controller receives a rogue report, it checks to see if the unknown access point is in the rogue-ignore
access point list.
If the unknown access point is in the rogue-ignore list, the controller ignores this access point and continues to
process other rogue access points.
If the unknown access point is not in the rogue-ignore list, the controller sends a trap to the Prime Infrastructure.
If the Prime Infrastructure finds this access point in its autonomous access point list, the Prime Infrastructure sends
a command to the controller to add this access point to the rogue-ignore list. This access point is then ignored in
future rogue reports.
If a user removes an autonomous access point from the Prime Infrastructure, the Prime Infrastructure sends a
command to the controller to remove this access point from the rogue-ignore list.
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Step 2
Step 3
If you ever want to delete all of the SSIDs or a specific SSID from the user-configured SSID list, enter
the config rogue rule condition ap delete ssid {all | ssid} rule_name command.
rssiRequires that the rogue access point have a minimum RSSI value. For example, if the rogue access point has
an RSSI that is greater than the configured value, then the access point could be classified as malicious. If you
choose this option, enter the minimum RSSI value for the condition_value parameter. The valid range is 95 to
50 dBm (inclusive), and the default value is 0 dBm.
durationRequires that the rogue access point be detected for a minimum period of time. If you choose this
option, enter a value for the minimum detection period for the condition_value parameter. The valid range is 0 to
3600 seconds (inclusive), and the default value is 0 seconds.
client-countRequires that a minimum number of clients be associated to the rogue access point. For example,
if the number of clients associated to the rogue access point is greater than or equal to the configured value, then
the access point could be classified as malicious. If you choose this option, enter the minimum number of clients
to be associated to the rogue access point for the condition_value parameter. The valid range is 1 to 10 (inclusive),
and the default value is 0.
managed-ssidRequires that the rogue access points SSID be known to the controller. A condition_value parameter
is not required for this option.
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Note
You can add up to six conditions per rule. If you ever want to delete all of the conditions or a specific
condition from a rule, enter the config rogue rule condition ap delete all condition_type condition_value
rule_name command.
Step 4
Specify whether a detected rogue access point must meet all or any of the conditions specified by the rule in order for
the rule to be matched and the rogue access point to adopt the classification type of the rule by entering this command:
config rogue rule match {all | any} rule_name
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
View the rogue classification rules that are configured on the controller by entering this command:
show rogue rule summary
Step 9
View detailed information for a specific rogue classification rule by entering this command:
show rogue rule detailed rule_name
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Note
See the Viewing and Classifying Rogue Devices (GUI) section for more information on the rogue-ignore
access point list.
Classify a rogue access point as friendly by entering this command:
config rogue ap classify friendly state {internal | external} ap_mac_address
where
internal means that the controller trusts this rogue access point.
external means that the controller acknowledges the presence of this rogue access point.
Note
A rogue access point cannot be moved to the Friendly class if its current state is Contain.
Mark a rogue access point as malicious by entering this command:
config rogue ap classify malicious state {alert | contain} ap_mac_address
where
alert means that the controller forwards an immediate alert to the system administrator for further action.
contain means that the controller contains the offending device so that its signals no longer interfere
with authorized clients.
Note
A rogue access point cannot be moved to the Malicious class if its current state is Contain.
Mark a rogue access point as unclassified by entering this command:
config rogue ap classify unclassified state {alert | contain} ap_mac_address
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Note
A rogue access point cannot be moved to the Unclassified class if its current state is Contain.
alert means that the controller forwards an immediate alert to the system administrator for further action.
contain means that the controller contains the offending device so that its signals no longer interfere with
authorized clients.
Specify how the controller should respond to a rogue client by entering one of these commands:
config rogue client alert client_mac_addressThe controller forwards an immediate alert to the system
administrator for further action.
config rogue client contain client_mac_addressThe controller contains the offending device so that
its signals no longer interfere with authorized clients.
Specify how the controller should respond to an ad-hoc rogue by entering one these commands:
config rogue adhoc alert rogue_mac_addressThe controller forwards an immediate alert to the
system administrator for further action.
config rogue adhoc contain rogue_mac_addressThe controller contains the offending device so that
its signals no longer interfere with authorized clients.
config rogue adhoc external rogue_mac_addressThe controller acknowledges the presence of this
ad-hoc rogue.
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
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Cisco devices use the SGT Exchange Protocol (SXP) to propagate SGTs across network devices that do not
have hardware support for Cisco TrustSec. SXP is the software solution to avoid CTS hardware upgrade on
all switches. WLC will be supporting SXP as part of TrustSec Architecture. The SXP sends SGT information
to the CTS-enabled switches so that appropriate role-based access control lists (RBACLs) can be activated
depending on the role information represented by the SGT. By default, the controller always works in the
Speaker mode. To implement the SXP on a network, only the egress distribution switch needs to be
CTS-enabled, and all the other switches can be non-CTS-capable switches.
The SXP runs between any access layer and distribution switch or between two distribution switches. The
SXP uses TCP as the transport layer. CTS authentication is performed for any host (client) joining the network
on the access layer switch similar to an access switch with CTS-enabled hardware. The access layer switch
is not CTS hardware enabled. Therefore, data traffic is not encrypted or cryptographically authenticated when
it passes through the access layer switch. The SXP is used to pass the IP address of the authenticated device,
that is a wireless client, and the corresponding SGT up to the distribution switch. If the distribution switch is
CTS hardware enabled, the switch inserts the SGT into the packet on behalf of the access layer switch. If the
distribution switch is not CTS hardware enabled, the SXP on the distribution switch passes the IP-SGT mapping
to all the distribution switches that have CTS hardware. On the egress side, the enforcement of the RBACL
occurs at the egress L3 interface on the distribution switch.
The following are some guidelines for Cisco TrustSec SXP:
SXP is supported on the following security policies only:
WPA2-dot1x
WPA-dot1x
802.1x (Dynamic WEP)
MAC Filtering using RADIUS servers
Web authentication using RADIUS servers for user authentication
SXP is supported for both IPv4 and IPv6 clients.
Controller always operates in the Speaker mode.
For more information about Cisco TrustSec, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns1051/index.html.
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In auto-anchor mobility mode the controller does not update client IP-SGT information through mobility
messages. The connected switches of both the controllers must have an SXP connection established
between them for IP-SGT mapping updates.
Choose Security > TrustSec SXP to open the SXP Configuration page. This page lists the following SXP configuration
details:
Total SXP ConnectionsNumber of SXP connections that are configured.
SXP StateStatus of SXP connections as either disabled or enabled.
SXP ModeSXP mode of the controller. The controller is always set to Speaker mode for SXP connections.
Default PasswordPassword for MD5 authentication of SXP messages. We recommend that the password contain
a minimum of 6 characters.
Default Source IPIP address of the management interface. SXP uses the default source IP address for all new
TCP connections.
Retry PeriodSXP retry timer. The default value is 120 seconds (2 minutes). The valid range is 0 to 64000
seconds. The SXP retry period determines how often the controller retries for an SXP connection. When an SXP
connection is not successfully set up, the controller makes a new attempt to set up the connection after the SXP
retry period timer expires. Setting the SXP retry period to 0 seconds disables the timer and retries are not attempted.
This page also displays the following information about SXP connections:
Peer IP AddressThe IP address of the peer, that is the IP address of the next hop switch to which the controller
is connected. There is no effect on the existing TCP connections when you configure a new peer connection.
Source IP AddressThe IP address of the source, that is the management IP address of the controller.
Connection StatusStatus of the SXP connection.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
From the SXP State drop-down list, choose Enabled to enable Cisco TrustSec SXP.
Enter the default password that should be used to make an SXP connection. We recommend that the password contain
a minimum of 6 characters.
In the Retry Period box, enter the time in seconds that determines how often the Cisco TrustSec software retries for an
SXP connection.
Click Apply.
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Choose SECURITY > TrustSec SXP and click New to open the SXP Connection > New page.
In the Peer IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the next hop switch to which the controller is connected.
Click Apply.
Enable
Speaker
****
209.165.200.224
120
See the list of SXP connections that are configured by entering this command:
show cts sxp connections
Information similar to the following appears:
Total num of SXP Connections..................... 1
SXP State........................................ Enable
Peer IP
Source IP
Connection Status
--------------------------------------------209.165.200.229
209.165.200.224
On
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Shunned Clients
When an IDS sensor detects a suspicious client, it alerts the controller to shun this client. The shun entry is
distributed to all controllers within the same mobility group. If the client to be shunned is currently joined to
a controller in this mobility group, the anchor controller adds this client to the dynamic exclusion list, and the
foreign controller removes the client. The next time that the client tries to connect to a controller, the anchor
controller rejects the handoff and informs the foreign controller that the client is being excluded.
Additional Information
The Cisco wireless intrusion prevention system (wIPS) is also supported on the controller through Cisco Prime
Infrastructure. See the Configuring wIPS section for more information.
Choose Security > Advanced > CIDs > Sensors to open the CIDS Sensors List page.
Note
If you want to delete an existing sensor, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that sensor and
choose Remove.
Step 2
Step 3
Click New to add a new IDS sensor to the list. The CIDS Sensor Add page appears.
From the Index drop-down list, choose a number (between 1 and 5) to determine the sequence in which the controller
consults the IDS sensors. For example, if you choose 1, the controller consults this IDS sensor first.
The controller supports up to five IDS sensors.
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Step 4
Step 5
In the Server Address text box, enter the IP address of your IDS server.
In the Port text box, enter the number of the HTTPS port through which the controller has to communicate with the IDS
sensor.
We recommend that you set this parameter to 443 because the sensor uses this value to communicate by default. The
default value is 443 and the range is 1 to 65535.
Step 6
In the Username text box, enter the name that the controller uses to authenticate to the IDS sensor.
Example:
Note
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
This username must be configured on the IDS sensor and have at least a read-only privilege.
In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter the password that the controller uses to authenticate to the
IDS sensor.
In the Query Interval text box, enter the time (in seconds) for how often the controller should query the IDS server for
IDS events.
The default is 60 seconds and the range is 10 to 3600 seconds.
Select the State check box to register the controller with this IDS sensor or unselected this check box to disable registration.
The default value is disabled.
Enter a 40-hexadecimal-character security key in the Fingerprint text box. This key is used to verify the validity of the
sensor and is used to prevent security attacks.
Note
Make sure you include colons that appear between every two bytes within the key. For example, enter
AA:BB:CC:DD.
Click Apply. Your new IDS sensor appears in the list of sensors on the CIDS Sensors List page.
Click Save Configuration.
Choose Security > Advanced > CIDS > Shunned Clients to open the CIDS Shun List page.
This page shows the IP address and MAC address of each shunned client, the length of time that the clients data packets
should be blocked by the controller as requested by the IDS sensor, and the IP address of the IDS sensor that discovered
the client.
Step 2
285
Step 2
(Optional) Specify the number of the HTTPS port through which the controller is to communicate with the IDS sensor
by entering this command:
config wps cids-sensor port index port
For the port-number parameter, you can enter a value between 1 and 65535. The default value is 443. This step is optional
because we recommend that you use the default value of 443. The sensor uses this value to communicate by default.
Step 3
Step 4
Specify how often the controller should query the IDS server for IDS events by entering this command:
config wps cids-sensor interval index interval
For the interval parameter, you can enter a value between 10 and 3600 seconds. The default value is 60 seconds.
Enter a 40-hexadecimal-character security key used to verify the validity of the sensor by entering this command:
config wps cids-sensor fingerprint index sha1 fingerprint
You can get the value of the fingerprint by entering show tls fingerprint on the sensors console.
Note
Make sure to include the colons that appear between every two bytes within the key (for example,
AA:BB:CC:DD).
Step 5
Enable or disable this controllers registration with an IDS sensor by entering this command:
config wps cids-sensor {enable | disable} index
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
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Step 11
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Obtain debug information regarding IDS sensor configuration by entering this command:
debug wps cids enable
Note
If you ever want to delete or change the configuration of a sensor, you must first disable it by entering the config
wps cids-sensor disable index command. To delete the sensor, enter the config wps cids-sensor delete index
command.
Step 2
Force the controller to synchronize with other controllers in the mobility group for the shun list by entering this command:
config wps shun-list re-sync
Note
The controller does not take any action on shun entries when the corresponding timers have expired. The shun
entry timers are maintained only for the display purpose. The shun entries are cleaned up whenever the controller
polls the IPS server. If the CIDS IPS server is not reachable, the shun entries are not removed even if they are
timed out on the controller. The shun entries are cleaned up only when the CIDS IPS server is operational again
and the controller polls the CIDS IPS server.
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Cisco supports 17 standard signatures. These signatures are divided into six main groups. The first four groups
contain management signatures, and the last two groups contain data signatures.
Broadcast deauthentication frame signaturesDuring a broadcast deauthentication frame attack, a
hacker sends an 802.11 deauthentication frame to the broadcast MAC destination address of another
client. This attack causes the destination client to disassociate from the access point and lose its connection.
If this action is repeated, the client experiences a denial of service. When the broadcast deauthentication
frame signature (precedence 1) is used to detect such an attack, the access point listens for clients
transmitting broadcast deauthentication frames that match the characteristics of the signature. If the
access point detects such an attack, it alerts the controller. Depending on how your system is configured,
the offending device is contained so that its signals no longer interfere with authorized clients, or the
controller forwards an immediate alert to the system administrator for further action, or both.
NULL probe response signaturesDuring a NULL probe response attack, a hacker sends a NULL
probe response to a wireless client adapter. As a result, the client adapter locks up. When a NULL probe
response signature is used to detect such an attack, the access point identifies the wireless client and
alerts the controller. The NULL probe response signatures are as follows:
NULL probe resp 1 (precedence 2)
NULL probe resp 2 (precedence 3)
Note
Controller does not log historical NULL Probe IDS events within the Signature Events
Summary output.
Management frame flood signaturesDuring a management frame flood attack, a hacker floods an
access point with 802.11 management frames. The result is a denial of service to all clients associated
or attempting to associate to the access point. This attack can be implemented with different types of
management frames: association requests, authentication requests, reassociation requests, probe requests,
disassociation requests, deauthentication requests, and reserved management subtypes.
When a management frame flood signature is used to detect such an attack, the access point identifies
management frames matching the entire characteristic of the signature. If the frequency of these frames
is greater than the value of the frequency set in the signature, an access point that hears these frames
triggers an alarm. The controller generates a trap and forwards it to Cisco Prime Infrastructure.
The management frame flood signatures are as follows:
Assoc flood (precedence 4)
Auth flood (precedence 5)
Reassoc flood (precedence 6)
Broadcast probe flood (precedence 7)
Disassoc flood (precedence 8)
Deauth flood (precedence 9)
Reserved mgmt 7 (precedence 10)
Reserved mgmt F (precedence 11)
The reserved management frame signatures 7 and F are reserved for future use.
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Wellenreiter signatureWellenreiter is a wireless LAN scanning and discovery utility that can reveal
access point and client information. When the Wellenreiter signature (precedence 17) is used to detect
such an attack, the access point identifies the offending device and alerts the controller.
EAPOL flood signatureDuring an EAPOL flood attack, a hacker floods the air with EAPOL frames
that contain 802.1X authentication requests. As a result, the 802.1X authentication server cannot respond
to all of the requests and fails to send successful authentication responses to valid clients. The result is
a denial of service to all affected clients. When the EAPOL flood signature (precedence 12) is used to
detect such an attack, the access point waits until the maximum number of allowed EAPOL packets is
exceeded. It then alerts the controller and proceeds with the appropriate mitigation.
NetStumbler signaturesNetStumbler is a wireless LAN scanning utility that reports access point
broadcast information (such as operating channel, RSSI information, adapter manufacturer name, SSID,
WEP status, and the latitude and longitude of the device running NetStumbler when a GPS is attached).
If NetStumbler succeeds in authenticating and associating to an access point, it sends a data frame with
the following strings, depending on the NetStumbler version:
Version
String
3.2.0
3.2.3
3.3.0
When a NetStumbler signature is used to detect such an attack, the access point identifies the offending device
and alerts the controller. The NetStumbler signatures are as follows:
NetStumbler 3.2.0 (precedence 13)
NetStumbler 3.2.3 (precedence 14)
NetStumbler 3.3.0 (precedence 15)
NetStumbler generic (precedence 16)
A standard signature file exists on the controller by default. You can upload this signature file from the
controller, or you can create a custom signature file and download it to the controller or modify the standard
signature file to create a custom signature.
Step 1
Step 2
289
If you are downloading through the service port, the TFTP server must be on the same subnet as the service port
because the service port is not routable, or you must create static routes on the controller.
If you are downloading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP server can be on the same or a
different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.
A third-party TFTP server cannot run on the same computer as the Cisco Prime Infrastructure because the Prime
Infrastructure built-in TFTP server and the third-party TFTP server require the same communication port.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
If you are downloading a custom signature file (*.sig), copy it to the default directory on your TFTP server.
Choose Commands to open the Download File to Controller page.
Perform one of the following:
If you want to download a custom signature file to the controller, choose Signature File from the File Type
drop-down list on the Download File to Controller page.
If you want to upload a standard signature file from the controller, choose Upload File and then Signature File
from the File Type drop-down list on the Upload File from Controller page.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the TFTP or FTP server.
If you are downloading the signature file using a TFTP server, enter the maximum number of times that the controller
should attempt to download the signature file in the Maximum retries text box.
The range is 1 to 254 and the default value is 10.
Step 9
If you are downloading the signature file using a TFTP server, enter the amount of time in seconds before the controller
times out while attempting to download the signature file in the Timeout text box.
The range is 1 to 254 seconds and the default is 6 seconds.
Step 10
In the File Path text box, enter the path of the signature file to be downloaded or uploaded. The default value is /.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the signature file to be downloaded or uploaded.
Note
When uploading signatures, the controller uses the filename that you specify as a base name and then adds
_std.sig and _custom.sig to it in order to upload both standard and custom signature files to the TFTP server.
For example, if you upload a signature file called ids1, the controller automatically generates and uploads both
ids1_std.sig and ids1_custom.sig to the TFTP server. If desired, you can then modify ids1_custom.sig on the
TFTP server (making sure to set Revision = custom) and download it by itself.
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
Step 11
Step 12
1 In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
2 In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
3 In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 13
Choose Download to download the signature file to the controller or Upload to upload the signature file from the
controller.
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Step 1
Choose Security > Wireless Protection Policies > Standard Signatures or Custom Signatures to open the Standard
Signatures page or the Custom Signatures page.
The Standard Signatures page shows the list of Cisco-supplied signatures that are currently on the controller. The Custom
Signatures page shows the list of customer-supplied signatures that are currently on the controller. This page shows the
following information for each signature:
The order, or precedence, in which the controller performs the signature checks.
The name of the signature, which specifies the type of attack that the signature is trying to detect.
The frame type on which the signature is looking for a security attack. The possible frame types are data and
management.
The action that the controller is directed to take when the signature detects an attack. The possible actions are None
and Report.
The state of the signature, which indicates whether the signature is enabled to detect security attacks.
A description of the type of attack that the signature is trying to detect.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
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Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
In the Measurement Interval text box, enter the number of seconds that must elapse before the signature frequency
threshold is reached within the configured interval. The range is 1 to 3600 seconds, and the default value varies per
signature.
In the Signature Frequency text box, enter the number of matching packets per interval that must be identified at the
individual access point level before an attack is detected. The range is 1 to 32,000 packets per interval, and the default
value varies per signature.
In the Signature MAC Frequency text box, enter the number of matching packets per interval that must be identified per
client per access point before an attack is detected. The range is 1 to 32,000 packets per interval, and the default value
varies per signature.
In the Quiet Time text box, enter the length of time (in seconds) after which no attacks have been detected at the individual
access point level and the alarm can stop. The range is 60 to 32,000 seconds, and the default value varies per signature.
Select the State check box to enable this signature to detect security attacks or unselect it to disable this signature. The
default value is enabled (or selected).
Click Apply to commit your changes. The Standard Signatures or Custom Signatures page reflects the signatures updated
state.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Choose Security > Wireless Protection Policies > Signature Events Summary to open the Signature Events Summary
page.
Click the Signature Type for the signature to see more information on the attacks detected by a particular signature. The
Signature Events Detail page appears.
This page shows the following information:
The MAC addresses of the clients identified as attackers
The method used by the access point to track the attacks
The number of matching packets per second that were identified before an attack was detected.
The number of access points on the channel on which the attack was detected
The day and time when the access point detected the attack
Step 3
Click the Detail link for that attack to see more information for a particular attack. The Signature Events Track Detail
page appears.
The MAC address of the access point that detected the attack
The name of the access point that detected the attack
The type of radio (802.11a or 802.11b/g) used by the access point to detect the attack
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Step 5
Specify the type of file to be downloaded or uploaded by entering the transfer {download | upload} datatype signature
command.
Step 6
Specify the IP address of the TFTP server by entering the transfer {download | upload} serverip tftp-server-ip-address
command.
Note
Some TFTP servers require only a forward slash (/) as the TFTP server IP address, and the TFTP server
automatically determines the path to the correct directory.
Step 7
Specify the download or upload path by entering the transfer {download | upload} path absolute-tftp-server-path-to-file
command.
Step 8
Specify the file to be downloaded or uploaded by entering the transfer {download | upload} filename filename.sig
command.
Note
When uploading signatures, the controller uses the filename you specify as a base name and then adds _std.sig
and _custom.sig to it in order to upload both standard and custom signature files to the TFTP server. For
example, if you upload a signature file called ids1, the controller automatically generates and uploads both
ids1_std.sig and ids1_custom.sig to the TFTP server. If desired, you can then modify ids1_custom.sig on the
TFTP server (making sure to set Revision = custom) and download it by itself.
Step 9
Enter the transfer {download | upload} start command and answer y to the prompt to confirm the current settings and
start the download or upload.
Specify the number of seconds that must elapse before the signature frequency threshold is reached within the configured
interval by entering this command:
config wps signature interval signature_id interval
Step 10
Copy the custom signature file (*.sig) to the default directory on your TFTP server.
Specify the download or upload mode by entering the transfer {download | upload} mode tftp command.
where signature_id is a number used to uniquely identify a signature. The range is 1 to 3600 seconds, and the default
value varies per signature.
Step 11
Specify the number of matching packets per interval that must be identified at the individual access point level before
an attack is detected by entering this command:
config wps signature frequencysignature_id frequency
The range is 1 to 32,000 packets per interval, and the default value varies per signature.
Step 12
Specify the number of matching packets per interval that must be identified per client per access point before an attack
is detected by entering this command:
config wps signature mac-frequency signature_id mac_frequency
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Step 13
The range is 1 to 32,000 packets per interval, and the default value varies per signature.
Specify the length of time (in seconds) after which no attacks have been detected at the individual access point level and
the alarm can stop by entering by entering this command:
config wps signature quiet-time signature_id quiet_time
The range is 60 to 32,000 seconds, and the default value varies per signature.
Step 14
If IDS signature processing is disabled, all signatures are disabled, regardless of the state configured for
individual signatures.
Step 15
Step 16
If desired, you can reset a specific signature or all signatures to default values. To do so, enter this command:
config wps signature reset {signature_id | all}
Note
You can reset signatures to default values only through the controller
CLI.
Note
If IDS signature processing is disabled, all signatures are disabled, regardless of the state configured for
individual signatures.
See individual summaries of all of the standard and custom signatures installed on the controller by
entering this command:
show wps signature summary
See the number of attacks detected by the enabled signatures by entering this command:
show wps signature events summary
See more information on the attacks detected by a particular standard or custom signature by entering
this command:
show wps signature events {standard | custom} precedence# summary
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See information on attacks that are tracked by access points on a per-signature and per-channel basis by
entering this command:
show wps signature events {standard | custom} precedence# detailed per-signature source_mac
See information on attacks that are tracked by access points on an individual-client basis (by MAC
address) by entering this command:
show wps signature events {standard | custom} precedence# detailed per-mac source_mac
Configuring wIPS
Information About wIPS
The Cisco Adaptive wireless Intrusion Prevention System (wIPS) is an advanced approach to wireless threat
detection and performance management. It combines network traffic analysis, network device and topology
information, signature-based techniques, and anomaly detection to deliver highly accurate and complete
wireless threat prevention. With a fully infrastructure-integrated solution, you can continually monitor wireless
traffic on both the wired and wireless networks and use that network intelligence to analyze attacks from many
sources to more accurately pinpoint and proactively prevent attacks rather than waiting until damage or
exposure has occurred.
The Cisco Adaptive wIPS is enabled by the Cisco 3300 Series Mobility Services Engine (MSE), which
centralizes the processing of intelligence collected by the continuous monitoring of Cisco Aironet access
points. With Cisco Adaptive wIPS functionalities and Cisco Prime Infrastructure integration into the MSE,
the wIPS service can configure, monitor, and report wIPS policies and alarms.
Note
If your wIPS deployment consists of a controller, access point, and MSE, you must set all the three entities
to the UTC time zone.
The Cisco Adaptive wIPS is not configured on the controller. Instead, the Prime Infrastructure forwards the
profile configuration to the wIPS service, which forwards the profile to the controller. The profile is stored
in flash memory on the controller and sent to access points when they join the controller. When an access
point disassociates and joins another controller, it receives the wIPS profile from the new controller.
Local mode or FlexConnect mode access points with a subset of wIPS capabilities is referred to as Enhanced
Local Mode access point or ELM AP. You can configure an access point to work in wIPS mode if the access
point is in any of the following modes:
Monitor
Local
FlexConnect
The regular local mode or FlexConnect mode access point is extended with a subset of Wireless Intrusion
Prevention System (wIPS) capabilities. This feature enables you to deploy your access points to provide
protection without needing a separate overlay network.
wIPS ELM has limited capability of detecting off-channel alarms. The access point periodically goes
off-channel, and monitors the non-serving channels for a short duration, and triggers alarms if any attack is
detected on the channel. But the off-channel alarm detection is best effort and it takes longer time to detect
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attacks and trigger alarms, which might cause the ELM AP intermittently detect an alarm and clear it because
it is not visible. Access points in any of the above modes can periodically send alarms based on the policy
profile to the wIPS service through the controller. The wIPS service stores and processes the alarms and
generates SNMP traps. The Prime Infrastructure configures its IP address as a trap destination to receive
SNMP traps from the MSE.
This table lists all the SNMP trap controls and their respective traps. When a trap control is enabled, all the
traps of the trap control are also enabled.
Note
Tab Name
Trap Control
Trap
General
linkUp, linkDown
Spanning Tree
newRoot, topologyChange,
stpInstanceNewRootTrap,
stpInstanceTopologyChangeTrap
Config Save
bsnDot11EssCreated,
bsnDot11EssDeleted, bsnConfigSaved,
ciscoLwappScheduledResetNotif,
ciscoLwappClearResetNotif,
ciscoLwappResetFailedNotif,
ciscoLwappSysInvalidXmlConfig
AP Register
bsnAPDisassociated, bsnAPAssociated
Ap Interface Up/Down
bsnAPIfUp, bsnAPIfDown
802.11 Association
bsnDot11StationAssociate
802.11 Disassociation
bsnDot11StationDisassociate
802.11 Deauthentication
bsnDot11StationDeauthenticate
bsnDot11StationAuthenticateFail
bsnDot11StationAssociateFail
Exclusion
bsnDot11StationBlacklisted
NAC Alert
cldcClientWlanProfileName,
cldcClientIPAddress, cldcApMacAddress,
cldcClientQuarantineVLAN,
cldcClientAccessVLAN
AP
Client Traps
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Tab Name
Trap Control
Trap
Security Traps
User Authentication
bsnTooManyUnsuccessLoginAttempts,
cLWAGuestUserLoggedIn,
cLWAGuestUserLoggedOut
bsnRADIUSServerNotResponding,
ciscoLwappAAARadiusReqTimedOut
bsnWepKeyDecryptError
Rogue AP
bsnAdhocRogueAutoContained,
bsnRogueApAutoContained,
bsnTrustedApHasInvalidEncryption,
bsnMaxRogueCountExceeded,
bsnMaxRogueCountClear,
bsnApMaxRogueCountExceeded,
bsnApMaxRogueCountClear,
bsnTrustedApHasInvalidRadioPolicy,
bsnTrustedApHasInvalidSsid,
bsnTrustedApIsMissing
SNMP Authentication
agentSnmpAuthenticationTrapFlag
Multiple Users
multipleUsersTrap
Load Profile
bsnAPLoadProfileFailed
Noise Profile
bsnAPNoiseProfileFailed
Interference Profile
bsnAPInterferenceProfileFailed
Coverage Profile
bsnAPCoverageProfileFailed
Channel Update
bsnAPCurrentChannelChanged
Tx Power Update
bsnAPCurrentTxPowerChanged
Auto RF Profile
Traps
Auto RF Update
Traps
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Tab Name
Trap Control
Trap
Mesh Traps
ciscoLwappMeshChildExcludedParent
Parent Change
ciscoLwappMeshParentChange
Authfailure Mesh
ciscoLwappMeshAuthorizationFailure
Child Moved
ciscoLwappMeshChildMoved
ciscoLwappMeshExcessiveParentChange
Excessive Children
ciscoLwappMeshExcessiveChildren
Poor SNR
ciscoLwappMeshAbateSNR,
ciscoLwappMeshOnsetSNR
Console Login
ciscoLwappMeshConsoleLogin
Excessive Association
ciscoLwappMeshExcessiveAssociation
ciscoLwappMeshDefaultBridgeGroupName
The following are the trap description for the traps mentioned in the SNMP Trap Controls and their respective
Traps table:
General Traps
SNMP AuthenticationThe SNMPv2 entity has received a protocol message that is not properly
authenticated.
Note
When a user who is configured in SNMP V3 mode tries to access the controller with
an incorrect password, the authentication fails and a failure message is displayed.
However, no trap logs are generated for the authentication failure.
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Note
When a user who is configured in SNMP V3 mode tries to access the controller with
an incorrect password, the authentication fails and a failure message is displayed.
However, no trap logs are generated for the authentication failure.
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Poor SNRNotification sent when the child mesh node detects a lower SNR on a backhaul link.
For the other trap, a notification is sent to clear a notification when the child mesh node detects an
SNR on a backhaul link that is higher then the object defined by 'clMeshSNRThresholdAbate'.
Console LoginNotification is sent by the agent when login on MAP console is successful or
failure after three attempts.
Default Bridge Group NameNotification sent when MAP mesh node joins parent using 'default'
bridge group name.
Note
The remaining traps do not have trap controls. These traps are not generated too frequently and do not
require any trap control. Any other trap that is generated by the controller cannot be turned off.
Note
In all of the above cases, the controller functions solely as a forwarding device.
Note
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs > access point name.
Set the AP Mode parameter. To configure an access point for wIPS, you must choose one of the following modes from
the AP Mode drop-down list:
Local
FlexConnect
Monitor
Step 3
Set the AP Sub Mode to wIPS by choosing wIPS from the AP Sub Mode drop-down list.
Step 4
Step 5
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Configure the wIPS submode on the access point by entering this command:
config ap mode ap_mode submode wips Cisco_AP
Note
To disable wIPS on the access point, enter the config ap mode ap_mode submode none Cisco_AP command.
Step 6
Enable wIPS optimized channel scanning for the access point by entering this command:
config ap monitor-mode wips-optimized Cisco_AP
The access point scans each channel for 250 milliseconds. It derives the list of channels to be scanned from the monitor
configuration. You can choose one of these options:
AllAll channels supported by the access points radio
CountryOnly the channels supported by the access points country of operation
DCAOnly the channel set used by the dynamic channel assignment (DCA) algorithm, which by default includes
all of the nonoverlapping channels allowed in the access points country of operation
The 802.11a or 802.11b Monitor Channels text box in the output of the show advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} monitor
command shows the monitor configuration channel set:
Default 802.11b AP monitoring
802.11b Monitor Mode...........................
802.11b Monitor Channels.......................
802.11b AP Coverage Interval...................
802.11b AP Load Interval.......................
802.11b AP Noise Interval......................
802.11b AP Signal Strength Interval............
Step 7
Step 8
enable
Country channels
180 seconds
60 seconds
180 seconds
60 seconds
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You can also view the access point submode from the controller GUI. To do so, choose Wireless > Access
Points > All APs > the access point name > the Advanced tab. The AP Sub Mode text box shows wIPS
if the access point in is monitor mode and the wIPS submode is configured on the access point or None
if the access point is not in monitor mode or the access point is in monitor mode but the wIPS submode
is not configured.
See the wIPS submode on the access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
See the wIPS optimized channel scanning configuration on the access point by entering this command:
show ap monitor-mode summary
See the wIPS configuration forwarded by Cisco Prime Infrastructure to the controller by entering this
command:
show wps wips summary
See the current state of wIPS operation on the controller by entering this command:
show wps wips statistics
Clear the wIPS statistics on the controller by entering this command:
clear stats wps wips
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Step 5
Click Apply.
Configure the Wi-Fi Direct Client Policy on WLANs by entering this command:
config wlan wifidirect {allow | disable | not-allow} wlan-id
The syntax of the command is as follows:
allowAllows Wi-Fi Direct clients to associate with the WLAN
disableDisables the Wi-Fi Direct Client Policy for the WLAN and deauthenticates all Wi-Fi Direct clients
not-allowDisallows the Wi-Fi Direct clients from associating with the WLAN
wlan-idWLAN identifier
Step 2
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show client wifiDirect-statsDisplays the total number of clients associated and the number of
clients rejected if the Wi-Fi Direct Client Policy is enabled.
Note
The web authentication proxy redirect ports are not blocked through CPU ACL. If a CPU ACL is configured
to block the port 8080, 3128, and one random port as part of web authentication proxy configuration, those
ports are not blocked because the webauth rules take higher precedence than the CPU ACL rules unless
the client is in the webauth_req state.
A web browser has the following three types of Internet settings that you can configure:
Auto detect
System Proxy
Manual
In a manual proxy server configuration, the browser uses the IP address of a proxy server and a port. If this
configuration is enabled on the browser, the wireless client communicates with the IP address of the destination
proxy server on the configured port. In a web authentication scenario, the controller does not listen to such
proxy ports and the client is not able to establish a TCP connection with the controller. The user is unable to
get any login page to authentication and get access to the network.
When a wireless client enters a web-authenticated WLAN, the client tries to access a URL. If a manual proxy
configuration is configured on the client's browser, all the web traffic going out from the client will be destined
to the proxy IP and port configured on the browser.
A TCP connection is established between the client and the proxy server IP address that the controller
proxies for.
The client processes the DHCP response and obtains a JavaScript file from the controller. The script
disables all proxy configurations on the client for that session.
Note
For external clients, the controller sends the login page as is (with or without JavaScipt).
Any requests that bypass the proxy configuration. The controller can then perform web-redirection,
login, and authentication.
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When the client goes out of the network, and then back into its own network, a DHCP refresh occurs
and the client continues to use the old proxy configuration configured on the browser.
If the external DHCP server is used with webauth proxy, then DHCP option 252 must be configured on
the DHCP server for that scope. The value of option 252 will have the format http://<virtual ip>/proxy.js.
No extra configuration is needed for internal DHCP servers.
Note
When you configure FIPS mode with secure web authentication, we recommend that
you use Mozilla Firefox as your browser.
Step 4
Click Apply.
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The total number of WLANs appears in the upper right-hand corner of the page. If the list of WLANs spans multiple
pages, you can access these pages by clicking the page number links.
If you want to delete a WLAN, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that WLAN and choose
Remove, or select the check box to the left of the WLAN, choose Remove Selected from the drop-down list,
and click Go. A message appears asking you to confirm your decision. If you proceed, the WLAN is removed
from any access point group to which it is assigned and from the access points radio.
Create a new WLAN by choosing Create New from the drop-down list and clicking Go. The WLANs > New page
appears.
Note
When you upgrade to controller software release 5.2 or later releases, the controller creates the default-group
access point group and automatically populates it with the first 16 WLANs (WLANs with IDs 1 through 16, or
fewer if 16 WLANs are not configured). This default group cannot be modified (you cannot add WLANs to it
nor delete WLANs from it). It is dynamically updated whenever the first 16 WLANs are added or deleted. If
an access point does not belong to an access point group, it is assigned to the default group and uses the WLANs
in that group. If an access point joins the controller with an undefined access point group name, the access point
keeps its group name but uses the WLANs in the default-group access point group.
From the Type drop-down list, choose WLAN to create a WLAN.
Note
If you want to create a guest LAN for wired guest users, choose Guest
LAN.
In the Profile Name text box, enter up to 32 characters for the profile name to be assigned to this WLAN. The profile
name must be unique.
In the WLAN SSID text box, enter up to 32 characters for the SSID to be assigned to this WLAN.
From the WLAN ID drop-down list, choose the ID number for this WLAN.
Note
If the Cisco OEAP 600 is in the default group, the WLAN/Remote LAN IDs need to be set as lower than ID
8.
Click Apply to commit your changes. The WLANs > Edit page appears.
Note
You can also open the WLANs > Edit page from the WLANs page by clicking the ID number of the WLAN
that you want to edit.
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Use the parameters on the General, Security, QoS, and Advanced tabs to configure this WLAN. See the sections in the
rest of this chapter for instructions on configuring specific features for WLANs.
On the General tab, select the Status check box to enable this WLAN. Be sure to leave it unselected until you have
finished making configuration changes to the WLAN.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
311
Step 2
Step 3
Enable or disable WLANs from the WLANs page by selecting the check boxes to the left of the WLANs that you want
to enable or disable, choosing Enable Selected or Disable Selected from the drop-down list, and clicking Go.
Click Apply.
Note
If you do not specify an ssid, the profile_name parameter is used for both the profile
name and the SSID.
Note
Note
An error message appears if you try to delete a WLAN that is assigned to an access
point group. If you proceed, the WLAN is removed from the access point group and
from the access points radio.
Note
If the command fails, an error message appears (for example, Request failed for wlan 10 - Static WEP
key size does not match 802.1X WEP key size).
Disable a WLAN (for example, before making any modifications to a WLAN) by entering this command:
config wlan disable {wlan_id | foreign_ap | all}
where
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Note
If the management and AP-manager interfaces are mapped to the same port and are members of the same
VLAN, you must disable the WLAN before making a port-mapping change to either interface. If the
management and AP-manager interfaces are assigned to different VLANs, you do not need to disable the
WLAN.
On the WLANs page, click Change Filter. The Search WLANs dialog box appears.
Perform one of the following:
To search for WLANs based on profile name, select the Profile Name check box and enter the desired profile
name in the edit box.
To search for WLANs based on SSID, select the SSID check box and enter the desired SSID in the edit box.
To search for WLANs based on their status, select the Status check box and choose Enabled or Disabled from
the drop-down list.
Step 3
Click Find. Only the WLANs that match your search criteria appear on the WLANs page, and the Current Filter field
at the top of the page specifies the search criteria used to generate the list (for example, None, Profile Name:user1,
SSID:test1, Status: disabled).
Note
To clear any configured search criteria and display the entire list of WLANs, click Clear
Filter.
313
Note
For more information about the number of clients that are supported, see the product data sheet of your
controller.
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Determine the WLAN ID for which you want to configure the maximum clients by entering this command:
show wlan summary
Get the WLAN ID from the list.
Step 2
Configure the maximum number of clients for each WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan max-associated-clients max-clients wlan-id
Configuring the Maximum Number of Clients for each AP Radio per WLAN
(GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Configuring the Maximum Number of Clients for each AP Radio per WLAN
(CLI)
Step 1
Determine the WLAN ID for which you want to configure the maximum clients for each radio by entering this command:
show wlan summary
Obtain the WLAN ID from the list.
Step 2
Configure the maximum number of clients for each WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan max-radio-clients client_count
You can configure up to 200 clients.
Step 3
See the configured maximum associated clients by entering the show 802.11a command.
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Configuring DHCP
Information About the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
You can configure WLANs to use the same or different Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers
or no DHCP server. Two types of DHCP servers are available: internal and external.
Note
Note
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DHCP Assignments
You can configure DHCP on a per-interface or per-WLAN basis. We recommend that you use the primary
DHCP server address that is assigned to a particular interface.
You can assign DHCP servers for individual interfaces. You can configure the management interface,
AP-manager interface, and dynamic interface for a primary and secondary DHCP server, and you can configure
the service-port interface to enable or disable DHCP servers. You can also define a DHCP server on a WLAN.
In this case, the server overrides the DHCP server address on the interface assigned to the WLAN.
Security Considerations
For enhanced security, we recommend that you require all clients to obtain their IP addresses from a DHCP
server. To enforce this requirement, you can configure all WLANs with a DHCP Addr. Assignment Required
setting, which disallows client static IP addresses. If DHCP Addr. Assignment Required is selected, clients
must obtain an IP address via DHCP. Any client with a static IP address is not allowed on the network. The
controller monitors DHCP traffic because it acts as a DHCP proxy for the clients.
Note
WLANs that support management over wireless must allow management (device-servicing) clients to
obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.
If slightly less security is tolerable, you can create WLANs with DHCP Addr. Assignment Required disabled.
Clients then have the option of using a static IP address or obtaining an IP address from a designated DHCP
server.
Note
DHCP Addr. Assignment Required is not supported for wired guest LANs.
You can create separate WLANs with DHCP Addr. Assignment Required configured as disabled. This is
applicable only if DHCP proxy is enabled for the controller. You must not define the primary/secondary
configuration DHCP server you should disable the DHCP proxy. These WLANs drop all DHCP requests and
force clients to use a static IP address. These WLANs do not support management over wireless connections.
317
When you want to use the internal DHCP server, you must set the management interface IP address of the
controller as the DHCP server IP address.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Note
If a WLAN has the DHCP server override option enabled and the controller has DHCP proxy enabled, any
interface mapped to the WLAN must have a DHCP server IP address or the WLAN must be configured with a
DHCP server IP address.
Step 8
If you want to require all clients to obtain their IP addresses from a DHCP server, select the DHCP Addr. Assignment
Required check box. When this feature is enabled, any client with a static IP address is not allowed on the network. The
default value is disabled.
Note
DHCP Addr. Assignment Required is not supported for wired guest
LANs.
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Click Apply.
On the General tab, select the Status check box and click Apply to reenable the WLAN.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 2
Specify the interface for which you configured a primary DHCP server to be used with this WLAN by entering this
command:
config wlan interface wlan-id interface_name
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Step 3
Step 4
If you want to define a DHCP server on the WLAN that will override the DHCP server address on the interface assigned
to the WLAN, enter this command:
config wlan dhcp_server wlan-id dhcp_server_ip_address
Note
The preferred method for configuring DHCP is to use the primary DHCP address assigned to a particular interface
instead of the DHCP server override. If you enable the override, you can use the show wlan command to verify
that the DHCP server has been assigned to the WLAN.
Note
If a WLAN has the DHCP server override option enabled and the controller has DHCP proxy enabled, any
interface mapped to the WLAN must have a DHCP server IP address or the WLAN must be configured with a
DHCP server IP address.
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Choose Controller > Internal DHCP Server > DHCP Scope to open the DHCP Scopes page.
This page lists any DHCP scopes that have already been configured.
If you ever want to delete an existing DHCP scope, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that
scope and choose Remove.
Click New to add a new DHCP scope. The DHCP Scope > New page appears.
In the Scope Name text box, enter a name for the new DHCP scope.
Click Apply. When the DHCP Scopes page reappears, click the name of the new scope. The DHCP Scope > Edit page
appears.
In the Pool Start Address text box, enter the starting IP address in the range assigned to the clients.
Note
This pool must be unique for each DHCP scope and must not include the static IP addresses of routers or other
servers.
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
In the Pool End Address text box, enter the ending IP address in the range assigned to the clients.
Note
This pool must be unique for each DHCP scope and must not include the static IP addresses of routers or other
servers.
In the Network text box, enter the network served by this DHCP scope. This IP address is used by the management
interface with Netmask applied, as configured on the Interfaces page.
In the Netmask text box, enter the subnet mask assigned to all wireless clients.
In the Lease Time text box, enter the amount of time (from 0 to 65536 seconds) that an IP address is granted to a client.
In the Default Routers text box, enter the IP address of the optional router connecting the controllers. Each router must
include a DHCP forwarding agent, which allows a single controller to serve the clients of multiple controllers.
In the DNS Domain Name text box, enter the optional domain name system (DNS) domain name of this DHCP scope
for use with one or more DNS servers.
In the DNS Servers text box, enter the IP address of the optional DNS server. Each DNS server must be able to update
a clients DNS entry to match the IP address assigned by this DHCP scope.
In the Netbios Name Servers text box, enter the IP address of the optional Microsoft Network Basic Input Output System
(NetBIOS) name server, such as the Internet Naming Service (WINS) server.
From the Status drop-down list, choose Enabled to enable this DHCP scope or choose Disabled to disable it.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Choose DHCP Allocated Leases to see the remaining lease time for wireless clients. The DHCP Allocated Lease page
appears, showing the MAC address, IP address, and remaining lease time for the wireless clients.
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Step 2
If you ever want to delete a DHCP scope, enter this command: config dhcp delete-scope
scope.
Specify the starting and ending IP address in the range assigned to the clients by entering this command:
config dhcp address-pool scope start end
This pool must be unique for each DHCP scope and must not include the static IP addresses of routers or other
servers.
Specify the network served by this DHCP scope (the IP address used by the management interface with the Netmask
applied) and the subnet mask assigned to all wireless clients by entering this command:
config dhcp network scope network netmask
Note
Step 3
Step 4
Specify the amount of time (from 0 to 65536 seconds) that an IP address is granted to a client by entering this command:
config dhcp lease scope lease_duration
Step 5
Specify the IP address of the optional router connecting the controllers by entering this command:
config dhcp default-router scope router_1 [router_2] [router_3]
Each router must include a DHCP forwarding agent, which allows a single controller to serve the clients of multiple
controllers.
Step 6
Specify the optional domain name system (DNS) domain name of this DHCP scope for use with one or more DNS
servers by entering this command:
config dhcp domain scope domain
Step 7
Specify the IP address of the optional DNS server(s) by entering this command:
config dhcp dns-servers scope dns1 [dns2] [dns3]
Each DNS server must be able to update a clients DNS entry to match the IP address assigned by this DHCP scope
Step 8
Specify the IP address of the optional Microsoft Network Basic Input Output System (NetBIOS) name server, such as
the Internet Naming Service (WINS) server by entering this command:
config dhcp netbios-name-server scope wins1 [wins2] [wins3]
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
No
No
Enabled
Address Range
0.0.0.0 -> 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 -> 0.0.0.0
Display the DHCP information for a particular scope by entering this command:
show dhcp scope
Information similar to the following appears:
Enabled....................................... No
321
Lease Time....................................
Pool Start....................................
Pool End......................................
Network.......................................
Netmask.......................................
Default Routers...............................
DNS Domain....................................
DNS...........................................
Netbios Name Servers..........................
0
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
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Note
If MAC filtering is configured, the controller tries to authenticate the wireless clients using the RADIUS
servers first. Local MAC filtering is attempted only if no RADIUS servers are found, either because the
RADIUS servers timed out or no RADIUS servers were configured.
323
Note
A beacon period, which is specified in milliseconds on the controller, is converted internally by the software
to 802.11 Time Units (TUs), where 1 TU = 1.024 milliseconds. On Ciscos 802.11n access points, this
value is rounded to the nearest multiple of 17 TUs. For example, a configured beacon period of 100 ms
results in an actual beacon period of 104 ms.
Many applications cannot tolerate a long time between broadcast and multicast messages, which results in
poor protocol and application performance. We recommend that you set a low DTIM value for 802.11 networks
that support such clients.
You can configure the DTIM period for the 802.11 radio networks on specific WLANs. For example, you
might want to set different DTIM values for voice and data WLANs.
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Step 2
Configure the DTIM period for a 802.11 radio network on a specific WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan dtim {802.11a | 802.11b} dtim wlan_id
where dtim is a value between 1 and 255 (inclusive). The default value is 1 (transmit broadcast and multicast frames
after every beacon).
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
325
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DisabledDisables peer-to-peer blocking and bridges traffic locally within the controller whenever possible. This
is the default value.
Note
Step 5
Step 6
To enable peer-to-peer blocking on a WLAN configured for FlexConnect local switching, select Drop
from the P2P Blocking drop-down list and select the FlexConnect Local Switching check box.
Step 2
Step 3
See the status of peer-to-peer blocking for a WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier.................................. 1
Profile Name..................................... test
Network Name (SSID).............................. test
Status........................................... Enabled
...
...
...
Peer-to-Peer Blocking Action..................... Disabled
Radio Policy..................................... All
Local EAP Authentication...................... Disabled
327
Note
To use LEAP with lightweight access points and wireless clients, make sure to choose Cisco-Aironet as
the RADIUS server type when configuring the CiscoSecure Access Control Server (ACS).
Check the security settings of each WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
The default security setting for new WLANs is 802.1X with dynamic keys enabled. To maintain robust
Layer 2 security, leave 802.1X configured on your WLANs.
Disable or enable the 802.1X authentication by entering this command:
config wlan security 802.1X {enable | disable} wlan_id
After you enable 802.1X authentication, the controller sends EAP authentication packets between the
wireless client and the authentication server. This command allows all EAP-type packets to be sent to
and from the controller.
Change the 802.1X encryption level for a WLAN by entering this command:
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329
This figure shows the sequence of message exchanges that occur when Over the Air client roaming is
configured.
Figure 30: Message Exchanges when Over the Air client roaming is configured
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This figure shows the sequence of message exchanges that occur when Over the DS client roaming is configured.
Figure 31: Message Exchanges when Over the DS client roaming is configured
331
If WAN link latency exists, fast roaming is also delayed. Voice or data maximum latency should be
verified. The controller handles 802.11r Fast Transition authentication request during roaming for both
Over-the-Air and Over-the-DS methods.
This feature is supported only on open and WPA2 configured WLANs.
Legacy clients cannot associate with a WLAN that has 802.11r enabled if the driver of the supplicant
that is responsible for parsing the Robust Security Network Information Exchange (RSN IE) is old and
not aware of the additional AKM suites in the IE. Due to this limitation, clients cannot send association
requests to WLANs. These clients, however, can still associate with non-802.11r WLANs. Clients that
are 802.11r capable can associate as 802.11i clients on WLANs that have both 802.11i and 802.11r
Authentication Key Management Suites enabled.
The workaround is to enable or upgrade the driver of the legacy clients to work with the new 802.11r
AKMs, after which the legacy clients can successfully associate with 802.11r enabled WLANs.
Another workaround is to have two SSIDs with the same name but with different security settings (FT
and non-FT).
Fast Transition resource request protocol is not supported because clients do not support this protocol.
Also, the resource request protocol is an optional protocol.
To avoid any Denial of Service (DoS) attack, each controller allows a maximum of three Fast Transition
handshakes with different APs.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Select or unselect the Fast Transition check box to enable or disable Fast Transition on the WLAN.
Select or unselect the Over the DS check box to enable or disable Fast Transition over a distributed system.
This option is available only if you enable Fast Transition.
Step 7
In the Reassociation Timeout box, enter the number of seconds after which the reassociation attempt of a client to an
AP should time out.
The valid range is 1 to 100 seconds.
This option is available only if you enable Fast Transition.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Under Authentication Key Management, choose between FT 802.1X or FT PSK. Select or unselect the corresponding
check boxes to enable or disable the keys. If you select the FT PSK check box, then, from the PSK Format drop-down
list, choose ASCII or Hex and enter the key value.
From the WPA gtk-randomize State drop-down list, choose Enable or Disable to configure the WPA group temporal
key (GTK) randomize state.
Click Apply to save your settings.
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Step 1
To enable or disable 802.11r fast transition parameters, use the config wlan security ft {enable | disable} wlan-id
command.
By default, the fast transition is disabled.
Step 2
To enable or disable 802.11r fast transition parameters over a distributed system, use the config wlan security ft
over-the-ds {enable | disable} wlan-id command.
By default, the fast transition over a distributed system is disabled.
Step 3
To enable or disable the authentication key management for fast transition using preshared keys (PSK), use the config
wlan security wpa akm ft-psk {enable | disable} wlan-id command.
By default, the authentication key management using PSK is disabled.
Step 4
To enable or disable the authentication key management for fast transition using 802.1X, use the config wlan security
wpa akm ft-802.1X {enable | disable} wlan-id command.
By default, the authentication key management using 802.1X is disabled.
Step 5
To enable or disable 802.11r fast transition reassociation timeout, use the config wlan security ft
reassociation-timeouttimeout-in-seconds wlan-id command.
The valid range is 1 to 100 seconds. The default value of reassociation timeout is 20 seconds.
Step 6
To enable or disable the authentication key management for fast transition over a distributed system, use the config wlan
security wpa akm ft over-the-ds {enable | disable} wlan-id command.
By default, the authentication key management for fast transition over a distributed system is enabled.
Step 7
To view the fast transition configuration on a client, use the show client detailed client-mac command.
Step 8
To view the fast transition configuration on a WLAN, use the show wlan wlan-id command.
Step 9
To enable or disable debugging of fast transition events, use the debug ft events {enable | disable} command.
Step 10
To enable or disable debugging of key generation for fast transition, use the debug ft keys {enable | disable} command.
Resolution
Non-802.11r legacy clients are no longer connecting. Check if the WLAN has FT enabled. If so, non-FT
WLAN will need to be created.
When configuring WLAN, the FT setup options are Check if WPA2 is being used (802.1x / PSK). FT is
not shown.
supported only on WPA2 and OPEN SSIDs.
802.11r clients appear to reauthenticate when they do Check if the reassociation timeout has been lowered
a Layer 2 roam to a new controller.
from the default of 20 by navigating to WLANs >
WLAN Name > Security > Layer 2 on the controller
GUI.
333
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose WLANs > WLAN ID to open the WLANs > Edit page.
In the Security tab, click the Layer 2 tab.
Select the MAC Filtering check box.
Select the Mac Auth or Dot1x check box.
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335
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
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Step 9
Step 10
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Enable or disable AES or TKIP data encryption for WPA1 or WPA2 by entering one of these commands:
config wlan security wpa wpa1 ciphers {aes | tkip} {enable | disable} wlan_id
config wlan security wpa wpa2 ciphers {aes | tkip} {enable | disable} wlan_id
The default values are TKIP for WPA1 and AES for WPA2.
When you have VLAN configuration on WGB, you need to configure the encryption cipher mode and keys for a particular
VLAN, for example, encryption vlan 80 mode ciphers tkip. Then, you need configure the encryption cipher mode
globally on the multicast interface by entering the following command: encryption mode ciphers tkip.
Step 6
Enable or disable 802.1X, PSK, or CCKM authenticated key management by entering this command:
config wlan security wpa akm {802.1X | psk | cckm} {enable | disable} wlan_id
The default value is 802.1X.
Step 7
If you enabled PSK in Step 6, enter this command to specify a preshared key:
config wlan security wpa akm psk set-key {ascii | hex} psk-key wlan_id
WPA preshared keys must contain 8 to 63 ASCII text characters or 64 hexadecimal characters.
Step 8
Enable or disable authentication key management suite for fast transition by entering this command:
config wlan security wpa akm ft {802.1X | psk} {enable | disable} wlan_id
You can now choose between the PSK and the fast transition PSK as the AKM
suite.
Enable or disable randomization of group temporal keys (GTK) between AP and clients by entering this command:
config wlan security wpa gtk-random {enable | disable} wlan_id
Note
Step 9
Step 10
If you enabled WPA2 with 802.1X authenticated key management or WPA1 or WPA2 with CCKM authenticated key
management, the PMK cache lifetime timer is used to trigger reauthentication with the client when necessary. The timer
is based on the timeout value received from the AAA server or the WLAN session timeout setting. To see the amount
of time remaining before the timer expires, enter this command:
337
Step 12
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2
new
new
Disabled
Disabled
Open System
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Step 3
Step 4
20
Enabled
Enabled
1000
Disabled
Disabled
339
Configuring CKIP
Information About CKIP
Cisco Key Integrity Protocol (CKIP) is a Cisco-proprietary security protocol for encrypting 802.11 media.
CKIP improves 802.11 security in infrastructure mode using key permutation, a message integrity check
(MIC), and a message sequence number. Software release 4.0 or later releases support CKIP with a static key.
For this feature to operate correctly, you must enable Aironet information elements (IEs) for the WLAN.
A lightweight access point advertises support for CKIP in beacon and probe response packets by adding an
Aironet IE and setting one or both of the CKIP negotiation bits (key permutation and multi-modular hash
message integrity check [MMH MIC]). Key permutation is a data encryption technique that uses the basic
encryption key and the current initialization vector (IV) to create a new key. MMH MIC prevents bit-flip
attacks on encrypted packets by using a hash function to compute message integrity code.
The CKIP settings specified in a WLAN are mandatory for any client attempting to associate. If the WLAN
is configured for both CKIP key permutation and MMH MIC, the client must support both. If the WLAN is
configured for only one of these features, the client must support only the CKIP feature.
CKIP requires that 5-byte and 13-byte encryption keys be expanded to 16-byte keys. The algorithm to perform
key expansion occurs at the access point. The key is appended to itself repeatedly until the length reaches 16
bytes. All lightweight access points support CKIP.
Note
CKIP is supported for use only with static WEP. It is not supported for use with dynamic WEP. Therefore,
a wireless client that is configured to use CKIP with dynamic WEP is unable to associate to a WLAN that
is configured for CKIP. We recommend that you use either dynamic WEP without CKIP (which is less
secure) or WPA/WPA2 with TKIP or AES (which are more secure).
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Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
Step 18
Under CKIP Parameters, choose the length of the CKIP encryption key from the Key Size drop-down list.The range is
Not Set, 40 bits, or 104 bits and the default is Not Set.
Choose the number to be assigned to this key from the Key Index drop-down list. You can configure up to four keys.
From the Key Format drop-down list, choose ASCII or HEX and then enter an encryption key in the Encryption Key
text box. 40-bit keys must contain 5 ASCII text characters or 10 hexadecimal characters. 104-bit keys must contain 13
ASCII text characters or 26 hexadecimal characters.
Select the MMH Mode check box to enable MMH MIC data protection for this WLAN. The default value is disabled
(or unselected).
Select the Key Permutation check box to enable this form of CKIP data protection. The default value is disabled (or
unselected).
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Choose the General tab.
Select the Status check box to enable this WLAN.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Specify a CKIP encryption key for the WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan security ckip akm psk set-key wlan_id {40 | 104} {hex | ascii} key key_index
341
Step 5
Enable or disable CKIP MMH MIC for the WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan security ckip mmh-mic {enable | disable} wlan_id
Step 6
Enable or disable CKIP key permutation for the WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan security ckip kp {enable | disable} wlan_id
Step 7
Step 8
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Configure a session timeout for wireless clients on a WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan session-timeout wlan_id timeout
The default value is 1800 seconds for the following Layer 2 security types: 802.1X, Static WEP+802.1X, WPA+WPA2
with 802.1X, CCKM, or 802.1X+CCKM authentication key management and 0 seconds for all other Layer 2 security
types (Open WLAN/CKIP/Static WEP). A value of 0 is equivalent to no timeout.
Step 2
Step 3
See the current session timeout value for a WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier.................................. 9
Profile Name..................................... test12
Network Name (SSID)........................... test12
...
Number of Active Clients......................... 0
Exclusionlist Timeout............................ 60 seconds
Session Timeout............................... 1800 seconds
...
343
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click the ID number of the WLAN for which you want to configure VPN passthrough. The WLANs > Edit page appears.
Choose the Security and Layer 3 tabs to open the WLANs > Edit (Security > Layer 3) page.
Step 4
Step 5
In the VPN Gateway Address text box, enter the IP address of the gateway router that is terminating the VPN tunnels
initiated by the client and passed through the controller.
Step 6
Step 7
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Before enabling web authentication, make sure that all proxy servers are configured for ports other than
port 53.
When you enable web authentication for a WLAN, a message appears indicating that the controller
forwards DNS traffic to and from wireless clients prior to authentication. We recommend that you have
a firewall or intrusion detection system (IDS) behind your guest VLAN to regulate DNS traffic and to
prevent and detect any DNS tunneling attacks.
If the web authentication is enabled on the WLAN and you also have the CPU ACL rules, the client-based
web authentication rules take higher precedence as long as the client is unauthenticated (in the
webAuth_Reqd state). Once the client goes to the RUN state, the CPU ACL rules get applied. Therefore,
if the CPU ACL rules are enabled in the controller, an allow rule for the virtual interface IP is required
(in any direction) with the following conditions:
When the CPU ACL does not have an allow ACL rule for both directions.
When an allow ALL rule exists, but also a DENY rule for port 443 or 80 of higher precedence.
The allow rule for the virtual IP should be for TCP protocol and port 80 (if secureweb is disabled) or
port 443 (if secureweb is enabled). This process is required to allow clients access to the virtual interface
IP address, post successful authentication when the CPU ACL rules are in place.
Additional Information
For more information on using web authentication, see Managing User Accounts.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
345
Step 1
Step 2
Release the guest user IP address when the web authentication policy timer expires and prevent the guest user from
acquiring an IP address for 3 minutes by entering this command:
config wlan webauth-exclude wlan_id {enable | disable}
The default value is disabled. This command is applicable when you configure the internal DHCP scope on the controller.
By default, when the web authentication timer expires for a guest user, the user can immediately reassociate to the same
IP address before another guest user can acquire it. If there are many guest users or limited IP addresses in the DHCP
pool, some guest users might not be able to acquire an IP address.
When you enable this feature on the guest WLAN, the guest users IP address is released when the web authentication
policy timer expires and the guest user is excluded from acquiring an IP address for 3 minutes. The IP address is available
for another guest user to use. After 3 minutes, the excluded guest user can reassociate and acquire an IP address, if
available.
Step 3
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may break when redirecting to an ISE captive portal. The controller prevents this pseudo-browser from popping
up.
You can now configure the controller to bypass WISPr detection process, so the webauth interception is only
done when a user requests a webpage leading to splash page load in user context, without the WISPr detection
being performed in the background.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Before configuring a fallback policy, you must have MAC filtering enabled.
347
Note
The controller forwards DNS traffic to and from wireless clients prior to authentication.
The following options are displayed:
Authentication
Passthrough
Conditional Web Redirect
Splash Page Web Redirect
On MAC Filter Failure
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Before configuring a fallback policy, you must have MAC filtering enabled. To know more about how to
enable MAC filtering, see the Information About MAC Filtering of WLANs, on page 322 section.
Step 1
Step 2
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AVVID IP DSCP
QoS Profile
AVVID 802.1p
IEEE 802.11e
UP
Network control
56 (CS7)
Platinum
Inter-network control
(CAPWAP control,
802.11 management)
48 (CS6)
Platinum
Voice
46 (EF)
Platinum
Interactive video
34 (AF41)
Gold
Mission critical
26 (AF31)
Gold
Transactional
18 (AF21)
Silver
Bulk data
10 (AF11)
Bronze
Best effort
0 (BE)
Silver
Scavenger
Bronze
349
Note
The IEEE 802.11e UP value for DSCP values that are not mentioned in the table is calculated by considering
3 MSB bits of DSCP.
For example, the IEEE 802.11e UP value for DSCP 32 (100 000 in binary), would be the decimal equivalent
of the MSB (100) which is 4. The 802.11e UP value of DSCP 32 is 4.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
OL-27510-01
a) Define the average data rate TCP traffic per SSID by entering the rate in Kbps in the Average Data Rate text boxes.
A value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
b) Define the peak data rate for TCP traffic per SSID by entering the rate in Kbps in the Burst Data Rate text boxes. A
value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
Note
The burst data rate should be greater than or equal to the average data rate. Otherwise, the QoS policy may
block traffic in the WLANs.
c) Define the average real-time rate for UDP traffic per SSID by entering the rate in Kbps in the Average Real-Time
Rate text boxes. A value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
d) Define the peak real-time rate for UDP traffic per SSID by entering the rate in Kbps in the Burst Real-Time Rate
text boxes. A value of 0 indicates that the value specified in the selected QoS profile will take effect.
Note
The burst real-time rate should be greater than or equal to the average real-time rate. Otherwise, the QoS
policy may block traffic in the WLANs.
Step 7
Step 8
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Verify that you have properly assigned the QoS profile to the WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier..................................
Profile Name.....................................
Network Name (SSID)..............................
Status...........................................
MAC Filtering....................................
Broadcast SSID...................................
AAA Policy Override..............................
Number of Active Clients.........................
Exclusionlist....................................
Session Timeout..................................
Interface........................................
1
test
test
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
0
Disabled
0
management
351
WLAN ACL.........................................
DHCP Server......................................
DHCP Address Assignment Required.................
Quality of Service...............................
WMM..............................................
...
unconfigured
1.100.163.24
Disabled
Silver (best effort)
Disabled
OL-27510-01
both 7921 and 7920 phones to co-exist on the same network, make sure that load-based CAC and 7920
AP CAC are both enabled on the controller and the WMM Policy is set to Allowed. These settings
become particularly important if you have many more 7920 users than 7921 users.
We recommend that aggressive load balancing always be turned off either through the controller GUI
or CLI in any wireless network that is supporting voice, regardless of vendor. When aggressive load
balancing is turned on, voice clients can hear an audible artifact when roaming, if the handset is refused
at its first reassociation attempt.
Additional Information
See Configuring Controller Settings for more information on configuration instruction for load-based CAC.
Step 5
Step 6
Select the 7920 AP CAC check box if you want to enable 7920 support mode for phones that require access
point-controlled CAC. The default value is unselected.
Select the 7920 Client CAC check box if you want to enable 7920 support mode for phones that require client-controlled
CAC. The default value is unselected.
Note
You cannot enable both WMM mode and client-controlled CAC mode on the same WLAN.
Step 7
Step 8
Determine the ID number of the WLAN to which you want to add QBSS support by entering this command:
show wlan summary
353
Step 2
Step 3
Configure WMM mode for 7921 phones and other devices that meet the WMM standard by entering this command:
config wlan wmm {disabled | allowed | required} wlan_id
where
disabled disables WMM mode on the WLAN.
allowed allows client devices to use WMM on the WLAN.
required requires client devices to use WMM. Devices that do not support WMM cannot join the WLAN.
Step 4
Enable or disable 7920 support mode for phones that require client-controlled CAC by entering this command:
config wlan 7920-support client-cac-limit {enable | disable} wlan_id
Note
You cannot enable both WMM mode and client-controlled CAC mode on the same WLAN.
Step 5
Enable or disable 7920 support mode for phones that require access point-controlled CAC by entering this command:
config wlan 7920-support ap-cac-limit {enable | disable} wlan_id
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Verify that the WLAN is enabled and the Dot11-Phone Mode (7920) text box is configured for compact mode by entering
this command:
show wlan wlan_id
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The controller provides detailed information for VoIP MSA calls. For failed calls, the controller generates a
trap log with a timestamp and the reason for failure (in the GUI) and an error code (in the CLI) to aid in
troubleshooting. For successful calls, the controller shows the number and duration of calls for usage tracking
purposes. Cisco Prime Infrastructure displays failed VoIP call information in the Events page.
Step 8
Enable or disable VoIP snooping for a particular WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan call-snoop {enable | disable} wlan_id
Step 2
355
Step 3
See the status of media session snooping on a particular WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier.................................. 1
Profile Name..................................... wpa2-psk
Network Name (SSID).............................. wpa2-psk
Status........................................... Enabled
...
FlexConnect Local Switching........................ Disabled
FlexConnect Learn IP Address....................... Enabled
Infrastructure MFP protection.............. Enabled (Global Infrastructure MFP
Disabled)
Client MFP.................................... Optional
Tkip MIC Countermeasure Hold-down Timer....... 60
Call Snooping.................................. Enabled
Step 4
See the call information for an MSA client when media session snooping is enabled and the call is active by entering
this command:
show call-control client callInfo client_MAC_address
Information similar to the following appears:
Uplink IP/port......................................
Downlonk IP/port....................................
UP..................................................
Calling Party.......................................
Called Party........................................
Call ID.............................................
Number of calls for given client is.............. 1
Step 5
192.11.1.71 / 23870
192.12.1.47 / 2070
6
sip:1054
sip:1000
58635b00-850161b7-14853-1501a8
See the metrics for successful calls or the traps generated for failed calls by entering this command:
show call-control ap {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP {metrics | traps}
Information similar to the following appears when you enter show call-control ap {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP
metrics:
Total Call Duration in Seconds................... 120
Number of Calls.................................. 10
Information similar to the following appears when you enter show call-control ap {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP traps:
Number of traps sent in one min.................. 2
Last SIP error code.............................. 404
Last sent trap timestamp...................... Jun 20 10:05:06
To aid in troubleshooting, the output of this command shows an error code for any failed calls. This table explains the
possible error codes for failed calls.
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Error Code
Integer
Description
unknown
Unknown error.
400
badRequest
401
unauthorized
402
paymentRequired
403
forbidden
404
notFound
The server has information that the user does not exist at the domain
specified in the Request-URI.
405
methodNotallowed
406
notAcceptabl
407
proxyAuthenticationRequired
408
requestTimeout
409
conflict
410
gone
411
lengthRequired
413
requestEntityTooLarge
414
requestURITooLarge
415
unsupportedMediaType
357
Error Code
Integer
Description
420
badExtension
480
temporarilyNotAvailable
The callees end system was contacted successfully, but the callee
is currently unavailable.
481
callLegDoesNotExist
The UAS received a request that does not match any existing dialog
or transaction.
482
loopDetected
483
tooManyHops
484
addressIncomplete
485
ambiguous
486
busy
The callees end system was contacted successfully, but the callee
is currently not willing or able to take additional calls at this end
system.
500
internalServerError
501
notImplemented
The server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the
request.
502
badGateway
503
serviceUnavailable
504
serverTimeout
The server did not receive a timely response from an external server
it accessed in attempting to process the request.
505
versionNotSupported
The server does not support or refuses to support the SIP protocol
version that was used in the request.
600
busyEverywhere
The callees end system was contacted successfully, but the callee
is busy or does not want to take the call at this time.
603
decline
The callees machine was contacted successfully, but the user does
not want to or cannot participate.
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Error Code
Integer
Description
604
doesNotExistAnywhere
606
notAcceptable
Note
If you experience any problems with media session snooping, enter the debug call-control {all | event} {enable
| disable} command to debug all media session snooping messages or events.
359
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 1
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Step 2
To enable the functioning of the KTS-based CAC feature, ensure you do the following:
a) Enable WMM on the WLAN by entering the following command:
config wlan wmm allow wlan-id
b) Enable ACM at the radio level by entering the following command:
config 802.11a cac voice acm enable
c) Enable the processing of the TSPEC inactivity timeout at the radio level by entering the following command:
config 802.11a cac voice tspec-inactivity-timeout enable
Related Commands
To see whether the client supports KTS-based CAC, enter the following command:
show client detail client-mac-address
Information similar to the following appears:
Client MAC Address............................... 00:60:b9:0d:ef:26
Client Username ................................. N/A
AP MAC Address................................... 58:bc:27:93:79:90
QoS Level........................................
802.1P Priority Tag..............................
KTS CAC Capability...............................
WMM Support......................................
Power Save.......................................
Platinum
disabled
Yes
Enabled
ON
361
Note
Enable or disable reanchoring of roaming voice clients for a particular WLAN by entering this command:
config wlan roamed-voice-client re-anchor {enable | disable} wlan id
Step 2
Step 3
See the status of reanchoring roaming voice client on a particular WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier..................................
Profile Name.....................................
Network Name (SSID)..............................
Status...........................................
...
1
wpa2-psk
wpa2-psk
Enabled
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Call Snooping....................................
Roamed Call Re-Anchor Policy.....................
Band Select......................................
Load Balancing...................................
Step 4
Enabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
363
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Controller > IPv6 > RA Guard to open the IPv6 RA Guard page. By default the IPv6 RA Guard on AP is
enabled.
From the drop-down list, choose Disable to disable RA Guard. The controller also displays the clients that have been
identified as sending RA packets.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 3
Step 4
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Choose Controller > IPv6 > RA Throttle Policy page. By default the IPv6 RA Throttle Policy is disabled. Unselect
the check box to disable RA throttle policy.
Configure the following parameters:
Step 2
Throttle periodThe period of time for throttling. RA throttling takes place only after the Max Through limit is
reached for the VLAN or the Allow At-Most value is reached for a particular router. The range is from 10 seconds
to 86400 seconds. The default is 600 seconds.
Max ThroughThe maximum number of RA packets on a VLAN that can be sent before throttling takes place.
The No Limit option allows an unlimited number of RA packets through with no throttling. The range is from 0
to 256 RA packets. The default is 10 RA packets.
Interval OptionThis option allows the controller to act differently based on the RFC 3775 value set in IPv6 RA
packets.
Passthrough Allows any RA messages with the RFC 3775 interval option to go through without throttling.
IgnoreCauses the RA throttle to treat packets with the interval option as a regular RA and subject to
throttling if in effect.
ThrottleCauses the RA packets with the interval option to always be subject to rate limiting.
Allow At-leastThe minimum number of RA packets per router that can be sent as multicast before throttling
takes place. The range is from 0 to 32 RA packets.
Allow At-mostThe maximum number of RA packets per router that can be sent as multicast before throttling
takes place. The No Limit option allows an unlimited number of RA packets through the router. The range is from
0 to 256 RA packets.
Note
Step 3
Step 4
When RA throttling occurs, only the first IPv6 capable router is allowed through. For networks that have
multiple IPv6 prefixes being served by different routers, you should disable RA throttling.
365
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
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367
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
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It is not possible to configure 802.1X on remote LANs through the controller GUI; configuration only
through CLI is supported.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Use the parameters on the General, Security, and Advanced tabs to configure this remote LAN. See the sections in the
rest of this chapter for instructions on configuring specific features.
On the General tab, select the Status check box to enable this remote LAN. Be sure to leave it unselected until you have
finished making configuration changes to the remote LAN.
Note
You can also enable or disable remote LANs from the WLANs page by selecting the check boxes to the left of
the IDs that you want to enable or disable, choosing Enable Selected or Disable Selected from the drop-down
list, and clicking Go.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
369
Note
Enable or disable local EAP with the controller as an authentication server, by entering this command:
config remote-lan local-auth enable profile-name remote-lan-id
If you are using an external AAA authentication server, use the following command:
config remote-lan radius_server auth {add | delete} remote-lan-id server id
config remote-lan radius_server auth {enable | disable} remote-lan-id
Configuring AP Groups
Information About Access Point Groups
After you create up to 512 WLANs on the controller, you can selectively publish them (using access point
groups) to different access points to better manage your wireless network. In a typical deployment, all users
on a WLAN are mapped to a single interface on the controller. Therefore, all users that are associated with
that WLAN are on the same subnet or VLAN. However, you can choose to distribute the load among several
interfaces or to a group of users based on specific criteria such as individual departments (such as Marketing)
by creating access point groups. Additionally, these access point groups can be configured in separate VLANs
to simplify network administration.
In the figure, three configured dynamic interfaces are mapped to three different VLANs (VLAN 61, VLAN
62, and VLAN 63). Three access point groups are defined, and each is a member of a different VLAN, but
all are members of the same SSID. A client within the wireless SSID is assigned an IP address from the VLAN
subnet on which its access point is a member. For example, any user that associates with an access point that
is a member of access point group VLAN 61 is assigned an IP address from that subnet.
In the figure, the controller internally treats roaming between access points as a Layer 3 roaming event. In
this way, WLAN clients maintain their original IP addresses.
After all access points have joined the controller, you can create access point groups and assign up to 16
WLANs to each group. Each access point advertises only the enabled WLANs that belong to its access point
group. The access point does not advertise disabled WLANs in its access point group or WLANs that belong
to another group.
OL-27510-01
AP Groups Supported
50
500
200
6000
371
Controller Platform
AP Groups Supported
6000
1000
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Configure the appropriate dynamic interfaces and map them to the desired VLANs.
For example, to implement the network described in the Information About Access Point Groups section, create dynamic
interfaces for VLANs 61, 62, and 63 on the controller. See the Configuring Dynamic Interfaces section for information
about how to configure dynamic interfaces.
Create the access point groups. See the Creating Access Point Groups section.
Create a RF profile. See the Creating an RF Profile section.
Assign access points to the appropriate access point groups. See the Creating Access Point Groups section.
Apply the RF profile on the AP groups. See the Applying RF Profile to AP Groups section.
Choose WLANs > Advanced > AP Groups to open the AP Groups page.
This page lists all the access point groups currently created on the controller. By default, all access points belong to the
default access point group default-group, unless you assign them to other access point groups.
The controller creates a default access point group and automatically populates it with the first 16 WLANs
(WLANs with IDs 1 through 16, or fewer if 16 WLANs are not configured). This default group cannot be
modified (you cannot add WLANs to it nor delete WLANs from it). It is dynamically updated whenever the
first 16 WLANs are added or deleted. If an access point does not belong to an access point group, it is assigned
to the default group and uses the WLANs in that group. If an access point joins the controller with an undefined
access point group name, the access point keeps its group name but uses the WLANs in the default-group access
point group.
Click Add Group to create a new access point group. The Add New AP Group section appears at the top of the page.
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
OL-27510-01
If you ever want to delete this group, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the group and choose
Remove. An error message appears if you try to delete an access point group that is used by at least one access
point. Before deleting an access point group in controller software release 6.0 or later releases, move all access
points in the group to another group. The access points are not moved to the default-group access point group
as in previous releases.
Click the name of the group to edit this new group. The AP Groups > Edit (General) page appears.
Change the description of this access point group by entering the new text in the AP Group Description text box and
click Apply.
Choose the WLANs tab to open the AP Groups > Edit (WLANs) page. This page lists the WLANs that are currently
assigned to this access point group.
Click Add New to assign a WLAN to this access point group. The Add New section appears at the top of the page.
From the WLAN SSID drop-down list, choose the SSID of the WLAN.
From the Interface Name drop-down list, choose the interface to which you want to map the access point group. Choose
the quarantine VLAN if you plan to enable network admission control (NAC) out-of-band support.
Note
The interface name in the default-group access point group matches the WLAN interface.
Note
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
Step 18
Select the NAC State check box to enable NAC out-of-band support for this access point group. To disable NAC
out-of-band support, leave the check box unselected, which is the default value.
Click Add to add this WLAN to the access point group. This WLAN appears in the list of WLANs that are assigned to
this access point group.
Note
If you ever want to remove this WLAN from the access point group, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down
arrow for the WLAN and choose Remove.
Repeat Step 9 through Step 13 to add any additional WLANs to this access point group.
Choose the APs tab to assign access points to this access point group. The AP Groups > Edit (APs) page lists the access
points that are currently assigned to this group as well as any access points that are available to be added to the group.
If an access point is not currently assigned to a group, its group name appears as default-group.
Select the check box to the left of the access point name and click Add APs to add an access point to this access point
group. The access point now appears in the list of access points currently in this access point group.
Note
To select all of the available access points at once, select the AP Name check box. All of the access points are
then selected.
Note
If you ever want to remove an access point from the group, select the check box to the left of the access point
name and click Remove APs. To select all of the access points at once, select the AP Name check box. All of
the access points are then removed from this group.
Note
If you ever want to change the access point group to which an access point belongs, choose Wireless > Access
Points > All APs > ap_name > Advanced tab, choose the name of another access point group from the AP
Group Name drop-down list, and click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
373
Note
To delete an access point group, enter the config wlan apgroup delete group_name command. An error message
appears if you try to delete an access point group that is used by at least one access point. Before deleting an
access point group in controller software release 6.0 or later releases, move all access points in the group to
another group. The access points are not moved to the default-group access point group as in previous releases.
To see the access points in a group, enter the show wlan apgroups command. To move the access points to
another group, enter the config ap group-name group_name Cisco_AP command.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Configure a WLAN radio policy on the access point group by entering this command:
config wlan apgroup wlan-radio-policy apgroup_name wlan_id {802.11a-only | 802.11bg | 802.11g-only | all}
Step 6
Step 7
OL-27510-01
Configuring RF Profiles
Information About RF Profiles
RF Profiles allows you to tune groups of APs that share a common coverage zone together and selectively
change how RRM will operates the APs within that coverage zone.
For example, a university might deploy a high density of APs in an area where a high number of users will
congregate or meet. This situation requires that you manipulate both data rates and power to address the cell
density while managing the co-channel interference. In adjacent areas, normal coverage is provided and such
manipulation would result in a loss of coverage.
Using RF profiles and AP groups allows you to optimize the RF settings for AP groups that operate in different
environments or coverage zones. RF profiles are created for the 802.11 radios. RF profiles are applied to all
APs that belong to an AP group, where all APs in that group will have the same profile settings.
The RF profile gives you the control over the data rates and power (TPC) values.
Note
The application of an RF profile does not change the APs status in RRM. It is still in global configuration
mode controlled by RRM.
To address high-density complex RF topologies, the following configurations are available:
High Density ConfigurationsThe following configurations are available to fine tune RF environments
in a dense wireless network:
Client limit per WLAN or radioMaximum number of clients that can communicate with the AP
in a high-density environment.
Client trap thresholdThreshold value of the number of clients that associate with an access point,
after which an SNMP trap is sent to the controller and Cisco Prime Infrastructure.
Stadium Vision ConfigurationsYou can configure the following parameter:
Multicast data ratesConfigurable data rate for multicast traffic based on the RF condition of an
AP.
Out-of-Box AP ConfigurationsTo create an Out of Box AP group that consists of newly installed
access points that belong to the default AP group. When you enable this feature:
Newly installed access points that are part of the default AP group will be part of the Out-of-Box
AP group and their radios will be switched off. This eliminates any RF instability caused by the
new access points.
All access points that do not have a group name become part of the Out of Box AP group.
Special RF profiles are created per 802.11 band. These RF profiles have default settings for all the
existing RF parameters and additional new configurations.
375
Note
When you disable this feature after you enable it, only subscription of new APs to the
Out of Box AP group stops. All APs that are subscribed to the Out of Box AP Group
remain in this AP group. The network administrators can move such APs to the default
group or a custom AP group upon network convergence.
Band Select Configurations Band Select addresses client distribution between the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz
bands by first understanding the client capabilities to verify whether a client can associate on both
2.4-GHz and 5-GHz spectrum. Enabling band select on a WLAN forces the AP to do probe suppression
on the 2.4-GHz band that ultimately moves dual band clients to 5-GHz spectrum. You can configure
the following band select parameters per AP Group:
Probe responseProbe responses to clients that you can enable or disable.
Probe Cycle CountProbe cycle count for the RF profile. The cycle count sets the number of
suppression cycles for a new client.
Cycle ThresholdTime threshold for a new scanning RF Profile band select cycle period. This
setting determines the time threshold during which new probe requests from a client come in a
new scanning cycle.
Suppression ExpireExpiration time for pruning previously known 802.11b/g clients. After this
time elapses, clients become new and are subject to probe response suppression.
Dual Band ExpireExpiration time for pruning previously known dual-band clients. After this
time elapses, clients become new and are subject to probe response suppression.
Client RSSIMinimum RSSI for a client to respond to a probe.
Load Balancing ConfigurationsLoad balancing maintains fair distribution of clients across APs. You
can configure the following parameters:
WindowLoad balancing sets client association limits by enforcing a client window size. For
example, if the window size is defined as 3, assuming fair client distribution across the floor area,
then an AP should have no more than 3 clients associated with it than the group average.
DenialThe denial count sets the maximum number of association denials during load balancing.
Coverage Hole Mitigation ConfigurationsYou can configure the following parameters:
Data RSSIMinimum receive signal strength indication (RSSI) value for data packets received
by the access point. The value that you enter is used to identify coverage holes (or areas of poor
coverage) within your network.
Voice RSSIMinimum receive signal strength indication (RSSI) value for voice packets received
by the access point.
Coverage ExceptionMinimum number of clients on an access point with an RSSI value at or
below the data or voice RSSI threshold to trigger a coverage hole exception.
Coverage LevelPercentage of clients on an access point that are experiencing a low signal level
but cannot roam to another access point. If an access point has more number of such clients than
the configured coverage level it triggers a coverage hole event.
OL-27510-01
Step 9
Step 10
377
than this threshold is considered busy, and clients can associate only to access points with client counts lower than
the threshold.
The denial count sets the maximum number of association denials during load balancing.
b) In the Band Select area, select or unselect the Probe Response check box.
Note
The Band Select configurations are available only for the 802.11b/g RF profiles.
c) In the Cycle Count text box, enter a value that sets the number of suppression cycles for a new client. The default
count is 2.
d) In the Cycle Threshold text box, enter a time period in milliseconds that determines the time threshold during which
new probe requests from a client from a new scanning cycle. The default cycle threshold is 200 milliseconds.
e) In the Suppression Expire text box, enter a time period after which the 802.11 b/g clients become new and are subject
to probe response suppression.
f) In the Dual Band Expire text box, enter a time period after which the dual band clients become new and are subject
to probe response suppression.
g) In the Client RSSI text box, enter the minimum RSSI for a client to respond to a probe.
Step 11
Step 12
To configure the out-of-box status for all RF profiles, enter this command:
config rf-profile out-of-box {enable | disable}
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
To configure the data rates to be applied to the APs of this profile, enter this command:
config rf-profile data-rates {802.11a | 802.11b} {disabled | mandatory | supported} rate profile-name
Step 5
To configure the maximum and minimum power level assignment, that is the maximum and minimum power that the
APs in this RF profile are allowed to use, enter this command:
config rf-profile {tx-power-max | tx-power-min} power-value profile-name
Step 6
To configure a custom TPC power threshold for either Version1 or Version 2 of TPC, enter this command:
config rf-profile {tx-power-control-thresh-v1 | tx-power-control-thresh-v2} power-threshold profile-name
Step 7
OL-27510-01
To configure the maximum number of clients to be allowed per AP radio, enter this command:
config rf-profile max-clients num-of-clients profile-name
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Choose WLANs > Advanced > AP Groups to open the AP Groups page.
Click the AP Group Name to open the AP Group > Edit page.
Click the RF Profile tab to configure the RF profile details. You can choose an RF profile for each band (802.11a/802.11b)
or you can choose just one or none to apply to this group.
Note
Until you choose the APs and add them to the new group, no configurations are applied. You can save the new
configuration as is, but no profiles are applied. Once you choose the APs to move the AP group, the process of
moving the APs into the new group reboots the APs and the configurations for the RF profiles are applied to
the APs in that AP group.
379
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Click the APs tab and choose the APs to add to the AP group.
Click Add APs to add the selected APs to the AP group. A warning message displays that the AP group will reboot the
APs will rejoin the controller.
Note
APs cannot belong to two AP groups at
once.
Click Apply. The APs are added to the AP Group.
Note
The conditional web redirect feature is available only for WLANs that are configured for 802.1X or
WPA+WPA2 Layer 2 security.
After you configure the RADIUS server, you can then configure the conditional web redirect on the controller
using either the controller GUI or CLI.
OL-27510-01
Note
The splash page web redirect feature is available only for WLANs that are configured for 802.1X or
WPA+WPA2 Layer 2 security with 802.1x key management. Preshared key management is not supported
with any Layer 2 security method.
Suppose there are backend applications running on the wireless clients and they use HTTP or HTTPS port
for their communication. If the applications start communicating before the actual web page is opened, the
redirect functionality does not work with web passthrough.
After you configure the RADIUS server, you can then configure the splash page web redirect on the controller
using either the controller GUI or CLI.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
These instructions are specific to the CiscoSecure ACS; however, they should be similar to those for other
RADIUS servers.
381
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click the ID number of the desired WLAN. The WLANs > Edit page appears.
Choose the Security and Layer 2 tabs to open the WLANs > Edit (Security > Layer 2) page.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Choose one of the following options to enable conditional or splash page web redirect: Conditional Web Redirect or
Splash Page Web Redirect. The default value is disabled for both parameters.
Step 10
Step 11
If the user is to be redirected to a site external to the controller, choose the ACL that was configured on your RADIUS
server from the Preauthentication ACL drop-down list.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 12
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
See the status of the web redirect features for a particular WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier..................................
Profile Name.....................................
Network Name (SSID)..............................
...
Web Based Authentication.........................
1
test
test
Disabled
OL-27510-01
Web-Passthrough.................................. Disabled
Conditional Web Redirect......................... Disabled
Splash-Page Web Redirect......................... Enabled
...
Disabling accounting servers disables all accounting operations and prevents the controller from falling
back to the default RADIUS server for the WLAN.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click the ID number of the WLAN to be modified. The WLANs > Edit page appears.
Choose the Security and AAA Servers tabs to open the WLANs > Edit (Security > AAA Servers) page.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Note
You can disable coverage hole detection on a per-WLAN basis. When you disable coverage hole detection
on a WLAN, a coverage hole alert is still sent to the controller, but no other processing is done to mitigate
the coverage hole. This feature is useful for guest WLANs where guests are connected to your network
for short periods of time and are likely to be highly mobile.
383
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
See the coverage hole detection status for a particular WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan wlan-id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier.................................. 2
Profile Name..................................... wlan2
Network Name (SSID).............................. 2
. . .
CHD per WLAN.................................. Disabled
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385
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Configure NAC out-of-band support for a specific access point group as follows:
a) Choose WLANs > Advanced > AP Groups to open the AP Groups page.
b) Click the name of the desired access point group.
c) Choose the WLANs tab to open the AP Groups > Edit (WLANs) page.
d) Click Add New to assign a WLAN to this access point group. The Add New section appears at the top of the page.
e) From the WLAN SSID drop-down list, choose the SSID of the WLAN.
f) From the Interface Name drop-down list, choose the interface to which you want to map the access point group.
Choose the quarantine VLAN if you plan to enable NAC out-of-band support.
g) To enable NAC out-of-band support for this access point group, select the NAC State check box. To disable NAC
out-of-band support, leave the check box unselected, which is the default value.
h) Click Add to add this WLAN to the access point group. This WLAN appears in the list of WLANs assigned to this
access point group.
OL-27510-01
Note
Step 4
Step 5
If you ever want to remove this WLAN from the access point group, hover your cursor over the blue
drop-down arrow for the WLAN and choose Remove.
Step 1
Configure the quarantine VLAN for a dynamic interface by entering this command:
config interface quarantine vlan interface_name vlan_id
Note
You must configure a unique quarantine VLAN for each interface on the controller.
To disable the quarantine VLAN on an interface, enter 0 for the VLAN ID.
Step 2
Enable or disable NAC out-of-band support for a WLAN or guest LAN by entering this command:
config {wlan | guest-lan} nac {enable | disable} {wlan_id | guest_lan_id}
Step 3
Enable or disable NAC out-of-band support for a specific access point group by entering this command:
config wlan apgroup nac {enable | disable} group_name wlan_id
Step 4
Step 5
See the configuration of a WLAN or guest LAN, including the NAC state by entering this command:
show {wlan wlan_ id | guest-lan guest_lan_id}
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier..................................
Profile Name.....................................
Network Name (SSID)..............................
Status...........................................
MAC Filtering....................................
Broadcast SSID...................................
AAA Policy Override..............................
Network Admission Control
1
wlan
wlan
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
NAC-State...................................... Enabled
Quarantine VLAN............................. 110
...
Step 6
See the current state of the client (either Quarantine or Access) by entering this command:
387
Note
The client state appears as Invalid if the client is probing, has not yet associated to a WLAN, or cannot complete
Layer 2 authentication.
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
From the AP Multicast Mode drop-down list, chooseMulticast. The Multicast Group Address text box is displayed.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
In the Multicast Group Address text box, enter the IP address of the multicast group.
Click Apply.
Enable global multicast mode as follows:
a) Choose Controller > Multicast.
b) Select the Enable Global Multicast Mode check box.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
From the AP Multicast Mode drop-down list, choose Multicast. The Multicast Group Address text box is displayed.
Note
It is not possible to configure the AP multicast mode for Cisco Flex 7500 Series controllers because only unicast
is supported.
In the Multicast Group Address text box, enter the IP address of the multicast group.
Click Apply.
Enable global multicast mode as follows:
a) Choose Controller > Multicast.
389
Step 1
Step 2
Select the Enable Global Multicast Mode check box to enable the multicast mode. This step configures the controller
to use the multicast method to send multicast packets to a CAPWAP multicast group.
Note
It is not possible to configure Global Multicast Mode for Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controllers.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Select the Enable IGMP Snooping check box to enable the IGMP snooping. The default value is disabled.
In the IGMP Timeout text box to set the IGMP timeout, enter a value between 30 and 7200 seconds.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose WLANs > WLANs > WLAN ID to open the WLANs > Edit page. By default, the General tab is displayed.
Choose the Advanced tab.
Select the Passive Client check box to enable the passive client feature.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 2
Configure the controller to use multicast to send multicast to an access point by entering this command:
config network multicast mode multicast multicast_group_IP_address
Step 3
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Step 5
Step 6
Display the passive client information on a particular WLAN by entering this command:
show wlan 2
Step 7
Verify if the passive client is associated correctly with the AP and if the passive client has moved into the DHCP required
state at the controller by entering this command:
debug client mac_address
Step 8
Step 9
Check if the client moves into the run state, when a wired client tries to contact the client by entering this command:
debug client mac_address
Step 10
Configure and check if the ARP request is forwarded from the wired side to the wireless side by entering this command:
debug arp all enable
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Note
Use the all parameter to configure client profiling based on both DHCP and HTTP.
To see the status of client profiling on a WLAN, enter the following command:
show wlan wlan-id
To enable or disable debugging of client profiling, enter the following command:
debug profiling {enable | disable}
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When you enable the per-WLAN RADIUS source support, the controller sources all RADIUS traffic for a
particular WLAN by using the dynamic interface that is configured. Also, RADIUS attributes are modified
accordingly to match the identity. This feature virtualizes the controller on the per-WLAN RADIUS traffic,
where each WLAN can have a separate layer 3 identity. This feature is useful in deployments that integrate
with ACS Network Access Restrictions and Network Access Profiles.
You can combine per-WLAN RADIUS source support with the normal RADIUS traffic source and some
WLANs that use the management interface and others using the per-WLAN dynamic interface as the address
source.
Enter the config wlan disable wlan-id command to disable the WLAN.
Step 2
Enter the following command to enable or disable the per-WLAN RADIUS source support:
config wlan radius_server overwrite-interface {enable | disable} wlan-id
Note
Step 3
When enabled, the controller uses the interface specified on the WLAN configuration as identity and source for
all RADIUS related traffic on that WLAN. When disabled, the controller uses the management interface as the
identity in the NAS-IP-Address attribute. If the RADIUS server is on a directly connected dynamic interface,
the RADIUS traffic will be sourced from that interface. Otherwise, the management IP address is used. In all
cases, the NAS-IP-Address attribute remains the management interface, unless the feature is enabled.
Enter the config wlan enable wlan-id command to enable the WLAN.
Note
You can filter requests on the RADIUS server side using CiscoSecure ACS. You can filter (accept or reject) a
request depending on the NAS-IP-Address attribute through a Network Access Restrictions rule. The filtering
to be used is the CLI/DNIS filtering.
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4
example
example
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Global Servers
Global Servers
Enabled
Disabled
Step 1
If you want to delete a Remote LAN, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that WLAN and
choose Remove, or select the check box to the left of the row, choose Remove Selected from the drop-down
list, and click Go. A message appears asking you to confirm your decision. If you proceed, the remote LAN is
removed from any access point group to which it is assigned and from the access points radio.
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Step 2
Create a new Remote-LAN by choosing Create New from the drop-down list and clicking Go. The WLANs > New
page appears.
From the Type drop-down list, choose Remote LAN to create a remote LAN.
In the Profile Name text box, enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters for the profile name to be assigned to this Remote
WLAN. The profile name must be unique.
From the WLAN ID drop-down list, choose the ID number for this WLAN.
Click Apply to commit your changes. The WLANs > Edit page appears.
Note
You can also open the WLANs > Edit page from the WLANs page by clicking the ID number of the WLAN
that you want to edit.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Use the parameters on the General, Security, and Advanced tabs to configure this remote LAN. See the sections in the
rest of this chapter for instructions on configuring specific features.
On the General tab, select the Status check box to enable this remote LAN. Be sure to leave it unselected until you have
finished making configuration changes to the remote LAN.
Note
You can also enable or disable remote LANs from the WLANs page by selecting the check boxes to the left of
the IDs that you want to enable or disable, choosing Enable Selected or Disable Selected from the drop-down
list, and clicking Go.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Note
Enable or disable local EAP with the controller as an authentication server, by entering this command:
config remote-lan local-auth enable profile-name remote-lan-id
If you are using an external AAA authentication server, use the following command:
config remote-lan radius_server auth {add | delete} remote-lan-id server id
config remote-lan radius_server auth {enable | disable} remote-lan-id
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CHAPTER
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399
You can use the controller to enable or disable DTLS data encryption for a specific access point or for
all access points.
The availability of data DTLS is as follows:
The Cisco 5500 Series Controller will be available with two licenses options: One that allows data
DTLS without any license requirements and another image that requires a license to use data DTLS.
See the Upgrading or Downgrading DTLS Images for Cisco 5500 Series Controllers section. The
images for the DTLS and licensed DTLS images are as follows:
Licensed DTLSAS_5500_LDPE_x_x_x_x.aes
Non licensed DTLSAS_5500_x_x_x_x.aes
Cisco 2500, Cisco WiSM2By default, these platforms do not contain DTLS. To turn on data
DTLS, you must install a license. These platforms have a single image with data DTLS turned off.
To use data DTLS you must have a license.
If your controller does not have a data DTLS license and if the access point associated with the controller
has DTLS enabled, the data path will be unencrypted.
Non-Russian customers using Cisco 5508 Series Controller do not need data DTLS license. However
all customers using WISM2 and Cisco 2500 Series Controllers must enable data DTLS.
Step 1
Step 2
The upgrade operation fails on the first attempt with a warning indicating that the upgrade to a licensed DTLS image is
irreversible.
Note
Do not reboot the controller after Step
1.
On a subsequent attempt, the license is applied and the image is successfully updated.
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Click the name of the access point for which you want to enable data encryption.
Choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
Select the Data Encryption check box to enable data encryption for this access point or unselect it to disable this feature.
The default value is unselected.
Note
Changing the data encryption mode requires the access points to rejoin the controller.
Step 5
Step 6
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
In images without a DTLS license, the config or show commands are not available.
To enable DTLS data encryption for access points on the controller using the controller CLI, follow these
steps:
Step 1
Enable or disable data encryption for all access points or a specific access point by entering this command:
config ap link-encryption {enable | disable} {all | Cisco_AP}
The default value is disabled.
Note
Changing the data encryption mode requires the access points to rejoin the controller.
Step 2
When prompted to confirm that you want to disconnect the access point(s) and attached client(s), enter Y.
Step 3
Step 4
See the encryption state of all access points or a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap link-encryption {all | Cisco_AP}
This command also shows authentication errors, which tracks the number of integrity check failures, and replay errors,
which tracks the number of times that the access point receives the same packet.
Step 5
If you experience any problems with DTLS data encryption, enter the debug dtls {all | event | trace | packet}
{enable | disable} command to debug all DTLS messages, events, traces, or packets.
401
9
Maria-1250
US - United States
802.11bg:-A
802.11a:-A
US - United States
802.11bg:-A
802.11a:-A
1
00:1f:ca:bd:bc:7c
DHCP
1.100.163.193
255.255.255.0
1485
Debugging CAPWAP
Use these commands to obtain CAPWAP debug information:
debug capwap events {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of CAPWAP events.
debug capwap errors {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of CAPWAP errors.
debug capwap detail {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of CAPWAP details.
debug capwap info {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of CAPWAP information.
debug capwap packet {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of CAPWAP packets.
debug capwap payload {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of CAPWAP payloads.
debug capwap hexdump {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of the CAPWAP
hexadecimal dump.
debug capwap dtls-keepalive {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of CAPWAP DTLS
data keepalive packets.
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Upgrade and downgrade paths from LWAPP to CAPWAP or from CAPWAP to LWAPP are supported.
An access point with an LWAPP image starts the discovery process in LWAPP. If it finds an LWAPP
controller, it starts the LWAPP discovery process to join the controller. If it does not find a LWAPP
controller, it starts the discovery in CAPWAP. If the number of times that the discovery process starts
with one discovery type (CAPWAP or LWAPP) exceeds the maximum discovery count and the access
point does not receive a discovery response, the discovery type changes to the other type. For example,
if the access point does not discover the controller in LWAPP, it starts the discovery process in CAPWAP.
If an access point is in the UP state and its IP address changes, the access point tears down the existing
CAPWAP tunnel and rejoins the controller.
To configure the IP addresses that the controller sends in its CAPWAP discovery responses, use the
config network ap-discovery nat-ip-only {enable | disable} command.
Access points must be discovered by a controller before they can become an active part of the network.
The lightweight access points support the following controller discovery processes:
Layer 3 CAPWAP or LWAPP discoveryThis feature can be enabled on different subnets from
the access point and uses IP addresses and UDP packets rather the MAC addresses used by Layer
2 discovery.
Locally stored controller IP address discoveryIf the access point was previously associated to a
controller, the IP addresses of the primary, secondary, and tertiary controllers are stored in the
access points nonvolatile memory. This process of storing controller IP addresses on an access
point for later deployment is called priming the access point.
DHCP server discoveryThis feature uses DHCP option 43 to provide controller IP addresses to
the access points. Cisco switches support a DHCP server option that is typically used for this
capability. For more information about DHCP option 43, see the Using DHCP Option 43 and
DHCP Option 60 section.
DNS discoveryThe access point can discover controllers through your domain name server
(DNS). You must configure your DNS to return controller IP addresses in response to
CISCO-LWAPP-CONTROLLER.localdomain or CISCO-CAPWAP-CONTROLLER.localdomain,
where localdomain is the access point domain name. When an access point receives an IP address
and DNS information from a DHCP server, it contacts the DNS to resolve
CISCO-LWAPP-CONTROLLER.localdomain or CISCO-CAPWAP-CONTROLLER.localdomain.
When the DNS sends a list of controller IP addresses, the access point sends discovery requests
to the controllers.
403
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
(Optional) Flush the ARP and MAC address tables within the network infrastructure.
Restart the access points.
Once all the access points have joined the new controller, configure the controller not to be a master controller by
unselecting the Master Controller Mode check box on the Master Controller Configuration page.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
(Optional) Flush the ARP and MAC address tables within the network infrastructure.
Restart the access points.
Configure the controller not to be a master controller after all the access points have joined the new controller by entering
this command:
config network master-base disable
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Choose Monitor > Access Point Summary> All APs > Details to open the All APs page.
This page lists all of the access points joined to the controller. For each access point, you can see its name, MAC address,
uptime, status, operating mode, certificates, OfficeExtend access point status, and access point submode.
The total number of access points appears in the upper right-hand corner of the page. If the list of access points spans
multiple pages, you can access these pages by clicking the page number links. Each page shows up to 20 access points.
Step 2
Step 3
Select one or more of the following check boxes to specify the criteria used when displaying access points:
MAC AddressThe MAC address of an access point.
Note
When you enable the MAC Address filter, the other filters are disabled automatically. When you enable
any of the other filters, the MAC Address filter is disabled automatically.
The 600 OEAP series access point uses only local mode.
When an access point in local mode connects to a Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controller, it does not
serve clients. The access point details are available in the controller. To enable an access point to
serve clients or perform monitoring-related tasks when connected to the Cisco Flex 7500 Series
Controller, the access point mode must be in FlexConnect or monitor mode. Use the following
command to automatically convert access points to a FlexConnect mode or monitor mode on joining
the controller:
config ap autoconvert {flexconnect | monitor | disable}
All access points that connect to the controller will either be converted to FlexConnect mode or
monitor mode depending on the configuration provided.
405
FlexConnectThis mode is used for 1040, 1130, 1140, 1240, 1250, 1260, 1600, 2600, 3500, 3600, and 800
access points.
REAPThis mode is the remote edge lightweight access point.
MonitorThis mode is the monitor-only mode.
Rogue DetectorThis mode monitors the rogue APs on wire. It does not transmit or receive frames over
the air or contain rogue APs.
Note
Information about rogues that are detected is not shared between controllers. Therefore, we recommend
that every controller has its own connected rogue detector AP when rogue detector APs are used.
SnifferThe access point starts sniffing the air on a given channel. It captures and forwards all the packets
from the clients on that channel to a remote machine that runs Airopeek or Wireshark (packet analyzers for
IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs). It includes information on the time stamp, signal strength, packet size, and so
on.
Note
Note
If the AP mode is set to Bridge and the AP is not REAP capable, an error appears.
BridgeThis mode sets the AP mode to Bridge if you are connecting a Root AP.
SE-ConnectThis mode allows you to connect to spectrum expert and it allows the access point to perform
spectrum intelligence.
Note
The AP3500 and the AP3600 support the spectrum intelligence and AP1260 does not support the
spectrum intelligence.
Note
When an access point is configured in SE-Connect mode, the access point reboots and rejoins the
controller. Access points that are configured in this mode do not serve the client.
Certificate TypeSelect one or more of the following check boxes to specify the types of certificates installed
on the access points:
MICManufactured-installed certificate
SSCSelf-signed certificate
LSCLocal significant certificate
Note
See the Authorizing Access Points section for more information about these certificate
types.
Primary S/W VersionSelect this check box to enter the primary software version number
Backup S/W VersionSelect this check box to enter the secondary software version number.
Step 4
Click Apply.
Only the access points that match your search criteria appear on the All APs page, and the Current Filter parameter at
the top of the page specifies the filter used to generate the list (for example, MAC Address:00:1d:e5:54:0e:e6, AP
Name:pmsk-ap, Operational Status: UP, Status: Enabled, and so on).
Note
If you want to remove the filters and display the entire access point list, click Clear
Filter.
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Choose Monitor > Summary > All APs. The All APs > Details page appears.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Click on the available Interface name. The Interface Details page appears.
The Interface Details page displays the following parameter details.
Table 20: Interfaces Parameters Details
Button
Description
AP Name
Link Speed
RX Bytes
RX Unicast Packets
RX Non-Unicast Packets Total number of nonunicast or multicast packets received on the interface.
Input CRC
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Button
Description
Input Errors
Input Overrun
Number of times the receiver hardware was incapable of handling received data to a hardware
buffer because the input rate exceeded the receivers capability to handle that data.
Input Resource
Runts
Number of packets that are discarded because they are similar to the mediums minimum
packet size.
Throttle
Total number of times the interface advised a sending NIC that it was overwhelmed by
packets being sent and to slow the pace of delivery.
Output Collision
Output Resource
Output Errors
Errors that prevented the final transmission of packets out of the interface.
Operational Status
Duplex
TX Bytes
TX Unicast Packets
TX Non-Unicast Packets Total number of nonunicast or multicast packets transmitted on the interface.
Input Aborts
Input Frames
Total number of packets received incorrectly that has a CRC error and a noninteger number
of octets on the interface.
Input Drops
Total number of packets dropped while receiving on the interface because the queue was
full.
Unknown Protocol
Giants
Number of packets that are discarded because they exceeded the mediums maximum packet
size.
Interface Resets
Output No Buffer
Output Underrun
Number of times the transmitter has been running faster than the router can handle.
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Button
Description
Total number of packets dropped while transmitting from the interface because the queue
was full.
In a Cisco Unified Wireless Network environment, the 802.11a/n and 802.11b/g/n radios should not be
differentiated based on their Base Radio MAC addresses, as they may have the same addresses. Instead,
the radios should be differentiated based on their physical addresses.
Step 2
Step 3
Select one of the following check boxes to specify the criteria used when displaying access point radios:
MAC AddressBase radio MAC address of an access point radio.
409
When you enable the MAC address filter, the other filters are disabled automatically. When you enable
any of the other filters, the MAC address filter is disabled automatically.
CleanAir StatusSelect one or more of the following check boxes to specify the operating status of the access
points:
UPThe spectrum sensor for the access point radio is currently operational.
DOWNThe spectrum sensor for the access point radio is currently not operational because an error has
occurred. The most likely reason for the error is that the access point radio is disabled.
ERRORThe spectrum sensor for the access point radio has crashed, making CleanAir monitoring
nonoperational for this radio. We recommend rebooting the access point or disabling CleanAir functionality
on the radio.
N/AThe access point radio is not capable of supporting CleanAir functionality. Currently, only Cisco
Aironet 3500 series access point radios can be configured for Cisco CleanAir.
Step 4
Click Find to commit your changes. Only the access point radios that match your search criteria appear on the 802.11a/n
Radios page or the 802.11b/g/n Radios page, and the Current Filter parameter at the top of the page specifies the filter
used to generate the list (for example, MAC Address:00:1e:f7:75:0a:a0 or AP Name:pmsk-ap).
Note
If you want to remove the filter and display the entire access point radio list, click Clear
Filter.
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The global credentials that you configure on the controller are retained across controller and access point
reboots. They are overwritten only if the access point joins a new controller that is configured with a
global username and password. If the new controller is not configured with global credentials, the access
point retains the global username and password configured for the first controller.
You must keep track of the credentials used by the access points. Otherwise, you might not be able to
log onto the console port of the access point. If you need to return the access points to the default
Cisco/Cisco username and password, you must clear the controllers configuration and the access points
configuration to return them to factory-default settings. To clear the controllers configuration, choose
Commands > Reset to Factory Default > Reset on the controller GUI, or enter the clear config
command on the controller CLI. To clear the access points configuration, enter the clear ap config
Cisco_AP command on the controller CLI. Entering the command does not clear the static IP address
of the access point. After the access point rejoins a controller, it adopts the default Cisco/Cisco username
and password.
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
In the Username text box, enter the username that is to be inherited by all access points that join the controller.
In the Password text box, enter the password that is to be inherited by all access points that join the controller.
You can set a global username, password, and enable password that all access points inherit as they join the controller
including access points that are currently joined to the controller and any that join in the future. You can override the
global credentials and assign a unique username, password, and enable password for a specific access point. The following
are requirements enforced on the password:
The password should contain characters from at least three of the following classes: lowercase letters, uppercase
letters, digits, and special characters.
No character in the password can be repeated more than three times consecutively.
The password should not contain the management username or the reverse of the username.
The password should not contain words like Cisco, oscic, admin, nimda or any variant obtained by changing the
capitalization of letters by substituting 1, |, or ! or substituting 0 for o or substituting $ for s.
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Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
In the Enable Password text box, enter the enable password that is to be inherited by all access points that join the
controller.
Click Apply to send the global username, password, and enable password to all access points that are currently joined
to the controller or that join the controller in the future.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
(Optional) Override the global credentials for a specific access point and assign a unique username, password, and enable
password to this access point as follows:
a) Choose Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
b) Click the name of the access point for which you want to override the global credentials.
c) Choose the Credentials tab. The All APs > Details for (Credentials) page appears.
d) Select the Over-ride Global Credentials check box to prevent this access point from inheriting the global username,
password, and enable password from the controller. The default value is unselected.
e) In the Username, Password, and Enable Password text boxes, enter the unique username, password, and enable
password that you want to assign to this access point.
Note
The information that you enter is retained across controller and access point reboots and if the access point
joins a new controller.
f) Click Apply to commit your changes.
g) Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Note
If you want to force this access point to use the controllers global credentials, unselect the Over-ride Global
Credentials check box.
Configure the global username, password, and enable password for all access points currently joined to the controller as
well as any access points that join the controller in the future by entering this command:
config ap mgmtuser add username user password password enablesecret enable_password all
Step 2
(Optional) Override the global credentials for a specific access point and assign a unique username, password, and enable
password to this access point by entering this command:
config ap mgmtuser add username user password password enablesecret enable_password Cisco_AP
The credentials that you enter in this command are retained across controller and access point reboots and if the access
point joins a new controller.
Note
If you want to force this access point to use the controllers global credentials, enter the config ap mgmtuser
delete Cisco_AP command. The following message appears after you execute this command: AP reverted to
global username configuration.
Step 3
Step 4
Verify that global credentials are configured for all access points that join the controller by entering this command:
show ap summary
Note
If global credentials are not configured, the Global AP User Name text box shows Not Configured.
To view summary of specific access point you can specify the access point name. You can also use wildcard searches
when filtering for access points.
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Step 5
See the global credentials configuration for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
Note
The name of the access point is case
sensitive.
Note
If this access point is configured for global credentials, the AP User Mode text boxes shows Automatic. If the
global credentials have been overwritten for this access point, the AP User Mode text box shows Customized.
Note
If you choose to follow this suggested flow and enable 802.1X authentication on the switch port after the
access point has joined the controller and received the configured 802.1X credentials, you do not need to
enter this command.
This command is available only for access points that are running the 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, or 7.0 recovery
image.
Connect the access point to the switch port.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Install the 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, or 7.0 image on the controller and reboot the controller.
Allow all access points to join the controller.
Configure authentication on the controller. See the Configuring Authentication for Access Points (GUI) section or the
Configuring Authentication for Access Points (CLI) section for information about configuring authentication on the
controller.
Configure the switch to allow authentication. See the Configuring the Switch for Authentication section for information
about configuring the switch for authentication.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
Under 802.1x Supplicant Credentials, select the 802.1x Authentication check box.
In the Username text box, enter the username that is to be inherited by all access points that join the controller.
In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter the password that is to be inherited by all access points that
join the controller.
Note
You must enter a strong password in these text boxes. Strong passwords have the following characteristics:
They are at least eight characters long
They contain a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols
They are not a word in any language
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Click Apply to send the global authentication username and password to all access points that are currently joined to
the controller and to any that join the controller in the future.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
If desired, you can choose to override the global authentication settings and assign a unique username and password to
a specific access point as follows:
a) Choose Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
b) Click the name of the access point for which you want to override the authentication settings.
c) Click the Credentials tab to open the All APs > Details for (Credentials) page.
d) Under 802.1x Supplicant Credentials, select the Over-ride Global Credentials check box to prevent this access
point from inheriting the global authentication username and password from the controller. The default value is
unselected.
e) In the Username, Password, and Confirm Password text boxes, enter the unique username and password that you
want to assign to this access point.
Note
The information that you enter is retained across controller and access point reboots and whenever the access
point joins a new controller.
f) Click Apply to commit your changes.
g) Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
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Note
If you want to force this access point to use the controllers global authentication settings, unselect the
Over-ride Global Credentials check box.
Step 1
Configure the global authentication username and password for all access points currently joined to the controller as
well as any access points that join the controller in the future by entering this command:
config ap 802.1Xuser add username ap-username password ap-password all
Note
You must enter a strong password for the ap-password parameter. Strong passwords have the following
characteristics:
They are at least eight characters long.
They contain a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
They are not a word in any language.
Step 2
(Optional) Override the global authentication settings and assign a unique username and password to a specific access
point. To do so, enter this command:
config ap 802.1Xuser add username ap-username password ap-password Cisco_AP
Note
You must enter a strong password for the ap-password parameter. See the note in Step 1 for the characteristics
of strong passwords.
The authentication settings that you enter in this command are retained across controller and access point reboots and
whenever the access point joins a new controller.
Note
If you want to force this access point to use the controllers global authentication settings, enter the config ap
802.1Xuser delete Cisco_AP command. The following message appears after you execute this command: AP
reverted to global username configuration.
Step 3
Step 4
(Optional) Disable 802.1X authentication for all access points or for a specific access point by entering this command:
config ap 802.1Xuser disable {all | Cisco_AP}
Note
Step 5
You can disable 802.1X authentication for a specific access point only if global 802.1X authentication is not
enabled. If global 802.1X authentication is enabled, you can disable 802.1X for all access points only.
See the authentication settings for all access points that join the controller by entering this command:
show ap summary
Information similar to the following appears:
Number of APs.................................... 1
Global AP User Name.............................. globalap
Global AP Dot1x User Name........................ globalDot1x
Step 6
See the authentication settings for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
415
Note
Note
If this access point is configured for global authentication, the AP Dot1x User Mode text boxes shows Automatic.
If the global authentication settings have been overwritten for this access point, the AP Dot1x User Mode text
box shows Customized.
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Note
In Release 7.4, all AP modes except bridging (required for mesh) are supported for both
AP801 and AP802. In Release 7.5 and later, all AP modes are supported on AP802;
however, bridging is not supported on AP801.
When you want to use the AP801 or AP802 with a controller, you must enable the recovery image for
the unified mode on the access point by entering the service-module wlan-ap 0 bootimage unified
command on the router in privileged EXEC mode.
If the service-module wlan-ap 0 bootimage unified command does not work, make sure that the
software license is still eligible.
After enabling the recovery image, enter the service-module wlan-ap 0 reload command on the router
to shut down and reboot the access point. After the access point reboots, it discovers the controller,
downloads the full CAPWAP or LWAPP software release from the controller, and acts as a lightweight
access point.
Note
To use the CLI commands mentioned above, the router must be running Cisco IOS
Release 12.4(20)T or later releases.
To support CAPWAP or LWAPP, the router must be activated with at least the Cisco Advanced IP
Services IOS license-grade image. A license is required to upgrade to this Cisco IOS image on the router.
For licensing information, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/sw_activation/SA_on_
ISR.html
After the AP801 or AP802 boots up with the recovery image for the unified mode, it requires an IP
address to communicate with the controller and to download its unified image and configuration from
the controller. The router can provide DHCP server functionality, the DHCP pool to reach the controller,
and setup option 43 for the controller IP address in the DHCP pool configuration. Use the following
configuration to perform this task:
ip dhcp pool pool_name
network ip_address subnet_mask
dns-server ip_address
default-router ip_address
option 43 hex controller_ip_address_in_hex
Example:
ip dhcp pool embedded-ap-pool
network 60.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
dns-server 171.70.168.183
default-router 60.0.0.1
option 43 hex f104.0a0a.0a0f
*/
The AP801 and AP802 802.11n radio supports lower power levels than the 802.11n radio in the Cisco
Aironet 1250 series access points. The AP801 and AP802 access points store the radio power levels and
passes them to the controller when the access point joins the controller. The controller uses the supplied
values to limit the users configuration.
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The AP801 and AP802 access points can be used in FlexConnect mode.
For more information about the AP801, see the documentation for the Cisco 800 Series ISRs at this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps380/tsd_products_support_series_home.html
For more information about the AP802, see the documentation for the Next generation Cisco 880 Series ISRs
at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/800/860-880-890/software/configuration/guide/
SCG_880_series.pdf
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to a controller, you can use the controller to load the Cisco IOS release. If the access point is not associated
to a controller, you can load the Cisco IOS release using TFTP. In either method, the access point must be
able to access a TFTP server that contains the Cisco IOS release to be loaded.
Step 1
Step 2
Log on to the CLI on the controller to which the access point is associated.
Revert from lightweight mode, by entering this command:
config ap tftp-downgrade tftp-server-ip-address filename access-point-name
Step 3
Wait until the access point reboots and reconfigure the access point using the CLI or GUI.
Reverting to a Previous Release Using the MODE Button and a TFTP Server
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Configure the PC on which your TFTP server software runs with a static IP address in the range of 10.0.0.2 to 10.0.0.30.
Make sure that the PC contains the access point image file (such as c1200-k9w7-tar.123-7.JA.tar for a 1200 series access
point) in the TFTP server folder and that the TFTP server is activated.
Rename the access point image file in the TFTP server folder to c1200-k9w7-tar.default for a 1200 series access point.
Step 7
Connect the PC to the access point using a Category 5 (CAT5) Ethernet cable.
Disconnect power from the access point.
Press and hold the MODE button while you reconnect power to the access point.
Note
The MODE button on the access point must be enabled. Follow the steps in the Disabling the Reset Button on
Access Points Converted to Lightweight Mode to select the status of the access point MODE button.
Hold the MODE button until the status LED turns red (approximately 20 to 30 seconds), and release the MODE button.
Step 8
Step 9
Wait until the access point reboots as indicated by all LEDs turning green followed by the Status LED blinking green.
After the access point reboots, reconfigure the access point using the GUI or the CLI.
419
Step 1
Choose Security > Certificate > SSC to open the Self Significant Certificates (SSC) page.
The SSC device certification details are displayed.
Step 2
Step 3
Select the Enable SSC Hash Validation check box to enable the validation of the hash key.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 1
Step 2
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Note
The lack of a strong password by the use of the access points MAC address should not be an issue because
the controller uses MIC to authenticate the access point prior to authorizing the access point through the
RADIUS server. Using MIC provides strong authentication.
Note
If you use the MAC address as the username and password for access point authentication on a RADIUS
AAA server, do not use the same AAA server for client authentication.
Note
When the CA server is in manual mode and if there is an AP entry in the LSC SCEP table that is pending
enrollment, the controller waits for the CA server to send a pending response. If there is no response from
the CA server, the controller retries a total of three times to get a response, after which the fallback mode
comes into effect where the AP provisioning times out and the AP reboots and comes up with MIC.
Note
LSC on controller does not take password challenge. Therefore, for LSC to work, you must disable
password challenge on the CA server. Also, you cannot use Microsoft Windows Server 2008 as a CA
server because it is not possible to disable password challenge on it.
421
Step 1
Choose Security > Certificate > LSC to open the Local Significant Certificates (LSC) - General page.
Step 2
Select the Enable LSC on Controller check box to enable the LSC on the system.
Step 3
Step 4
In the CA Server URL text box, enter the URL to the CA server. You can enter either a domain name or an IP address.
In the Params text boxes, enter the parameters for the device certificate. The key size is a value from 384 to 2048 (in
bits), and the default value is 2048.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 5
Step 6
To add the CA certificate into the controllers CA certificate database, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow
for the certificate type and choose Add.
Step 7
Choose the AP Provisioning tab to open the Local Significant Certificates (LSC) - AP Provisioning page.
Step 8
Select the Enable check box and click Update to provision the LSC on the access point.
Step 9
When a message appears indicating that the access points will be rebooted, click OK.
Step 10
In the Number of Attempts to LSC text box, enter the number of times that the access point attempts to join the controller
using an LSC before the access point reverts to the default certificate (MIC or SSC). The range is 0 to 255 (inclusive),
and the default value is 3.
Note
If you set the number of retries to a nonzero value and the access point fails to join the controller using an LSC
after the configured number of retries, the access point reverts to the default certificate. If you set the number
of retries to 0 and the access point fails to join the controller using an LSC, the access point does not attempt
to join the controller using the default certificate.
Note
Step 11
If you are configuring LSC for the first time, we recommend that you configure a nonzero
value.
Enter the access point MAC address in the AP Ethernet MAC Addresses text box and click Add to add access points to
the provision list.
Note
To remove an access point from the provision list, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the
access point and choose Remove.
Note
If you configure an access point provision list, only the access points in the provision list are provisioned when
you enable AP provisioning. If you do not configure an access point provision list, all access points with a MIC
or SSC certificate that join the controller are LSC provisioned.
Step 12
Step 13
Step 1
Step 2
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You can configure only one CA server. To configure a different CA server, delete the configured CA server
using the config certificate lsc ca-server delete command, and then configure a different CA server.
Step 3
Add the LSC CA certificate into the controllers CA certificate database by entering this command:
config certificate lsc ca-cert {add | delete}
Step 4
Configure the parameters for the device certificate by entering this command:
config certificate lsc subject-params country state city orgn dept e-mail
The common name (CN) is generated automatically on the access point using the current MIC/SSC format
Cxxxx-MacAddr, where xxxx is the product number.
Configure a key size by entering this command:
config certificate lsc other-params keysize
Note
Step 5
The keysize is a value from 384 to 2048 (in bits), and the default value is 2048.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
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State............................................
City.............................................
Orgn.............................................
Dept.............................................
Email............................................
KeySize..........................................
ca
ss
org
dep
dep@co.com
390
LSC Certs:
CA Cert.......................................... Not Configured
RA Cert....................................... Not Configured
Step 10
See details about the access points that are provisioned using LSC by entering this command:
show certificate lsc ap-provision
Information similar to the following appears:
LSC AP-Provisioning........................... Yes
Provision-List................................ Present
Idx Mac Address
--- -----------1 00:18:74:c7:c0:90
Step 1
Choose Security > AAA > AP Policies to open the AP Policies page.
Step 2
If you want the access point to accept self-signed certificates (SSCs), manufactured-installed certificates (MICs), or local
significant certificates (LSCs), select the appropriate check box.
If you want the access points to be authorized using a AAA RADIUS server, select the Authorize MIC APs against
auth-list or AAA check box.
If you want the access points to be authorized using an LSC, select the Authorize LSC APs against auth-list check
box.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Follow these steps to add an access point to the controllers authorization list:
a) Click Add to access the Add AP to Authorization List area.
b) In the MAC Address text box, enter the MAC address of the access point.
c) From the Certificate Type drop-down list, choose MIC, SSC, or LSC.
d) Click Add. The access point appears in the access point authorization list.
Note
To remove an access point from the authorization list, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for
the access point and choose Remove.
Note
To search for a specific access point in the authorization list, enter the MAC address of the access point in
the Search by MAC text box and click Search.
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Note
To delete an access point from the authorization list, enter this command: config auth-list delete ap_mac.
See the access point authorization list by entering this command:
show auth-list
Configuring VLAN Tagging for CAPWAP Frames from Access Points (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Click the AP name from the list of AP names to open the Details page for the AP.
Click the Advanced tab.
In the VLAN Tagging area, select the VLAN Tagging check box.
In the Trunk VLAN ID text box, enter an ID.
If the access point is unable to route traffic through the specified trunk VLAN after about 10 minutes, the access point
performs a recovery procedure by rebooting and sending CAPWAP frames in untagged mode to try and reassociate with
425
the controller. The controller sends a trap to a trap server such as the Cisco Prime Infrastructure, which indicates the
failure of the trunk VLAN.
If the access point is unable to route traffic through the specified trunk VLAN, it untags the packets and reassociates
with the controller. The controller sends a trap to a trap server such as the Cisco Prime Infrastructure, which indicates
the failure of the trunk VLAN.
If the trunk VLAN ID is 0, the access point untags the CAPWAP frames.
The VLAN Tag status is displayed showing whether the AP tags or untags the CAPWAP frames.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Click Apply.
You are prompted with a warning message saying that the configuration will result in a reboot of the access point. Click
OK to continue.
Click Save Configuration.
What to Do Next
After the configuration, the switch or other equipment connected to the Ethernet interface of the AP must also
be configured to support tagged Ethernet frames.
Configuring VLAN Tagging for CAPWAP Frames from Access Points (CLI)
Step 1
Configure VLAN tagging for CAPWAP frames from access points by entering this command:
config ap ethernet tag {disable | id vlan-id} {ap-name | all}
Step 2
You can see VLAN tagging information for an AP or all APs by entering this command:
show ap ethernet tag {summary | ap-name}
Access Point
VCI String
Cisco AP c1040
Cisco AP c1130
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Access Point
VCI String
Cisco AP c1140
Cisco AP c1240
Cisco AP c1250
Cisco AP c1260
Cisco AP c1520
Cisco AP c1550
Cisco AP c3600
Cisco AP c3500
Cisco AP801
Cisco AP802
Note
The controller IP address that you obtain from the DHCP server should be a unicast IP address. Do not
configure the controller IP address as a multicast address when configuring DHCP Option 43.
427
Controller software release 5.2 or later releases enable you to configure the access points to send all
CAPWAP-related errors to a syslog server. You do not need to enable any debug commands on the controller
because all of the CAPWAP error messages can be viewed from the syslog server itself.
The state of the access point is not maintained on the controller until it receives a CAPWAP join request from
the access point, so it can be difficult to determine why the CAPWAP discovery request from a certain access
point was rejected. In order to troubleshoot such joining issues without enabling CAPWAP debug commands
on the controller, the controller collects information for all access points that send a discovery message to this
controller and maintains information for any access points that have successfully joined this controller.
The controller collects all join-related information for each access point that sends a CAPWAP discovery
request to the controller. Collection begins with the first discovery message received from the access point
and ends with the last configuration payload sent from the controller to the access point.
You can view join-related information for the following numbers of access points:
When the controller is maintaining join-related information for the maximum number of access points, it does
not collect information for any more access points.
If any of these conditions are met and the access point has not yet joined a controller, you can also configure
a DHCP server to return a syslog server IP address to the access point using option 7 on the server. The access
point then starts sending all syslog messages to this IP address.
You can also configure the syslog server IP address through the access point CLI, provided the access point
is currently not connected to the controller by entering the lwapp ap log-server syslog_server_IP_address
command.
When the access point joins a controller for the first time, the controller pushes the global syslog server IP
address (the default is 255.255.255.255) to the access point. After that, the access point sends all syslog
messages to this IP address, until it is overridden by one of the following scenarios:
The access point is still connected to the same controller, and the global syslog server IP address
configuration on the controller has been changed using the config ap syslog host global
syslog_server_IP_address command. In this case, the controller pushes the new global syslog server IP
address to the access point.
The access point is still connected to the same controller, and a specific syslog server IP address has
been configured for the access point on the controller using the config ap syslog host specific Cisco_AP
syslog_server_IP_address command. In this case, the controller pushes the new specific syslog server
IP address to the access point.
The access point gets disconnected from the controller, and the syslog server IP address has been
configured from the access point CLI using the lwapp ap log-server syslog_server_IP_address command.
This command works only if the access point is not connected to any controller.
The access point gets disconnected from the controller and joins another controller. In this case, the new
controller pushes its global syslog server IP address to the access point.
Whenever a new syslog server IP address overrides the existing syslog server IP address, the old address is
erased from persistent storage, and the new address is stored in its place. The access point also starts sending
all syslog messages to the new IP address, provided the access point can reach the syslog server IP address.
You can configure the syslog server for access points using the controller GUI and view the access point join
information using the controller GUI or CLI.
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Step 1
By default, the global syslog server IP address for all access points is 255.255.255.255. Make sure that
the access points can reach the subnet on which the syslog server resides before configuring the syslog
server on the controller. If the access points cannot reach this subnet, the access points are unable to send
out syslog messages.
To configure a syslog server for a specific access point, enter this command:
config ap syslog host specific Cisco_AP syslog_server_IP_address
Note
By default, the syslog server IP address for each access point is 0.0.0.0, which indicates that the access
point is not yet set. When the default value is used, the global access point syslog server IP address is
pushed to the access point.
Step 2
Step 3
See the global syslog server settings for all access points that join the controller by entering this command:
show ap config global
Information similar to the following appears:
AP global system logging host.................... 255.255.255.255
Step 4
See the syslog server settings for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
Step 1
Choose Monitor > Statistics > AP Join to open the AP Join Stats page.
This page lists all of the access points that are joined to the controller or that have tried to join. It shows the radio MAC
address, access point name, current join status, Ethernet MAC address, IP address, and last join time for each access
point.
429
The total number of access points appears in the upper right-hand corner of the page. If the list of access points spans
multiple pages, you can view these pages by clicking the page number links. Each page shows the join statistics for up
to 25 access points.
Note
Note
Step 2
If you want to remove an access point from the list, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that
access point and click Remove.
If you want to clear the statistics for all access points and start over, click Clear Stats on All
APs.
If you want to search for specific access points in the list of access points on the AP Join Stats page, follow these steps
to create a filter to display only access points that meet certain criteria (such as MAC address or access point name).
Note
This feature is especially useful if your list of access points spans multiple pages, preventing you from viewing
them all at once.
a) Click Change Filter to open the Search AP dialog box.
b) Select one of the following check boxes to specify the criteria used when displaying access points:
MAC AddressEnter the base radio MAC address of an access point.
AP NameEnter the name of an access point.
Note
When you enable one of these filters, the other filter is disabled
automatically.
c) Click Find to commit your changes. Only the access points that match your search criteria appear on the AP Join
Stats page, and the Current Filter parameter at the top of the page specifies the filter used to generate the list (for
example, MAC Address:00:1e:f7:75:0a:a0 or AP Name:pmsk-ap).
Note
If you want to remove the filter and display the entire access point list, click Clear
Filter.
Step 3
To see detailed join statistics for a specific access point, click the radio MAC address of the access point. The AP Join
Stats Detail page appears.
This page provides information from the controllers perspective on each phase of the join process and shows any errors
that have occurred.
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Note
To obtain the MAC address of the 802.11 radio interface, enter the show interfaces
Dot11Radio 0 command on the access point.
Information similar to the following appears:
Is the AP currently connected to controller................ Yes
Time at which the AP joined this controller last time...... Aug 21
12:50:36.061
Type of error that occurred last........................... AP got or has
been disconnected
Reason for error that occurred last........................ The AP has
been reset by the controller
Time at which the last join error occurred.............. Aug 21
12:50:34.374
See all join-related statistics collected for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap join stats detailed ap_mac
Information similar to the following appears:
Discovery phase statistics
- Discovery requests received..............................
- Successful discovery responses sent......................
- Unsuccessful discovery request processing................
- Reason for last unsuccessful discovery attempt...........
- Time at last successful discovery attempt................
- Time at last unsuccessful discovery attempt..............
Join phase statistics
- Join requests received...................................
- Successful join responses sent...........................
- Unsuccessful join request processing.....................
- Reason for last unsuccessful join attempt................
is pending for the AP
- Time at last successful join attempt.....................
- Time at last unsuccessful join attempt...................
Configuration phase statistics
- Configuration requests received..........................
- Successful configuration responses sent..................
- Unsuccessful configuration request processing............
- Reason for last unsuccessful configuration attempt.......
- Time at last successful configuration attempt............
- Time at last unsuccessful configuration attempt..........
2
2
0
Not applicable
Aug 21 12:50:23.335
Not applicable
1
1
1
RADIUS authorization
Aug 21 12:50:34.481
Aug 21 12:50:34.374
1
1
0
Not applicable
Aug 21 12:50:34.374
Not applicable
Clear the join statistics for all access points or for a specific access point by entering this command:
clear ap join stats {all | ap_mac}
431
Understanding How Converted Access Points Send Radio Core Dumps to the
Controller
When a radio module in a converted access point generates a core dump, the access point stores the core dump
file of the radio on its local flash memory at the time of the radio crash. It sends a notification message to the
controller indicating which radio generated a core dump file. The controller sends a trap that alerts you so
that you can retrieve the radio core file from the access point.
The retrieved core file is stored in the controller flash and can be uploaded through TFTP or FTP to an external
server for analysis. The core file is removed from the access point flash memory when the controller pulls it
from the access point.
Step 1
Transfer the radio core dump file from the access point to the controller by entering this command:
config ap crash-file get-radio-core-dump slot Cisco_AP
For the slot parameter, enter the slot ID of the radio that crashed.
Step 2
Verify that the file was downloaded to the controller by entering this command:
show ap crash-file
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Step 1
Choose Commands > Upload File to open the Upload File from Controller page.
Step 2
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Radio Core Dump.
Step 3
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the radio core dump file.
Note
The filename that you enter should match the filename generated on the controller. You can determine the
filename on the controller by entering the show ap crash-file command.
Step 7
Step 8
Click Upload to upload the radio core dump file from the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the
upload.
Step 1
Transfer the file from the controller to a server by entering these commands:
transfer upload mode {tftp | ftp}
transfer upload datatype radio-core-dump
transfer upload serverip server_ip_address
transfer upload path server_path_to_file
transfer upload filename filename
Note
Note
The filename that you enter should match the filename generated on the controller. You can determine the
filename on the controller by entering the show ap crash-file command.
Ensure that the filename and server_path_to_file do not contain these special characters: \, :, *, ?, ", <, >,
and |. You can use only / (forward slash) as the path separator. If you use the disallowed special characters
in the filename, then the special characters are replaced with _ (underscores); and if you use the disallowed
special characters in the server_path_to_file, then the path is set to the root path.
433
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
When prompted to confirm the current settings and start the software upload, answer y.
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs > access point name > and choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs
> Details for (Advanced) page.
Select the AP Core Dump check box to upload a core dump of the access point.
Step 3
Step 4
In the TFTP Server IP text box, enter the IP address of the TFTP server.
Step 6
In the File Name text box, enter a name of the access point core dump file (such as dump.log).
Select the File Compression check box to compress the access point core dump file. When you enable this option, the
file is saved with a .gz extension (such as dump.log.gz). This file can be opened with WinZip.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 7
Step 5
Step 1
Upload a core dump of the access point by entering this command on the controller:
config ap core-dump enable tftp_server_ip_address filename {compress | uncompress} {ap_name | all}
where
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tftp_server_ip_address is the IP address of the TFTP server to which the access point sends core dump files.
Note
filename is the name that the access points uses to label the core file.
compress configures the access point to send compressed core files whereas uncompress configures the access
point to send uncompressed core files.
Note
When you choose compress, the file is saved with a .gz extension (for example, dump.log.gz). This file
can be opened with WinZip.
ap_name is the name of a specific access point for which core dumps are uploaded and all is all access points
converted to lightweight mode.
Step 2
Step 1
Verify that the crash file was downloaded to the controller by entering this command:
show ap crash-file
Information similar to the following appears:
Local Core Files:
lrad_AP1130.rdump0 (156)
The number in parentheses indicates the size of the file. The size should be greater than zero if a
core dump file is available.
Step 2
See the contents of the AP crash log file by entering this command:
show ap crash-file Cisoc_AP
435
Note
If you configure an access point to use a static IP address that is not on the same subnet on which the
access points previous DHCP address was, the access point falls back to a DHCP address after the access
point reboots. If the access point falls back to a DHCP address, enter the show ap config general Cisco_AP
CLI command to show that the access point is using a fallback IP address. However, the GUI shows both
the static IP address and the DHCP address, but it does not identify the DHCP address as a fallback address.
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Click the name of the access point for which you want to configure a static IP address. The All APs > Details for (General)
page appears.
Under IP Config, select the Static IP check box if you want to assign a static IP address to this access point. The default
value is unselected.
Enter the static IP address, netmask, and default gateway in the corresponding text boxes.
Click Apply to commit your changes. The access point reboots and rejoins the controller, and the static IP address that
you specified in Step 4 is sent to the access point.
After the static IP address has been sent to the access point, you can configure the DNS server IP address and domain
name as follows:
a) In the DNS IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the DNS server.
b) In the Domain Name text box, enter the name of the domain to which the access point belongs.
c) Click Apply to commit your changes.
d) Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 1
To disable static IP for the access point, enter the config ap static-ip disable Cisco_AP command.
Step 2
Step 3
After the static IP address has been sent to the access point, you can configure the DNS server IP address and domain
name as follows:
a) To specify a DNS server so that a specific access point or all access points can discover the controller using DNS
resolution, enter this command:
config ap static-ip add nameserver {Cisco_AP | all} ip_address
To delete a DNS server for a specific access point or all access points, enter the config ap static-ip delete
nameserver {Cisco_AP | all} command.
b) To specify the domain to which a specific access point or all access points belong, enter this command:
config ap static-ip add domain {Cisco_AP | all} domain_name
Note
Note
To delete a domain for a specific access point or all access points, enter this command: config ap static-ip
delete domain {Cisco_AP | all}.
437
See the IP address configuration for the access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
Information similar to the following appears:
Cisco AP Identifier.............................. 4
Cisco AP Name................................. AP6
...
IP Address Configuration......................... Static IP assigned
IP Address....................................... 10.10.10.118
IP NetMask....................................... 255.255.255.0
Gateway IP Addr............................... 10.10.10.1
Domain........................................... Domain1
Name Server................................... 10.10.10.205
...
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Download the required recovery image from Cisco.com (c1100-rcvk9w8-mx, c1200-rcvk9w8-mx, or c1310-rcvk9w8-mx)
and install it in the root directory of your TFTP server.
Connect the TFTP server to the same subnet as the target access point and power-cycle the access point. The access point
boots from the TFTP image and then joins the controller to download the oversized access point image and complete
the upgrade procedure.
After the access point has been recovered, you may remove the TFTP server.
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Step 2
Step 3
Configure the buffer size for packet capture by entering this command:
config ap packet-dump buffer-size size-in-kb
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
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Note
DTLS is permanently enabled on the Cisco OEAP. You cannot disable DTLS on this access point.
Note
Cisco OEAPs are designed to work behind a router or other gateway device that is using network address
translation (NAT). NAT allows a device, such as a router, to act as an agent between the Internet (public)
and a personal network (private), enabling an entire group of computers to be represented by a single IP
address. There is no limit to the number of Cisco OEAPs that you can deploy behind a NAT device.
Roaming is not supported for the Cisco 600 OEAP model.
Currently, Cisco 1040, 1130, 1140, 2602I, 3502I, and 3600 series access points that are associated with a
controller can be configured to operate as Cisco OEAPs.
441
and it requires configuration through the WLAN controller in local mode. This section describes the
configurations necessary for proper connection and supported feature sets.
Note
The CAPWAP UDP 5246 and 5247 ports must be open on the firewall between the WLAN controller
and the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point.
Note
Note
Monitor mode, flexconnect mode, sniffer mode, rogue detector, bridge, and SE-Connect are not supported
on the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point and are not configurable.
Figure 36: OEAP Mode
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If the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point is in the default group, which means that it is not in a defined
AP group, the WLAN/remote LAN IDs must be set lower than ID 8.
If additional WLANs or remote LANs are created with the intent of changing the WLANs or remote LAN
being used by the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point, you must disable the current WLANs or remote
LAN that you are removing before enabling the new WLANs or remote LAN on the 600 Series OfficeExtend
Access Point. If there are more than one remote LANs enabled for an AP group, disable all remote LANs and
then enable only one of them.
If more than three WLANs are enabled for an AP group, disable all WLANs and then enable only three of
them.
WLAN Security Settings for the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point
When configuring the security settings in the WLAN (see the following figure), note that there are specific
elements that are not supported on the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point. CCX is not supported on the
600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point, and elements related to CCX are not supported.
For Layer 2 Security, the following options are supported for the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point:
None
WPA+WPA2
Static WEP
802.1X (only for remote LANs)
Figure 37: WLAN Layer 2 Security Settings
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In the Security tab (see the following figure), do not select CCKM in WPA+WPA2 settings. Select only
802.1X or PSK.
Figure 38: WLAN Security Settings - Auth Key Management
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Security encryption settings must be identical for WPA and WPA2 for TKIP and AES. The following are
examples of incompatible settings for TKIP and AES.
Figure 39: Incompatible WPA and WPA2 Security Encryption Settings for OEAP 600 Series
Figure 40: Incompatible WPA and WPA2 Security Encryption Settings for OEAP 600 Series
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QoS settings are supported (see the following figure), but CAC is not supported and should not be enabled.
Note
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Note
Client Load Balancing and Client Band Select are not supported.
Authentication Settings
For authentication on the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point, LEAP is not supported. This configuration
must be addressed on the clients and RADIUS servers to migrate them to EAP-Fast, EAP-TTLS, EAP-TLS,
or PEAP.
If Local EAP is being utilized on the controller, the settings would also have to be modified not to use LEAP.
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Note
This limit does not apply to other AP models that operate in the OfficeExtend mode.
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Security settings can be left open, set for MAC filtering, or set for Web Authentication. The default is to use
MAC filtering. Additionally, you can specify 802.1X Layer 2 security settings.
Figure 46: Layer 2 Security Settings for OEAP 600 Series APs in Remote LANs
Figure 47: Layer 3 Security Settings for OEAP 600 Series APs in Remote LANs
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The channel bandwidth for 5.0 GHz is also configured on the 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Point Local
GUI, for 20-MHz or 40-MHz wide channels. Setting the channel width to 40 MHz for 2.4 GHz is not supported
and fixed at 20 MHz.
Figure 49: Channel Width for OEAP 600 APs
Additional Caveats
The 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Points are designed for single AP deployments, therefore client
roaming between 600 Series OfficeExtend Access Points is not supported.
Disabling the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n on the controller may not disable these spectrums on the 600
Series OfficeExtend Access Point since local SSID may be still working.
Your firewall must be configured to allow traffic from access points using CAPWAP. Make sure that
UDP ports 5246 and 5247 are enabled and are not blocked by an intermediate device that could prevent
an access point from joining the controller.
APs such as 3500, 3600, 1260, 2600, and 1040 that are converted to OEAP mode and mapped to locally
switched WLAN forward the DHCP request to the local subnet on the AP connected switch. To avoid
this condition, you must disable local switching and local authentication.
Implementing Security
Note
Configuring LSC is not a requirement but is an option. The OfficeExtend 600 access points do not support
LSC.
1 Use local significant certificates (LSCs) to authorize your OfficeExtend access points, by following the
instructions in Authorizing Access Points Using LSCs.
2 Implement AAA server validation using the access points MAC address, name, or both as the username
in authorization requests, by entering this command:
config auth-list ap-policy authorize-ap username {ap_mac | Cisco_AP | both}
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Using the access point name for validation can ensure that only the OfficeExtend access points of valid
employees can associate with the controller. To implement this security policy, ensure that you name each
OfficeExtend access point with an employee ID or employee number. When an employee is terminated,
run a script to remove this user from the AAA server database, which prevents that employees OfficeExtend
access point from joining the network.
3 Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Note
CCX is not supported on the 600 OEAP. Elements related to CCX are not supported. Also, only 802.1X
or PSK is supported. TKIP and AES security encryption settings must be identical for WPA and WPA2.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click the name of the desired access point to open the All APs > Details page.
Enable FlexConnect on the access point as follows:
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a) In the General tab, choose FlexConnect from the AP Mode drop-down list to enable FlexConnect for this access
point.
Step 4
Step 5
Note
Rogue detection is disabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access point.
However, you can enable or disable rogue detection for a specific access point by selecting the Rogue
Detection check box on the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page. Rogue detection is disabled by default
for OfficeExtend access points because these access points, which are deployed in a home environment, are
likely to detect a large number of rogue devices.
DTLS data encryption is enabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access point.
However, you can enable or disable DTLS data encryption for a specific access point by selecting the Data
Encryption check box on the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
Note
Telnet and SSH access are disabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access
point. However, you can enable or disable Telnet or SSH access for a specific access point by selecting the
Telnet or SSH check box on the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
Note
Link latency is enabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access point. However,
you can enable or disable link latency for a specific access point by selecting the Enable Link Latency
check box on the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
c) Select the Enable Least Latency Controller Join check box if you want the access point to choose the controller
with the least latency when joining. Otherwise, leave this check box unselected, which is the default value. When
you enable this feature, the access point calculates the time between the discovery request and discovery response
and joins the Cisco 5500 Series Controller that responds first.
d) Click Apply.
The OfficeExtend AP text box on the All APs page shows which access points are configured as OfficeExtend access
points.
Step 6
Configure a specific username and password for the OfficeExtend access point so that the user at home can log into the
GUI of the OfficeExtend access point:
a) Click the Credentials tab.
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b) Select the Over-ride Global Credentials check box to prevent this access point from inheriting the global username,
password, and enable password from the controller. The default value is unselected.
c) In the Username, Password, and Enable Password text boxes, enter the unique username, password, and enable
password that you want to assign to this access point.
Note
The information that you enter is retained across controller and access point reboots and if the access point
joins a new controller.
d) Click Apply.
Note
If you want to force this access point to use the controllers global credentials, unselect the Over-ride Global
Credentials check box.
Step 7
Configure access to local GUI, LAN ports, and local SSID of the OfficeExtend access points:
a) Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
b) Under OEAP Config Parameters, select or unselect the Disable Local Access check box to enable or disable local
access of the OfficeExtend access points.
Note
By default, the Disable Local Access check box is unselected and therefore the Ethernet ports and personal
SSIDs are enabled. This configuration does not affect remote LAN. The port is enabled only when you
configure a remote LAN.
Click Save Configuration.
If your controller supports only OfficeExtend access points, see the Configuring RRM section for instructions on setting
the recommended values for the DCA interval, channel scan duration, and neighbor packet frequency.
Step 8
Step 9
Note
You must enter both the name and IP address of the controller. Otherwise, the access point cannot join
this controller.
Note
The names and IP addresses must be unique for the primary, secondary, and tertiary controllers.
Enable the OfficeExtend mode for this access point by entering this command:
config flexconnect office-extend {enable | disable} Cisco_AP
The default value is enabled. The disable parameter disables OfficeExtend mode for this access point.
It does not undo all of the configuration settings on the access point. If you want to clear the access
points configuration and return it to the factory-default settings, enter this command:
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Note
Rogue detection is disabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access point.
However, you can enable or disable rogue detection for a specific access point or for all access points
using the config rogue detection {enable | disable} {Cisco_AP | all} command. Rogue detection is
disabled by default for OfficeExtend access points because these access points, which are deployed in a
home environment, are likely to detect a large number of rogue devices.
Note
DTLS data encryption is enabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access
point. However, you can enable or disable DTLS data encryption for a specific access point or for all
access points using the config ap link-encryption {enable | disable} {Cisco_AP | all} command.
Note
Telnet and SSH access are disabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access
point. However, you can enable or disable Telnet or SSH access for a specific access point using the config
ap {telnet | ssh} {enable | disable} Cisco_AP command.
Note
Link latency is enabled automatically when you enable the OfficeExtend mode for an access point.
However, you can enable or disable link latency for a specific access point or for all access points currently
associated to the controller using the config ap link-latency {enable | disable} {Cisco_AP | all} command.
Enable the access point to choose the controller with the least latency when joining by entering this
command:
config flexconnect join min-latency {enable | disable} Cisco_AP
The default value is disabled. When you enable this feature, the access point calculates the time between
the discovery request and discovery response and joins the Cisco 5500 Series Controller that responds
first.
Configure a specific username and password that users at home can enter to log into the GUI of the
OfficeExtend access point by entering this command:
config ap mgmtuser add username user password password enablesecret enable_password Cisco_AP
The credentials that you enter in this command are retained across controller and access point reboots
and if the access point joins a new controller.
Note
If you want to force this access point to use the controllers global credentials, enter the config ap mgmtuser
delete Cisco_AP command. The following message appears after you execute this command: AP reverted
to global username configuration.
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To configure access to the local network for the Cisco 600 Series OfficeExtend access points, enter the
following command:
config network oeap-600 local-network {enable | disable}
When disabled, the local SSIDs, local ports are inoperative; and the console is not accessible. When
reset, the default restores local access. This configuration does not affect the remote LAN configuration
if configured on the access points.
Configure the Dual R-LAN Ports feature, which allows the Ethernet port 3 of Cisco 600 Series
OfficeExtend access points to operate as a remote LAN by entering this command:
config network oeap-600 dual-rlan-ports {enable | disable}
This configuration is global to the controller and is stored by the AP and the NVRAM variable. When
this variable is set, the behavior of the remote LAN is changed. This feature supports different remote
LANs per remote LAN port.
The remote LAN mapping is different depending on whether the default group or AP Groups is used:
Default GroupIf you are using the default group, a single remote LAN with an even numbered
remote LAN ID is mapped to port 4. For example, a remote LAN with remote LAN ID 2 is mapped
to port 4 (on the Cisco 600 OEAP). The remote LAN with an odd numbered remote LAN ID is
mapped to port 3 (on the Cisco 600 OEAP). For example, a remote LAN with remote LAN ID 1
is mapped to port 3 (on the Cisco 600 OEAP).
AP GroupsIf you are using an AP group, the mapping to the OEAP-600 ports is determined by
the order of the AP groups. To use an AP group, you must first delete all remote LANs and WLANs
from the AP group leaving it empty. Then, add the two remote LANs to the AP group adding the
port 3 AP remote LAN first, and the port 4 remote group second, followed by any WLANs.
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Note
If your controller supports only OfficeExtend access points, see the Configuring Radio Resource
Management section for instructions on setting the recommended value for the DCA interval.
Find the IP address of your OfficeExtend access point by doing one of the following:
Log on to your home router and look for the IP address of your OfficeExtend access point.
Ask your companys IT professional for the IP address of your OfficeExtend access point.
Use an application such as Network Magic to detect devices on your network and their IP addresses.
Step 2
With the OfficeExtend access point connected to your home router, enter the IP address of the OfficeExtend access point
in the Address text box of your Internet browser and click Go.
Note
Make sure that you are not connected to your companys network using a virtual private network (VPN)
connection.
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Step 3
Step 4
When prompted, enter the username and password to log into the access point.
On the OfficeExtend Access Point Welcome page, click Enter. The OfficeExtend Access Point Home page appears.
Figure 50: OfficeExtend Access Point Home Page
This page shows the access point name, IP address, MAC address, software version, status, channel, transmit power,
and client traffic.
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Step 5
Step 6
Select the Personal SSID check box to enable this wireless connection. The default value is disabled.
Step 7
In the SSID text box, enter the personal SSID that you want to assign to this access point. This SSID is locally switched.
Note
A controller with an OfficeExtend access point publishes only up to 15 WLANs to each connected access point
because it reserves one WLAN for the personal SSID.
From the Security drop-down list, choose Open, WPA2/PSK (AES), or 104 bit WEP to set the security type to be used
by this access point.
Note
If you choose WPA2/PSK (AES), make sure that the client is configured for WPA2/PSK and AES encryption.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
If you chose WPA2/PSK (AES) in Step 8, enter an 8- to 38-character WPA2 passphrase in the Secret text box. If you
chose 104 bit WEP, enter a 13-character ASCII key in the Key text box.
Click Apply.
Note
If you want to use the OfficeExtend access point for another application, you can clear this configuration and
return the access point to the factory-default settings by clicking Clear Config. You can also clear the access
points configuration from the controller CLI by entering the clear ap config Cisco_AP command.
457
See the link delay for OfficeExtend access points by entering this command:
show flexconnect office-extend latency
See the encryption state of all access points or a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap link-encryption {all | Cisco_AP}
This command also shows authentication errors, which track the number of integrity check failures, and
replay errors, which track the number of times that the access point receives the same packet. See the
data plane status for all access points or a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap data-plane {all | Cisco_AP}
Note
If the lightweight access point fails, the WGB attempts to associate to another access point.
The following are some guidelines for Cisco Workgroup Bridges:
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The WGB can be any autonomous access point that supports the workgroup bridge mode and is running
Cisco IOS Release 12.4(3g)JA or later releases (on 32-MB access points) or Cisco IOS Release 12.3(8)JEB
or later releases (on 16-MB access points). These access points include the AP1120, AP1121, AP1130,
AP1231, AP1240, and AP1310. Cisco IOS releases prior to 12.4(3g)JA and 12.3(8)JEB are not supported.
Note
If your access point has two radios, you can configure only one for workgroup bridge
mode. This radio is used to connect to the lightweight access point. We recommend that
you disable the second radio.
Enable the workgroup bridge mode on the WGB as follows:
On the WGB access point GUI, choose Workgroup Bridge for the role in radio
network on the Settings > Network Interfaces page.
On the WGB access point CLI, enter the station-role workgroup-bridge
command.
Note
See the sample WGB access point configuration in the WGB Configuration Example
section.
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On the WGB access point GUI, choose Disabled for the Reliable Multicast to WGB parameter.
On the WGB access point CLI, enter the no infrastructure client command.
Note
Note
See the sample WGB access point configuration in the WGB Configuration Example
section.
The following features are not supported for use with a WGB:
Cisco Centralized Key Management (CCKM)
Idle timeout
Web authentication
Note
The WGB supports a maximum of 20 wired clients. If you have more than 20 wired clients, use a bridge
or another device.
The DirectStream feature from the controller does not work for clients behind workgroup bridges and
the stream is denied.
With Layer 3 roaming, if you plug a wired client into the WGB network after the WGB has roamed to
another controller (for example, to a foreign controller), the wired clients IP address displays only on
the anchor controller, not on the foreign controller.
If a wired client does not send traffic for an extended period of time, the WGB removes the client from
its bridge table, even if traffic is continuously being sent to the wired client. As a result, the traffic flow
to the wired client fails. To avoid the traffic loss, prevent the wired client from being removed from the
bridge table by configuring the aging-out timer on the WGB to a large value using the following Cisco
IOS commands on the WGB:
configure terminal
bridge bridge-group-number aging-time seconds
exit
end
where bridge-group-number is a value between 1 and 255, and seconds is a value between 10 and
1,000,000 seconds. We recommend configuring the seconds parameter to a value greater than the wired
clients idle period.
When you delete a WGB record from the controller, all of the WGB wired clients records are also
deleted.
These features are not supported for wired clients connected to a WGB:
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MAC filtering
Link tests
Idle timeout
The broadcast forwarding toward wired WGB clients works only on the native VLAN. If additional
VLANs are configured, only the native VLAN forwards broadcast traffic.
Wired clients behind a WGB cannot connect to a DMZ/Anchor controller. To enable wired clients behind
a WGB to connect to an anchor controller in a DMZ, you must enable VLANs in the WGB using the
config wgb vlan enable command.
The dot11 arp-cache global configuration command that you can enter on the access point that is in
WGB mode is not supported.
Verify that the WGB is associated to an access point by entering this command on the WGB:
show dot11 association
Information similar to the following appears:
ap# show dot11 associations
802.11 Client Stations on Dot11Radio0:
SSID [FCVTESTING] :
MAC Address
IP address
Device
000b.8581.6aee 10.11.12.1
WGB-client
ap#
Name
map1
Parent
-
State
Assoc
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Step 2
Click the MAC address of the desired client. The Clients > Detail page appears.
The Client Type text box under Client Properties shows WGB if this client is a workgroup bridge, and the Number of
Wired Client(s) text box shows the number of wired clients that are connected to this WGB.
Step 3
See the details of any wired clients that are connected to a particular WGB as follows:
a) Click Back on the Clients > Detail page to return to the Clients page.
b) Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired WGB and choose Show Wired Clients. The WGB
Wired Clients page appears.
Note
If you want to disable or remove a particular client, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for
the desired client and choose Remove or Disable, respectively.
c) Click the MAC address of the desired client to see more details for this particular client. The Clients > Detail page
appears.
The Client Type text box under Client Properties shows WGB Client, and the rest of the text boxes on this page
provide additional information for this client.
Step 2
See the details of any wired clients that are connected to a particular WGB by entering this command:
show wgb detail wgb_mac_address
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Note
We have tested multiple third-party devices for compatibility but cannot ensure that all
non-Cisco devices work. Support for any interaction or configuration details on the
third-party device should be discussed with the device manufacturer.
You must enable the passive client functionality for all non-Cisco workgroup bridges.
You might need to use the following commands to configure DHCP on clients:
Disable DHCP proxy by using the config dhcp proxy disable command.
Enable DHCP boot broadcast by using the tconfig dhcp proxy disable bootp-broadcast enable
command.
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When an access point's primary controller comes back online, the access point disassociates from the
backup controller and reconnects to its primary controller. The access point falls back only to its primary
controller and not to any available secondary controller for which it is configured. For example, if an
access point is configured with primary, secondary, and tertiary controllers, it fails over to the tertiary
controller when the primary and secondary controllers become unresponsive. If the secondary controller
comes back online while the primary controller is down, the access point does not fall back to the
secondary controller and stays connected to the tertiary controller. The access point waits until the
primary controller comes back online to fall back from the tertiary controller to the primary controller.
If the tertiary controller fails and the primary controller is still down, the access point then falls back to
the available secondary controller.
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
Step 2
From the Local Mode AP Fast Heartbeat Timer State drop-down list, choose Enable to enable the fast heartbeat timer
for access points in local mode or choose Disable to disable this timer. The default value is Disable.
Step 3
If you chose Enable in Step 2, enter the Local Mode AP Fast Heartbeat Timeout text box to configure the fast heartbeat
timer for access points in local mode. Specifying a small heartbeat interval reduces the amount of time it takes to detect
a controller failure.
The range for the AP Fast Heartbeat Timeout value for Cisco Flex 7500 Controllers is 1015 (inclusive) and is 110
(inclusive) for other controllers. The default value for the heartbeat timeout for Cisco Flex 7500 Controllers is 10. The
default value for other controllers is 1 second.
Step 4
.From the FlexConnect Mode AP Fast Heartbeat Timer State drop-down list, choose Enable to enable the fast heartbeat
timer for FlexConnect access points or choose Disable to disable this timer. The default value is Disable.
Step 5
If you enable FlexConnect fast heartbeat, enter the FlexConnect Mode AP Fast Heartbeat Timeout value in the FlexConnect
Mode AP Fast Heartbeat Timeout text box. Specifying a small heartbeat interval reduces the amount of time it takes to
detect a controller failure.
The range for the FlexConnect Mode AP Fast Heartbeat Timeout value for Cisco Flex 7500 Controllers is 1015 (inclusive)
and is 110 for other controllers. The default value for the heartbeat timeout for Cisco Flex 7500 Controllers is 10. The
default value for other controllers is 1 second.
Step 6
In the AP Primary Discovery Timeout text box, a value between 30 and 3600 seconds (inclusive) to configure the access
point primary discovery request timer. The default value is 120 seconds.
If you want to specify a primary backup controller for all access points, enter the IP address of the primary backup
controller in the Back-up Primary Controller IP Address text box and the name of the controller in the Back-up Primary
Controller Name text box.
Note
The default value for the IP address is 0.0.0.0, which disables the primary backup controller.
Step 7
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Step 8
If you want to specify a secondary backup controller for all access points, enter the IP address of the secondary backup
controller in the Back-up Secondary Controller IP Address text box and the name of the controller in the Back-up
Secondary Controller Name text box.
Note
The default value for the IP address is 0.0.0.0, which disables the secondary backup controller.
Step 9
Step 10
Configure primary, secondary, and tertiary backup controllers for a specific access point as follows:
a) Choose Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
b) Click the name of the access point for which you want to configure primary, secondary, and tertiary backup controllers.
c) Choose the High Availability tab to open the All APs > Details for (High Availability) page.
d) If desired, enter the name and IP address of the primary controller for this access point in the Primary Controller text
boxes.
Note
Entering an IP address for the backup controller is optional in this step and the next two steps. If the backup
controller is outside the mobility group to which the access point is connected (the primary controller), then
you need to provide the IP address of the primary, secondary, or tertiary controller, respectively. The controller
name and IP address must belong to the same primary, secondary, or tertiary controller. Otherwise, the
access point cannot join the backup controller.
e) If desired, enter the name and IP address of the secondary controller for this access point in the Secondary Controller
text boxes.
f) If desired, enter the name and IP address of the tertiary controller for this access point in the Tertiary Controller text
boxes.
g) Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 11
Configure a primary controller for a specific access point by entering this command:
config ap primary-base controller_name Cisco_AP [controller_ip_address]
The controller_ip_address parameter in this command and the next two commands is optional. If the backup
controller is outside the mobility group to which the access point is connected (the primary controller), then
you need to provide the IP address of the primary, secondary, or tertiary controller, respectively. In each
command, the controller_name and controller_ip_address must belong to the same primary, secondary, or
tertiary controller. Otherwise, the access point cannot join the backup controller.
Configure a secondary controller for a specific access point by entering this command:
config ap secondary-base controller_name Cisco_AP [controller_ip_address]
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Configure a tertiary controller for a specific access point by entering this command:
config ap tertiary-base controller_name Cisco_AP [controller_ip_address]
Step 4
Configure a primary backup controller for all access points by entering this command:
config advanced backup-controller primary backup_controller_name backup_controller_ip_address
Step 5
Configure a secondary backup controller for all access points by entering this command:
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Step 6
To delete a primary or secondary backup controller entry, enter 0.0.0.0 for the controller IP address.
Enable or disable the fast heartbeat timer for local or FlexConnect access points by entering this command:
config advanced timers ap-fast-heartbeat {local | flexconnect | all} {enable | disable} interval
where all is both local and FlexConnect access points, and interval is a value between 1 and 10 seconds (inclusive).
Specifying a small heartbeat interval reduces the amount of time that it takes to detect a controller failure. The default
value is disabled.Configure the access point heartbeat timer by entering this command:
config advanced timers ap-heartbeat-timeout interval
where interval is a value between 1 and 30 seconds (inclusive). This value should be at least three times larger than the
fast heartbeat timer. The default value is 30 seconds.
Caution
Step 7
Do not enable the fast heartbeat timer with the high latency link. If you have to enable the fast heartbeat timer,
the timer value must be greater than the latency.
Configure the access point primary discovery request timer by entering this command:
config advanced timers ap-primary-discovery-timeout interval
where interval is a value between 30 and 3600 seconds. The default value is 120 seconds.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
1
AP5
US - United States
802.11bg:-AB
802.11a:-AB
US - United States
802.11bg:-A
802.11a:-N
1
00:13:80:60:48:3e
DHCP
1.100.163.133
1-5508
467
2.2.2.2
1-4404
2.2.2.2
2-4404
1.1.1.4
Information similar to the following appears for the show advanced backup-controller command:
AP primary Backup Controller .................... controller1 10.10.10.10
AP secondary Backup Controller ............... 0.0.0.0
Information similar to the following appears for the show advanced timers command:
Authentication Response Timeout (seconds)........ 10
Rogue Entry Timeout (seconds).................... 1300
AP Heart Beat Timeout (seconds).................. 30
AP Discovery Timeout (seconds)................... 10
AP Local mode Fast Heartbeat (seconds)........... 10 (enable)
AP flexconnect mode Fast Heartbeat (seconds)........... disable
AP Primary Discovery Timeout (seconds)........... 120
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Before you enable HA, ensure that both the controllers are physically connected through the redundant port
using an Ethernet cable. Also, ensure that the uplink is connected to an infrastructure switch and that the
gateway is reachable from both the controllers.
In HA architecture, the redundancy port and redundant management interfaces have been newly introduced.
The following are some guidelines for high availability:
We recommend that you do not pair two controllers of different hardware models. If they are paired,
then a higher controller model becomes the active controller and the other controller goes into maintenance
mode.
We recommend that you do not pair two controllers on different controller software releases. If they are
paired, then the controller with the lower redundancy management address becomes the active controller
and the other controller goes into maintenance mode.
All download file types, such as Image, Config, Web-Authentication bundle, and Signature files, are
downloaded on the active controller first and then pushed to the standby-hot controller.
Certificates should be downloaded separately on each controller before they are paired.
You can upload file types such as Config, Event Logs, Crash files, and so on, from the standby-hot
controller using the GUI or CLI of the active controller. You can also specify a suffix to the filename
to identify the uploaded file.
To perform a peer upload, use the service port. In a management network, you can also use the redundancy
management interface (RMI) that is mapped to the redundancy port or RMI VLAN, or both, that is the
same as the management VLAN.
If the controllers cannot reach each other through the redundant port or the RMI, the primary controller
becomes active and the standby-hot controller goes into the maintenance mode.
Note
To achieve HA between two Cisco WiSM2 platforms, the controllers should be deployed
on a single chassis or on multiple chassis using a virtual switching system (VSS) and
extending a redundancy VLAN between the multiple chassis.
Note
When HA is enabled, ensure that you do not use the backed-up image. If this image is used, the HA
feature might not work as expected:
The service port and route information that is configured is lost after you enable SSO. You must
configure the service port and route information again after you enable SSO. You can configure
the service port and route information for the standby-hot controller using the peer-service-port
and peer-route commands.
469
For Cisco WiSM2, service port reconfigurations are required after you enable redundancy.
Otherwise, Cisco WiSM2 might not be able to communicate with the supervisor. We recommend
that you enable DHCP on the service port before you enable redundancy.
We recommend that you do not use the reset command on the standby-hot controller directly. If
you use this, unsaved configurations will be lost.
We recommend that you enable link aggregation (LAG) configuration on the controllers before you
enable the port channel in the infrastructure switches.
All configurations that require reboot of the active controller results in the reboot of the standby-hot
controller.
The Ignore AP list is not synchronized from the active controller to the standby-hot controller. The list
is relearned through SNMP messages from the Cisco Prime Infrastructure, after the standby-hot controller
becomes active.
In Release 7.3.x, AP SSO is supported but client SSO is not supported, which means that after an HA
setup that uses Release 7.3.x encounters a switchover, all the clients associated with the Cisco WLC are
deauthenticated and are forced to reassociate.
Redundancy Management Interface
The active and standby-hot controllers use the Redundancy Management Interface to check the health of the
peer controller and the default gateway of the management interface through the network infrastructure.
The Redundancy Management Interface is also used to send notifications from the active controller to the
standby-hot controller if a failure or manual reset occurs. The standby-hot controller uses the Redundancy
Management Interface to communicate to the syslog, NTP server, FTP, and TFTP server.
It is mandatory to configure the IP addresses of the Redundancy Management Interface and the Management
Interface in the same subnet on both the primary and secondary controllers.
Redundancy Port
The redundancy port is used for configuration, operational data synchronization, and role negotiation between
the primary and secondary controllers.
The redundancy port checks for peer reachability by sending UDP keepalive messages every 100 milliseconds
(default frequency) from the standby-hot controller to the active controller. If a failure of the active controller
occurs, the redundancy port is used to notify the standby-hot controller.
If an NTP server is not configured, the redundancy port performs a time synchronization from the active
controller to the standby-hot controller.
In Cisco WiSM2, the redundancy VLAN must be configured on the Cisco Catalyst 6000 supervisor engine
because there is no physical redundancy port is available on Cisco WiSM2.
The redundancy port and the redundancy VLAN in Cisco WiSM2 are assigned an automatically generated
IP address in which the last two octets are obtained from the last two octets of the Redundancy Management
Interface. The first two octets are always 169.254. For example, if the IP address of the Redundancy
Management Interface is 209.165.200.225, the IP address of the redundancy port is 169.254.200.225.
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471
Note
If LAG is disabled and both primary and backup ports are connected to the management
interface and if the primary port becomes nonoperational, a switchover might occur
because the default gateway is not reachable and backup port failover might exceed 12
seconds.
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) cache synchronization is not supported on FlexConnect local-authenticated
clients.
You cannot change the NAT address configuration of the management interface when the controllers
are in redundancy mode. To enable NAT address configuration on the management interface, you must
remove the redundancy configuration first, make the required changes on the primary controller, and
then reenable the redundancy configuration on the same controller.
Step 1
On the GUI of both controllers, choose Controller > Redundancy > Global Configuration.
The Global Configuration page is displayed.
Step 2
Enter the addresses of both the controllers in the Redundant Management IP and the Peer Redundant Management
IP text boxes.
Ensure that the Redundant Management Interface IP address of one controller is the same as the Redundancy Management
Interface IP address of the peer controller.
Step 3
Step 4
From the Redundant Unit drop-down list, choose one of the controllers as primary and the other as secondary.
On the GUI of both the controllers, set the SSO to Enabled state.
After you enable an SSO, the service port peer IP address and the service port netmask appear on the configuration page.
Note that the service port peer IP address and the netmask can be pushed to the peer only if the HA peer is available and
operational. When you enable HA, you do not have to configure the service port peer IP address and the service port
netmask parameters. You must configure the parameters only when the HA peer is available and operational. After you
enable SSO, both the controllers are rebooted. During the reboot process, the controllers negotiate the redundancy role
through the redundant port based on the configuration. The primary controller becomes the active controller and the
secondary controller becomes the standby controller.
Step 5
(Optional) When the HA pair becomes available and operational, you can configure the peer service port IP address and
the netmask when the service port is configured as static. If you enable DHCP on the service port, you do not have to
configure these parameters on the Global Configuration page:
Service Port Peer IPIP address of the service port of the peer controller.
Service Port Peer NetmaskNetmask of the service port of the peer controller.
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Mobility MAC AddressA common MAC address for the active and standby controllers that is used in the
mobility protocol. If an HA pair has to be added as a mobility member for a mobility group, the mobility MAC
address (instead of the system MAC address of the active or standby controller) should be used. Normally, the
mobility MAC address is chosen as the MAC address of the active controller and you do not have to manually
configure this.
Keep Alive TimerThe timer that controls how often the standby controller sends heartbeat keepalive messages
to the active controller. The valid range is between 100 to 400 milliseconds, in multiples of 50.
Peer Search TimerThe timer that controls how often the active controller sends peer search messages to the
standby controller. The valid range is between 60 to 180 seconds.
After you enable the HA and pair the controllers, there is only one unified GUI to manage the HA pair through the
management port. GUI access through the service port is not feasible for both the active and standby controllers. The
standby controller can be managed only through the console or the service port.
Only Telnet and SSH sessions are allowed through the service port of the active and standby controllers.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
View the redundancy status of the HA pair by choosing Monitor > Redundancy > Summary.
The Redundancy Summary page is displayed.
Step 9
473
Configure the route configurations of the standby controller by entering this command:
config redundancy peer-route {add network-ip-addr ip-mask | delete network-ip-addr}
This command can be run only if the HA peer controller is available and operational.
Configure a mobility MAC address by entering this command:
config redundancy mobilitymac mac-addr
This command can be run only when SSO is disabled.
Configure the IP address and netmask of the peer service port of the standby controller by entering this
command:
config redundancy interface address peer-service-port ip-address netmask
This command can be run only if the HA peer controller is available and operational.
Initiate a manual switchover by entering this command:
config redundancy force-switchover
Run this command only when you require a manual switchover.
Configure the redundancy timers by entering this command:
config redundancy timer {keep-alive-timer time-in-milliseconds | peer-search-timer time-in-seconds}
View the status of redundancy by entering this command:
show redundancy summary
View information about the Redundancy Management Interface by entering this command:
show interface detailed redundancy-management
View information about the redundancy port by entering this command:
show interface detailed redundancy-port
Reboot a peer controller by entering this command:
reset peer-system
Start the upload of file types, such as Config, Event Logs, Crash files, and so on from the standby-hot
controller by entering this command on the active controller:
transfer upload peer-start
Debug the commands for the Redundancy Manager by entering this command:
debug rmgr {packet | events | errors | detail}
Debug the commands for the Redundancy Sync Manager by entering this command:
debug rsnyncmgr {packet | events | errors | detail}
Debug the commands for the Redundancy Facilitator by entering this command:
debug rfrac {packet | events | errors | detail}
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Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
Step 2
From the Global AP Failover Priority drop-down list, choose Enable to enable access point failover priority or choose
Disable to disable this feature and turn off any access point priority assignments. The default value is Disable.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Step 6
Step 7
Click the name of the access point for which you want to configure failover priority.
Choose the High Availability tab. The All APs > Details for (High Availability) page appears.
Step 8
From the AP Failover Priority drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify the priority of the access
point:
LowAssigns the access point to the level 1 priority, which is the lowest priority level. This is the default value.
MediumAssigns the access point to the level 2 priority.
HighAssigns the access point to the level 3 priority.
CriticalAssigns the access point to the level 4 priority, which is the highest priority level.
475
Step 9
Step 10
Step 2
Step 3
mrf
Enable
Enable
Disable
Enable
Enable
Disable
Disable
Disabled
60 seconds
300 seconds
300 seconds
Disable
See the failover priority for each access point by entering this command:
show ap summary
Information similar to the following appears:
Number of APs.................................... 2
Global AP User Name.............................. user
Global AP Dot1x User Name........................ Not Configured
AP Name
Slots
AP Model
Ethernet MAC
Location
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------ap:1252
ap:1121
----2
1
--------hallway 6
reception
To see the summary of a specific access point, you can specify the access point name. You can also use
wildcard searches when filtering for access points.
Step 1
To configure the controller to set the retransmission interval and retry count globally using the controller GUI, follow
these steps:
a) Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration.
b) Choose one of the following options under the AP Transmit Config Parameters section:
AP Retransmit CountEnter the number of times you want the access point to retransmit the request to the
controller. This parameter can take values between 3 and 8.
AP Retransmit IntervalEnter the time duration between the retransmission of requests. This parameter can
take values between 2 and 5.
477
c) Click Apply.
Step 2
To configure the controller to set the retransmission interval and retry count for a specific access point, follow these
steps:
a) Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs.
b) Click on the AP Name link for the access point on which you want to set the values.
The All APs > Details page appears.
c) Click the Advanced Tab to open the advanced parameters page.
d) Choose one of the following parameters under the AP Transmit Config Parameters section:
AP Retransmit CountEnter the number of times that you want the access point to retransmit the request to
the controller. This parameter can take values between 3 and 8.
AP Retransmit IntervalEnter the time duration between the retransmission of requests. This parameter can
take values between 2 and 5.
e) Click Apply.
Configuring the Access Point Retransmission Interval and Retry Count (CLI)
You can configure the retransmission interval and retry count for all access points globally or a specific access
point.
Configure the retransmission interval and retry count for all access points globally by entering the this
command:
config ap retransmit {interval | count} seconds all
The valid range for the interval parameter is between 3 and 8. The valid range for the count parameter
is between 2 and 5.
Configure the retransmission interval and retry count for a specific access point, by entering this command:
config ap retransmit {interval | count} seconds Cisco_AP
The valid range for the interval parameter is between 3 and 8. The valid range for the count parameter
is between 2 and 5.
See the status of the configured retransmit parameters on all or specific APs by entering this command:
show ap retransmit all
Note
Because retransmit and retry values cannot be set for access points in mesh mode, these
values are displayed as N/A (not applicable).
See the status of the configured retransmit parameters on a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap retransmit Cisco_AP
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479
J3Uses the -U frequencies but allows -U, -P and -Q (other than 1550/1600/2600/3600) radios to join
the controller
J4Allows 2.4G JPQU and 5G PQU to join the controller.
Note
See the Channels and Maximum Power Settings for Cisco Aironet Lightweight Access Points document for
the list of channels and power levels supported by access points in the Japanese regulatory domains.
Note
If an access point was already set to a higher legal power level or is configured manually,
the power level is limited only by the particular country to which that access point is
assigned.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
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Reenable the 802.11 networks and then disable only the access points for which you are configuring a country
code. To disable an access point, choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs, click the link of the desired
access point, choose Disable from the Status drop-down list, and click Apply.
b) Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
c) Click the link for the desired access point.
d) Choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
The default country for this access point appears in the Country Code drop-down list.
e) If the access point is installed in a country other than the one shown, choose the correct country from the drop-down
list. The box contains only those country codes that are compatible with the regulatory domain of at least one of the
access points radios.
f) Click Apply.
g) Repeat these steps to assign all access points joined to the controller to a specific country.
h) Reenable any access points that you disabled in Step a.
Step 7
Step 8
Reenable the 802.11 networks if you did not enable them in Step 6.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 2
Step 3
Configure the country codes for the countries where your access points are installed by entering this command:
config country code1[,code2,code3,...]
If you are entering more than one country code, separate each by a comma (for example, config country US,CA,MX).
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
See the list of available channels for the country codes configured on your controller by entering this command:
show country channels
Step 7
Step 8
See the countries to which your access points have been assigned by entering this command:
To see a summary of specific access point you can specify the access point name. You can also use wildcard searches
when filtering for access points.
show ap summary
481
Step 9
If you entered multiple country codes in Step 3, follow these steps to assign each access point to a specific country:
a) Perform one of the following:
Leave the 802.11 networks disabled.
Reenable the 802.11 networks and then disable only the access points for which you are configuring a country
code. To Reenable the networks, enter this command:
config 802.11{a | b} enable network
To disable an access point, enter this command:
config ap disable ap_name
b) To assign an access point to a specific country, enter this command:
config ap country code {ap_name | all}
Make sure that the country code you choose is compatible with the regulatory domain of at least one of the access
points radios.
If you enabled the networks and disabled some access points and then run the config ap country code all
command, the specified country code is configured on only the disabled access points. All other access
points are ignored.
c) To reenable any access points that you disabled in Step a, enter this command:
config ap enable ap_name
Note
Step 10
If you did not reenable the 802.11 networks in Step 9, enter these commands to reenable them now:
config 802.11{a | b} enable network
Step 11
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Note
Controllers and access points may not operate properly if they are not designed for use in your country
of operation. For example, an access point with part number AIR-AP1030-A-K9 (which is included in
the Americas regulatory domain) cannot be used in Australia. Always be sure to purchase controllers and
access points that match your countrys regulatory domain.
The Japanese regulations allow the regulatory domain that is programmed into an access points radio to be
migrated from the -J domain to the -U domain. New access points for the Japanese market contain radios that
are configured for the -P regulatory domain. -J radios are no longer being sold. In order to make sure that
your existing -J radios work together with the new -P radios in one network, you need to migrate your -J
radios to the -U domain.
Country codes define the channels that can be used legally in each country. These country codes are available
for Japan:
JPAllows only -J radios to join the controller
J2Allows only -P radios to join the controller
J3Uses the -U frequencies but allows both -U and -P radios to join the controller
J4Allows 2.4G PQU and 5G JPQU to join the controller.
Note
After migration, you need to use the J3 country code. If your controller is running
software release 4.1 or later releases, you can use the multiple-country feature to choose
both J2 and J3. You can manually configure your -P radios to use the channels not
supported by J3.
If you are using controller software 7.0.98.0 or earlier releases, you must enable J2 and
J4 for the Q radios.
See the Channels and Maximum Power Settings for Cisco Aironet Lightweight Access Points document for
the list of channels and power levels supported by access points in the Japanese regulatory domains.
483
Restrictions for Migrating Access Points from the -J Regulatory Domain to the
-U Regulatory Domain
You can migrate only Cisco Aironet 1130, 1200, and 1240 lightweight access points that support the -J
regulatory domain and Airespace AS1200 access points. Other access points cannot be migrated.
You must have had one or more Japan country codes (JP, J2, or J3) configured on your controller at the
time you last booted your controller.
You must have at least one access point with a -J regulatory domain associated with your controller.
You cannot migrate your access points from the -U regulatory domain back to the -J domain. The
Japanese government has made reverse migration illegal.
Note
You cannot undo an access point migration. Once an access point has been migrated,
you cannot return to software release 4.0. Migrated access points will have
nonfunctioning 802.11a radios under software release 4.0.
Determine which access points in your network are eligible for migration by entering this command:
show ap migrate
Information similar to the following appears:
These 1 APs are eligible for migration:
00:14:1c:ed:27:fe AIR-AP1242AG-J-K9 ap1240 J Reg. Domain
No APs have already been migrated.
Step 2
Step 3
Change the country code of the access points to be migrated to J3 by entering this command:
config country J3
Step 4
Step 5
Wait for any access points that may have rebooted to rejoin the controller.
Migrate the access points from the -J regulatory domain to the -U regulatory domain by entering this command:
config ap migrate j52w52 {all | ap_name}
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Step 6
Step 7
Wait for all access points to reboot and rejoin the controller. This process may take up to 15 minutes, depending on
access point. The AP1130, AP1200, and AP1240 reboot twice; all other access points reboot once.
Verify migration for all access points by entering this command:
show ap migrate
Step 8
Step 9
U Reg. Domain
Step 10
Send an e-mail with your company name and the list of access points that have been migrated to this e-mail address:
migrateapj52w52@cisco.com. We recommend that you cut and paste the output from the show ap migrate command
in Step 8 into the e-mail.
Frequency (MHz)
100
5500
17
15
485
Channel
Frequency (MHz)
104
5520
17
15
108
5540
17
15
112
5560
17
15
116
5580
17
15
120
5600
17
15
124
5620
17
15
128
5640
17
15
132
5660
17
15
136
5680
17
15
140
5700
17
15
All of the channels in the W56 band require dynamic frequency selection (DFS). In Japan, the W56 band is
subject to Japans DFS regulations. Currently, only the new 1130 and 1240 series access point SKUs (with
the -Q product code) support this requirement: AIR-LAP1132AG-Q-K9 and AIR-LAP1242AG-Q-K9.
To set up a network consisting of only -P and -Q access points, configure the country code to J2. To set up a
network consisting of -P, -Q, and -U access points, configure the country code to J3.
Note
After radar has been detected on a DFS-enabled channel, it cannot be used for 30 minutes.
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Note
The Rogue Location Detection Protocol (RLDP) and rogue containment are not supported on the channels
listed in the table below.
Note
The maximum legal transmit power is greater for some 5-GHz channels than for others. When the controller
randomly selects a 5-GHz channel on which power is restricted, it automatically reduces transmit power
to comply with power limits for that channel.
Table 22: DFS-Enabled 5-GHz Channels
52 (5260 MHz)
56 (5280 MHz)
60 (5300 MHz)
64 (5320 MHz)
Using DFS, the controller monitors operating frequencies for radar signals. If it detects radar signals on a
channel, the controller takes these steps:
It changes the access point channel to a channel that has not shown radar activity within the last 30
minutes. (The radar event is cleared after 30 minutes.) The controller selects the channel at random.
If the channel selected is one of the channels in the table above, it scans the new channel for radar signals
for 60 seconds. If there are no radar signals on the new channel, the controller accepts client associations.
It records the channel that showed radar activity as a radar channel and prevents activity on that channel
for 30 minutes.
It generates a trap to alert the network manager.
487
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Step 2
Step 3
Click the name of the access point for which you want to configure monitor mode. The All APs > Details for page
appears.
From the AP Mode drop-down list, choose Monitor.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Click Apply.
Click OK when warned that the access point will be rebooted.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11b/g/n to open the 802.11b/g/n Radios page.
Step 8
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired access point and choose Configure. The 802.11b/g/n
Cisco APs > Configure page appears.
Disable the access point radio by choosing Disable from the Admin Status drop-down list and click Apply.
Enable tracking optimization on the radio by choosing Enable from the Enable Tracking Optimization drop-down list.
From the four Channel drop-down lists, choose the channels on which you want to monitor RFID tags.
Note
You must configure at least one channel on which the tags will be
monitored.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
To reenable the access point radio, choose Enable from the Admin Status drop-down list and click Apply.
Step 15
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 2
When warned that the access point will be rebooted and asked if you want to continue, enter Y.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Configure the access point to scan only the DCA channels supported by its country of operation by entering this command:
config ap monitor-mode tracking-opt Cisco_AP
Note
To specify the exact channels to be scanned, enter the config ap monitor-mode tracking-opt Cisco_AP
command in Step 6.
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Note
Step 6
To disable tracking optimization for this access point, enter the config ap monitor-mode no-optimization
Cisco_AP command.
After you have entered the command in Step 5, you can enter this command to choose up to four specific 802.11b channels
to be scanned by the access point:
config ap monitor-mode 802.11b fast-channel Cisco_AP channel1 channel2 channel3 channel4
In the United States, you can assign any value between 1 and 11 (inclusive) to the channel variable. Other
countries support additional channels. You must assign at least one channel.
Reenable the access point radio by entering this command:
config 802.11b enable Cisco_AP
Note
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
See a summary of all access points in monitor mode by entering this command:
show ap monitor-mode summary
Enable or disable the filtering of probe requests forwarded from an access point to the controller by entering this command:
config advanced probe filter {enable | disable}
If you enable probe filtering, the default filter setting, the access point forwards only acknowledged probe requests to
the controller. If you disable probe filtering, the access point forwards both acknowledged and unacknowledged probe
requests to the controller.
Step 2
Limit the number of probe requests sent to the controller per client per access point radio in a given interval by entering
this command:
config advanced probe limit num_probes interval
where
489
num_probes is the number of probe requests (from 1 to 100) forwarded to the controller per client per access point
radio in a given interval.
interval is the probe limit interval (from 100 to 10000 milliseconds).
The default value for num_probes is 2 probe requests, and the default value for interval is 500 milliseconds.
Step 3
Step 4
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Retrieving the Unique Device Identifier on Controllers and Access Points (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Step 3
Step 4
Retrieving the Unique Device Identifier on Controllers and Access Points (CLI)
Use these commands to retrieve the UDI on controllers and access points using the controller CLI:
show inventoryShows the UDI string of the controller. Information similar to the following appears:
NAME: "Chassis"
, DESCR: "Cisco Wireless Controller"
PID: WS-C3750G-24PS-W24, VID: V01, SN: FLS0952H00F
show inventory ap ap_idShows the UDI string of the access point specified.
491
The controller shows these link-quality metrics for CCX link tests in both directions (out access point to
client; in client to access point):
Signal strength in the form of RSSI (minimum, maximum, and average)
Signal quality in the form of SNR (minimum, maximum, and average)
Total number of packets that are retried
Maximum retry count for a single packet
Number of lost packets
Data rate of a successfully transmitted packet
The controller shows this metric regardless of direction:
Link test request/reply round-trip time (minimum, maximum, and average)
The controller software supports CCX versions 1 through 5. CCX support is enabled automatically for every
WLAN on the controller and cannot be disabled. The controller stores the CCX version of the client in its
client database and uses it to limit the features for this client. If a client does not support CCXv4 or v5, the
controller performs a ping link test on the client. If a client supports CCXv4 or v5, the controller performs a
CCX link test on the client. If a client times out during a CCX link test, the controller switches to the ping
link test automatically.
Note
Follow the instructions in this section to perform a link test using either the GUI or the CLI.
Step 2
Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired client and choose LinkTest. A link test page appears.
Note
You can also access this page by clicking the MAC address of the desired client and then clicking the Link
Test button on the top of the Clients > Detail page.
This page shows the results of the CCX link test.
Note
Note
Step 3
If the client and/or controller does not support CCX v4 or later releases, the controller performs a ping link test
on the client instead, and a much more limited link test page appears.
The Link Test results of CCX clients when it fails will default to ping test results if the client is reachable.
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40dB/30dB/35dB
40dB/30dB/35dB
5/3
4/2
36M 48M 54M 108M
Packet Count:
Transmit rate:
0
1M
2
36M
0
48M
18
54M
0
108M
Packet Count:
0
2M
0
0
5.5M
0
0
6M
0
9M
0
0
0
11M 12M 18M
0
0
24M
0
When CCX v4 or later releases is not enabled on either the controller or the client being tested, fewer
details appear:
Ping Link Test to 00:0d:88:c5:8a:d1.
Link Test Packets Sent..........................
Link Test Packets Received......................
Local Signal Strength...........................
Local Signal to Noise Ratio.....................
20
20
-49dBm
39dB
Adjust the link-test parameters that are applicable to both the CCX link test and the ping test by entering
these commands from configuration mode:
linktest frame-size size_of_link-test_frames
linktest num-of-frame number_of_link-test_request_frames_per_test
493
as the system round-trip time. The access point sends heartbeat packets to the controller at a default
interval of 30 seconds.
Note
Link latency calculates the CAPWAP response time between the access point and the
controller. It does not measure network latency or ping responses.
The controller displays the current round-trip time as well as a running minimum and maximum round-trip
time. The minimum and maximum times continue to run as long as the controller is up or can be cleared
and allowed to restart.
You can configure link latency for a specific access point using the controller GUI or CLI or for all
access points joined to the controller using the CLI.
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Step 2
Step 3
Click the name of the access point for which you want to configure link latency.
Choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
Step 4
Step 5
Select the Enable Link Latency check box to enable link latency for this access point or unselect it to prevent the access
point from sending the round-trip time to the controller after every echo response is received. The default value is
unselected.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
When the All APs page reappears, click the name of the access point again.
When the All APs > Details for page reappears, choose the Advanced tab again. The link latency and data latency results
appear below the Enable Link Latency check box:
CurrentThe current round-trip time (in milliseconds) of CAPWAP heartbeat packets or data packets from the
access point to the controller and back.
MinimumSince link latency has been enabled or reset, the minimum round-trip time (in milliseconds) of
CAPWAP heartbeat packets or data packets from the access point to the controller and back.
MaximumSince link latency has been enabled or reset, the maximum round-trip time (in milliseconds) of
CAPWAP heartbeat packets or data packets from the access point to the controller and back.
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Step 9
To clear the current, minimum, and maximum link latency and data latency statistics on the controller for this access
point, click Reset Link Latency.
Step 10
After the page refreshes and the All APs > Details for page reappears, choose the Advanced tab. The updated statistics
appear in the Minimum and Maximum text boxes.
Enable or disable link latency for a specific access point or for all access points currently associated to the controller by
entering this command:
config ap link-latency {enable | disable} {Cisco_AP | all}
The default value is disabled.
The config ap link-latency {enable | disable} all command enables or disables link latency only for access
points that are currently joined to the controller. It does not apply to access points that join in the future.
See the link latency results for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
Note
Step 2
The output of this command contains the following link latency results:
Current DelayThe current round-trip time (in milliseconds) of CAPWAP heartbeat packets from the access
point to the controller and back.
Maximum DelaySince link latency has been enabled or reset, the maximum round-trip time (in milliseconds)
of CAPWAP heartbeat packets from the access point to the controller and back.
Minimum DelaySince link latency has been enabled or reset, the minimum round-trip time (in milliseconds) of
CAPWAP heartbeat packets from the access point to the controller and back.
Step 3
Clear the current, minimum, and maximum link latency statistics on the controller for a specific access point by entering
this command:
config ap link-latency reset Cisco_AP
Step 4
495
Choose WIRELESS > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
Step 2
Under TCP MSS, select the Global TCP Adjust MSS check box and set the MSS for all access points that are associated
with the controller. The valid range is between 536 and 1363 bytes.
Enable or disable the TCP MSS on a particular access point or on all access points by entering this command:
config ap tcp-mss-adjust {enable | disable} {Cisco_AP | all} size
where the size parameter is a value between 536 and 1363 bytes. The default value varies for different clients.
Step 2
Step 3
See the current TCP MSS setting for a particular access point or all access points by entering this command:
show ap tcp-mss-adjust {Cisco_AP | all}
Information similar to the following appears:
AP Name
-----------------AP-1140
TCP State
-------enabled
MSS Size
------536
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AP-1240
AP-1130
disabled
disabled
497
Note
For more information on the Cisco PoE switches, see this URL: http://www.cisco.com/
en/US/prod/switches/epoe.html
The table below shows the maximum transmit power settings for 1250 series access points using
PoE.
Table 23: Maximum Transmit Power Settings for 1250 Series Access Points Using PoE
Radio
Band
Data Rates
20
20
20
802.11g
17
17
17
802.11n MCS
0-7
Disabled
17
17
17
Enabled
(default)
Disabled
14 (11 per
Tx)
20 (17 per
Tx)
802.11n MCS
8-15
Disabled
14 (11 per
Tx)
20 (17 per
Tx)
802.11a
17
17
17
802.11n MCS
0-7
Disabled
17
17
17
Enabled
(default)
Disabled
20 (17 per
Tx)
20 (17 per
Tx)
802.11n MCS
8-15
Disabled
20 (17 per
Tx)
20 (17 per
Tx)
5 GHz
5 Maximum transmit power varies by channel and according to individual country regulations. See the product documentation for specific details.
When powered with a non-Cisco standard PoE switch, the 1250 series access point operates under 15.4
Watts. Even if the non-Cisco switch or midspan device is capable of providing higher power, the access
point does not operate in enhanced PoE mode.
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Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs and then the name of the desired access point.
Step 2
Choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
The PoE Status text box shows the power level at which the access point is operating: High (20 W), Medium (16.8 W),
or Medium (15.4 W). This text box is not configurable. The controller auto-detects the access points power source and
displays the power level here.
This text box applies only to 1250 series access points that are powered using PoE. There are two other ways
to determine if the access point is operating at a lower power level. First, the Due to low PoE, radio is transmitting
at degraded power message appears under the Tx Power Level Assignment section on the 802.11a/n (or
802.11b/g/n) Cisco APs > Configure page. Second, the PoE Status: degraded operation message appears in
the controllers trap log on the Trap Logs page.
Perform one of the following:
Note
Step 3
Select the Pre-standard 802.3af switches check box if the access point is being powered by a high-power 802.3af
Cisco switch. This switch provides more than the traditional 6 Watts of power but do not support the intelligent
power management (IPM) feature.
Unselect the Pre-standard 802.3af switches check box if power is being provided by a power injector. This is the
default value.
Step 4
Step 5
Select the Power Injector State check box if the attached switch does not support IPM and a power injector is being
used. If the attached switch supports IPM, you do not need to select this check box.
If you selected the Power Injector State check box in the previous step, the Power Injector Selection and Injector Switch
MAC Address parameters appear. The Power Injector Selection parameter enables you to protect your switch port from
an accidental overload if the power injector is inadvertently bypassed. Choose one of these options from the drop-down
list to specify the desired level of protection:
InstalledThis option examines and remembers the MAC address of the currently connected switch port and
assumes that a power injector is connected. Choose this option if your network contains older Cisco 6-Watt switches
and you want to avoid possible overloads by forcing a double-check of any relocated access points.
If you want to configure the switch MAC address, enter the MAC address in the Injector Switch MAC Address
text box. If you want the access point to find the switch MAC address, leave the Injector Switch MAC Address
text box blank.
Note
Each time an access point is relocated, the MAC address of the new switch port fails to match the
remembered MAC address, and the access point remains in low-power mode. You must then physically
verify the existence of a power injector and reselect this option to cause the new MAC address to be
remembered.
OverrideThis option allows the access point to operate in high-power mode without first verifying a matching
MAC address. You can use this option if your network does not contain any older Cisco 6-W switches that could
be overloaded if connected directly to a 12-W access point. The advantage of this option is that if you relocate the
access point, it continues to operate in high-power mode without any further configuration. The disadvantage of
this option is that if the access point is connected directly to a 6-W switch, an overload occurs.
499
Step 6
Step 7
Click Apply.
If you have a dual-radio 1250 series access point and want to disable one of its radios in order to enable the other radio
to receive full power, follow these steps:
a) Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n)
Radios page.
b) Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the radio that you want to disable and choose Configure.
c) On the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Cisco APs > Configure page, choose Disable from the Admin Status drop-down
list.
d) Click Apply.
e) Manually reset the access point in order for the change to take effect.
Step 8
Note
Ensure CDP is enabled before entering this command. Otherwise, this command will
fail. See the Configuring the Cisco Discovery Protocol section for information about
enabling CDP.
Remove the safety checks and allow the access point to be connected to any switch port by entering this
command:
config ap power injector enable {Cisco_AP | all} override
You can use this command if your network does not contain any older Cisco 6-W switches that could
be overloaded if connected directly to a 12-W access point. The access point assumes that a power
injector is always connected. If you relocate the access point, it continues to assume that a power injector
is present.
If you know the MAC address of the connected switch port and do not want to automatically detect it
using the installed option, enter this command:
config ap power injector enable {Cisco_AP | all} switch_port_mac_address
If you have a dual-radio 1250 series access point and want to disable one of its radios in order to enable
the other radio to receive full power, enter this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} disable Cisco_AP
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Note
You must manually reset the access point in order for the change to take effect.
See the PoE settings for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
Information similar to the following appears:
Cisco AP Identifier..............................
Cisco AP Name....................................
...
PoE Pre-Standard Switch..........................
PoE Power Injector MAC Addr......................
Power Type/Mode..................................
...
1
AP1
Enabled
Disabled
PoE/Low Power (degraded mode)
The Power Type/Mode text box shows degraded mode if the access point is not operating at full power.
See the controllers trap log by entering this command:
show traplog
If the access point is not operating at full power, the trap contains PoE Status: degraded operation.
You can power an access point by a Cisco prestandard 15-W switch with Power over Ethernet (PoE)
by entering this command:
config ap power pre-standard {enable | disable} {all | Cisco_AP}
A Cisco prestandard 15-W switch does not support intelligent power management (IPM) but does have
sufficient power for a standard access point. The following Cisco prestandard 15-W switches are available:
WS-C3550, WS-C3560, WS-C3750
C1880
2600, 2610, 2611, 2621, 2650, 2651
2610XM, 2611XM, 2621XM, 2650XM, 2651XM, 2691
2811, 2821, 2851
3631-telco, 3620, 3640, 3660
3725, 3745
3825, 3845
The enable version of this command is required for full functionality when the access point is powered
by a Cisco prestandard 15-W switch. It is safe to use if the access point is powered by either an IPM
switch or a power injector or if the access point is not using one of the 15-W switches listed above.
You might need this command if your radio operational status is "Down" when you expect it to be "Up."
Enter the show msglog command to look for this error message, which indicates a PoE problem:
Apr 13 09:08:24.986 spam_lrad.c:2262 LWAPP-3-MSGTAG041: AP 00:14:f1:af:f3:40 is unable
to
verify sufficient in-line power. Radio slot 0 disabled.
501
Note
The output of these commands is sent only to the controller console, regardless of whether the commands
were entered on the console or in a TELNET/SSH CLI session.
Viewing Clients
You can use the controller GUI or CLI to view information about the clients that are associated to the controllers
access points.
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If the 802.11n client associates to an 802.11a radio that has 802.11n enabled, then the client type shows
as 802.11a/n. If the 802.11n client associates to an 802.11b/g radio with 802.11n enabled, then the client
type shows as 802.11b/n.
Step 2
If you want to remove or disable a client, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that client
and choose Remove or Disable, respectively. If you want to test the connection between the client and
the access point, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that client and choose Link Test.
Create a filter to display only clients that meet certain criteria (such as the MAC address, status, or radio type) as follows:
a) Click Change Filter to open the Search Clients dialog box.
b) Select one or more of the following check boxes to specify the criteria used when displaying clients:
MAC AddressEnter a client MAC address.
Note
When you enable the MAC address filter, the other filters are disabled automatically. When you enable
any of the other filters, the MAC address filter is disabled automatically.
AP NameEnter the name of an access point.
WLAN ProfileChoose one of the available WLAN profiles from the drop-down list.
StatusSelect the Associated, Authenticated, Excluded, and/or Idle check boxes.
Radio TypeChoose 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11an, 802.11bn or Mobile.
WGBEnter the WGB clients associated to the controllers access points.
c) Click Apply. The Current Filter parameter at the top of the Clients page shows the filters that are currently applied.
Note
If you want to remove the filters and display the entire client list, click Clear
Filter.
Step 3
Click the MAC address of the client to view detailed information for a specific client. The Clients > Detail page appears.
This page shows the following information:
503
Configuring the LED State for Access Points in a Network Globally (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
Select the LED state check box.
Choose Enable from the drop-down list adjacent to this check box.
Click Apply.
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Configuring the LED State for Access Point in a Network Globally (CLI)
Set the LED state for all access points associated with a controller by entering this command:
config ap led-state {enable | disable} all
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs and then the name of the desired access point.
Choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
Select the LED state check box.
Choose Enable from the drop-down list adjacent to this text box.
Click Apply.
Determine the ID of the access point for which you want to configure the LED state by entering this command:
show ap summary
Step 2
505
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CHAPTER
507
End-to-end security within the mesh network is supported by employing Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES) encryption between the wireless mesh access points and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) clients.
This document also outlines radio frequency (RF) components to consider when designing an outdoor network.
Controller software release 7.0.116.0 and later releases support these Cisco Aironet mesh access points:
Cisco Aironet 1520 series outdoor mesh access points consist of the 1522 dual-radio mesh access point
and the 1524PS/Serial Backhaul multi-radio mesh access point.
Note
AP1130 and AP1240 must be converted to operate as indoor mesh access points. See
the Converting Indoor Access Points to Mesh Access Points.
Cisco Aironet 1550 series outdoor mesh access points consist of these models:
1552E
1552C
1552I
1552H
1552EU
1552CU
In the 7.0.98.0 release, indoor mesh is available on Cisco Aironet 1130 and 1240 series access points. In the
7.0.116.0 release, indoor mesh is also available on 11n access points (Cisco Aironet 1040, 1140, 1250, 1260,
3500 and 3600 series access points). Indoor mesh is not supported with 802.11b/g only access points because
5 GHz is required for mesh backhaul access.
Additional References
Related Topic
Document Title
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Related Topic
Document Title
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/technology/
mesh/7.0MR1/design/guide/MeshAP_70MR1.html
Network Access
Wireless mesh networks can simultaneously carry two different traffic types: wireless LAN client traffic and
MAP Ethernet port traffic.
Wireless LAN client traffic terminates on the controller, and the Ethernet traffic terminates on the Ethernet
ports of the mesh access points.
Access to the wireless LAN mesh for mesh access points is managed by the following:
MAC authenticationMesh access points are added to a database to ensure that they are allowed access
to a given controller and the mesh network. See the Converting Indoor Access Points to Mesh Access
Points section.
External RADIUS authenticationMesh access points can be externally authorized to use a RADIUS
server such as Cisco ACS 4.1 and later releases that support the client authentication type of EAP-FAST
with certificates. See the Configuring RADIUS Servers section.
509
Network Segmentation
Membership to the wireless LAN mesh network for mesh access points is controlled by the bridge group
names (BGNs). Mesh access points can be placed in similar bridge groups to manage membership or provide
network segmentation. See the Configuring Antenna Gain section.
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Note
In the 6.0 release, the AP1524SB access point was launched in A, C and N domains. In
the 7.0 release, the AP1524SB access point is launched also in -E, -M, -K, -S, and -T
domains.
Cisco 1500 series mesh access points are the core components of the wireless mesh deployment. AP1500s
are configured by both the controller (GUI and CLI) and Cisco WCS. Communication between outdoor mesh
access points (MAPs and RAPs) is over the 802.11a/n radio backhaul. Client traffic is generally transmitted
over the 802.11b/g/n radio (802.11a/n can also be configured to accept client traffic), and public safety traffic
(AP1524PS only) is transmitted over the 4.9-GHz radio.
The mesh access point can also operate as a relay node for other access points not directly connected to a
wired network. Intelligent wireless routing is provided by the Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol (AWPP). This
Cisco protocol enables each mesh access point to identify its neighbors and intelligently choose the optimal
path to the wired network by calculating the cost of each path in terms9 of the signal strength and the number
of hops required to get to a controller.
AP1500s are manufactured in two different configurations: cable and noncable.
The cable configuration can be mounted to a cable strand and supports power-over-cable (POC).
The noncable configuration supports multiple antennas. It can be mounted to a pole or building wall
and supports several power options.
Uplinks support includes Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T) and a small form-factor (SFP) slot that can be
plugged for a fiber or cable modem interface. Both single mode and multimode SFPs up to 1000BASE-BX
are supported. The cable modem can be DOCSIS 2.0 or DOCSIS/EuroDOCSIS 3.0 depending upon the type
of mesh access point.
AP1500s are available in a hazardous location hardware enclosure. When configured, the AP1500 complies
with safety standards for Class I, Division 2, Zone 2 hazardous locations.
Cisco 3500 series outdoor access points support clean air in a mesh backhaul at 5 GHz frequency and provides
only the IDR and AQI reports. These access points work similar to other access points.
Note
See the Cisco Aironet 1520 Series Lightweight Outdoor Access Point Ordering Guide for power, mounting,
antenna, and regulatory support by model: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5679/
ps8368/product_data_sheet0900aecd8066a157.html
511
Note
Wireless Backhaul
In a Cisco wireless backhaul network, traffic can be bridged between MAPs and RAPs. Outdoor Mesh AP
and indoor AP converted to MAP mode are supported if CAPWAP over CAPWAP using ethernet bridging
is supported. Both, local and flexconnect modes are support in MAP using ethernet bridging. This traffic can
be from wired devices that are being bridged by the wireless mesh or CAPWAP traffic from the mesh access
points. This traffic is always AES encrypted when it crosses a wireless mesh link such as a wireless backhaul.
AES encryption is established as part of the mesh access point neighbor relationship with other mesh access
points. The encryption keys used between mesh access points are derived during the EAP authentication
process.
Only 5 GHz backhaul is possible on all mesh access points except 1522 in which either 2.4 or 5 GHz radio
can be configured as a backhaul radio (see Configuring Advanced Features).
Universal Access
You can configure the backhaul on mesh access points to accept client traffic over its 802.11a radio. This
feature is identified as Backhaul Client Access in the controller GUI (Monitor > Wireless). When this feature
is disabled, backhaul traffic is transmitted only over the 802.11a or 802.11a/n radio and client association is
allowed only over the 802.11b/g or 802.11b/g/n radio. For more information about the configuration, see the
Configuring Advanced Features section.
OL-27510-01
This figure shows a simple deployment with one RAP and two MAPs, but this configuration is fundamentally
a wireless mesh with no WLAN clients. Client access can still be provided with Ethernet bridging enabled,
although if bridging between buildings, MAP coverage from a high rooftop might not be suitable for client
access.
Figure 53: Point-to-Multipoint Bridging Example
For security reasons the Ethernet port on the MAPs is disabled by default. It can be enabled only by configuring
Ethernet Bridging on the Root and the respective MAPs.
513
12000
3 minutes
disabled
enabled
disabled
Mesh Security
Security Mode.................................
External-Auth.................................
Use MAC Filter in External AAA server.........
Force External Authentication.................
EAP
disabled
disabled
disabled
4
10
20
12
60
10
60 minutes
3
60 minutes
Note
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To estimate the range, you can use range calculators that are available at:
Cisco 1520 Series Outdoor Mesh Range Calculation Utility: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/
ps8368/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html
Range Calculator for 1550 Series Outdoor Mesh Access Points: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/
products/ps11451/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html
515
Architecture Overview
Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP)
CAPWAP is the provisioning and control protocol used by the controller to manage access points (mesh and
nonmesh) in the network. This protocol replaces LWAPP in controller software 5.2 or later releases.
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A neighbor access point is within the radio frequency (RF) range of another access point but is not
selected as its parent or a child because its ease values are lower than that of the parent.
Figure 55: Parent, Child, and Neighbor Access Points
Design Considerations
Each outdoor wireless mesh deployment is unique, and each environment has its own challenges with available
locations, obstructions, and available network infrastructure. Design requirements driven by expected users,
traffic, and availability needs are also major design criteria. This section describes important design
considerations and provides an example of a wireless mesh design.
517
Data rates also affect the RF coverage and network performance. Lower data rates, for example 6 Mbps, can
extend farther from the access point than can higher data rates, for example 300 Mbps. As a result, the data
rate affects cell coverage and consequently the number of access points required. Different data rates are
achieved by sending a more redundant signal on the wireless link, allowing data to be easily recovered from
noise. The number of symbols sent out for a packet at the 1-Mbps data rate is higher than the number of
symbols used for the same packet at 11 Mbps. Therefore, sending data at the lower bit rates takes more time
than sending the equivalent data at a higher bit rate, resulting in reduced throughput.
A lower bit rate might allow a greater distance between MAPs, but there are likely to be gaps in the WLAN
client coverage, and the capacity of the backhaul network is reduced. An increased bit rate for the backhaul
network either requires more MAPs or results in a reduced SNR between MAPs, limiting mesh reliability and
interconnection. For more information about configuring wireless backhaul data rate.
Note
The data rate can be set on the backhaul on a per AP basis. It is not a global command.
Table 24: Backhaul Data Rates and Minimum LinkSNR Requirements
54
31
48
29
36
26
24
22
18
18
12
16
15
14
The required minimum LinkSNR value is driven by the data rate and the following formula: Minimum
SNR + fade margin.
Minimum SNR refers to an ideal state of noninterference, nonnoise, and a system packet error rate
(PER) of no more than 10 percent.
Typical fade margin is approximately 9 to 10 dB.
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Fade Margin =
Minimum Required
LinkSNR (dB)
14
15
12
16
18
18
24
13
22
36
17
26
If you take into account the effect of MRC for calculating Minimum Required Link SNR.
LinkSNR = Minimum SNR - MRC + Fade Margin (9 dB)
This table shows the required Link SNR for 802.11a/g (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) for AP1552 and 1522 with 3 Rx
antennas (MRC gain).
Table 26: Required Link SNR Calculations for 802.11a/g
802.11a/g MCS
(Mbps)
Modulation
Minimum SNR
(dB)
Fade Margin
(dB)
Required Link
SNR (dB)
BPSK 1/2
4.7
9.3
BPSK 3/4
4.7
10.3
12
QPSK 1/2
4.7
11.3
18
QPSK 3/4
4.7
13.3
24
16QAM 1/2
13
4.7
17.3
36
16QAM 3/4
17
4.7
21.3
48
64QAM 2/3
20
4.7
24.3
54
64QAM 3/4
22
4.7
26.3
This table shows Link SNR requirements with AP1552 for 2.4 and 5 GHz.
519
Table 27: Requirements for Link SNR with AP1552 for 2.4 and 5 GHz
Note
No. of
11n MCS
Spatial
Streams
Modulation
Minimum SNR
(dB)
Fade Margin
(dB)
Link SNR
(dB)
MCS 0
BPSK 1/2
4.7
9.3
MCS 1
QPSK 1/2
4.7
11.3
MCS 2
QPSK 3/4
4.7
13.3
MCS 3
16QAM 1/2
13
4.7
17.3
MCS 4
16QAM 3/4
17
4.7
21.3
MCS 5
64QAM 2/3
20
4.7
24.3
MCS 6
64QAM 3/4
22
4.7
26.3
MCS 7
64QAM 5/6
23
4.7
27.3
MCS 8
BPSK 1/2
1.7
12.3
MCS 9
QPSK 1/2
1.7
14.3
MCS 10
QPSK 3/4
1.7
16.3
MCS 11
16QAM 1/2
13
1.7
20.3
MCS 12
16QAM 3/4
17
1.7
24.3
MCS 13
64QAM 2/3
20
1.7
27.3
MCS 14
64QAM 3/4
22
1.7
29.3
MCS 15
64QAM 5/6
23
1.7
30.3
With two spatial streams, the MRC gain is halved, that is the MRC gain is reduced by 3 dB. This is because
the system has 10 log (3/2 SS) instead of 10 log (3/1 SS). If there were to have been 3 SS with 3 RX, then
the MRC gain would have been zero.
Number of backhaul hops is limited to eight but we recommend three to four hops.
The number of hops is recommended to be limited to three or four primarily to maintain sufficient
backhaul throughput, because each mesh access point uses the same radio for transmission and reception
of backhaul traffic, which means that throughput is approximately halved over every hop. For example,
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the maximum throughput for 24 Mbps is approximately 14 Mbps for the first hop, 9 Mbps for the second
hop, and 4 Mbps for the third hop.
Number of MAPs per RAP.
There is no current software limitation on how many MAPs per RAP you can configure. However, it is
suggested that you limit the number to 20 MAPs per RAP.
Number of controllers
The number of controllers per mobility group is limited to 72.
Number of mesh access points supported per controller.
ClientLink Technology
Many networks still support a mix of 802.11a/g and 802.11n clients. Because 802.11a/g clients (legacy clients)
operate at lower data rates, the older clients can reduce the capacity of the entire network. Ciscos ClientLink
technology can help solve problems related to adoption of 802.11n in mixed-client networks by ensuring that
802.11a/g clients operate at the best possible rates, especially when they are near cell boundaries.
Advanced signal processing has been added to the Wi-Fi chipset. Multiple transmit antennas are used to focus
transmissions in the direction of the 802.11a/g client, increasing the downlink signal-to-noise ratio and the
data rate over range, thereby reducing coverage holes and enhancing the overall system performance. This
technology learns the optimum way to combine the signal received from a client and then uses this information
to send packets in an optimum way back to the client. This technique is also referred to as MIMO (multiple-input
multiple-output) beamforming, transmit beamforming, or cophasing, and it is the only enterprise-class and
service provider-class solution in the market that does not require expensive antenna arrays.
The 802.11n systems take advantage of multipath by sending multiple radio signals simultaneously. Each of
these signals, called a spatial stream, is sent from its own antenna using its own transmitter. Because there is
some space between these antennas, each signal follows a slightly different path to the receiver, a situation
called spatial diversity. The receiver has multiple antennas as well, each with its own radio that independently
decodes the arriving signals, and each signal is combined with signals from the other receiver radios. This
results in multiple data streams receiving at the same time. This enables a higher throughput than previous
802.11a/g systems, but requires an 802.11n capable client to decipher the signal. Therefore, both AP and
client need to support this capability. Due to the complexity of issues, in the first generation of mainstream
802.11n chipsets, neither the AP nor client chipsets implemented 802.11n transmit beamforming. Therefore,
the 802.11n standard transmit beamforming will be available eventually, but not until the next generation of
chipsets take hold in the market. We intend to lead in this area going forward.
For the current generation of 802.11n APs, while the second transmit path was being well utilized for 802.11n
clients (to implement spatial diversity), it was not being fully used for 802.11a/g clients. For 802.11 a/g clients,
some of the capabilities of the extra transmit path was lying idle. In addition, for many networks, the
performance of the installed 802.11 a/g client base would be a limiting factor on the network.
ClientLink uses advanced signal processing techniques and multiple transmit paths to optimize the signal
received by 802.11a/g clients in the downlink direction without requiring feedback. Because no special
feedback is required, Cisco ClientLink works with all existing 802.11a/g clients.
Cisco ClientLink technology effectively enables the access point to optimize the SNR exactly at the position
where the client is placed. ClientLink provides a gain of almost 4 dB in the downlink direction. Improved
SNR yields many benefits, such as a reduced number of retries and higher data rates. For example, a client at
the edge of the cell that might previously have been capable of receiving packets at 12 Mbps could now receive
521
them at 36 Mbps. Typical measurements of downlink performance with ClientLink show as much as 65
percent greater throughput for 802.11a/g clients. By allowing the Wi-Fi system to operate at higher data rates
and with fewer retries, ClientLink increases the overall capacity of the system, which means an efficient use
of spectrum resources.
ClientLink in the 1552 access points is based on ClientLink capability available in AP3500s. Therefore, the
access point has the ability to beamform well to nearby clients and to update beamforming information on
802.11ACKs. Therefore, even if there is no dedicated uplink traffic, the ClientLink works well, which is
beneficial to both TCP and UDP traffic streams. There are no RSSI watermarks, which the client has to cross
to take advantage of this Beamforming with Cisco 802.11n access points.
ClientLink can beamform to 15 clients at a time. Therefore, the host must select the best 15 if the number of
legacy clients exceeds 15 per radio. AP1552 has two radios, which means that up to 30 clients can be
beamformed in time domain.
Although ClientLink is applied to legacy OFDM portions of packets, which refers to 11a/g rates (not 11b)
for both indoor and outdoor 802.11n access points, there is one difference between ClientLink for indoor 11n
and ClientLink for outdoor 11n. For indoor 11n access points, SW limits the affected rates to 24, 36, 48, and
54 Mbps. To avoid clients sticking to a far away AP in an indoor environment. SW also does not allow
ClientLink to work for those rates for 11n clients because the throughput gain is so minimal. However, there
is a demonstrable gain for pure legacy clients. For outdoor 11n access points, three more additional legacy
data rates lower than 24 Mbps have been added. ClientLink for outdoors is applicable to legacy data rates of
9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps.
Step 1
Step 2
Globally enable or disable beamforming on your 802.11a or 802.11g network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} beamforming global {enable | disable}
The default value is disabled.
After you enable beamforming on the network, it is automatically enabled for all the radios applicable to that
network type.
Override the global configuration and enable or disable beamforming for a specific access point by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} beamforming ap Cisco_AP {enable | disable}
Note
Step 3
The default value is disabled if beamforming is disabled on the network and enabled if beamforming is enabled on the
network.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
See the beamforming status for your network by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b}
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Step 7
See the beamforming status for a specific access point by entering this command:
show ap config {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP
Information similar to the following appears:
Cisco AP Identifier.............................. 14
Cisco AP Name.................................... 1250-1
Country code..................................... US - United States
Regulatory Domain allowed by Country............. 802.11bg:-A
802.11a:-A
...
Phy OFDM parameters
Configuration ............................. AUTOMATIC
Current Channel ........................... 149
Extension Channel ......................... NONE
Channel Width.............................. 20 Mhz
Allowed Channel List....................... 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,
......................................... 104,108,112,116,132,136,140,
......................................... 149,153,157,161,165
TI Threshold .............................. -50
Legacy Tx Beamforming Configuration ....... CUSTOMIZED
Legacy Tx Beamforming ..................... ENABLED
523
To show that ClientLink is Beamforming to a particular client, enter the show interface dot11radio
1 lbf rbf command.
The output is displayed as follows:
RBF Table:
Index
Client MAC
1
0040.96BA.45A0
Reserved
Yes
Valid
Yes
Tx BF
Yes
Aging
No
Controller Planning
The following items affect the number of controllers required in a mesh network:
Mesh access points (RAPs and MAPs) in the network.
The wired network that connects the RAP and controllers can affect the total number of access points
supported in the network. If this network allows the controllers to be equally available to all access
points without any impact on WLAN performance, the access points can be evenly distributed across
all controllers for maximum efficiency. If this is not the case, and controllers are grouped into various
clusters or PoPs, the overall number of access points and coverage are reduced.
Number of mesh access points (RAPs and MAPs) supported per controller.
For clarity, nonmesh access points are referred to as local access points in this document.
Table 28: Mesh Access Point Support by Controller Model
6
Controller Model
Maximum Possible
Mesh AP Support
55087
500
500
25048
50
50
WiSM2
500
500
6 Local AP support is the total number of nonmesh APs supported on the controller model.
7 For 5508, 2112, and 2125 controllers, the number of MAPs is equal to (local AP support - number of RAPs).
8 For 2504.
Note
The Wireless LAN Controller modules NM and NME now support mesh 1520 series access points from
Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) software release 5.2 and later releases.
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Note
Mesh is fully supported on Cisco 5508 Controllers. The Base License (LIC-CT508-Base) is sufficient for
indoor and outdoor APs (AP152X). The WPlus License (LIC-WPLUS-SW) is merged with the base
license. The WPlus License is not required for indoor mesh APs. Mesh APs (MAPs/RAPs) are counted
as full APs on Cisco 5508 Controllers. With other controller platforms, MAPs are counted as half APs.
Data Plane Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is not supported on mesh access points.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Add the radio or ethernet MAC address of the mesh access point to the controllers MAC filter. See the Adding MAC
Addresses of Mesh Access Points to the MAC Filter, on page 525.
Define the role (RAP or MAP) for the mesh access point. See the Defining Mesh Access Point Role, on page 527.
Configure a primary, secondary, and tertiary controller for each mesh access point. See the Configuring Multiple
Controllers Using DHCP 43 and DHCP 60, on page 529.
Configure a backup controller. See the Configuring Backup Controllers, on page 530.
Configure external authentication of MAC addresses using an external RADIUS server. See the Configuring External
Authentication and Authorization Using a RADIUS Server, on page 535.
Configure global mesh parameters. See the Configuring Global Mesh Parameters, on page 538.
Configure universal client access. Configuring universal client access is part of the Configuring Advanced Features
section. See the Universal Client Access, on page 565.
Configure local mesh parameters. See the Configuring Local Mesh Parameters, on page 543.
Configure mobility groups (if desired) and assign controllers. See Chapter 12, Configuring Mobility Groups.
Note
You can also download the list of mesh access point MAC addresses and push them to the controller using
the Cisco Prime Infrastructure. For more information, see the Cisco Prime Infrastructure documentation.
525
Adding the MAC Address of the Mesh Access Point to the Controller Filter List (GUI)
Step 1
Choose Security > AAA > MAC Filtering. The MAC Filtering page appears.
Figure 56: MAC Filtering Page
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 8
In the Description field, specify a description of the mesh access point. The text that you enter identifies the mesh access
point on the controller.
Note
You might want to include an abbreviation of its name and the last few digits of the MAC address, such as
ap1522:62:39:10. You can also note details on its location such as roof top, pole top, or its cross streets.
From the Interface Name drop-down list, choose the controller interface to which the mesh access point is to connect.
Click Apply to commit your changes. The mesh access point now appears in the list of MAC filters on the MAC Filtering
page.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 9
Repeat this procedure to add the MAC addresses of additional mesh access points to the list.
Step 6
Step 7
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Adding the MAC Address of the Mesh Access Point to the Controller Filter List (CLI)
Step 1
To add the MAC address of the mesh access point to the controller filter list, enter this command:
config macfilter add ap_mac wlan_id interface [description]
A value of zero (0) for the wlan_id parameter specifies any WLAN, and a value of zero (0) for the interface parameter
specifies none. You can enter up to 32 characters for the optional description parameter.
Step 2
527
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click the name of an access point. The All APs > Details (General) page appears.
Click the Mesh tab.
Figure 57: All APs > Details for (Mesh) Page
Step 4
Step 5
Click Apply to commit your changes and to cause the access point to reboot.
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Cisco
Cisco
Cisco
Cisco
1550
1520
1240
1130
series
series
series
series
access
access
access
access
points,
points,
points,
points,
enter
enter
enter
enter
Cisco AP c1550
Cisco AP c1520
Cisco AP c1240
Cisco AP c1130
529
The resulting Cisco IOS command added to the DHCP scope is listed below:
option 43 hex f1080a7e7e020a7f7f02
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take a long time to join the failover controller because the mesh access point starts the discovery process
in LWAPP and then changes to CAPWAP discovery.
Step 1
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
Figure 58: Global Configuration Page
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
If you want to specify a secondary backup controller for all access points, specify the IP address of the secondary backup
controller in the Back-up Secondary Controller IP Address field and the name of the controller in the Back-up Secondary
Controller Name field.
531
Note
The default value for the IP address is 0.0.0.0, which disables the secondary backup controller.
Step 5
Step 6
If you want to configure primary, secondary, and tertiary backup controllers for a specific point, follow these steps:
a) Choose Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
b) Click the name of the access point for which you want to configure primary, secondary, and tertiary backup controllers.
c) Click the High Availability tab.
Figure 59: All APs > Details for (High Availability) Page
d) If desired, specify the name and IP address of the primary backup controller for this access point in the Primary
Controller fields.
Note
Specifying an IP address for the backup controller is optional in this step and the next two steps. If the backup
controller is outside the mobility group to which the mesh access point is connected (the primary controller),
then you need to provide the IP address of the primary, secondary, or tertiary controller, respectively. The
controller name and IP address must belong to the same primary, secondary, or tertiary controller. Otherwise,
the mesh access point cannot join the backup controller.
e) If desired, specify the name and IP address of the secondary backup controller for this mesh access point in the
Secondary Controller fields.
f) If desired, specify the name and IP address of the tertiary backup controller for this mesh access point in the Tertiary
Controller fields.
g) No change is required to the AP Failover Priority value. The default value for mesh access points is critical and it
cannot be modified.
h) Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 7
Step 1
To configure a primary controller for a specific mesh access point, enter this command:
config ap primary-base controller_name Cisco_AP [controller_ip_address]
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The controller_ip_address parameter in this command and the next two commands is optional. If the backup
controller is outside the mobility group to which the mesh access point is connected (the primary controller),
then you need to provide the IP address of the primary, secondary, or tertiary controller, respectively. In each
command, the controller_name and controller_ip_address must belong to the same primary, secondary, or
tertiary controller. Otherwise, the mesh access point cannot join the backup controller.
To configure a secondary controller for a specific mesh access point, enter this command:
config ap secondary-base controller_name Cisco_AP [controller_ip_address]
Note
Step 2
Step 3
To configure a tertiary controller for a specific mesh access point, enter this command:
config ap tertiary-base controller_name Cisco_AP [controller_ip_address]
Step 4
To configure a primary backup controller for all mesh access points, enter this command:
config advanced backup-controller primary backup_controller_name backup_controller_ip_address
Step 5
To configure a secondary backup controller for all mesh access points, enter this command:
config advanced backup-controller secondary backup_controller_name backup_controller_ip_address
Note
Step 6
To delete a primary or secondary backup controller entry, enter 0.0.0.0 for the controller IP address.
To configure the mesh access point primary discovery request timer, enter this command:
config advanced timers ap-primary-discovery-timeout interval
where interval is a value between 30 and 3600 seconds. The default value is 120 seconds.
Step 7
To configure the mesh access point discovery timer, enter this command:
config advanced timers ap-discovery-timeout interval
where interval is a value between 1 and 10 seconds (inclusive). The default value is 10 seconds.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
1
AP5
US - United States
802.11bg:-AB
802.11a:-AB
US - United States
802.11bg:-A
802.11a:-N
1
00:13:80:60:48:3e
533
IP Address Configuration.........................
IP Address.......................................
...
Primary Cisco Switch Name........................
Primary Cisco Switch IP Address..................
Secondary Cisco Switch Name......................
Secondary Cisco Switch IP Address................
Tertiary Cisco Switch Name.......................
Tertiary Cisco Switch IP Address.................
DHCP
1.100.163.133
1-4404
2.2.2.2
1-4404
2.2.2.2
2-4404
1.1.1.4
Information similar to the following appears for the show advanced backup-controller command:
AP primary Backup Controller .................... controller1 10.10.10.10
AP secondary Backup Controller ............... 0.0.0.0
Information similar to the following appears for the show advanced timers command:
Authentication Response Timeout (seconds)........
Rogue Entry Timeout (seconds)....................
AP Heart Beat Timeout (seconds)..................
AP Discovery Timeout (seconds)...................
AP Primary Discovery Timeout (seconds)...........
10
1300
30
10
120
Information similar to the following appears for the show mesh config command:
Mesh Range....................................... 12000
Backhaul with client access status............... disabled
Background Scanning State........................ enabled
Mesh Security
Security Mode................................. EAP
External-Auth................................. disabled
Use MAC Filter in External AAA server......... disabled
Force External Authentication................. disabled
Mesh Alarm Criteria
Max Hop Count................................. 4
Recommended Max Children for MAP.............. 10
Recommended Max Children for RAP.............. 20
Low Link SNR.................................. 12
High Link SNR................................. 60
Max Association Number........................ 10
Association Interval.......................... 60 minutes
Parent Change Numbers......................... 3
Parent Change Interval........................ 60 minutes
Mesh Multicast Mode.............................. In-Out
Mesh Full Sector DFS............................. enabled
Mesh Ethernet Bridging VLAN Transparent Mode..... enabled
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Note
If mesh access points connect to a controller using a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet
interface, only MAC authorization is required.
Note
This feature also supports local EAP and PSK authentication on the controller.
Step 1
Download the CA certificates for Cisco Root CA 2048 from the following locations:
http://www.cisco.com/security/pki/certs/crca2048.cer
http://www.cisco.com/security/pki/certs/cmca.cer
Step 2
Step 3
535
c) Click Submit.
d) To restart ACS, choose System Configuration > Service Control, and then click Restart.
For additional configuration details on Cisco ACS servers, see the following:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/secursw/ps2086/products_installation_and_configuration_guides_list.html
(Windows)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/secursw/ps4911/<?Line-Break?><?HardReturn?>(UNIX)
Note
The Authentication MAC address is different for outdoor versus indoor APs. Outdoor APs use the AP's
BVI MAC address, whereas indoor APs use the AP's Gigabit Ethernet MAC address.
Note
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Step 1
Step 2
In the security section, select the EAP option from the Security Mode drop-down list.
Step 3
Select the Enabled check boxes for the External MAC Filter Authorization and Force External Authentication options.
Step 4
Click Apply.
Step 5
537
Step 1
Step 2
Parameter
Description
The optimum distance (in feet) that should exist between the root access
point (RAP) and the mesh access point (MAP). This global parameter
applies to all mesh access points when they join the controller and all
existing mesh access points in the network.
Range: 150 to 132,000 feet
Default: 12,000 feet
Note
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Parameter
Description
When you enable this feature, IDS reports are generated for all traffic on
the client access only and not on the backhaul.
When you disable this feature, no IDS reports are generated, which preserves
bandwidth on the backhaul.
You have to use the following command to enable or disable it on the mesh
APs:
config mesh ids-state {enable | disable}
Note
VLAN Transparent
This feature determines how a mesh access point handles VLAN tags for
Ethernet bridged traffic.
If VLAN Transparent is enabled, then VLAN tags are not handled and
packets are bridged as untagged packets.
No configuration of Ethernet ports is required when VLAN
transparent is enabled. The Ethernet port passes both tagged and
untagged frames without interpreting the frames.
If VLAN Transparent is disabled, then all packets are handled according
to the VLAN configuration on the port (trunk, access, or normal mode).
Note
539
Parameter
Description
Security Mode
Defines the security mode for mesh access points: Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
or Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).
EAP must be selected if external MAC filter authorization using
a RADIUS server is configured.
Note
Local EAP or PSK authentication is performed within the controller
if the External MAC Filter Authorization parameter is disabled
(check box unchecked).
Options: PSK or EAP
Note
Default: EAP
External MAC Filter Authorization
MAC filtering uses the local MAC filter on the controller by default.
When external MAC filter authorization is enabled, if the MAC address is
not found in the local MAC filter, then the MAC address in the external
RADIUS server is used.
This protects your network against rogue mesh access points by preventing
mesh access points that are not defined on the external server from joining.
Before employing external authentication within the mesh network, the
following configuration is required:
The RADIUS server to be used as an AAA server must be configured
on the controller.
The controller must also be configured on the RADIUS server.
The mesh access point configured for external authorization and
authentication must be added to the user list of the RADIUS server.
For remote authorization and authentication, EAP-FAST uses
the manufacturers certificate (CERT) to authenticate the child
mesh access point. Additionally, this manufacturer
certificate-based identity serves as the username for the mesh
access point in user validation.
For IOS-based mesh access points (1130, 1240, 1522, 1524),
the platform name of the mesh access point is located in front
of its Ethernet address within the certificate; therefore, their
username for external RADIUS servers is
platform_name_stringEthernet MAC address such as
c1520-001122334455.
The certificates must be installed and EAP-FAST must be configured
on the RADIUS server.
Note
Default: Disabled.
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Parameter
Description
When enabled along with EAP and External MAC Filter Authorization
parameters, external authorization and authentication of mesh access points
is done by default by an external RADIUS server (such as Cisco 4.1 and
later). The RADIUS server overrides local authentication of the MAC
address by the controller which is the default.
Default: Disabled.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 1
See the Configuring Global Mesh Parameters (GUI) for descriptions, valid ranges, and default values of
the parameters used in the CLI commands.
To specify the maximum range (in feet) of all mesh access points in the network, enter this command:
config mesh range feet
To see the current range, enter the show mesh range command.
Step 2
To enable or disable IDS reports for all traffic on the backhaul, enter this command:
config mesh ids-state {enable | disable}
Step 3
To specify the rate (in Mbps) at which data is shared between access points on the backhaul interface, enter this command:
config ap bhrate {rate | auto} Cisco_AP
Step 4
To enable or disable client association on the primary backhaul (802.11a) of a mesh access point, enter these commands:
config mesh client-access {enable | disable}
config ap wlan {enable | disable} 802.11a Cisco_AP
config ap wlan {add | delete} 802.11a wlan_id Cisco_AP
Step 5
Step 6
To define a security mode for the mesh access point, enter one of the following commands:
a) To provide local authentication of the mesh access point by the controller, enter this command:
config mesh security {eap | psk}
b) To store the MAC address filter in an external RADIUS server for authentication instead of the controller (local),
enter these commands:
541
show mesh ids-stateShows the status of the IDS reports on the backhaul as either enabled or disabled.
Example:
show mesh ids-state
Outdoor Mesh IDS(Rogue/Signature Detect): .... Disabled
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12000
3 minutes
disabled
enabled
disabled
Mesh Security
Security Mode.................................
External-Auth.................................
Use MAC Filter in External AAA server.........
Force External Authentication.................
EAP
disabled
disabled
disabled
4
10
20
12
60
10
60 minutes
3
60 minutes
543
use of the available RF spectrum. The rate can also affect the throughput of client devices, and throughput is
an important metric used by industry publications to evaluate vendor devices.
Dynamic Rate Adaptation (DRA) introduces a process to estimate optimal transmission rate for packet
transmissions. It is important to select rates correctly. If the rate is too high, packet transmissions fail resulting
in communication failure. If the rate is too low, the available channel bandwidth is not used, resulting in
inferior products, and the potential for catastrophic network congestion and collapse.
Data rates also affect the RF coverage and network performance. Lower data rates, for example 6 Mbps, can
extend farther from the access point than can higher data rates, for example 300 Mbps. As a result, the data
rate affects cell coverage and consequently the number of access points required. Different data rates are
achieved by sending a more redundant signal on the wireless link, allowing data to be easily recovered from
noise. The number of symbols sent out for a packet at the 1-Mbps data rate is higher than the number of
symbols used for the same packet at 11 Mbps. Therefore, sending data at the lower bit rates takes more time
than sending the equivalent data at a higher bit rate, resulting in reduced throughput.
In the controller release 5.2, the default data rate for the mesh 5-GHz backhaul is 24 Mbps. It remains the
same with 6.0 and 7.0 controller releases.
With the 6.0 controller release, mesh backhaul can be configured for Auto data rate. Once configured, the
access point picks the highest rate where the next higher rate cannot be used because of conditions not being
suitable for that rate and not because of conditions that affect all rates. That is, once configured, each link is
free to settle down to the best possible rate for its link quality.
We recommend that you configure the mesh backhaul to Auto.
For example, if mesh backhaul chose 48 Mbps, then this decision is taken after ensuring that we cannot use
54 Mbps as there is not enough SNR for 54 and not because some just turned the microwave oven on which
affects all rates.
A lower bit rate might allow a greater distance between MAPs, but there are likely to be gaps in the WLAN
client coverage, and the capacity of the backhaul network is reduced. An increased bit rate for the backhaul
network either requires more MAPs or results in a reduced SNR between MAPs, limiting mesh reliability and
interconnection.
Note
The data rate can be set on the backhaul on a per-AP basis. It is not a global command.
Use these commands to obtain information about backhaul:
config ap bhrateConfigures the Cisco Bridge backhaul Tx rate.
config ap bhrate backhaul-rate ap-name
Note
Preconfigured data rates for each AP (RAP=18 Mbps, MAP1=36 Mbps) are preserved after the upgrade
to 6.0 or later software releases.??Before you upgrade to the 6.0 release, if you have the backhaul data
rate configured to any data rate, then the configuration is preserved.
The following example shows how to configure a backhaul rate of 36000 Kbps on a RAP:
(Cisco Controller) > config ap bhrate 36000 HPRAP1
show ap bhrateDisplays the Cisco Bridge backhaul rate.
(Cisco Controller) > show ap bhrate ap-name
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show mesh neigh summaryDisplays the link rate summary including the current rate being used in
backhaul
(Cisco Controller) > show mesh neigh summary HPRAP1
AP Name/Radio
Channel
--------------- -------00:0B:85:5C:B9:20 0
00:0B:85:5F:FF:60 0
00:0B:85:62:1E:00 165
OO:0B:85:70:8C:A0 0
HPMAP1
165
HJMAP2
0
Rate
-------auto
auto
auto
auto
54
auto
Link-Snr
------4
4
4
1
40
4
Flags
----0x10e8fcb8
0x10e8fcb8
0x10e8fcb8
0x10e8fcb8
0x36
0x10e8fcb8
State
----BEACON
BEACON DEFAULT
BEACON
BEACON
CHILD BEACON
BEACON
Backhaul capacity and throughput depends upon the type of the AP, that is, if it is 802.11a/n or only 802.11a,
number of backhaul radios it has, and so on.
In AP1524 SB, Slot 2 in the 5-GHz radio in the RAP is used to extend the backhaul in the downlink direction,
whereas Slot 2 in the 5-GHz radio in the MAP is used for backhaul in the uplink. We recommend using a
directional antenna with the Slot 2 radio. MAPs extend Slot 1 radio in the downlink direction with Omni or
directional antenna also providing client access. Client access can be provided on the Slot 2 radio from the
7.0 release onwards.
AP1524SB provides you with better throughput, and throughput rarely degrades after the first hop. The
performance of AP1524SB is better than AP1522 and AP1524PS because these APs have only a single radio
for the backhaul uplink and downlink.
Table 30: AP1552 Backhaul capacity
HOPS
RAP
One
Two
Three
Four
112 Mbps
83 Mbps
41 Mbps
25 Mbps
15 Mbps
206 Mbps
111 Mbps
94 Mbps
49 Mbps
35 Mbps
545
Note
Exceptions are allowed for a few protocols even though Ethernet bridging is disabled. For example, the
following protocols are allowed:
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP)
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) packets
Enable the spanning tree protocol on all connected switch ports to avoid Layer 2 looping.
Ethernet bridging has to be enabled for two scenarios:
1 When you want to use the mesh nodes as bridges.
Note
You do not need to configure VLAN tagging to use Ethernet bridging for point-to-point and
point-to-multipoint bridging deployments.
2 When you want to connect any Ethernet device such as a video camera on the MAP using its Ethernet
port. This is the first step to enable VLAN tagging.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
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A BGN of NULL VALUE is assigned by default by manufacturing. Although not visible to you, it allows a
mesh access point to join the network prior to your assignment of your network-specific BGN.
If you have two RAPs in your network in the same sector (for more capacity), we recommend that you
configure the two RAPs with the same BGN, but on different channels.
Caution
Exercise caution when you configure a BGN on a live network. Always start a BGN
assignment from the farthest-most node (last node, bottom of mesh tree) and move up
toward the RAP to ensure that no mesh access points are dropped due to mixed BGNs
(old and new BGNs) within the same network.
Step 1
Step 2
Click Wireless > Access Points > AP Name. The details page for the selected mesh access point appears.
Click the Mesh tab. Details for the mesh access point including the BGN appears.
547
Note
Those AP1522s with serial numbers prior to FTX1150XXXX do not support 5 and 10 MHz channels
on the 4.9-GHz radio; however, a 20-MHz channel is supported.
Those AP1522s with serial numbers after FTX1150XXXX support 5, 10, and 20 MHz channels.
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To verify that a public safety band is on the mesh access point using the CLI, enter the following
command:
show mesh public-safety
The following is displayed:
Global Public Safety status: enabled
To verify that a public safety band is on the mesh access point using the GUI:
Wireless > Access Points > 802.11a radio > Configure (from the Antenna drop-down list)
549
9
10
11
12
1552, 15229
c3201, c3202101112
1524PS
c3201, c3202
c3201, c3205
Universal access must be enabled on the AP1522 if connecting to a Cisco 3200 on the 802.11a radio or 4.9-GHz band.
Model c3201 is a Cisco 3200 with an 802.11b/g radio (2.4-GHz).
Model c3202 is a Cisco 3200 with a 4-9-GHz subband radio.
Model c3205 is a Cisco 3200 with a 802.11a radio (5.8-GHz subband.
OL-27510-01
Step 1
To enable the backhaul for client access, choose Wireless > Mesh to access the Mesh page.
Step 2
Select the Backhaul Client Access Enabled check box to allow wireless client association over the 802.11a radio. Click
Apply.
Note
You are prompted with a message to allow reboot of all the mesh access points to enable Backhaul Client Access
on a network. Click OK.
Step 3
To assign the channel to use for the backhaul (channels 20 through 26), click Wireless > Access Points > Radio and
select 802.11a/n from the Radio subheading. A summary page for all 802.11a radios displays.
Step 4
At the Antenna drop-down list for the appropriate RAP, select Configure. The Configure page appears.
Step 5
Step 6
At the RF Channel Assignment section, select the WLC Controlled option for the Assignment Method option and select
any channel between 1 and 26.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 7
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
551
save config
Step 5
Enter the show config 802.11-a58 summary command to display configuration details for a 5.8-GHz
radio.
Step 1
Step 2
Select Configure from the Antenna drop-down list for the 802.11a/n radio. The Configure page is displayed.
Note
For the 1524SB, select the Antenna drop-down list for a RAP with a radio role of downlink.
Step 3
Assign a channel (assignment methods of AP Controlled and WLC Controlled) for the radio.
Note
When you assign a channel to the AP1524SB, choose the WLC Controlled assignment method, and select one
of the supported channels for the 5-GHz band.
Assign Tx power levels (AP Controlled and WLC Controlled) for the radio.
There are five selectable power levels for the 802.11a backhaul for AP1500s.
Step 4
Step 5
The default Tx power level on the backhaul is the highest power level (Level
1).
Note
Radio Resource Management (RRM) is OFF (disabled) by default. RRM cannot be turned ON (enabled) for
the backhaul.
Click Apply when power and channel assignment are complete.
Step 6
From the 802.11a/n Radios page, verify that channel assignments were made correctly.
Note
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Step 1
To configure the backhaul channel on the radio in slot 2 of the RAP, enter this command:
config slot 2 channel ap Cisco_RAPSB channel
The available channels for the 5.8-GHz band are 149, 153, 157, 161, and 165.
Step 2
To configure the transmit power level on the radio in slot 2 of the RAP, enter this command:
config slot 2 txPower ap Cisco_RAPSB power
Valid values are 1 through 5; the default value is 1.
Step 3
To display the configurations on the mesh access points, enter these commands:
show mesh path MAP
Information similar to the following appears:
AP Name/Radio
Channel
Rate
Link-Snr
Flags
State
MAP1SB
161
auto
60
0x10ea9d54
RAPSB
153
auto
51
0x10ea9d54
RADIO_TYPE_80211a
ACCESS
ADMIN_ENABLED
UP
1
165
EXTERNAL_ANTENNA
0
RADIO_TYPE_80211a
RADIO_DOWNLINK
ADMIN_ENABLED
UP
3
153
553
11
0
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
161
1
149,153,157,161,165
153
2
149,153,157,161,165
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radio > 802.11a/n to open the 802.11a/n Radios page.
For the mesh access point antenna you want to configure, hover the mouse over the blue arrow (far right) to display
antenna options. Choose Configure.
Note
Only external antennas have configurable gain
settings.
In the Antenna Parameters area, enter the antenna gain.
The gain is entered in 0.5 dBm units. For example, 2.5 dBm = 5.
Note
Step 4
The entered gain value must match that value specified by the vendor for that antenna.
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Note
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
555
Step 4
Step 5
Select the Mesh DCA Channels check box to enable the backhaul channel deselection using the DCA list. This option
is applicable for serial backhaul access points.
After you enable the backhaul deselection option, choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n to configure
the channel for the RAP downlink radio.
From the list of access points, click on the Antenna drop-down list for a RAP and choose Configure.
The Configure page appears.
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 1
To review the channel list already configured in the DCA list, enter the following command:
show advanced 802.11a channel
Information similar to the following appears:
Automatic Channel Assignment
Channel Assignment Mode........................
Channel Update Interval........................
Anchor time (Hour of the day)..................
Channel Update Contribution....................
CleanAir Event-driven RRM option...............
CleanAir Event-driven RRM sensitivity..........
Channel Assignment Leader......................
Last Run.......................................
DCA Sensitivity Level..........................
DCA 802.11n Channel Width......................
DCA Minimum Energy Limit.......................
Channel Energy Levels
Minimum......................................
Average......................................
Maximum......................................
Channel Dwell Times
Minimum......................................
Average......................................
Maximum......................................
802.11a 5 GHz Auto-RF Channel List
AUTO
600 seconds
0
SNI..
Enabled
Medium
09:2b:16:28:00:03
286 seconds ago
MEDIUM (15 dB)
20 MHz
-95 dBm
unknown
unknown
unknown
0 days, 17 h 02 m 05 s
0 days, 17 h 46 m 07 s
0 days, 18 h 28 m 58 s
--More-- or (q)uit
Allowed Channel List......................... 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,116,
140
Unused Channel List.......................... 100,104,108,112,120,124,128,
132,136
DCA Outdoor AP option.......................... Disabled
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Step 2
To add a channel to the DCA list, enter the config advanced 802.11a channel add channel number command, where
channel number is the channel number that you want to add to the DCA list.
You can also delete a channel from the DCA list by entering the config advanced 802.11a channel delete channel
number command, where channel number is the channel number that you want to delete from the DCA list.
Before you add or delete a channel to or from the DCA list, ensure that the 802.11a network is disabled.
To disable the 802.11a network, enter the following command:
config 802.11a disable network
To enable the 802.11a network, enter the following command:
config 802.11a enable network
You cannot directly delete a channel from the DCA list if it is assigned to any 1524 RAP. To delete a channel
assigned to a RAP, you must first change the channel assigned to the RAP and then enter the config advanced
802.11a channel delete channel number command from the controller.
The following is a sample output of the add channel and delete channel commands:
(Controller) >
Disabling the 802.11a network may strand mesh APs. Are you sure you want to continue? (y/n)y
(Controller) >
(Controller) >
557
Step 3
After a suitable DCA list has been created, enter the config mesh backhaul dca-channels enable command to enable
the backhaul channel deselection feature for mesh access points.
You can enter the config mesh backhaul dca-channels disable command if you want to disable the backhaul channel
deselection feature for mesh access points.
It is not required that you disable 802.11a network to enable or disable this feature.
The following is a sample output:
(Controller) > config mesh backhaul dca-channels enable
802.11a 5 GHz Auto-RF:
Allowed Channel List......................... 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,116,
140
Enabling DCA channels for c1524 mesh APs will limit the channel set to the DCA channel list.
DCA list should have at least 3 non public safety channels supported by Serial Backhaul Mesh APs.
Otherwise, the Serial Backhaul Mesh APs can get stranded.
Are you sure you want to continue? (y/N)y
Step 4
(Controller) >
Mesh Range.......................................
Mesh Statistics update period....................
Backhaul with client access status...............
Background Scanning State........................
Backhaul Amsdu State.............................
12000
3 minutes
enabled
enabled
disabled
Mesh Security
Security Mode.................................
External-Auth.................................
Radius Server 1............................
Use MAC Filter in External AAA server.........
Force External Authentication.................
PSK
enabled
209.165.200.240
disabled
disabled
4
10
20
12
60
10
60 minutes
3
--More-- or (q)uit
Parent Change Interval........................ 60 minutes
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Step 5
Enter the config slot slot number channel ap ap-name channel number command to assign a particular channel to the
1524 RAP downlink radio.
slot number refers to the slot of the downlink radio to which the channel is assigned.
ap-name refers to the name of the access point on which the channel is configured.
channel number refers to the channel that is assigned to a slot on the access point.
Slot 2 of the 1524 RAP acts as a downlink radio. If backhaul channel deselection is enabled, you can assign only
those channels that are available in the DCA list the access point.
The following is a sample output:
(Controller) > config slot 2 channel ap Controller-RAP2-1524 136
Mesh backhaul dca-channels is enabled. Choose a channel from the DCA list.
(Controller) > config slot 2 channel ap Controller-RAP2-1524 140
For every serial backhaul AP, channels on downlink and uplink radios should always be noninterfering
(for example, if the uplink is channel 104, the 100, 104, and 108 channels cannot be assigned for a
downlink radio on that AP). An alternate adjacent channel is also selected for an 11a access radio on
RAP.
If radar signals are detected on all channels except the uplink radio channel, the downlink radio will be
shut down and the uplink radio will act as both an uplink and a downlink (that is, the behavior is similar
to 1522 APs in this case).
Radar detection is cleared after 30 minutes. Any radio that is shut down because of radar detection should
be back up and operational after this duration.
559
There is a 60-second silent period immediately after moving to a DFS-enabled channel (irrespective of
whether the channel change is because of radar detection or user configured in case of a RAP) during
which the AP scans for radar signals without transmitting anything. A small period (60 seconds) of
downtime may occur because of radar detection, if the new channel is also DFS-enabled. If radar detection
occurs again on the new channel during the silent period, the parent changes its channel without informing
the child AP because it is not allowed to transmit during the silent period. In this case, the child AP
dissociates and goes back to scan mode, rediscovers the parent on the new channel and then joins back,
which causes a slightly longer (approximately 3 minutes) downtime.
For a RAP, the channel for the downlink radio is always selected from within the DCA list, irrespective
of whether the backhaul channel deselection feature is enabled or not. The behavior is different for a
MAP because the MAP can pick any channel that is allowed for that domain, unless the backhaul channel
deselection feature is enabled. We recommend that you have quite a few channels added to the 802.11a
DCA channel list to prevent any radios getting shut down because of a lack of channels even if the
backhaul channel deselection feature is not in use.
Because the DCA list that was used for the RRM feature is also used for mesh APs through the backhaul
channel deselection feature, keep in mind that any addition or deletion of channels from the DCA list
will affect the channel list input to the RRM feature for nonmesh access points as well. RRM is off for
mesh.
For -M domain APs, a slightly longer time interval (25 to 50 percent more time than usual) may be
required for the mesh network to come up because there is a longer list of DFS-enabled channels in the
-M domain, which each AP scans before joining the parent.
Note
The steps outlined in this section are only relevant to mesh networks.
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > DCA to open the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) > RRM > Dynamic
Channel Assignment (DCA) page.
Step 3
Choose one of the following options from the Channel Assignment Method drop-down list to specify the controllers
DCA mode:
AutomaticCauses the controller to periodically evaluate and, if necessary, update the channel assignment for
all joined mesh access points. This is the default value.
OL-27510-01
FreezeCauses the controller to evaluate and update the channel assignment for all joined mesh access points, if
necessary, but only when you click Invoke Channel Update Once.
Note
The controller does not evaluate and update the channel assignment immediately after you click Invoke
Channel Update Once. It waits for the next interval to elapse.
OFFTurns off DCA and sets all mesh access point radios to the first channel of the band, which is the default
value. If you choose this option, you must manually assign channels on all radios.
Step 4
Step 5
From the Interval drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify how often the DCA algorithm is allowed
to run: 10 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. The default value is 10
minutes.
From the AnchorTime drop-down list, choose a number to specify the time of day when the DCA algorithm is to start.
The options are numbers between 0 and 23 (inclusive) representing the hour of the day from 12:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
Step 6
Select the Avoid Foreign AP Interference check box to cause the controllers RRM algorithms to consider 802.11
traffic from foreign access points (those access points not included in your wireless network) when assigning channels
to lightweight access points, or deselect it to disable this feature. For example, RRM may adjust the channel assignment
to have access points avoid channels close to foreign access points. The default value is checked.
Step 7
Select the Avoid Cisco AP Load check box to cause the controllers RRM algorithms to consider 802.11 traffic from
Cisco lightweight access points in your wireless network when assigning channels, or deselect it to disable this feature.
For example, RRM can assign better reuse patterns to access points that carry a heavier traffic load. The default value
is deselected.
Step 8
Select the Avoid Non-802.11a (802.11b) Noise check box to cause the controllers RRM algorithms to consider noise
(non-802.11 traffic) in the channel when assigning channels to lightweight access points, or deselect it to disable this
feature. For example, RRM may have access points avoid channels with significant interference from nonaccess point
sources, such as microwave ovens. The default value is checked.
From the DCA Channel Sensitivity drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify how sensitive the
DCA algorithm is to environmental changes such as signal, load, noise, and interference when determining whether to
change channels:
Step 9
Option
High
5 dB
5 dB
Medium
10 dB
15 dB
Low
20 dB
20 dB
561
Step 10
For 802.11a/n networks only, choose one of the following Channel Width options to specify the channel bandwidth
supported for all 802.11n radios in the 5-GHz band:
20 MHzThe 20-MHz channel bandwidth (default)
Note
To override the globally configured DCA channel width setting, you can statically configure an access
points radio for 20-MHz mode on the 802.11a/n Cisco APs > Configure page. If you ever change the
static RF channel assignment method to WLC Controlled on the access point radio, the global DCA
configuration overrides the channel width configuration that the access point was previously using.
This page also shows the following nonconfigurable channel parameter settings:
Channel Assignment LeaderThe MAC address of the RF group leader, which is responsible for channel
assignment.
Last Auto Channel AssignmentThe last time RRM evaluated the current channel assignments.
Step 11
In the DCA Channel List section, the DCA Channels field shows the channels that are currently selected. To choose a
channel, select its check box in the Select column. To exclude a channel, deselect its check box.
Range: ?802.11a36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 132, 136, 140, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 190,
196?802.11b/g1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Default:?802.11a36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 132, 136, 140, 149, 153, 157, 161?802.11b/g1,
6, 11
Note
Step 12
These extended UNII-2 channels in the 802.11a band do not appear in the channel list: 100, 104, 108, 112, 116,
132, 136, and 140. If you have Cisco Aironet 1500 series mesh access points in the -E regulatory domain, you
must include these channels in the DCA channel list before you start operation. If you are upgrading from a
previous release, verify that these channels are included in the DCA channel list. To include these channels in
the channel list, select the Extended UNII-2 Channels check box.
If you are using AP1500s in your network, you must set the 4.9-GHz channels in the 802.11a band on which they are to
operate. The 4.9-GHz band is for public safety client access traffic only. To choose a 4.9-GHz channel, select its check
box in the Select column. To exclude a channel, deselect its check box.
Range: ?802.11a1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
Default:?802.11a20, 26
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
OL-27510-01
Caution
This feature is available only for AP1522 (two radios). This feature should be used only after exploring
the 5-GHz backhaul option.
Caution
We recommend that you use 5 GHz as the first option and use 2.4 GHz only if the 5-GHz option does not
work.
563
Note
The 2.4-GHz backhaul cannot be configured using the controller user interface, but only through the CLI.
1 To change the backhaul, enter the following command:
config mesh backhaul slot 0 enable RAP
The following message appears;
(Cisco Controller) >
Warning! Changing backhaul slot will bring down the mesh for renegotiation!!!
After backhaul is changed, 5 GHz client access channels need to be changed manually
Are you sure you want to continue? (y/N)
2 Press y.
Note
When you change the 5-GHz backhaul to local client access, the 5-GHz client access frequencies on all
the APs are the same, because the backhaul frequency is ported on these 5-GHz radios for client access.
You need to configure these channels for a better frequency planning.
Step 1
Warning! Changing backhaul slot will bring down the mesh for renegotiation!!!
Are you sure you want to continue? (y/N)
Step 2
Press y.
Note
You cannot configure the 2.4-GHz backhaul using the controller GUI, but you can configure the 2.4-GHz
backhaul using the CLI.
OL-27510-01
Note
For a 5-GHz backhaul, dynamic frequency selection (DFS) occurs only on 5 GHz and not on 2.4 GHz.
The mechanism, which differs for RAP and MAP, is called a coordinated change mechanism. When 5
GHz is converted to client access from the backhaul or 2.4 GHz is being used as backhaul, DFS works
similar to how it works for a local mode AP. DFS is detected on a 5-GHz client access, and the request
is sent to the controller for a new channel. Mesh adjacency is not affected for the 2.4-GHz backhaul.
Note
Note
Universal Client Access is disabled by default. After this feature is enabled, all mesh access points reboot.
This feature is applicable to mesh access points with two or more radios (1552, 1524SB, 1522, Indoor APs
in mesh mode) excluding the 1524PS.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click OK to continue.
565
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Select the Backhaul Client Access check box to display the Extended Backhaul Client Access check box.
Select the Extended Backhaul Client Access check box and click Apply.
You will be prompted that all mesh APs will be rebooted.
Step 4
Click OK continue.
OL-27510-01
What to Do Next
After EUA is enabled, 802.11a radios are displayed as shown in this figure.
Figure 62: 802.11a Radios after EUA is Enabled
Slot 2 in the 5-GHz radio in the RAPSB (serial backhaul) that is used to extend the backhaul in the DOWNLINK
direction is displayed as DOWNLINK ACCESS, where slot 1 in the 5-GHz radio in the RAPSB that is used
for client access is displayed as ACCESS. Slot 2 in the 5-GHz radio in the MAPSB that is used for the UPLINK
is displayed as UPLINK ACCESS, and slot 1 in the MAPSB is used for the DOWNLINK ACCESS with an
omnidirectional antenna that also provides the client access.
567
Create WLAN on the WLC with the appropriate SSID mapped to the correct interface (VLAN). After you
create a WLAN, it is applied to all the radios by default. If you want to enable client access only on 802.11a
radios, then choose only the appropriate radio policy from the list shown in this figure.
Figure 63: Radio Policy Selection
Enter the show mesh client-access command to know the status of the backhaul with client access and
the backhaul with client access extended.
The status is displayed as follows:
Backhaul with client access status: enabled
Backhaul with client access extended status(3 radio AP): enabled
There is no explicit command to disable client access only on slot 2 (EUA). You have to disable client
access on both the backhaul slots by entering the following command:
config mesh client-access disable
The following message is displayed:
All Mesh APs will be rebooted
Are you sure you want to start? (y/N)
You can disable EUA from the GUI without disturbing client access on the slot 1 radio, but all 1524SB
access points will be rebooted.
It is possible to enable client access only on slot 1 and not on slot 2 by entering the following command:
config mesh client-access enable
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Choose Controllers > Controller IP Address > Mesh > Mesh Settings.
The Mesh page when Backhaul Client Access is disabled appears.
Step 2
Step 3
Select the Client Access on Backhaul Link check box to display the Extended Backhaul Client Access check box.
Select the Extended Backhaul Client Access check box and click Apply. A message appears indicating the possible
results of enabling the Extended Backhaul Client Access.
Click OK to continue.
Step 4
569
Note
When VLAN Transparent is disabled, the default Ethernet port mode is normal. VLAN Transparent must
be disabled for VLAN tagging to operate and to allow configuration of Ethernet ports. To disable VLAN
Transparent, which is a global parameter, see the Configuring Global Mesh Parameters section.
Normal modeIn this mode, the Ethernet port does not accept or send any tagged packets. Tagged
frames from clients are dropped.
Use the normal mode in applications when only a single VLAN is in use or there is no need to segment
traffic in the network across multiple VLANs.
Access ModeIn this mode, only untagged packets are accepted. All incoming packets are tagged with
user-configured VLANs called access-VLANs.
Use the access mode for applications in which information is collected from devices connected to the
MAP, such as cameras or PCs, and then forwarded to the RAP. The RAP then applies tags and forwards
traffic to a switch on the wired network.
Trunk modeThis mode requires the user to configure a native VLAN and an allowed VLAN list (no
defaults). In this mode, both tagged and untagged packets are accepted. Untagged packets are accepted
and are tagged with the user-specified native VLAN. Tagged packets are accepted if they are tagged
with a VLAN in the allowed VLAN list.
Use the trunk mode for bridging applications such as forwarding traffic between two MAPs that reside
on separate buildings within a campus.
Ethernet VLAN tagging operates on Ethernet ports that are not used as backhauls.
Note
In the controller releases prior to 7.2, the Root Access Point (RAP) native VLAN is forwarded out of
Mesh Access Point (MAP) Ethernet ports with Mesh Ethernet Bridging and VLAN Transparent enabled.
In the 7.2 and later controller releases, the Root Access Point (RAP) native VLAN is not forwarded out
of Mesh Access Point (MAP) Ethernet ports with Mesh Ethernet Bridging and VLAN Transparent enabled.
This change in behavior increases reliability and minimizes the possibility of forwarding loops on Mesh
Backhauls.
OL-27510-01
VLAN mode must be set as non-VLAN transparent (global mesh parameter). See the Configuring Global
Mesh Parameters (CLI), on page 541. VLAN transparent is enabled by default. To set as non-VLAN
transparent, you must deselect the VLAN transparent option in the global mesh parameters page.
Figure 65: Wireless > Mesh Page
571
No configuration changes are applied to any Ethernet interface acting as a backhaul. A warning displays
if you attempt to modify the backhauls configuration. The configuration is only applied after the interface
is no longer acting as a backhaul.
Figure 66: Warning Message Displays for Backhaul Configuration Attempts
No configuration is required to support VLAN tagging on any 802.11a backhaul Ethernet interface
within the mesh network as follows:
This includes the RAP uplink Ethernet port. The required configuration occurs automatically using
a registration mechanism.
Any configuration changes to an 802.11a Ethernet link acting as a backhaul are ignored and a
warning results. When the Ethernet link no longer functions as a backhaul, the modified
configuration is applied.
VLAN configuration is not allowed on port-02-cable modem port of AP1500s (wherever applicable).
VLANs can be configured on ports 0 (PoE-in), 1 (PoE-out), and 3 (fiber).
Up to 16 VLANs are supported on each sector. The cumulative number of VLANs supported by a RAPs
children (MAP) cannot exceed 16.
The switch port connected to the RAP must be a trunk:
The trunk port on the switch and the RAP trunk port must match.
The RAP must always connect to the native VLAN ID 1 on a switch. The RAPs primary Ethernet
interface is by default the native VLAN of 1.
The switch port in the wired network that is attached to the RAP (port 0PoE in) must be configured
to accept tagged packets on its trunk port. The RAP forwards all tagged packets received from the
mesh network to the wired network.
No VLANs, other than those destined for the mesh sector, should be configured on the switch
trunk port.
OL-27510-01
VLAN Registration
To support a VLAN on a mesh access point, all the uplink mesh access points must also support the same
VLAN to allow segregation of traffic that belongs to different VLANs. The activity by which mesh access
point communicates its requirements for a VLAN and gets response from a parent is known as VLAN
registration.
Note
573
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click the AP name link of the mesh access point on which you want to enable VLAN tagging.
On the details page, select the Mesh tab.
Figure 67: All APs > Details for (Mesh) Page
Step 4
Select the Ethernet Bridging check box to enable the feature and click Apply.
An Ethernet Bridging section appears at the bottom of the page listing each of the four Ethernet ports of the mesh access
point.
If configuring a MAP access port, click, for example, gigabitEthernet1 (port 1-PoE out).
1 Select access from the mode drop-down list.
2 Enter a VLAN ID. The VLAN ID can be any value between 1 and 4095.
3 Click Apply.
Note
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Note
If configuring a RAP or MAP trunk port, click gigabitEthernet0 (port 0-PoE in).
1 Select trunk from the mode drop-down list.
2 Specify a native VLAN ID for incoming traffic. The native VLAN ID can be any value between 1 and 4095.
Do not assign any value assigned to a user-VLAN (access).
3 Click Apply.
A trunk VLAN ID field and a summary of configured VLANs appears at the bottom of the screen. The trunk
VLAN ID field is for outgoing packets.
4 Specify a trunk VLAN ID for outgoing packets:
If forwarding untagged packets, do not change the default trunk VLAN ID value of zero. (MAP-to-MAP
bridging, campus environment)
If forwarding tagged packets, enter a VLAN ID (1 to 4095) that is not already assigned. (RAP to switch on
wired network).
5 Click Add to add the trunk VLAN ID to the allowed VLAN list. The newly added VLAN displays under the
Configured VLANs section on the page.
575
Note
To remove a VLAN from the list, select the Remove option from the arrow drop-down list to the right
of the desired VLAN.
Step 5
Click Apply.
Step 6
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To see if VLAN transparent mode is enabled or disabled, enter the following command:
577
Note
If one radio is configured as a WGB, then the second radio cannot be a WGB or a repeater.
The following features are not supported for use with a WGB:
FlexConnect
Idle timeout
Web authenticationIf a WGB associates to a web-authentication WLAN, the WGB is added to the
exclusion list, and all of the WGB-wired clients are deleted (web-authentication WLAN is another name
for a guest WLAN).
For wired clients behind the WGB, MAC filtering, link tests, and idle timeout
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WGB association is supported on both the 2.4-GHz (802.11b/g) and 5-GHz (802.11a) radios on the AP1522,
and the 2.4-GHz (802.11b) and 4.9-GHz (public safety) radios on the AP1524PS;
Supported platforms are autonomous WGBs AP1130, AP1140, AP1240, AP1310, and the Cisco 3200 Mobile
Router (hereafter referred to as Cisco 3200) which are configured as WGBs can associate with a mesh access
point. See the Cisco Workgroup Bridges section in Chapter 7 of the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller
Configuration Guide, Release 7.0.116.0 for configuration steps at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/
ps6366/products_installation_and_configuration_guides_list.html
Note
If your mesh access point has two radios, you can only configure workgroup bridge
mode on one of the radios. We recommend that you disable the second radio. Workgroup
bridge mode is not supported on access points with three radios such as the AP1524SB.
Client mode WGB (BSS) is supported; however, infrastructure WGB is not supported. The client mode
WGB is not able to trunk VLAN as in an infrastructure WGB.
Multicast traffic is not reliably transmitted to WGB because no ACKs are returned by the client. Multicast
traffic is unicast to infrastructure WGB, and ACKs are received back.
If one radio is configured as a WGB in a Cisco IOS access point, then the second radio cannot be a WGB
or a repeater.
Mesh access points can support up to 200 clients including wireless clients, WGB, and wired clients
behind the associated WGB.
A WGB cannot associate with mesh access points if the WLAN is configured with WPA1 (TKIP)
+WPA2 (AES), and the corresponding WGB interface is configured with only one of these encryptions
(either WPA1 or WPA2):
579
This figure displays WPA security settings for WGB (controller GUI).
Figure 70: WPA Security Settings for a WGB
This figure displays WPA-2 security settings for WGB (controller GUI).
Figure 71: WPA-2 Security Settings for a WGB
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
581
This feature does not depend on the AP platform. On the controller side, both mesh and nonmesh APs
are supported.
There is a limitation of 20 clients in the WGB. The 20-client limitation includes both wired and wireless
clients. If the WGB is talking to autonomous access points, then the client limit is very high.
The controller treats the wireless and wired clients behind a WGB in the same manner. Features such
as MAC filtering and link test are not supported for wireless WGB clients from the controller.
If required, you can run link tests for a WGB wireless client from an autonomous AP.
Multiple VLANs for wireless clients associated to a WGB are not supported.
Up to 16 multiple VLANs are supported for wired clients behind a WGB from the 7.0 release and later
releases.
Roaming is supported for wireless and wired clients behind a WGB. The wireless clients on the other
radio will not be dissociated by the WGB when an uplink is lost or in a roaming scenario.
We recommend that you configure radio 0 (2.4 GHz) as a Root (one of the mode of operations for Autonomous
AP) and radio 1 (5 GHz) as a WGB.
Note
A native VLAN is always mapped to bridge group 1 by default. For other VLANs, the
bridge group number matches the VLAN number; for example, for VLAN 46, the bridge
group is 46.
Map the SSID to the radio interfaces and define the role of the radio interfaces.
In the following example, one SSID (WGBTEST) is used in both radios, and the SSID is the infrastructure
SSID mapped to NATIVE VLAN 51. All radio interfaces are mapped to bridge group -1.
WGB1#config t
WGB1(config)#interface Dot11Radio1.51
WGB1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 51
WGB1(config-subif)#bridge-group 1
WGB1(config-subif)#exit
WGB1(config)#interface Dot11Radio0.51
WGB1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 51
WGB1(config-subif)#bridge-group 1
WGB1(config-subif)#exit
WGB1(config)#dot11 ssid WGBTEST
WGB1(config-ssid)#VLAN 51
WGB1(config-ssid)#authentication open
WGB1(config-ssid)#infrastructiure-ssid
WGB1(config-ssid)#exit
WGB1(config)#interface Dot11Radio1
native
native
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WGB1(config-if)#ssid WGBTEST
WGB1(config-if)#station-role workgroup-bridge
WGB1(config-if)#exit
WGB1(config)#interface Dot11Radio0
WGB1(config-if)#ssid WGBTEST
WGB1(config-if)#station-role root
WGB1(config-if)#exit
You can also use the GUI of an autonomous AP for configuration. From the GUI, subinterfaces are
automatically created after the VLAN is defined.
Figure 73: SSID Configuration Page
IP Address
Device
0024.130f.920e
209.165.200.225 LWAPP-Parent
Name
Parent
State
RAPSB
Assoc
583
From the controller, choose Monitor > Clients. The WGB and the wireless/wired client behind the WGB are
updated and the wireless/wired client are shown as the WGB client, as shown in the figures below.
Figure 74: Updated WGB Clients
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A link test can also be run from the controller CLI using the following command:
(Cisco Controller) >
Link tests from the controller are only limited to the WGB, and they cannot be run beyond the WGB from
the controller to a wired or wireless client connected to the WGB. You can run link tests for the wireless client
connected to the WGB from the WGB itself using the following command:
ap#dot11 dot11Radio 0 linktest target client mac
Start linktest to 0040.96b8.d462, 100 512 byte packets
ap#
POOR (4% lost)
Time (msec)
Strength (dBm)
SNR Quality
Retries
In
Out
In
Out
In
Out
Sent: 100
Avg. 22
-37
-83
48
Tot. 34
35
Lost to Tgt: 4
Max. 112
-34
-78
61
10
Max. 10
Lost to Src: 4
Min. 0
-40
-87
15
Rates (Src/Tgt)
24Mb 0/5
Linktest Done in 24.464 msec
36Mb 25/0
48Mb 73/0
54Mb 2/91
585
IP Address
AP Name
Status
WLAN
Auth
Protocol
Clients
00:1d:70:97:bd:e8
209.165.200.225
c1240
Assoc
Yes
802.11a
00:1e:be:27:5f:e2
209.165.200.226
c1240
Assoc
Yes
802.11a
Number of Clients................................ 7
MAC Address
AP Name
Status
WLAN/Guest-Lan
Auth
Protocol
Port
Wired
00:00:24:ca:a9:b4
R14
Associated
Yes
N/A
29
No
00:24:c4:a0:61:3a
R14
Associated
Yes
802.11a
29
No
00:24:c4:a0:61:f4
R14
Associated
Yes
802.11a
29
No
00:24:c4:a0:61:f8
R14
Associated
Yes
802.11a
29
No
00:24:c4:a0:62:0a
R14
Associated
Yes
802.11a
29
No
00:24:c4:a0:62:42
R14
Associated
Yes
802.11a
29
No
00:24:c4:a0:71:d2
R14
Associated
Yes
802.11a
29
No
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IP Address
AP Name
Mobility
WLAN
Auth
00:16:c7:5d:b4:8f
Unknown
c1240
Local
No
00:21:91:f8:e9:ae
209.165.200.232
c1240
Local
Yes
00:21:55:04:07:b5
209.165.200.234
c1240
Local
Yes
00:1e:58:31:c7:4a
209.165.200.236
c1240
Local
Yes
00:23:04:9a:0b:12
Unknown
c1240
Local
No
Client Roaming
High-speed roaming of Cisco Compatible Extension (CX), version 4 (v4) clients is supported at speeds up to
70 miles per hour in outdoor mesh deployments of AP1522s and AP1524s. An example application might be
maintaining communication with a terminal in an emergency vehicle as it moves within a mesh public network.
Three Cisco CX v4 Layer 2 client roaming enhancements are supported:
Access point assisted roamingHelps clients save scanning time. When a Cisco CX v4 client associates
to an access point, it sends an information packet to the new access point listing the characteristics of
its previous access point. Roaming time decreases when the client recognizes and uses an access point
list built by compiling all previous access points to which each client was associated and sent (unicast)
to the client immediately after association. The access point list contains the channels, BSSIDs of neighbor
access points that support the clients current SSID(s), and time elapsed since disassociation.
Enhanced neighbor listFocuses on improving a Cisco CX v4 clients roam experience and network
edge performance, especially when servicing voice applications. The access point provides its associated
client information about its neighbors using a neighbor-list update unicast message.
Roam reason reportEnables Cisco CX v4 clients to report the reason why they roamed to a new access
point. It also allows network administrators to build and monitor a roam history.
Note
Client roaming is enabled by default. For more information, see the Enterprise Mobility
Design Guide at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Mobility/
emob41dg/eMob4.1.pdf
587
When you enable this setting, the WGB scans for a new parent association when it encounters a poor
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), excessive radio interference, or a high frame-loss percentage.
Using these criteria, a WGB configured as a mobile station searches for a new parent association and
roams to a new parent before it loses its current association. When the mobile station setting is disabled
(the default setting), a WGB does not search for a new association until it loses its current association.
Configuring a WGB for Limited Channel ScanningIn mobile environments such as railroads, a WGB
instead of scanning all the channels is restricted to scan only a set of limited channels to reduce the
hand-off delay when the WGB roams from one access point to another. By limiting the number of
channels, the WGB scans only those required channels; the mobile WGB achieves and maintains a
continuous wireless LAN connection with fast and smooth roaming. This limited channel set is configured
using the ap(config-if)#mobile station scan set of channels.
This command invokes scanning to all or specified channels. There is no limitation on the maximum
number of channels that can be configured. The maximum number of channels that can be configured
is restricted only by the number of channels that a radio can support. When executed, the WGB scans
only this limited channel set. This limited channel feature also affects the known channel list that the
WGB receives from the access point to which it is currently associated. Channels are added to the known
channel list only if they are also part of the limited channel set.
Configuration Example
The following example shows how to configure a roaming configuration:
ap(config)#interface dot11radio 1
ap(config-if)#ssid outside
ap(config-if)#packet retries 16
ap(config-if)#station role workgroup-bridge
ap(config-if)#mobile station
ap(config-if)#mobile station period 3 threshold
ap(config-if)#mobile station scan 5745 5765
50
Use the no mobile station scan command to restore scanning to all the channels.
This table identifies mesh access points and their respective frequency bands that support WGB.
Table 33: WGB Interoperability Chart
RAP/MAP
WGB
Backhaul
MAR3200
802.11n Indoor
APs
1130/1240
1310
2.4 GHz
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
1524SB/1524SB No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
1524PS/1524PS Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
1552/1552
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RAP/MAP
WGB
1522/1522
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
1524SB/1522
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
1524PS/1522
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
1522/1524SB
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
1522/1524PS
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
1240/1130
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Troubleshooting Tips
If a wireless client is not associated with a WGB, use the following steps to troubleshoot the problem:
1 Verify the client configuration and ensure that the client configuration is correct.
2 Check the show bridge command output in autonomous AP, and confirm that the AP is reading the client
MAC address from the right interface.
3 Confirm that the subinterfaces corresponding to specific VLANs in different interfaces are mapped to the
same bridge group.
4 If required, clear the bridge entry using the clear bridge command (remember that this command will
remove all wired and wireless clients associated in a WGB and make them associate again).
5 Check the show dot11 association command output and confirm that the WGB is associated with the
controller.
6 Ensure that the WGB has not exceeded its 20-client limitation.
In a normal scenario, if the show bridge and show dot11 association command outputs are as expected,
wireless client association should be successful.
Note
Voice is supported only on indoor mesh networks. Voice is supported on a best-effort basis in the outdoors
in a mesh network.
589
CAC
CAC enables a mesh access point to maintain controlled quality of service (QoS) when the wireless LAN is
experiencing congestion. The Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) protocol deployed in CCXv3 ensures sufficient
QoS as long as the wireless LAN is not congested. However, to maintain QoS under differing network loads,
CAC in CCXv4 or later is required.
Note
CAC is supported in Cisco Compatible Extensions (CCX) v4 or later. See Chapter 6 of the Cisco Wireless
LAN Controller Configuration Guide, Release 7.0 at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/
7.0/configuration/guide/c70sol.html
Two types of CAC are available for access points: bandwidth-based CAC and load-based CAC. All calls on
a mesh network are bandwidth-based, so mesh access points use only bandwidth-based CAC.
Bandwidth-based, or static CAC enables the client to specify how much bandwidth or shared medium time
is required to accept a new call. Each access point determines whether it is capable of accommodating a
particular call by looking at the bandwidth available and compares it against the bandwidth required for the
call. If there is not enough bandwidth available to maintain the maximum allowed number of calls with
acceptable quality, the mesh access point rejects the call.
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AP1500s, with Cisco controllers, provide a minimal integrated services capability at the controller, in which
client streams have maximum bandwidth limits, and a more robust differentiated services (diffServ) capability
based on the IP DSCP values and QoS WLAN overrides.
When the queue capacity has been reached, additional frames are dropped (tail drop).
Encapsulations
Several encapsulations are used by the mesh system. These encapsulations include CAPWAP control and
data between the controller and RAP, over the mesh backhaul, and between the mesh access point and its
client(s). The encapsulation of bridging traffic (noncontroller traffic from a LAN) over the backhaul is the
same as the encapsulation of CAPWAP data.
There are two encapsulations between the controller and the RAP. The first is for CAPWAP control, and the
second is for CAPWAP data. In the control instance, CAPWAP is used as a container for control information
and directives. In the instance of CAPWAP data, the entire packet, including the Ethernet and IP headers, is
sent in the CAPWAP container.
Figure 78: Encapsulations
For the backhaul, there is only one type of encapsulation, encapsulating MESH traffic. However, two types
of traffic are encapsulated: bridging traffic and CAPWAP control and data traffic. Both types of traffic are
encapsulated in a proprietary mesh header.
In the case of bridging traffic, the entire packet Ethernet frame is encapsulated in the mesh header.
591
All backhaul frames are treated identically, regardless of whether they are MAP to MAP, RAP to MAP, or
MAP to RAP.
Figure 79: Encapsulating Mesh Traffic
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UP (outer) from 802.1p UP incoming and the WLAN default priority ceiling. Frames with VLAN ID 0 are
not tagged.
Figure 80: Controller to RAP Path
For CAPWAP control traffic the IP DSCP value is set to 46, and the 802.1p user priority is set to 7. Prior to
transmission of a wireless frame over the backhaul, regardless of node pairing (RAP/MAP) or direction, the
DSCP value in the outer header is used to determine a backhaul priority. The following sections describe the
mapping between the four backhaul queues the mesh access point uses and the DSCP values shown in Backhaul
Path QoS.
Table 34: Backhaul Path QoS
Note
DSCP Value
Backhaul Queue
2, 4, 6, 8 to 23
Bronze
26, 32 to 63
Gold
46 to 56
Platinum
Silver
The platinum backhaul queue is reserved for CAPWAP control traffic, IP control traffic, and voice packets.
DHCP, DNS, and ARP requests are also transmitted at the platinum QoS level. The mesh software inspects
each frame to determine whether it is a CAPWAP control or IP control frame in order to protect the
platinum queue from use by non-CAPWAP applications.
For a MAP to the client path, there are two different procedures, depending on whether the client is a WMM
client or a normal client. If the client is a WMM client, the DSCP value in the outer frame is examined, and
the 802.11e priority queue is used.
Table 35: MAP to Client Path QoS
DSCP Value
Backhaul Queue
2, 4, 6, 8 to 23
Bronze
593
DSCP Value
Backhaul Queue
26, 32 to 45, 47
Gold
46, 48 to 63
Platinum
Silver
If the client is not a WMM client, the WLAN override (as configured at the controller) determines the 802.11e
queue (bronze, gold, platinum, or silver), on which the packet is transmitted.
For a client of a mesh access point, there are modifications made to incoming client frames in preparation for
transmission on the mesh backhaul or Ethernet. For WMM clients, a MAP illustrates the way in which the
outer DSCP value is set from an incoming WMM client frame.
Figure 81: MAP to RAP Path
The minimum value of the incoming 802.11e user priority and the WLAN override priority is translated using
the information listed in the table below to determine the DSCP value of the IP frame. For example, if the
incoming frame has as its value a priority indicating the gold priority, but the WLAN is configured for the
silver priority, the minimum priority of silver is used to determine the DSCP value.
Table 36: DSCP to Backhaul Queue Mapping
DSCP Value
802.11e UP
Backhaul Queue
Packet Types
2, 4, 6, 8 to 23
1, 2
Bronze
26, 32 to 34
4, 5
Gold
Video packets
46 to 56
6, 7
Platinum
0, 3
Silver
If there is no incoming WMM priority, the default WLAN priority is used to generate the DSCP value in the
outer header. If the frame is an originated CAPWAP control frame, the DSCP value of 46 is placed in the
outer header.
With the 5.2 code enhancements, DSCP information is preserved in an AWPP header.
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All wired client traffic is restricted to a maximum 802.1p UP value of 5, except DHCP/DNS and ARP packets,
which go through the platinum queue.
The non-WMM wireless client traffic gets the default QoS priority of its WLAN. The WMM wireless client
traffic may have a maximum 802.11e value of 6, but it must be below the QoS profile configured for its
WLAN. If admission control is configured, WMM clients must use TSPEC signaling and get admitted by
CAC.
The CAPWAPP data traffic carries wireless client traffic and has the same priority and treatment as wireless
client traffic.
Now that the DSCP value is determined, the rules described earlier for the backhaul path from the RAP to
the MAP are used to further determine the backhaul queue on which the frame is transmitted. Frames transmitted
from the RAP to the controller are not tagged. The outer DSCP values are left intact, as they were first
constructed.
Note
595
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On the WLANs > Edit > QoS page, you should do the following:
Select CCKM for authorization (auth) key management (mgmt) if you want to support fast roaming.
For more information, see the Client Roaming section.
On the x > y page, you should do the following:
Disable voice active detection (VAD).
No. of Calls
802.11a Radio
802.11b/g Radio
RAP
12
12
MAP1
10
MAP2
The table below shows the actual calls in a clean, ideal environment.
Table 38: Calls Possible with 1550 Series in 802.11a/n 802.11b/g/n Radios14
No. of Calls
802.11a/n Radio
20 MHz
RAP
20
35
20
20
10
20
15
20
15
10
15
While making a call, observe the MOS score of the call on the 7921 phone (see the table below). A MOS
score between 3.5 and 4 is acceptable.
Table 39: MOS Ratings
MOS rating
User satisfaction
> 4.3
Very satisfied
4.0
Satisfied
597
MOS rating
User satisfaction
3.6
3.1
< 2.58
Note
See the figure below when using the CLI commands and viewing their output.
To view the total number of voice calls and the bandwidth used for voice calls on each RAP, enter this
command:
show mesh cac summary
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Slot#
------0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Radio
----11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
BW Used/Max
----------0/23437
0/23437
0/23437
0/23437
0/23437
0/23437
0/23437
0/23437
Calls
----0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0?
To view the mesh tree topology for the network and the bandwidth utilization (used/maximum available)
of voice calls and video links for each mesh access point and radio, enter this command:
show mesh cac bwused {voice | video} AP_name
Information similar to the following appears:
AP Name
Slot#
------------- ------SB_RAP1
0
1
|SB_MAP1
0
1
|| SB_MAP2
0
1
||| SB_MAP3
0
1
Radio
----11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
BW Used/Max
----------1016/23437
3048/23437
0/23437
3048/23437
2032/23437
3048/23437
0/23437
0/23437
Note
The bars (|) to the left of the AP Name field indicate the number of hops that the MAP
is from its RAP.
Note
When the radio type is the same, the backhaul bandwidth utilization (bw used/max) at
each hop is identical. For example, mesh access points map1, map2, map3, and rap1
are all on the same radio backhaul (802.11a) and are using the same bandwidth (3048).
All of the calls are in the same interference domain. A call placed anywhere in that
domain affects the others.
To view the mesh tree topology for the network and display the number of voice calls that are in progress
by mesh access point radio, enter this command:
show mesh cac access AP_name
Information similar to the following appears:
AP Name
------------SB_RAP1
|
SB_MAP1
||
SB_MAP2
||| SB_MAP3
Slot#
------0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Radio
----11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
Calls
----0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
599
Note
Each call received by a mesh access point radio causes the appropriate calls summary
column to increment by one. For example, if a call is received on the 802.11b/g radio
on map2, then a value of one is added to the existing value in that radios calls column.
In this case, the new call is the only active call on the 802.11b/g radio of map2. If one
call is active when a new call is received, the resulting value is two.
To view the mesh tree topology for the network and display the voice calls that are in progress, enter
this command:
show mesh cac callpath AP_name
Information similar to the following appears:
AP Name
------------SB_RAP1
|
SB_MAP1
||
SB_MAP2
||| SB_MAP3
Note
Slot#
------0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Radio
----11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
Calls
----0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
The calls column for each mesh access point radio in a call path increments by one. For
example, for a call that initiates at map2 (show mesh cac call path SB_MAP2) and
terminates at rap1 by way of map1, one call is added to the map2 802.11b/g and 802.11a
radio calls column, one call to the map1 802.11a backhaul radio calls column, and one
call to the rap1 802.11a backhaul radio calls column.
To view the mesh tree topology of the network, the voice calls that are rejected at the mesh access point
radio due to insufficient bandwidth, and the corresponding mesh access point radio where the rejection
occurred, enter this command:
show mesh cac rejected AP_name
Information similar to the following appears:
AP Name
------------SB_RAP1
|
SB_MAP1
||
SB_MAP2
||| SB_MAP3
Note
Slot#
------0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Radio
----11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
11b/g
11a
Calls
----0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
If a call is rejected at the map2 802.11b/g radio, its calls column increments by one.
To view the number of bronze, silver, gold, platinum, and management queues active on the specified
access point, enter this command. The peak and average length of each queue are shown as well as the
overflow count.
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Note
In-out modeThe RAP and MAP both multicast but in a different manner:
In-out mode is the default mode.
If multicast packets are received at a MAP over Ethernet, they are sent to the RAP; however, they
are not sent to other MAP over Ethernet, and the MAP to MAP packets are filtered out of the
multicast.
If multicast packets are received at a RAP over Ethernet, they are sent to all the MAPs and their
respective Ethernet networks. When the in-out mode is in operation, it is important to properly
partition your network to ensure that a multicast sent by one RAP is not received by another RAP
on the same Ethernet segment and then sent back into the network.
601
Note
If 802.11b clients need to receive CAPWAP multicasts, then multicast must be enabled
globally on the controller as well as on the mesh network (using the config network
multicast global enable CLI command). If multicast does not need to extend to 802.11b
clients beyond the mesh network, the global multicast parameter should be disabled
(using the config network multicast global disable command).
Note
Multicast for mesh networks cannot be enabled using the controller GUI.
IGMP Snooping
IGMP snooping delivers improved RF usage through selective multicast forwarding and optimizes packet
forwarding in voice and video applications.
A mesh access point transmits multicast packets only if a client is associated with the mesh access point that
is subscribed to the multicast group. So, when IGMP snooping is enabled, only that multicast traffic relevant
to given hosts is forwarded.
To enable IGMP snooping on the controller, enter the following command:
configure network multicast igmp snooping enable
A client sends an IGMP join that travels through the mesh access point to the controller. The controller
intercepts the join and creates a table entry for the client in the multicast group. The controller then proxies
the IGMP join through the upstream switch or router.
You can query the status of the IGMP groups on a router by entering the following command:
router# show ip gmp groups
IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address
233.0.0.1
Interface
Vlan119
Uptime
3w1d
Expires
00:01:52
Last Reporter
10.1.1.130
For Layer 3 roaming, an IGMP query is sent to the clients WLAN. The controller modifies the clients response
before forwarding and changes the source IP address to the controllers dynamic interface IP address.
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The network hears the controllers request for the multicast group and forwards the multicast to the new
controller.
For more information about video, see the following:
Video Surveillance over Mesh Deployment Guide: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk722/tk809/
technologies_tech_note09186a0080b02511.shtml
Cisco Unified Wireless Network Solution: VideoStream Deployment Guide: http://www.cisco.com/en/
US/products/ps10315/products_tech_note09186a0080b6e11e.shtml
Note
An LSC in mesh APs is not deleted. An LSC is deleted in mesh APs only when the LSC
is disabled on the controller, which causes the APs to reboot.
603
LSC provisioning will be supported only over Ethernet. You have to connect the mesh AP to the controller
through Ethernet and get the LSC certificate provisioned. After the LSC becomes the default, an AP can
be connected over-the-air to the controller using the LSC certificate.
Note
An LSC on mesh is open for very specific Oil and Gas customers with the 7.0 release. Initially, it is a
hidden feature. The config mesh lsc enable/disable is a hidden command. Also, the config local-auth
eap-profile cert-issuer vendor "prfMaP1500LlEAuth93" command is a normal command, but the
"prfMaP1500LlEAuth93" profile is a hidden profile, and is not stored on the controller and is lost after
the controller reboot.
Step 1
Step 2
The controller sends the AP the MIC device certificate, which the AP verifies with the MIC CA.
The AP sends the LSC device certificate to the controller, which the controller verifies with the LSC CA.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
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Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Install the CA and ID cert on the controller (or any other authentication server) from the same certificate server.
Connect the mesh AP through Ethernet and provision for an LSC certificate.
Allow the mesh AP get a certificate and join the controller using the LSC certificate.
Figure 83: Local Significant Certificate
605
LSC-Related Commands
The following commands are related to LSCs:
config certificate lsc {enable | disable}
enableTo enable an LSC on the system.
disableTo disable an LSC on the system. Use this keyword to remove the LSC device certificate
and send a message to an AP, to do the same and disable an LSC, so that subsequent joins could
be made using the MIC/SSC. The removal of the LSC CA cert on the WLC should be done explicitly
by using the CLI to accommodate any AP that has not transitioned back to the MIC/SSC.
config certificate lsc ca-server URL-Path
This command configures the URL to the CA server for getting the certificates. The URL contains either
the domain name or the IP address, port number (typically=80), and the CGI-PATH. The following
format is an example:
http://ipaddr:port/cgi-path
Only one CA server is allowed to be configured. The CA server has to be configured to provision an
LSC.
config certificate lsc ca-server delete
This command deletes the CA server configured on the WLC.
config certificate lsc ca-cert {add | delete}
This command adds or deletes the LSC CA certificate into/from the WLC's CA certificate database as
follows:
addQueries the configured CA server for a CA certificate using the SSCEP getca operation, and
gets into the WLC and installs it permanently into the WLC database. If installed, this CA certificate
is used to validate the incoming LSC device certificate from the AP.
deleteDeletes the LSC CA certificate from the WLC database.
config certificate lsc subject-params Country State City Orgn Dept Email
This command configures the parameters for the device certificate that will be created and installed on
the controller and the AP.
All of these strings have 64 bytes, except for the Country that has a maximum of 3 bytes. The Common
Name will be autogenerated using its Ethernet MAC address. This should be given prior to the creation
of the controller device certificate request.
The above parameters are sent as an LWAPP payload to the AP, so that the AP can use these parameters
to generate the certReq. The CN is autogenerated on the AP using the current MIC/SSC "Cxxxx-MacAddr"
format, where xxxx is the product number.
config certificate lsc other-params keysize validity
The keysize and validity configurations have defaults. Therefore, it is not mandatory to configure them.
The keysize can be from 360 to 2048 (the default is 2048 bits).
The validity period can be configured from 1 to 20 years (the default is 10 years).
config certificate lsc ap-provision {enable | disable}
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This command enables or disables the provisioning of the LSCs on the APs if the APs just joined using
the SSC/MIC. If enabled, all APs that join and do not have the LSC will get provisioned.
If disabled, no more automatic provisioning will be done. This command does not affect the APs, which
already have LSCs in them.
config certificate lsc ra-cert {add | delete}
This command is recommended when the CA server is a Cisco IOS CA server. The WLC can use the
RA to encrypt the certificate requests and make communication more secure. RA certificates are not
currently supported by other external CA servers, such as MSFT.
addQueries the configured CA server for an RA certificate using the SCEP operation and installs
it into the WLC Database. This keyword is used to get the certReq signed by the CA.
deleteDeletes the LSC RA certificate from the WLC database.
config auth-list ap-policy lsc {enable | disable}
After getting the LSC, an AP tries to join the WLC. Before the AP tries to join the WLC, this command
must be executed on the WLC console. Execution of this command is mandatory. By default, the config
auth-list ap-policy lsc command is in the disabled state, and in the disabled state, the APs are not allowed
to join the WLC using the LSC.
config auth-list ap-policy mic {enable | disable}
After getting the MIC, an AP tries to join the WLC. Before the AP tries to join the WLC, this command
must be executed on the WLC console. Execution of this command is mandatory. By default, the config
auth-list ap-policy mic command is in the enabled state. If an AP cannot join because of the enabled
state, this log message in the WLC side is displayed: LSC/MIC AP is not allowed to join by config.
607
The figure below shows three possible cases for mesh AP MAC authorization and EAP.
Figure 85: Possible Cases for Mesh AP MAC Authorization and EAP
or
Check only the external MAC filter authorization on the GUI page and follow these guidelines:
Do not add the MAC address of the RAP/MAP to the controller MAC filter list.
Configure the external radius server details on the WLC.
Enter the config macfilter mac-delimiter colon command configuration on the WLC.
Add the MAC address of the RAP/MAP in the external radius server in the following format:
User name: 11:22:33:44:55:66 Password : 11:22:33:44:55:66
Case 3External EAP authentication
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Configure the external radius server details on the WLC and apply the following configuration on the
controller:
config mesh radius-server index enable
config mesh security force-ext-auth enable
Add the user ID and password on the AAA server in the (<platform name string>-<Ethernet mac
address hex string>) format for EAP Authentication.
(Cisco Controller) >
(Cisco Controller) >
Deployment Guidelines
When using local authorization, the controller should be installed with the vendor's CA and device
certificate.
When using an external AAA server, the controller should be installed with the vendors CA and device
certificate.
Mesh security should be configured to use vendor as the cert-issuer.
MAPs cannot move from an LSC to an MIC when they fall back to a backup controller.
The config mesh lsc {enable | disable} command is required to enable or disable an LSC for mesh APs.
This command causes all the mesh APs to reboot. Currently, disabling this command may also reboot
nonmesh APs.
609
Note
Mesh Range.......................................
Mesh Statistics update period....................
Backhaul with client access status...............
Backhaul with extended client access status......
Background Scanning State........................
Backhaul Amsdu State.............................
Mesh Security
Security Mode.................................
External-Auth.................................
Use MAC Filter in External AAA server.........
Force External Authentication.................
Mesh Alarm Criteria
Max Hop Count.................................
Recommended Max Children for MAP..............
Recommended Max Children for RAP..............
12000
3 minutes
enabled
disabled
enabled
enabled
EAP
disabled
disabled
disabled
4
10
20
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12
60
10
60 minutes
3
60 minutes
In-Out
enabled
enabled
disabled
disabled
Note
Slot bias and preferred parent selection features are independent of each other. However,
with the preferred parent configured, the connection is made to the parent using slot 1
or slot 2, whichever the AP sees first. If slot 1 is selected for the uplink in a MAP, then
slot bias occurs. We recommend that you disable slot bias if you already know that slot
1 is going to be selected.
611
where:
AP_name is the name of the child AP that you have to specify.
MAC is the MAC address of the preferred parent that you have to specify.
Note
When you configure a preferred parent, ensure that you specify the MAC address of the
actual mesh neighbor for the desired parent. This MAC address is the base radio MAC
address that has the letter f as the final character. For example, if the base radio MAC
address is 00:24:13:0f:92:00, then you must specify 00:24:13:0f:92:0f as the preferred
parent. This is the actual MAC address that is used for mesh neighbor relationships.
The following example shows how to configure the preferred parent for the MAP1SB access point, where
00:24:13:0f:92:00 is the preferred parents MAC address:
config mesh parent preferred MAP1SB 00:24:13:0f:92:0f
The following commands are related to preferred parent selection:
(Cisco Controller) >
To get information about the AP that is configured as the preferred parent of a child AP, enter the
following command:
(Cisco Controller) >
The following example shows how to get the configuration information for the MAP1SB access point, where
00:24:13:0f:92:00 is the MAC address of the preferred parent:
(Cisco Controller) >
Cisco AP Identifier..............................
Cisco AP Name....................................
Country code.....................................
Regulatory Domain allowed by Country.............
AP Country code..................................
AP Regulatory Domain.............................
Switch Port Number ..............................
MAC Address......................................
IP Address Configuration.........................
IP Address.......................................
IP NetMask.......................................
CAPWAP Path MTU..................................
Domain...........................................
Name Server......................................
Telnet State.....................................
Ssh State........................................
Cisco AP Location................................
Cisco AP Group Name..............................
Primary Cisco Switch Name........................
9
MAP1SB
US - United States
802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A
US - United States
802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A
1
12:12:12:12:12:12
DHCP
209.165.200.225
255.255.255.224
1485
Disabled
Disabled
default location
default-group
4404
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Auto
Auto
Enabled
0 ms
240 ms
0 ms
4 days, 06 h 17 m 20 s
Enabled
Disabled
00:24:13:0f:92:00
Co-Channel Interference
In addition to hidden node interference, co-channel interference can also impact performance. Co-channel
interference occurs when adjacent radios on the same channel interfere with the performance of the local mesh
network. This interference takes the form of collisions or excessive deferrals by CSMA. In both cases,
performance of the mesh network is degraded. With appropriate channel management, co-channel interference
on the wireless mesh network can be minimized.
Note
You can modify the Statistics Timer interval setting on the All APs > Details page of the controller GUI.
613
Step 1
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Figure 86: All APs Page
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Step 2
To view statistics for a specific mesh access point, hover the mouse over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired mesh
access point and choose Statistics. The All APs > AP Name > Statistics page for the selected mesh access point appears.
Figure 87: All APs > Access Point Name > Statistics Page
This page shows the role of the mesh access point in the mesh network, the name of the bridge group to which the mesh
access point belongs, the backhaul interface on which the access point operates, and the number of the physical switch
port. It also displays a variety of mesh statistics for this mesh access point. The table below describes each of the statistics.
615
Statistics
Parameter
Description
Malformed Neighbor
Packets
Excluded Packets
Insufficient Memory
Reporting
Rx Neighbor Requests
Rx Neighbor Responses
Tx Neighbor Requests
Tx Neighbor Responses
Gold Queue
The average and peak number of packets waiting in the gold (video)
queue during the defined statistics time interval.
Silver Queue
The average and peak number of packets waiting in the silver (best
effort) queue during the defined statistics time interval.
Platinum Queue
Bronze Queue
Management Queue
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Statistics
Parameter
Description
The number of packets transmitted during security negotiations by
the selected mesh access point.
Received Packets
Association Request
Failures
Association Request
Timeouts
Association Requests
Successful
Authentication Request
Failures
Authentication Request
Timeouts
Authentication Requests
Successful
Reassociation Request
Failures
Reassociation Request
Timeouts
Reassociation Requests
Successful
Reauthentication Request The number of failed reauthentication requests between the selected
Failures
mesh access point and its parent.
Reauthentication Request The number of reauthentication request timeouts that occur between
Timeouts
the selected mesh access point and its parent.
Reauthentication Requests The number of successful reauthentication requests that occur
Successful
between the selected mesh access point and its parent.
Unknown Association
Requests
617
Statistics
Parameter
Description
Invalid Association
Requests
Unknown Reassociation
Requests
Invalid Reassociation
Requests
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Child-Side Statistics:
-------------------------Association Failures 0
Association Timeouts 0
Association Successes 0
Authentication Failures 0
Authentication Timeouts 0
Authentication Successes 0
Re-Association Failures 0
Re-Association Timeouts 0
Re-Association Successes 0
Re-Authentication Failures 0
Re-Authentication Timeouts 0
Re-Authentication Successes 0
To view the number of packets in the queue by type, enter this command:
show mesh queue-stats AP_name
Information similar to the following appears:
Queue Type Overflows Peak length Average length
---------- --------- ----------- -------------Silver
0
1
0.000
Gold
0
4
0.004
Platinum
0
4
0.001
Bronze
0
0
0.000
Management 0
0
0.000
619
Step 1
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Figure 88: All APs Page
Step 2
To view neighbor statistics for a specific mesh access point, hover the mouse over the blue drop-down arrow for the
desired mesh access point and choose Neighbor Information. The All APs > Access Point Name > Neighbor Info page
for the selected mesh access point appears.
Figure 89: All APs > Access Point Name > Neighbor Info Page
This page lists the parent, children, and neighbors of the mesh access point. It provides each mesh access points name
and radio MAC address.
Step 3
To perform a link test between the mesh access point and its parent or children, follow these steps:
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a) Hover the mouse over the blue drop-down arrow of the parent or desired child and choose LinkTest. A pop-up
window appears.
Figure 90: Link Test Page
b) Click Submit to start the link test. The link test results appear on the Mesh > LinkTest Results page.
Figure 91: Mesh > LinkTest Results Page
621
c) Click Back to return to the All APs > Access Point Name > Neighbor Info page.
Step 4
To view the details for any of the mesh access points on this page, follow these steps:
a) Hover the mouse over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired mesh access point and choose Details. The All APs
> Access Point Name > Link Details > Neighbor Name page appears.
Figure 92: All APs > Access Point Name > Link Details > Neighbor Name page
b) Click Back to return to the All APs > Access Point Name > Neighbor Info page.
Step 5
To view statistics for any of the mesh access points on this page, follow these steps:
a) Hover the mouse over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired mesh access point and choose Stats. The All APs
> Access Point Name > Mesh Neighbor Stats page appears.
Figure 93: All APs > Access Point Name > Mesh Neighbor Stats Page
b) Click Back to return to the All APs > Access Point Name > Neighbor Info page.
State
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----------------mesh-45-rap1
00:0B:85:80:ED:D0
00:17:94:FE:C3:5F
To view the channel and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) details for a link between a mesh access point and
its neighbor, enter this command:
show mesh path AP_Name
Information similar to the following appears:
AP Name/Radio Mac Channel Snr-Up Snr-Down Link-Snr Flags State
----------------- ------- ------ -------- -------- ------ ------mesh-45-rap1
165
15
18
16
0x86b UPDATED NEIGH PARENT BEACON
mesh-45-rap1 is a Root AP.
To view the percentage of packet errors for packets transmitted by the neighbor mesh access point, enter
this command:
show mesh per-stats AP_Name
Information similar to the following appears:
Neighbor MAC Address 00:0B:85:5F:FA:F0
Total Packets transmitted: 104833
Total Packets transmitted successfully: 104833
Total Packets retried for transmission: 33028
Neighbor MAC Address 00:0B:85:80:ED:D0
Total Packets transmitted: 0
Total Packets transmitted successfully: 0
Total Packets retried for transmission: 0
Neighbor MAC Address 00:17:94:FE:C3:5F
Total Packets transmitted: 0
Total Packets transmitted successfully: 0
Total Packets retried for transmission: 0
Packet error rate percentage = 1 (number of successfully transmitted packets/number of total packets
transmitted).
Convert the autonomous access point (k9w7 image) to a lightweight access point.
For information about this process, see this URL: http://cisco-images.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/access_point/
conversion/lwapp/upgrade/guide/lwapnote.html.
Step 2
Convert the lightweight access point to either a mesh access point (MAP) or root access point (RAP) as follows:
Note
Indoor mesh access points (1130 and 1240) can function as either a RAP or a MAP. By default, all are configured
as MAPs.
To convert the access point to a mesh access point using the controller CLI, perform one of the following:
To convert from a lightweight access point to a MAP, enter this command:
config ap mode bridge Cisco_AP
623
Changing MAP and RAP Roles for Indoor Mesh Access Points
Cisco 1130 and 1240 series indoor mesh access points can function as either RAPs or MAPs.
Changing MAP and RAP Roles for Indoor Mesh Access Points (GUI)
Step 1
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Step 2
Step 3
Click the name of the 1130 or 1240 series access point that you want to change.
Click the Mesh tab.
Step 4
From the AP Role drop-down list, choose MeshAP or RootAP to specify this access point as a MAP or RAP, respectively.
Step 5
Step 6
After a RAP-to-MAP conversion, the MAPs connection to the controller is a wireless backhaul rather than a
Fast Ethernet connection. You must ensure that the Fast Ethernet connection of the RAP being converted is
disconnected before the MAP starts up so that the MAP can join over the air.
Note
We recommend that your power source for MAPs is either a power supply or power injector. We do not
recommend that you use PoE as a power source for MAPs.
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Changing MAP and RAP Roles for Indoor Mesh Access Points (CLI)
Step 1
Change the role of an indoor access point from MAP to RAP or from RAP to MAP by entering this command:
config ap role {rootAP | meshAP} Cisco_AP
The access point reboots after you change the role.
Step 2
Note
We recommend that you use a Fast Ethernet connection to the controller for the conversion from a mesh
(bridge) to nonmesh (local) access point. If the backhaul is a radio, after the conversion, you must enable
Ethernet and then reload the access image.
Note
When a root access point is converted back to a lightweight access point, all of its subordinate mesh access
points lose connectivity to the controller. A mesh access point is unable to service its clients until the mesh
access point is able to connect to a different root access point in the vicinity. Likewise, clients might
connect to a different mesh access point in the vicinity to maintain connectivity to the network.
To convert an indoor mesh access point (MAP or RAP) to a nonmesh lightweight access point using
the controller CLI, enter this command.
config ap mode local Cisco_AP
The access point reloads.
To convert an indoor mesh access point (MAP or RAP) to a nonmesh lightweight access point using
the GUI, follow these steps:
1 Choose Wireless and click on the AP Name link for the 1130 or 1240 indoor access point you want
to convert.
2 At the General Properties panel, choose Local from the AP Mode drop-down list.
3 Click Apply to apply changes.
4 Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
625
To convert an indoor mesh access point (MAP or RAP) to a nonmesh lightweight access point using
Cisco WCS, follow these steps:
1 Choose Configure > Access Points and click on the AP Name link for the 1130 or 1240 indoor
access point you want to convert.
2 At the General Properties panel, choose Local as the AP Mode (left side).
3 Click Save.
MAR Model
152215
1524PS
c3201, c3202
15
16
17
18
Universal access must be enabled on the 1522 if connecting to a MAR on the 802.11a radio or 4.9-GHz band.
Model c3201 is a MAR with a 802.11b/g radio (2.4 GHz).
Model c3202 is a MAR with a 4-9-GHz sub-band radio.
Model c3205 is a MAR with a 802.11a radio (5.8-GHz sub-band).
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Channel assignments are made only to the RAP. Updates to the MAP are propagated by the RAP.
The default channel width for MAR 3200s is 5 MHz. You must do one of the following:
Change the channel width to 10 or 20 MHz to enable WGBs to associate with series 1520 mesh access
points.
Change the channel on the 1522 or 1524PS to a channel in the 5-MHz (channels 1 to 10) or 10-MHz
band (channels 11 through 19) as follows:
When using the controller CLI, you must disable the 802.11a radio prior to configuring its channels.
You reenable the radio after the channels are configured.
When using the GUI, enabling and disabling the 802.11a radio for channel configuration is not
required.
Cisco MAR 3200s can scan channels within but not across the 5-, 10-, or 20-MHz bands.
627
Enabling Mesh Access Points to Operate with Cisco 3200 Series Mobile Access
Routers (GUI)
Step 1
Enable the backhaul for client access by choosing Wireless > Mesh to open the Mesh page.
Step 2
Select the Backhaul Client Access check box to allow wireless client association over the 802.11a radio.
Step 3
Step 4
When prompted to allow a reboot of all the mesh access points on the network, click OK.
Step 5
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n to open the 802.11a/n Radios page.
Step 6
Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the appropriate RAP and choose Configure. The 802.11a/n (4.9
GHz) > Configure page appears.
Figure 94: 802.11 a/n (4.9GHz) > Configure Page
Step 7
Step 8
Under the RF Channel Assignment section, choose the WLC Controlled option for Assignment Method and select a
channel between 1 and 26.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 9
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Enabling Mesh Access Points to Operate with Cisco 3200 Series Mobile Access
Routers (CLI)
Step 1
Enable client access mode on the 1522 and 1524PS mesh access points by entering this command:
config mesh client-access enable
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Enter the show config 802.11-a58 summary command to view configuration details for a 5-GHz
radio.
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CHAPTER
10
Caution
Do not power down the controller or any access point during this process; otherwise, you might corrupt
the software image. Upgrading a controller with a large number of access points can take as long as 30
minutes, depending on the size of your network. However, with the increased number of concurrent access
point upgrades supported in the controller software release, the upgrade time should be significantly
reduced. The access points must remain powered, and the controller must not be reset during this time.
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Enter 1 to run the current software, enter 2 to run the previous software, enter 4 (on a 5500 series
controller), or enter 5 (on another controller platform) to run the current software and set the controller
configuration to factory defaults. Do not choose the other options unless directed to do so.
Note
See the Installation Guide or the Quick Start Guide for your controller for more details
on running the bootup script and power-on self-test.
Control which address(es) are sent in CAPWAP discovery responses when NAT is enabled on the
Management Interface using the following command:
config network ap-discovery nat-ip-only {enable | disable}
where
enableEnables use of NAT IP only in Discovery response. This is the default. Use this command
if all APs are outside of the NAT gateway.
disableEnables use of both NAT IP and non-NAT IP in discovery response. Use this command
if APs are on the inside and outside of the NAT gateway; for example, Local Mode and OfficeExtend
APs on the same controller.
Note
To avoid stranding APs, you must disable AP link-latency (if enabled) before you use
the disable option for the config network ap-discovery nat-ip-only command. To
disable AP link-latency, use the config ap link-latency disable all command.
You can configure 802.1p tagging by using the config qos dot1p-tag {bronze | silver | gold | platinum}
tag. For the 7.2.103.0 and later releases, if you tag 802.1p packets, the tagging has impact only on wired
packets. Wireless packets are impacted only by the maximum priority level set for QoS.
You can reduce the network downtime using the following options:
You can predownload the AP image.
For FlexConnect access points, use the FlexConnect Efficient AP upgrade feature to reduce traffic
between the controller and the AP (main site and the branch).
633
Do not power down the controller or any access point during the upgrade process; otherwise, you might
corrupt the software image. Upgrading a controller with a large number of access points can take as long
as 30 minutes, depending on the size of your network. However, with the increased number of concurrent
access point upgrades supported, the upgrade time should be significantly reduced. The access points
must remain powered, and the controller must not be reset during this time.
If you want to downgrade to a previous release, do either of the following:
Delete all WLANs that are mapped to interface groups and create new ones.
Ensure that all WLANs are mapped to interfaces rather than interface groups.
After you perform these functions on the controller, you must reboot the controller for the changes to
take effect:
Enable or disable link aggregation (LAG)
Enable a feature that is dependent on certificates (such as HTTPS and web authentication)
Add new or modify existing SNMP v3 users
Modify an existing SNMP v3 engine ID
Add a new license or modify an existing license
Increase the priority for a license
The controller bootloader stores a copy of the active primary image and the backup image. If the primary
image becomes corrupted, you can use the bootloader to boot with the backup image.
With the backup image stored before rebooting, be sure to choose Option 2: Run Backup Image from
the boot menu to boot from the backup image. Then, upgrade with a known working image and reboot
the controller.
The recovery image provides a backup image that can be used if an access point power-cycles during
an image upgrade. The best way to avoid the need for access point recovery is to prevent an access point
from power-cycling during a system upgrade. If a power-cycle occurs during an upgrade to an oversized
access point image, you can recover the access point using the TFTP recovery procedure.
To recover the access point using the TFTP recovery procedure, follow these steps:
1 Download the required recovery image from Cisco.com (c1100-rcvk9w8-mx, c1200-rcvk9w8-mx,
or c1310-rcvk9w8-mx) and install it in the root directory of your TFTP server.
2 Connect the TFTP server to the same subnet as the target access point and power-cycle the access
point. The access point boots from the TFTP image and then joins the controller to download the
oversized access point image and complete the upgrade procedure.
3 After the access point has been recovered, you can remove the TFTP server.
You can upgrade to a new release of the controller software or downgrade to an older release even if
Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) is enabled.
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Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Copy the controller software image (filename.aes) to the default directory on your TFTP or FTP server.
(Optional) Disable the 802.11 networks.
Note
For busy networks, controllers on high utilization, or small controller platforms, we recommend that you disable
the 802.11 networks as a precautionary measure.
Disable any WLANs on the controller.
Choose Commands > Download File to open the Download File to Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Code.
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 9
Step 10
If you are using a TFTP server, the default values of 10 retries for the Maximum Retries text field, and 6 seconds for the
Timeout text field should work correctly without any adjustment. However, you can change these values if desired. To
do so, enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the software in the Maximum
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Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
Step 18
Step 19
Step 20
Step 21
Step 22
Retries text box and the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the software in the
Timeout text box.
In the File Path text box, enter the directory path of the software.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the controller software file (filename.aes).
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Click Download to download the software to the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the download.
After the download is complete, click Reboot.
If prompted to save your changes, click Save and Reboot.
Click OK to confirm.
After the controller reboots, repeat step 6 to step 17 to install the remaining file.
Reenable the WLANs.
For Cisco WiSM2, reenable the controller port channel on the Catalyst switch.
If you have disabled the 802.11 networks in Step 4, reenable them.
To verify the controller software version, choose Monitor on the controller GUI and see Software Version in the
Controller Summary area.
Step 2
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Step 3
Step 4
Copy the controller software image (filename.aes) to the default directory on your TFTP or FTP server.
(Optional) Disable the 802.11 networks.
Note
For busy networks, controllers on high utilization, or small controller platforms, we recommend that you disable
the 802.11 networks as a precautionary measure.
Step 5
Disable any WLANs on the controller (using the config wlan disable wlan_id command).
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
View current download settings by entering the transfer download start command. Answer n to the prompt to view the
current download settings.
Change the download settings, if necessary by entering these commands:
Step 9
View the current updated settings by entering the transfer download start command. Answer y to the prompt to confirm
the current download settings and start the software download.
Save the code update to nonvolatile NVRAM and reboot the controller by entering this command:
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reset system
The controller completes the bootup process.
Step 12
Step 13
After the controller reboots, repeat Steps 6 through 11 to install the remaining file.
Reenable the WLANs by entering this command:
config wlan enable wlan_id
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
For Cisco WiSMs, re-enable the controller port channel on the Catalyst switch.
If you have disabled the 802.11 networks in Step 4, renable them.
To verify the controller software that is installed, enter the show sysinfo command and see Product Version.
Step 17
To verify the Cisco Unified Wireless Network Controller Boot Software file that is installed on the controller, enter the
show sysinfo command on the controller CLI and see Recovery Image Version or Emergency Image Version.
Note
If a Cisco Unified Wireless Network Controller Boot Software ER.aes file is not installed, Recovery Image
Version or Emergency Image Version show 'N/A.'
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You issue a scheduled reboot with the swap keyword. The swap keyword has the following
importance: The swapping occurs to the primary and backup images on the access point and the
currently active image on controller with the backup image.
When the controller reboots, the access points are disassociated and eventually come up with an
upgraded image. Once the controller responds to the discovery request sent by an access point with
its discovery response packet, the access point sends a join request.
The actual upgrade of the images occur. The following sequence of actions occur:
During boot time, the access point sends a join request.
The controller responds with the join response with the image version that the controller is running.
The access point compares its running image with the running image on the controller. If the
versions match, the access point joins the controller.
If the versions do not match, the access point compares the version of the backup image and if
they match, the access point swaps the primary and backup images and reloads and subsequently
joins the controller.
If the primary image of the access point is the same as the controller image, the access point reloads
and joins the controller.
If none of the above conditions are true, the access point sends an image data request to the
controller, downloads the latest image, reloads, and joins the controller.
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At the time of the reset, if any AP is downloading the controller image, the scheduled reset is canceled.
The following message appears with the reason why the scheduled reset was canceled:
%OSAPI-3-RESETSYSTEM_FAILED: osapi_task.c:4458 System will not reset as software is
being upgraded.
Predownloading a 7.2 or later version of image on a Cisco Aironet 1240 access point is not supported
when upgrading from a previous controller release. If predownloading is attempted to the Cisco Aironet
1240 access point, the AP gets disconnected.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Copy the controller software file (filename.aes) to the default directory on your TFTP or FTP server.
(Optional) Disable the controller 802.11X networks.
Note
For busy networks, controllers on high utilization, or small controller platforms, we recommend that you disable
the 802.11X networks as a precautionary measure.
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Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
For Cisco WiSM2, shut down the controller port channel on the Catalyst switch to allow the controller to reboot before
the access points start downloading the software.
Disable any WLANs on the controller.
Choose Commands > Download File to open the Download File to Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Code.
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 10
Step 11
Enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the software in the Maximum Retries
text box and the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the software in the Timeout
text box.
In the File Path text box, enter the directory path of the software.
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the controller software file (filename.aes).
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 15
Click Download to download the software to the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the download.
Step 16
To configure the predownloading of access point images globally, choose Wireless > Access Points > Global
Configuration to open the Global Configuration page.
In the AP Image Pre-download section, perform one of the following:
Step 17
To instruct all the access points to predownload a primary image from the controller, click Download Primary
under the AP Image Pre-download.
To instruct all the access points to swap their primary and backup images, click Interchange Image.
To download an image from the controller and store it as a backup image, click Download Backup.
To abort the predownload operation, click Abort Predownload.
Step 18
Step 19
Click OK.
Click Apply.
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Copy the controller software file (filename.aes) to the default directory on your TFTP or FTP server.
(Optional) Disable the 802.11 networks.
Note
For busy networks, controllers on high utilization, or small controller platforms, we recommend that you disable
the 802.11 networks as a precautionary measure.
For Cisco WiSM2, shut down the controller port channel on the Catalyst switch to allow the controller to reboot before
the access points start downloading the software.
Disable any WLANs on the controller.
Choose Commands > Download File to open the Download File to Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Code.
Step 9
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
Step 4
Step 5
TFTP
FTP
Step 10
In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the TFTP or FTP server.
If you are using a TFTP server, the default values of 10 retries and 6 seconds for the Maximum Retries and Timeout
text boxes should work correctly without any adjustment. However, you can change these values.
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Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the software in the Maximum Retries
text box and the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the software in the Timeout
text box.
In the File Path text box, enter the directory path of the software.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the controller software file (filename.aes).
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 15
Click Download to download the software to the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the download.
Step 16
To configure the predownloading of a specific access point, choose Wireless > All APs > AP_Name to open the All
AP Details page for the selected AP.
Step 17
Step 18
Step 19
Step 20
Click OK.
Click Apply.
Step 1
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Maintenance Deployment (MD)These software releases provide bug fixes and ongoing software maintenance.
Deferred (DF)These software releases have been deferred. We recommend that you migrate to an upgraded release.
g)
h)
i)
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l)
Step 2
Step 3
Copy the controller software file (filename.aes) to the default directory on your TFTP or FTP server.
(Optional) Disable the 802.11 networks.
Note
For busy networks, controllers on high utilization, or small controller platforms, we recommend that you disable
the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n networks as a precautionary measure.
Step 4
For Cisco WiSM2, shut down the controller port channel on the Catalyst switch to allow the controller to reboot before
the access points start downloading the software.
Step 5
Disable any WLANs on the controller using the config wlan disable wlan_id command.
Step 6
Step 7
Set a reboot time for the controller and the access points.
Use one of these commands to schedule a reboot of the controller and access points:
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Specify the amount of time delay before the devices reboot by entering this command:
reset system in HH:MM:SS image {swap | no-swap} reset-aps [save-config]
Note
The swap operand in the reset command will result in the swapping of the primary and backup images
on both the controller and the access point.
The controller sends a reset message to all joined access points, and then the controller resets.
Specify a date and time for the devices to reboot by entering this command:
reset system at YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS image {swap | no-swap} reset-aps [save-config]
The controller sends a reset message to all joined access points, and then the controller resets.
Note
The swap operand in the reset command will result in the swapping of the primary and backup images
on both the controller and the access point.
Set up an SNMP trap message that announces the upcoming reset by entering this command:
reset system notify-time minutes
The controller sends the announcement trap the configured number of minutes before the reset.
Cancel the scheduled reboot by entering this command:
reset system cancel
Note
If you configure reset times and then use the config time command to change the system time on the
controller, the controller notifies you that any scheduled reset times will be canceled and must be
reconfigured after you set the system time.
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Note
The ASCII character set consists of printable and nonprintable characters. The login banner supports only
printable characters.
Here is an example of a login banner:
Welcome to the Cisco Wireless Controller!
Unauthorized access prohibited.
Contact sysadmin@corp.com for access.
Follow the instructions in this section to download a login banner to the controller through the GUI or CLI.
However, before you begin, make sure that you have a TFTP or FTP server available for the file download.
Follow these guidelines when setting up a TFTP or FTP server:
If you are downloading through the service port, the TFTP or FTP server must be on the same subnet
as the service port because the service port is not routable, or you must create static routes on the
controller.
If you are downloading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP or FTP server can be
on the same or a different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.
A third-party TFTP or FTP server cannot run on the same computer as Cisco Prime Infrastructure because
the Prime Infrastructure built-in TFTP or FTP server and the third-party TFTP or FTP server require
the same communication port.
Note
Clearing the controller configuration does not remove the login banner. See the Clearing
the Login Banner (GUI) section for information about clearing the login banner using
the controller GUI or CLI.
Note
The controller can have only one login banner file. If you download another login banner
file to the controller, the first login banner file is overwritten.
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Step 1
Step 2
Copy the login banner file to the default directory on your server.
Choose Commands > Download File to open the Download File to Controller page.
Step 3
Step 4
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 5
In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the server type you chose in Step 4.
If you are using a TFTP server, the default values of 10 retries and 6 seconds for the Maximum Retries and Timeout text
boxes should work correctly without any adjustment. However, you can change these values.
Step 6
Enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the certificate in the Maximum Retries
text box and the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the certificate in the Timeout
text box.
In the File Path text box, enter the directory path of the login banner file.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the login banner text (*.txt) file.
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Click Download to download the login banner file to the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the
download.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Specify the IP address of the TFTP or FTP server by entering this command:
transfer download serverip server-ip-address
Step 5
Specify the name of the config file to be downloaded by entering this command:
transfer download path server-path-to-file
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Step 6
Specify the directory path of the config file by entering this command:
transfer download filenamefilename.txt
Step 7
Step 8
The default values of 10 retries and a 6-second timeout should work correctly without any adjustment.
However, you can change these values. To do so, enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP
server attempts to download the software for the retries parameter and the amount of time (in seconds)
that the TFTP server attempts to download the software for the timeout parameter.
Step 9
View the download settings by entering the transfer download start command. Enter y when prompted to confirm the
current settings and start the download process.
Step 1
Choose Commands > Login Banner to open the Login Banner page.
Step 2
Step 3
Click Clear.
When prompted, click OK to clear the banner.
To clear the login banner from the controller using the controller CLI, enter the clear login-banner command.
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Note
For more information about configuring local EAP, see the Configuring Local EAP section.
Follow the instructions in this section to download a vendor-specific device certificate to the controller through
the GUI or CLI. However, before you begin, make sure you have a TFTP or FTP server available for the
certificate download. Follow these guidelines when setting up a TFTP or FTP server:
If you are downloading through the service port, the TFTP or FTP server must be on the same subnet
as the service port because the service port is not routable, or you must create static routes on the
controller.
If you are downloading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP or FTP server can be
on the same or a different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.
A third-party TFTP or FTP server cannot run on the same computer as Cisco Prime Infrastructure because
the Prime Infrastructure built-in TFTP or FTP server and the third-party TFTP or FTP server require
the same communication port.
Note
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Vendor Device Certificate.
Step 4
Step 5
In the Certificate Password text box, enter the password that was used to protect the certificate.
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 6
Step 7
Enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the certificate in the Maximum Retries
text box and the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the certificate in the Timeout
text box.
In the File Path text box, enter the directory path of the certificate.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the certificate.
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
649
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Click Download to download the device certificate to the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the
download.
After the download is complete, choose Commands > Reboot > Reboot.
If prompted to save your changes, click Save and Reboot.
Step 14
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Specify the IP address of the TFTP or FTP server by entering this command:
transfer download serverip server-ip-address
Step 6
Specify the name of the config file to be downloaded by entering this command:
transfer download path server-path-to-file
Step 7
Specify the directory path of the config file by entering this command:
transfer download filename filename.pem
Step 8
Step 9
The default values of 10 retries and a 6-second timeout should work correctly without any adjustment.
However, you can change these values. To do so, enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP
server attempts to download the software for the retries parameter and the amount of time (in seconds)
that the TFTP server attempts to download the software for the timeout parameter.
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Note
Step 10
Step 11
View the updated settings by entering the transfer download start command. Answer y when prompted to confirm the
current settings and start the download process.
Reboot the controller by entering this command:
reset system
Downloading CA Certificates
Controllers and access points have a Certificate Authority (CA) certificate that is used to sign and validate
device certificates. The controller is shipped with a Cisco-installed CA certificate. This certificate may be
used by EAP-FAST (when not using PACs), EAP-TLS, PEAP-GTC, and PEAP-MSCHAPv2 to authenticate
wireless clients during local EAP authentication. However, if you want to use your own vendor-specific CA
certificate, it must be downloaded to the controller.
Note
For more information about configuring local EAP, see the Configuring Local EAP section.
Follow the instructions in this section to download CA certificates to the controller through the GUI or CLI.
However, before you begin, make sure that you have a TFTP or FTP server available for the certificate
download. Follow these guidelines when setting up a TFTP or FTP server:
If you are downloading through the service port, the TFTP or FTP server must be on the same subnet
as the service port because the service port is not routable, or you must create static routes on the
controller.
If you are downloading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP or FTP server can be
on the same or a different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.
A third-party TFTP or FTP server cannot run on the same computer as Cisco Prime Infrastructure because
the Prime Infrastructure built-in TFTP or FTP server and the third-party TFTP or FTP server require
the same communication port.
Note
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the certificate in the Maximum Retries
text box and the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the certificate in the Timeout
text box.
In the File Path text box, enter the directory path of the certificate.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the certificate.
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log on to the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log on to the FTP server.
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Click Download to download the CA certificate to the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the download.
After the download is complete, choose Commands > Reboot > Reboot.
If prompted to save your changes, click Save and Reboot.
Click OK to confirm your decision to reboot the controller.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Specify the IP address of the TFTP or FTP server by entering this command:
transfer download serverip server-ip-address
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Step 5
Specify the directory path of the config file by entering this command:
transfer download path server-path-to-file
Step 6
Specify the name of the config file to be downloaded by entering this command:
transfer download filename filename.pem
Step 7
Step 8
The default values of 10 retries and a 6-second timeout should work correctly without any adjustment.
However, you can change these values. To do so, enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP
server attempts to download the software for the retries parameter and the amount of time (in seconds)
that the TFTP server attempts to download the software for the timeout parameter.
Step 9
Step 10
View the updated settings by entering the transfer download start command. Answer y when prompted to confirm the
current settings and start the download process.
Reboot the controller by entering the reset system command.
Uploading PACs
Protected access credentials (PACs) are credentials that are either automatically or manually provisioned and
used to perform mutual authentication with a local EAP authentication server during EAP-FAST authentication.
When manual PAC provisioning is enabled, the PAC file is manually generated on the controller.
Follow the instructions in this section to generate and load PACs from the controller through the GUI or CLI.
However, before you begin, make sure you have a TFTP or FTP server available for the PAC upload. Follow
these guidelines when setting up a TFTP or FTP server:
If you are uploading through the service port, the TFTP or FTP server must be on the same subnet as
the service port because the service port is not routable, or you must create static routes on the controller.
If you are uploading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP or FTP server can be on
the same or a different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.
A third-party TFTP or FTP server cannot run on the same computer as Cisco Prime Infrastructure because
the Prime Infrastructure built-in TFTP or FTP server and the third-party TFTP or FTP server require
the same communication port.
653
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Choose Commands > Upload File to open the Upload File from Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose PAC (Protected Access Credential).
In the User text box, enter the name of the user who will use the PAC.
In the Validity text box, enter the number of days for the PAC to remain valid. The default setting is zero (0).
In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter a password to protect the PAC.
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Click Upload to upload the PAC from the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the upload.
Follow the instructions for your wireless client to load the PAC on your client devices. Make sure to use the password
that you entered above.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Specify the IP address of the TFTP or FTP server by entering this command:
transfer upload serverip server-ip-address
Step 6
Specify the directory path of the config file by entering this command:
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Specify the name of the config file to be uploaded by entering this command:
transfer upload filename manual.pac.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
View the updated settings by entering the transfer upload start command. Answer y when prompted to confirm the
current settings and start the upload process.
Follow the instructions for your wireless client to load the PAC on your client devices. Make sure to use the password
that you entered above.
Note
Do not download a configuration file to your controller that was uploaded from a different controller
platform. For example, a Cisco 5500 Series Controller does not support the configuration file from a Cisco
2500 Series Controller.
Follow these guidelines when working with configuration files:
Any CLI with an invalid value is filtered out and set to default by the XML validation engine. Validation
occurs during bootup. A configuration may be rejected if the validation fails. A configuration may fail
if you have an invalid CLI. For example, if you have a CLI where you try to configure a WLAN without
adding appropriate commands to add the WLAN.
A configuration may be rejected if the dependencies are not addressed. For example, if you try to
configure dependent parameters without using the add command. The XML validation may succeed but
the configuration download infrastructure will immediately reject the configuration with no validation
errors.
An invalid configuration can be verified by using the show invalid-config command. The show
invalid-config command reports the configuration that is rejected by the controller either as part of
download process or by XML validation infrastructure.
Note
655
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Commands > Upload File to open the Upload File from Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Configuration.
Step 3
Encrypt the configuration file by selecting the Configuration File Encryption check box and entering the encryption
key in the Encryption Key text box.
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
Step 4
TFTP
FTP
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Click Upload to upload the configuration file to the server. A message appears indicating the status of the upload. If the
upload fails, repeat this procedure and try again.
Step 1
Specify the transfer mode used to upload the configuration file by entering this command:
transfer upload mode {tftp | ftp}
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
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Specify the directory path of the configuration file by entering this command:
transfer upload path server-path-to-file
Step 6
Specify the name of the configuration file to be uploaded by entering this command:
transfer upload filename filename
Step 7
If you are using an FTP server, enter these commands to specify the username and password used to log into the FTP
server and the port number through which the upload occurs:
transfer upload username username
transfer upload password password
transfer upload port port
Note
Step 8
Step 9
TFTP
10.10.10.4
Config/
AS_4402_4_2_55_8_Config.xml
Config File
Disabled
**************************************************
*** WARNING: Config File Encryption Disabled ***
**************************************************
Are you sure you want to start? (y/N) Y
File transfer operation completed successfully.
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Step 1
Step 2
Choose Commands > Download File to open the Download File to Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Configuration.
Step 3
If the configuration file is encrypted, select the Configuration File Encryption check box and enter the encryption key
used to decrypt the file in the Encryption Key text box.
Note
The key that you enter here should match the one entered during the upload process.
Step 4
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 5
Step 6
Enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP server attempts to download the configuration file in the Maximum
Retries text box and the amount of time (in seconds) that the TFTP server attempts to download the configuration file
in the Timeout text box.
In the File Path text box, enter the directory path of the configuration file.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the configuration file.
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Click Download to download the file to the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the download, and
the controller reboots automatically. If the download fails, repeat this procedure and try again.
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Note
The controller does not support incremental configuration downloads. The configuration file contains all
mandatory commands (all interface address commands, mgmtuser with read-write permission commands,
and interface port or LAG enable or disable commands) required to successfully complete the download.
For example, if you download only the config time ntp server index server_address command as part of
the configuration file, the download fails. Only the commands present in the configuration file are applied
to the controller, and any configuration in the controller prior to the download is removed.
Step 1
Specify the transfer mode used to download the configuration file by entering this command:
transfer download mode {tftp | ftp}
Step 2
Step 3
The key that you enter here should match the one entered during the upload process.
Step 4
Specify the IP address of the TFTP or FTP server by entering this command:
transfer download serverip server-ip-address
Step 5
Specify the directory path of the configuration file by entering this command:
transfer download path server-path-to-file
Step 6
Specify the name of the configuration file to be downloaded by entering this command:
transfer download filename filename
Step 7
Step 8
The default values of 10 retries and a 6-second timeout should work correctly without any adjustment.
However, you can change these values. To do so, enter the maximum number of times that the TFTP
server attempts to download the software for the retries parameter and the amount of time (in seconds)
that the TFTP server attempts to download the software for the timeout parameter.
If you are using an FTP server, enter these commands to specify the username and password used to log into the FTP
server and the port number through which the download occurs:
transfer upload username username
transfer upload password password
transfer upload port port
Note
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Step 9
Step 10
When prompted to confirm the current settings and start the download process, answer y.
Information similar to the following appears:
Mode.............................................
TFTP Server IP...................................
TFTP Path........................................
TFTP Filename....................................
Data Type........................................
Encryption.......................................
TFTP
10.10.10.4
Config/
AS_4402_4_2_55_8_Config.xml
Config File
Disabled
**************************************************
*** WARNING: Config File Encryption Disabled ***
**************************************************
Are you sure you want to start? (y/N)
Saving Configurations
Controllers contain two kinds of memory: volatile RAM and NVRAM. At any time, you can save the
configuration changes from active volatile RAM to nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) using one of these commands:
save configSaves the configuration from volatile RAM to NVRAM without resetting the controller.
reset systemPrompts you to confirm that you want to save configuration changes before the controller
reboots.
logoutPrompts you to confirm that you want to save configuration changes before you log out.
Step 1
Upload the configuration file to a TFTP/FTP server by performing one of the following:
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Step 3
Step 4
Read or edit the configuration file on the server. You can modify or delete existing CLI commands and add new CLI
commands to the file.
Note
To edit the configuration file, you can use either Notepad or WordPad on Windows or the VI editor on
Linux.
Save your changes to the configuration file on the server.
Download the configuration file to the controller by performing one of the following:
Download the file using the controller GUI.
Download the file using the controller CLI.
The controller converts the configuration file to an XML format, saves it to flash memory, and then reboots using the
new configuration. CLI commands with known keywords and proper syntax are converted to XML while improper CLI
commands are ignored and saved to flash memory. Any CLI commands that have invalid values are replaced with default
values. To see any ignored commands or invalid configuration values, enter this command:
show invalid-config
Note
Step 5
You cannot execute this command after the clear config or save config command.
If the downloaded configuration contains a large number of invalid CLI commands, you might want to upload the invalid
configuration to the TFTP or FTP server for analysis. To do so, perform one of the following:
Upload the invalid configuration using the controller GUI. Follow the instructions in the Uploading Configuration
Files (GUI) section but choose Invalid Config from the File Type drop-down list in Step 2 and skip Step 3.
Upload the invalid configuration using the controller CLI. Follow the instructions in the Uploading Configuration
Files (CLI) section but enter the transfer upload datatype invalid-config command in Step 2 and skip Step 3.
Step 6
The controller does not support the uploading and downloading of port configuration CLI commands. If you want to
configure the controller ports, enter these commands:
config port linktrap {port | all} {enable | disable}Enables or disables the up and down link traps for a specific
controller port or for all ports.
config port adminmode {port | all} {enable | disable}Enables or disables the administrative mode for a specific
controller port or for all ports.
Step 7
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Step 2
Step 3
Follow the instructions in the Configuring the Controller-Using the Configuration Wizard section to complete the initial
configuration.
Step 2
When you are prompted for a username, restore the factory-default settings by entering this command:
recover-config
The controller reboots and the configuration wizard starts automatically.
Step 3
Follow the instructions in the Configuring the Controller-Using the Configuration Wizard section to complete the initial
configuration.
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CHAPTER
11
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Choose Management > Local Management Users to open the Local Management Users page.
This page lists the names and access privileges of the local management users.
If you want to delete any of the user accounts from the controller, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down
arrow and choose Remove. However, deleting the default administrative user prohibits both GUI and CLI access
to the controller. Therefore, you must create a user with administrative privileges (ReadWrite) before you remove
the default user.
Click New to create a lobby ambassador account. The Local Management Users > New page appears.
In the User Name text box, enter a username for the lobby ambassador account.
Note
Management usernames must be unique because they are stored in a single database.
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter a password for the lobby ambassador account.
Note
Passwords are case sensitive. The settings for the management User Details parameters depends on the settings
that you make in the Password Policy page. The following requirements are enforced on the password
The password should contain characters from at least three of the following classes: lowercase letters,
uppercase letters, digits, and special characters.
No character in the password can be repeated more than three times consecutively.
The password should not contain a management username or the reverse letters of a username.
The password should not contain words like Cisco, oscic, admin, nimda, or any variant obtained by changing
the capitalization of letters by substituting 1, |, or ! or substituting 0 for o or substituting $ for s.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Choose LobbyAdmin from the User Access Mode drop-down list. This option enables the lobby ambassador to create
guest user accounts.
Note
The ReadOnly option creates an account with read-only privileges, and the ReadWrite option creates an
administrative account with both read and write privileges.
Click Apply to commit your changes. The new lobby ambassador account appears in the list of local management users.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
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Note
Replacing lobby-admin with read-only creates an account with read-only privileges. Replacing
lobby-admin with read-write creates an administrative account with both read and write privileges.
Log into the controller as the lobby ambassador, using the username and password. The Lobby Ambassador Guest
Management > Guest Users List page appears.
Click New to create a guest user account. The Lobby Ambassador Guest Management > Guest Users List > New page
appears.
In the User Name text box, enter a name for the guest user. You can enter up to 24 characters.
Perform one of the following:
If you want to generate an automatic password for this guest user, select the Generate Password check box. The
generated password is entered automatically in the Password and Confirm Password text boxes.
If you want to create a password for this guest user, leave the Generate Password check box unselected and enter
a password in both the Password and Confirm Password text boxes.
Note
Step 5
From the Lifetime drop-down lists, choose the amount of time (in days, hours, minutes, and seconds) that this guest user
account is to remain active. A value of zero (0) for all four text boxes creates a permanent account.
Default: 1 day
Range: 5 minutes to 30 days
The smaller of this value or the session timeout for the guest WLAN, which is the WLAN on which the guest
account is created, takes precedence. For example, if a WLAN session timeout is due to expire in 30 minutes
but the guest account lifetime has 10 minutes remaining, the account is deleted in 10 minutes upon guest account
expiry. Similarly, if the WLAN session timeout expires before the guest account lifetime, the client experiences
a recurring session timeout that requires reauthentication.
Note
You can change a guest user account with a nonzero lifetime to another lifetime value at any time while the
account is active. However, to make a guest user account permanent using the controller GUI, you must delete
the account and create it again. If desired, you can use the config netuser lifetime user_name 0 command to
make a guest user account permanent without deleting and recreating it.
From the WLAN SSID drop-down list, choose the SSID that will be used by the guest user. The only WLANs that are
listed are those WLANs for which Layer 3 web authentication has been configured.
Note
Step 6
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Step 7
Step 8
We recommend that you create a specific guest WLAN to prevent any potential conflicts. If a guest account
expires and it has a name conflict with an account on the RADIUS server and both are on the same WLAN, the
users associated with both accounts are disassociated before the guest account is deleted.
In the Description text box, enter a description of the guest user account. You can enter up to 32 characters.
Click Apply to commit your changes. The new guest user account appears in the list of guest users on the Guest Users
List page.
From this page, you can see all of the guest user accounts, their WLAN SSID, and their lifetime. You can also edit or
remove a guest user account. When you remove a guest user account, all of the clients that are using the guest WLAN
and are logged in using that accounts username are deleted.
Step 9
Note
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Step 1
Choose Security > Web Auth > Certificate to open the Web Authentication Certificate page.
This page shows the details of the current web authentication certificate.
Step 2
If you want to use a new operating system-generated web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
a) Click Regenerate Certificate. The operating system generates a new web authentication certificate, and a successfully
generated web authentication certificate message appears.
b) Reboot the controller to register the new certificate.
Step 3
If you prefer to use an externally generated web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
a) Verify that the controller can ping the TFTP server.
b) Select the Download SSL Certificate check box.
c) In the Server IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the TFTP server.
The default values of 10 retries and 6 seconds for the Maximum Retries and Timeout text boxes should work correctly
without any adjustment. However, you can change these values.
d) Enter the maximum number of times that each download can be attempted in the Maximum Retries text box and the
amount of time (in seconds) allowed for each download in the Timeout text box.
e) In the Certificate File Path text box, enter the directory path of the certificate.
f) In the Certificate File Name text box, enter the name of the certificate (certname.pem).
g) In the Certificate Password text box, enter the password for the certificate.
h) Click Apply to commit your changes. The operating system downloads the new certificate from the TFTP server.
i) Reboot the controller to register the new certificate.
Step 1
Step 2
If you want the operating system to generate a new web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
a) To generate the new certificate, enter this command:
config certificate generate webauth
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b) To reboot the controller to register the new certificate, enter this command:
reset system
Step 3
If you prefer to use an externally generated web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
Note
We recommend that the Common Name (CN) of the externally generated web authentication certificate be
1.1.1.1 (or the equivalent virtual interface IP address) in order for the clients browser to match the domains of
the web authentication URL and the web authentication certificate.
1 Specify the name, path, and type of certificate to be downloaded by entering these commands:
transfer download mode tftp
transfer download datatype webauthcert
transfer download serverip server_ip_address
transfer download path server_path_to_file
transfer download filename certname.pem
transfer download certpassword password
transfer download tftpMaxRetries retries
transfer download tftpPktTimeout timeout
The default values of 10 retries and a 6-second timeout should work correctly without any adjustment.
However, you can change these values. To do so, enter the maximum number of times that each download
can be attempted for the retries parameter and the amount of time (in seconds) allowed for each download
for the timeout parameter.
2 Start the download process by entering this command:
Note
Note
If a client uses more than 20 DNS resolved addresses, the controller overwrites the 21st address in the
first address space in the Mobile Station Control Block (MSCB) table, but the first address is still retained
in the client. If the client again tries to use the first address, it will not be reachable because the controller
does not have this address in the list of allowed addresses for the client's MSCB table.
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Note
Note
When clients connect to a WebAuth SSID with preauthorization ACL configured to allow VPN users, the
clients will get disconnected from the SSID every few minutes. Webauth SSIDs must not connect without
authenticating on the web page.
After the user clicks Yes to proceed (or if the clients browser does not display a security alert), the web
authentication system redirects the client to a login page.
To prevent the security alert from appearing, follow these steps:
1 Click View Certificate on the Security Alert page.
2 Click Install Certificate.
3 When the Certificate Import Wizard appears, click Next.
4 Choose Place all certificates in the following store and click Browse.
5 At the bottom of the Select Certificate Store page, select the Show Physical Stores check box.
6 Expand the Trusted Root Certification Authorities folder and choose Local Computer.
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7 Click OK.
8 Click Next > Finish.
9 When the The import was successful message appears, click OK.
a Because the issuer text box is blank on the controller self-signed certificate, open Internet Explorer,
choose Tools > Internet Options > Advanced, unselect the Warn about Invalid Site Certificates
check box under Security, and click OK.
10 Reboot the PC. On the next web authentication attempt, the login page appears.
The following figure shows the default web authentication login page.
Figure 96: Default Web Authentication Login Page
The default login page contains a Cisco logo and Cisco-specific text. You can choose to have the web
authentication system display one of the following:
The default login page
A modified version of the default login page
A customized login page that you configure on an external web server
A customized login page that you download to the controller
The Choosing the Default Web Authentication Login Page section provides instructions for choosing how
the web authentication login page appears.
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When the user enters a valid username and password on the web authentication login page and clicks Submit,
the web authentication system displays a successful login page and redirects the authenticated client to the
requested URL.
Figure 97: Successful Login Page
The default successful login page contains a pointer to a virtual gateway address URL:
https://1.1.1.1/logout.html. The IP address that you set for the controller virtual interface serves as the redirect
address for the login page
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Note
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Choose Security > Web Auth > Web Login Page to open the Web Login page.
From the Web Authentication Type drop-down list, choose Internal (Default).
If you want to use the default web authentication login page as is, go to Step 8. If you want to modify the default login
page, go to Step 4.
If you want to hide the Cisco logo that appears in the top right corner of the default page, choose the Cisco Logo Hide
option. Otherwise, click the Show option.
If you want the user to be directed to a particular URL (such as the URL for your company) after login, enter the desired
URL in the Redirect URL After Login text box. You can enter up to 254 characters.
Note
The controller supports web authentication redirects only to HTTP (HTTP over TCP) servers. It does not support
web authentication redirects to HTTPS (HTTP over SSL) servers.
If you want to create your own headline on the login page, enter the desired text in the Headline text box. You can enter
up to 127 characters. The default headline is Welcome to the Cisco wireless network.
If you want to create your own message on the login page, enter the desired text in the Message text box. You can enter
up to 2047 characters. The default message is Cisco is pleased to provide the Wireless LAN infrastructure for your
network. Please login and put your air space to work.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Preview to view the web authentication login page.
If you are satisfied with the content and appearance of the login page, click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Otherwise, repeat any of the previous steps as necessary to achieve your desired results.
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If you want to use the default web authentication login page as is, go to Step 7. If you want to modify the default login
page, go to Step 3.
To show or hide the Cisco logo that appears in the top right corner of the default login page, enter this command:
config custom-web weblogo {enable | disable}
If you want the user to be directed to a particular URL (such as the URL for your company) after login, enter this
command:
config custom-web redirecturl url
You can enter up to 130 characters for the URL. To change the redirect back to the default setting, enter the clear
redirecturl command.
The controller supports web authentication redirects only to HTTP (HTTP over TCP) servers. It does not support
web authentication redirects to HTTPS (HTTP over SSL) servers.
If you want to create your own headline on the login page, enter this command:
config custom-web webtitle title
Note
Step 5
You can enter up to 130 characters. The default headline is Welcome to the Cisco wireless network. To reset the
headline to the default setting, enter the clear webtitle command.
Step 6
If you want to create your own message on the login page, enter this command:
config custom-web webmessage message
You can enter up to 130 characters. The default message is Cisco is pleased to provide the Wireless LAN infrastructure
for your network. Please login and put your air space to work. To reset the message to the default setting, enter the clear
webmessage command.
Step 7
To enable or disable the web authentication logout popup window, enter this command:
config custom-web logout-popup {enable | disable}
Step 8
Step 9
Import your own logo into the web authentication login page as follows:
1 Make sure that you have a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server available for the file download. Follow these
guidelines when setting up a TFTP server:
If you are downloading through the service port, the TFTP server must be on the same subnet as the service
port because the service port is not routable, or you must create static routes on the controller.
If you are downloading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP server can be on the same or a
different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.
A third-party TFTP server cannot run on the same computer as the Cisco Prime Infrastructure because the Prime
Infrastructure built-in TFTP server and the third-party TFTP server require the same communication port.
2 Ensure that the controller can contact the TFTP server by entering this command:
ping ip-address
3 Copy the logo file (in .jpg, .gif, or .png format) to the default directory on your TFTP server. The maximum file size
is 30 kilobits. For an optimal fit, the logo should be approximately 180 pixels wide and 360 pixels high.
4 Specify the download mode by entering this command:
transfer download mode tftp
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Step 10
If you ever want to remove this logo from the web authentication login page, enter the clear webimage
command.
Follow the instructions in the Verifying the Web Authentication Login Page Settings (CLI), on page 684 section to verify
your settings.
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<tr> <td> </td></tr>
<tr align="center"> <td colspan="2"><font size="10" color="#336699">Web
Authentication</font></td></tr>
<tr align="center">
<td colspan="2"> User Name <input type="TEXT" name="username" SIZE="25"
MAXLENGTH="63" VALUE="">
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center" >
<td colspan="2"> Password <input type="Password" name="password"
SIZE="25" MAXLENGTH="24">
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td colspan="2"><input type="button" name="Submit" value="Submit" class="button"
onclick="submitAction();">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
These parameters are added to the URL when the users Internet browser is redirected to the customized login
page:
ap_macThe MAC address of the access point to which the wireless user is associated.
switch_urlThe URL of the controller to which the user credentials should be posted.
redirectThe URL to which the user is redirected after authentication is successful.
statusCodeThe status code returned from the controllers web authentication server.
wlanThe WLAN SSID to which the wireless user is associated.
The available status codes are as follows:
Status Code 1: You are already logged in. No further action is required on your part.
Status Code 2: You are not configured to authenticate against web portal. No further action is required
on your part.
Status Code 3: The username specified cannot be used at this time. Perhaps the username is already
logged into the system?
Status Code 4: You have been excluded.
Status Code 5: The User Name and Password combination you have entered is invalid. Please try again.
Note
For additional information, see the External Web Authentication with Wireless LAN
Controllers Configuration Example at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/
tk722/tk809/technologies_configuration_example09186a008076f974.shtml
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You must configure a preauthentication access control list (ACL) on the WLAN for the external web server
and then choose this ACL as the WLAN preauthentication ACL under Security Policies > Web Policy on the
WLANs > Edit page.
Choose Security > Web Auth > Web Login Page to open the Web Login page.
From the Web Authentication Type drop-down list, choose External (Redirect to external server).
In the Redirect URL after login text box, enter the URL that you want the user to be redirected after a login.
For example, you may enter your company's URL here and the users will be directed to that URL after login. The
maximum length is 254 characters. By default, the user is redirected to the URL that was entered in the user's browser
before the login page was served. of the customized web authentication login page on your web server. You can enter
up to 252 characters.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
In the External Webauth URL text box, enter the URL that is to be used for external web authentication.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 2
Specify the URL of the customized web authentication login page on your web server by entering this command:
config custom-web ext-webauth-url url
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Step 4
Step 5
Follow the instructions in the Verifying the Web Authentication Login Page Settings (CLI), on page 684 section to verify
your settings.
Additional References
See Configuring Security Solutions, on page 191 for more information on ACLs.
Note
If you load a webauth bundle with a .tar compression application that is not GNU compliant, the controller
cannot extract the files in the bundle and the following error messages appear: Extracting error and
TFTP transfer failed. Therefore, we recommend that you use an application that complies with GNU
standards, such as PicoZip, to compress the .tar file for the webauth bundle.
Note
Configuration backups do not include extra files or components, such as the webauth bundle or external
licenses, that you download and store on your controller, so you should manually save external backup
copies of those files or components.
Note
If the customized webauth bundle has more than 3 separated elements, we advise you to use an external
server to prevent page load issues that may be caused because of TCP rate-limiting policy on the controller.
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Additional References
You can download a login page example from Cisco Prime Infrastructure and use it as a starting point for
your customized login page. For more information, see the Cisco Prime Infrastructure documentation.
Copy the .tar file containing your login page to the default directory on your server.
Choose Commands > Download File to open the Download File to Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Webauth Bundle.
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
If you are using a TFTP server, enter the amount of time in seconds before the controller times out while attempting to
download the *.tar file in the Timeout text box.
The range is 1 to 254 seconds.
The default is 6 seconds.
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Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
In the File Path text box, enter the path of the .tar file to be downloaded. The default value is /.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the .tar file to be downloaded.
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
1 In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
2 In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
3 In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs.
The default value is 21.
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Copy the .tar file containing your login page to the default directory on your server.
Specify the download mode by entering this command:
transfer download mode {tftp | ftp
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
View your updated settings and answer y to the prompt to confirm the current download settings and start the download
by entering this command:
transfer download start
Step 8
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Step 9
Additional References
See Web Authentication Process.
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Different login pages are available for all web authentication types (internal, external, and customized).
However, different login failure and logout pages can be specified only when you choose customized as the
web authentication type.
Assigning Login, Login Failure, and Logout Pages per WLAN (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
These optional login, login failure, and logout pages are downloaded to the controller as webauth.tar
files.
ExternalRedirects users to an external server for authentication. If you choose this option, you must also enter
the URL of the external server in the URL text box.
You can choose specific RADIUS or LDAP servers to provide external authentication on the WLANs > Edit
(Security > AAA Servers) page. Additionally, you can define the priority in which the servers provide authentication.
Step 7
Step 8
If you chose External as the web authentication type in Step 6, choose AAA Servers and choose up to three RADIUS
and LDAP servers using the drop-down lists.
Note
The RADIUS and LDAP external servers must already be configured in order to be selectable options on the
WLANs > Edit (Security > AAA Servers) page. You can configure these servers on the RADIUS Authentication
Servers page and LDAP Servers page.
Establish the priority in which the servers are contacted to perform web authentication as follows:
Note
The default order is local, RADIUS,
LDAP.
1 Highlight the server type (local, RADIUS, or LDAP) that you want to be contacted first in the box next to the Up
and Down buttons.
2 Click Up and Down until the desired server type is at the top of the box.
3 Click the < arrow to move the server type to the priority box on the left.
4 Repeat these steps to assign priority to the other servers.
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Step 9
Step 10
Assigning Login, Login Failure, and Logout Pages per WLAN (CLI)
Step 1
Determine the ID number of the WLAN to which you want to assign a web login, login failure, or logout page by entering
this command:
show wlan summary
Step 2
If you want wireless guest users to log into a customized web login, login failure, or logout page, enter these commands
to specify the filename of the web authentication page and the WLAN for which it should display:
config wlan custom-web login-page page_name wlan_idDefines a customized login page for a given WLAN.
config wlan custom-web loginfailure-page page_name wlan_idDefines a customized login failure page for a
given WLAN.
Note
To use the controllers default login failure page, enter the config wlan custom-web loginfailure-page
none wlan_id command.
config wlan custom-web logout-page page_name wlan_idDefines a customized logout page for a given WLAN.
Note
To use the controllers default logout page, enter the config wlan custom-web logout-page none wlan_id
command.
Step 3
Redirect wireless guess users to an external server before accessing the web login page by entering this command to
specify the URL of the external server:
config wlan custom-web ext-webauth-url ext_web_url wlan_id
Step 4
Define the order in which web authentication servers are contacted by entering this command:
config wlan security web-auth server-precedence wlan_id {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap
| radius}
The default order of server web authentication is local, RADIUS and LDAP.
All external servers must be preconfigured on the controller. You can configure them on the RADIUS
Authentication Servers page and the LDAP Servers page.
Define which web authentication page displays for a wireless guest user by entering this command:
config wlan custom-web webauth-type {internal | customized | external} wlan_id
Note
Step 5
where
internal displays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.
customized displays the custom web login page that was configured in Step 2.
Note
You do not need to define the web authentication type in Step 5 for the login failure and logout pages as
they are always customized.
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Step 6
Use a WLAN-specific custom web configuration rather than a global custom web configuration by entering this command:
config wlan custom-web global disable wlan_id
If you enter the config wlan custom-web global enable wlan_id command, the custom web authentication
configuration at the global level is used.
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Note
Step 7
687
controller. This controller is configured with an interface that is mapped to a wired guest access VLAN on
the access switch.
Figure 100: Wired Guest Access Example with One Controller
If two controllers are being used, the foreign controller, which receives the wired guest traffic from the access
switch, forwards it to the anchor controller. A bidirectional EoIP tunnel is established between the foreign
and anchor controllers to handle this traffic.
Figure 101: Wired Guest Access Example with Two Controllers
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Note
Although wired guest access is managed by anchor and foreign anchors when two controllers are deployed,
mobility is not supported for wired guest access clients. In this case, DHCP and web authentication for
the client are handled by the anchor controller.
Note
You can specify the amount of bandwidth allocated to a wired guest user in the network by configuring
a QoS role and a bandwidth contract.
You can create a basic peer to peer WLAN ACL and apply it to the wired guest WLAN. This will not block
peer to peer traffic and the guest users can still communicate with each other.
689
To create a dynamic interface for wired guest user access, choose Controller > Interfaces. The Interfaces page appears.
Click New to open the Interfaces > New page.
Enter a name and VLAN ID for the new interface.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
In the Port Number text box, enter a valid port number. You can enter a number between 0 and 25 (inclusive).
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
From the Ingress Interface drop-down list, choose the VLAN that you created in Step 3. This VLAN provides a path
between the wired guest client and the controller by way of the Layer 2 access switch.
From the Egress Interface drop-down list, choose the name of the interface. This WLAN provides a path out of the
controller for wired guest client traffic.
If you want to change the authentication method (for example, from web authentication to web passthrough), choose
Security > Layer 3. The WLANs > Edit (Security > Layer 3) page appears.
Step 17
Step 18
Step 19
From the Layer 3 Security drop-down list, choose one of the following:
NoneLayer 3 security is disabled.
Web AuthenticationCauses users to be prompted for a username and password when connecting to the wireless
network. This is the default value.
Web PassthroughAllows users to access the network without entering a username and password.
Note
There should not be a Layer 3 gateway on the guest wired VLAN, as this would bypass the web
authentication done through the controller.
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Step 20
Step 21
Step 22
If you choose the Web Passthrough option, an Email Input check box appears. Select this check box if you want users
to be prompted for their e-mail address when attempting to connect to the network.
To override the global authentication configuration set on the Web Login page, select the Override Global Config check
box.
When the Web Auth Type drop-down list appears, choose one of the following options to define the web authentication
pages for wired guest users:
InternalDisplays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.
CustomizedDisplays custom web login, login failure, and logout pages. If you choose this option, three separate
drop-down lists appear for login, login failure, and logout page selection. You do not need to define a customized
page for all three options. Choose None from the appropriate drop-down list if you do not want to display a
customized page for that option.
Note
These optional login, login failure, and logout pages are downloaded to the controller as webauth.tar
files.
ExternalRedirects users to an external server for authentication. If you choose this option, you must also enter
the URL of the external server in the URL text box.
You can choose specific RADIUS or LDAP servers to provide external authentication on the WLANs > Edit
(Security > AAA Servers) page. Additionally, you can define the priority in which the servers provide authentication.
Step 23
Step 24
If you chose External as the web authentication type in Step 22, choose AAA Servers and choose up to three RADIUS
and LDAP servers using the drop-down lists.
Note
The RADIUS and LDAP external servers must already be configured in order to be selectable options on the
WLANs > Edit (Security > AAA Servers) page. You can configure these servers on the RADIUS Authentication
Servers page and LDAP Servers page.
To establish the priority in which the servers are contacted to perform web authentication as follows:
Note
The default order is local, RADIUS,
LDAP.
1 Highlight the server type (local, RADIUS, or LDAP) that you want to be contacted first in the box next to the Up
and Down buttons.
2 Click Up and Down until the desired server type is at the top of the box.
3 Click the < arrow to move the server type to the priority box on the left.
4 Repeat these steps to assign priority to the other servers.
Step 25
Step 26
Step 27
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Repeat this process if a second (anchor) controller is being used in the network.
691
Create a dynamic interface (VLAN) for wired guest user access by entering this command:
config interface create interface_name vlan_id
Step 2
If link aggregation trunk is not configured, enter this command to map a physical port to the interface:
config interface port interface_name primary_port {secondary_port}
Step 3
Step 4
Create a wired LAN for wired client traffic and associate it to an interface by entering this command:
config guest-lan create guest_lan_id interface_name
The guest LAN ID must be a value between 1 and 5 (inclusive).
Note
To delete a wired guest LAN, enter the config guest-lan delete guest_lan_id command.
Step 5
Configure the wired guest VLANs ingress interface, which provides a path between the wired guest client and the
controller by way of the Layer 2 access switch by entering this command:
config guest-lan ingress-interface guest_lan_id interface_name
Step 6
Configure an egress interface to transmit wired guest traffic out of the controller by entering this command:
config guest-lan interface guest_lan_id interface_name
Note
Step 7
If the wired guest traffic is terminating on another controller, repeat Step 4 and Step 6 for the terminating (anchor)
controller and Step 1 through Step 5 for the originating (foreign) controller. Additionally, configure the config
mobility group anchor add {guest-lan guest_lan_id | wlan wlan_id} IP_address command for both controllers.
Configure the security policy for the wired guest LAN by entering this command:
config guest-lan security {web-auth enable guest_lan_id | web-passthrough enable guest_lan_id}
Web authentication is the default
setting.
Enable or disable a wired guest LAN by entering this command:
config guest-lan {enable | disable} guest_lan_id
Note
Step 8
Step 9
If you want wired guest users to log into a customized web login, login failure, or logout page, enter these commands
to specify the filename of the web authentication page and the guest LAN for which it should display:
config guest-lan custom-web login-page page_name guest_lan_idDefines a web login page.
config guest-lan custom-web loginfailure-page page_name guest_lan_idDefines a web login failure page.
Note
To use the controllers default login failure page, enter the config guest-lan custom-web loginfailure-page
none guest_lan_id command.
To use the controllers default logout page, enter the config guest-lan custom-web logout-page none
guest_lan_id command.
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Step 10
If you want wired guest users to be redirected to an external server before accessing the web login page, enter this
command to specify the URL of the external server:
config guest-lan custom-web ext-webauth-url ext_web_url guest_lan_id
Step 11
If you want to define the order in which local (controller) or external (RADIUS, LDAP) web authentication servers are
contacted, enter this command:
config wlan security web-auth server-precedence wlan_id {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap
| radius}
The default order of server web authentication is local, RADIUS, LDAP.
All external servers must be preconfigured on the controller. You can configure them on the RADIUS
Authentication Servers page or the LDAP Servers page.
Define the web login page for wired guest users by entering this command:
config guest-lan custom-web webauth-type {internal | customized | external} guest_lan_id
Note
Step 12
where
internal displays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.
customized displays the custom web pages (login, login failure, or logout) that were configured in Step 9.
external redirects users to the URL that was configured in Step 10.
Step 13
Use a guest-LAN specific custom web configuration rather than a global custom web configuration by entering this
command:
config guest-lan custom-web global disable guest_lan_id
If you enter the config guest-lan custom-web global enable guest_lan_id command, the custom web
authentication configuration at the global level is used.
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Note
Step 14
Information on the configured web authentication appears in both the show run-config and show running-config
commands.
Display the customized web authentication settings for a specific guest LAN by entering this command:
show custom-web {all | guest-lan guest_lan_id}
Note
Step 15
If internal web authentication is configured, the Web Authentication Type displays as internal rather than external
(controller level) or customized (WLAN profile level).
Display a summary of the local interfaces by entering this command:
show interface summary
Note
Step 16
The interface name of the wired guest LAN in this example is wired-guest and its VLAN ID is
236.
Display detailed interface information by entering this command:
Note
Display the configuration of a specific wired guest LAN by entering this command:
show guest-lan guest_lan_id
Note
Step 18
Enter the show guest-lan summary command to see all wired guest LANs configured on the controller.
Display the active wired guest LAN clients by entering this command:
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CHAPTER
12
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Note
In the presence of voice traffic (in the last 100 ms), the access points defer off-channel measurements.
Each access point spends only 0.2 percent of its time off-channel. This activity is distributed across all access
points so that adjacent access points are not scanning at the same time, which could adversely affect wireless
LAN performance.
Note
When there are numerous rogue access points in the network, the chance of detecting rogues on channels
157 or 161 by a FlexConnect or local mode access point is small. In such cases, the monitor mode AP can
be used for rogue detection.
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
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Power Level
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
Overriding the TPC Algorithm with Minimum and Maximum Transmit Power Settings
The TPC algorithm balances RF power in many diverse RF environments. However, it is possible that automatic
power control will not be able to resolve some scenarios in which an adequate RF design was not possible to
implement due to architectural restrictions or site restrictionsfor example, when all access points must be
mounted in a central hallway, placing the access points close together, but requiring coverage out to the edge
of the building.
In these scenarios, you can configure maximum and minimum transmit power limits to override TPC
recommendations. The maximum and minimum TPC power settings apply to all access points through RF
profiles in a RF network.
To set the Maximum Power Level Assignment and Minimum Power Level Assignment, enter the maximum
and minimum transmit power used by RRM in the text boxes in the Tx Power Control page. The range for
these parameters is -10 to 30 dBm. The minimum value cannot be greater than the maximum value; the
maximum value cannot be less than the minimum value.
If you configure a maximum transmit power, RRM does not allow any access point attached to the controller
to exceed this transmit power level (whether the power is set by RRM TPC or by coverage hole detection).
For example, if you configure a maximum transmit power of 11 dBm, then no access point would transmit
above 11 dBm, unless the access point is configured manually.
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Note
We recommend that you use only non-overlapping channels (1, 6, 11, and so on).
The controller examines a variety of real-time RF characteristics to efficiently handle channel assignments
as follows:
Access point received energyThe received signal strength measured between each access point and
its nearby neighboring access points. Channels are optimized for the highest network capacity.
NoiseNoise can limit signal quality at the client and access point. An increase in noise reduces the
effective cell size and degrades user experience. By optimizing channels to avoid noise sources, the
controller can optimize coverage while maintaining system capacity. If a channel is unusable due to
excessive noise, that channel can be avoided.
802.11 InterferenceInterference is any 802.11 traffic that is not part of your wireless LAN, including
rogue access points and neighboring wireless networks. Lightweight access points constantly scan all
channels looking for sources of interference. If the amount of 802.11 interference exceeds a predefined
configurable threshold (the default is 10 percent), the access point sends an alert to the controller. Using
the RRM algorithms, the controller may then dynamically rearrange channel assignments to increase
system performance in the presence of the interference. Such an adjustment could result in adjacent
lightweight access points being on the same channel, but this setup is preferable to having the access
points remain on a channel that is unusable due to an interfering foreign access point.
In addition, if other wireless networks are present, the controller shifts the usage of channels to
complement the other networks. For example, if one network is on channel 6, an adjacent wireless LAN
is assigned to channel 1 or 11. This arrangement increases the capacity of the network by limiting the
sharing of frequencies. If a channel has virtually no capacity remaining, the controller may choose to
avoid this channel. In very dense deployments in which all nonoverlapping channels are occupied, the
controller does its best, but you must consider RF density when setting expectations.
Load and utilizationWhen utilization monitoring is enabled, capacity calculations can consider that
some access points are deployed in ways that carry more traffic than other access points (for example,
a lobby versus an engineering area). The controller can then assign channels to improve the access point
with the worst performance reported. The load is taken into account when changing the channel structure
to minimize the impact on clients currently in the wireless LAN. This metric keeps track of every access
points transmitted and received packet counts to determine how busy the access points are. New clients
avoid an overloaded access point and associate to a new access point. This parameter is disabled by
default.
The controller combines this RF characteristic information with RRM algorithms to make system-wide
decisions. Conflicting demands are resolved using soft-decision metrics that guarantee the best choice for
minimizing network interference. The end result is optimal channel configuration in a three-dimensional
space, where access points on the floor above and below play a major factor in an overall wireless LAN
configuration.
Note
Radios using 40-MHz channels in the 2.4-GHz band or or 80MHz channels are not supported by DCA.
The RRM startup mode is invoked in the following conditions:
In a single-controller environment, the RRM startup mode is invoked after the controller is rebooted.
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In a multiple-controller environment, the RRM startup mode is invoked after an RF Group leader is
elected.
You can trigger RRM startup mode from CLI.
RRM startup mode runs for 100 minutes (10 iterations at 10-minute intervals). The duration of the RRM
startup mode is independent of the DCA interval, sensitivity, and network size. The startup mode consists of
10 DCA runs with high sensitivity (making channel changes easy and sensitive to the environment) to converge
to a steady state channel plan. After the startup mode is finished, DCA continues to run at the specified interval
and sensitivity.
Benefits of RRM
RRM produces a network with optimal capacity, performance, and reliability. It frees you from having to
continually monitor the network for noise and interference problems, which can be transient and difficult to
troubleshoot. RRM ensures that clients enjoy a seamless, trouble-free connection throughout the Cisco unified
wireless network.
RRM uses separate monitoring and control for each deployed network: 802.11a and 802.11b/g. The RRM
algorithms run separately for each radio type (802.11a and 802.11b/g). RRM uses both measurements and
algorithms. RRM measurements can be adjusted using monitor intervals, but they cannot be disabled. RRM
algorithms are enabled automatically but can be disabled by statically configuring channel and power
assignment. The RRM algorithms run at a specified updated interval, which is 600 seconds by default.
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Configuring RRM
The controllers preconfigured RRM settings are optimized for most deployments. However, you can modify
the controllers RRM configuration parameters at any time through either the GUI or the CLI.
Note
You can configure these parameters on controllers that are part of an RF group or on controllers that are
not part of an RF group.
Note
The RRM parameters should be set to the same values on every controller in an RF group. The RF group
leader can change as a result of controller reboots or depending on which radios hear each other. If the
RRM parameters are not identical for all RF group members, varying results can occur when the group
leader changes.
Using the controller GUI, you can configure the following RRM parameters: RF group mode, transmit power
control, dynamic channel assignment, coverage hole detection, profile thresholds, monitoring channels, and
monitor intervals.
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > RF Grouping to open the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) RRM > RF
Grouping page.
From the Group Mode drop-down list, select the mode you want to configure for this Cisco WLC.
You can configure RF grouping in the following modes:
autoSets the RF group selection to automatic update mode.
leaderSets the RF group selection to static mode, and sets this Cisco WLC as the group leader.
offSets the RF group selection off. Every Cisco WLC optimizes its own access point parameters.
Note
Note
Note
A configured static leader cannot become a member of another Cisco WLC until its mode is set to
auto.
A Cisco WLC with a lower priority cannot assume the role of a group leader if a Cisco WLC with a higher
priority is available. Here priority is related to the processing power of the Cisco WLC.
We recommend that Cisco WLCs participate in automatic RF grouping. You can override RRM settings
without disabling automatic RF group participation.
Step 3
Click Apply to save the configuration and click Restart to restart RRM RF Grouping algorithm.
Step 4
If you configured RF Grouping mode for this Cisco WLC as a static leader, you can add group members from the RF
Group Members section as follows:
1 In the Cisco WLC Name text box, enter the Cisco WLC that you want to add as a member to this group.
2 In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the Cisco WLC.
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Step 5
Step 6
If the member has not joined the static leader, the reason of the failure is shown in parentheses.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 2
A configured static leader cannot become a member of another Cisco WLC until its mode is set to
auto.
A Cisco WLC with a lower priority cannot assume the role of a group leader if a Cisco WLC with higher
priority is available. Here priority is related to the processing power of the Cisco WLC.
Add or remove a Cisco WLC as a static member of the RF group (if the mode is set to leader) by entering the these
commands:
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} group-member add controller_name controller_ip_address
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} group-member remove controller_name controller_ip_address
Step 3
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > TPC to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) > RRM > Tx Power
Control (TPC) page.
Choose the Transmit Power Control version from the following options:
701
Interference Optimal Mode (TPCv2)For scenarios where voice calls are extensively used. Transmit power is
dynamically adjusted with the goal of minimum interference. It is suitable for dense networks. In this mode, there
could be higher roaming delays and coverage hole incidents.
Note
We recommend that you use TCPv2 only in cases where RF issues cannot be resolved by using TCPv1.
Please evaluate and test the use of TPCv2 with the assistance of Cisco Services.
Coverage Optimal Mode (TPCv1)(Default) Offers strong signal coverage and stability. In this mode, power can
be kept low to gain extra capacity and reduce interference.
Step 3
Choose one of the following options from the Power Level Assignment Method drop-down list to specify the Cisco
WLCs dynamic power assignment mode:
AutomaticCauses the Cisco WLC to periodically evaluate and, if necessary, update the transmit power for all
joined access points. This is the default value.
On DemandCauses the Cisco WLC to periodically evaluate the transmit power for all joined access points.
However, the Cisco WLC updates the power, if necessary, only when you click Invoke Power Update Now.
Note
The Cisco WLC does not evaluate and update the transmit power immediately after you click Invoke
Power Update Now. It waits for the next 600-second interval. This value is not configurable.
FixedPrevents the Cisco WLC from evaluating and, if necessary, updating the transmit power for joined access
points. The power level is set to the fixed value chosen from the drop-down list.
Note
Note
Step 4
The transmit power level is assigned an integer value instead of a value in mW or dBm. The integer
corresponds to a power level that varies depending on the regulatory domain, channel, and antennas in
which the access points are deployed.
For optimal performance, we recommend that you use the Automatic
setting.
Enter the maximum and minimum power level assignment values in the Maximum Power Level Assignment and Minimum
Power Level Assignment text boxes.
The range for the Maximum Power Level Assignment is 10 to 30 dBm.
The range for the Minimum Power Level Assignment is 10 to 30 dBm.
Step 5
In the Power Threshold text box, enter the cutoff signal level used by RRM when determining whether to reduce an
access points power. The default value for this parameter is 70 dBm for TPCv1 and 67 dBm for TPCv2, but can be
changed when access points are transmitting at higher (or lower) than desired power levels.
The range for this parameter is 80 to 50 dBm. Increasing this value (between 65 and 50 dBm) causes the access
points to operate at a higher transmit power. Decreasing the value has the opposite effect.
In applications with a dense population of access points, it may be useful to decrease the threshold to 80 or 75 dBm
to reduce the number of BSSIDs (access points) and beacons seen by the wireless clients. Some wireless clients might
have difficulty processing a large number of BSSIDs or a high beacon rate and might exhibit problematic behavior with
the default threshold.
This page also shows the following nonconfigurable transmit power level parameter settings:
Power Neighbor CountThe minimum number of neighbors an access point must have for the transmit power
control algorithm to run.
Power Assignment LeaderThe MAC address of the RF group leader, which is responsible for power level
assignment.
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Last Power Level AssignmentThe last time RRM evaluated the current transmit power level assignments.
Step 6
Click Apply.
Step 7
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Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click the ID number of the WLAN to which you want to configure off-channel scanning Defer.
Choose the Advanced tab from the WLANs > Edit page.
Step 4
From the Off Channel Scanning Defer section, set the Scan Defer Priority by clicking on the priority argument.
Step 5
Set the time in milliseconds in the Scan Defer Time text box.
Valid values are 100 through 60000. The default value is 100 milliseconds.
Step 6
Step 1
Step 2
Assign the channel scan defer time (in milliseconds) by entering this command:
config wlan channel-scan defer-time msec WLAN-id
The time value is in miliseconds (ms) and the valid range is 100 (default) to 60000 (60 seconds). This setting should
match the requirements of the equipment on your wireless LAN.
You can also configure this feature on the Cisco WLC GUI by selecting WLANs, and either edit an existing WLAN or
create a new one.
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Note
This functionality is helpful when you know that the clients do not support certain channels because they
are legacy devices or they have certain regulatory restrictions.
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > DCA to open the Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) page.
Step 3
Choose one of the following options from the Channel Assignment Method drop-down list to specify the Cisco WLCs
DCA mode:
AutomaticCauses the Cisco WLC to periodically evaluate and, if necessary, update the channel assignment for
all joined access points. This is the default value.
FreezeCauses the Cisco WLC to evaluate and update the channel assignment for all joined access points, if
necessary, but only when you click Invoke Channel Update Once.
Note
The Cisco WLC does not evaluate and update the channel assignment immediately after you click Invoke
Channel Update Once. It waits for the next interval to elapse.
OFFTurns off DCA and sets all access point radios to the first channel of the band, which is the default value.
If you choose this option, you must manually assign channels on all radios.
Note
Step 4
Step 5
For optimal performance, we recommend that you use the Automatic setting. See the Disabling Dynamic
Channel and Power Assignment (GUI), on page 726 section for instructions on how to disable the Cisco
WLCs dynamic channel and power settings.
From the Interval drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify how often the DCA algorithm is allowed
to run: 10 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. The default value is
10 minutes.
Note
If your Cisco WLC supports only OfficeExtend access points, we recommend that you set the DCA interval to
6 hours for optimal performance. For deployments with a combination of OfficeExtend access points and local
access points, the range of 10 minutes to 24 hours can be used.
From the AnchorTime drop-down list, choose a number to specify the time of day when the DCA algorithm is to start.
The options are numbers between 0 and 23 (inclusive) representing the hour of the day from 12:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
Step 6
Select the Avoid Foreign AP Interference check box to cause the Cisco WLCs RRM algorithms to consider 802.11
traffic from foreign access points (those not included in your wireless network) when assigning channels to lightweight
access points, or unselect it to disable this feature. For example, RRM may adjust the channel assignment to have access
points avoid channels close to foreign access points. The default value is selected.
Step 7
Select the Avoid Cisco AP Load check box to cause the Cisco WLCs RRM algorithms to consider 802.11 traffic from
Cisco lightweight access points in your wireless network when assigning channels, or unselect it to disable this feature.
For example, RRM can assign better reuse patterns to access points that carry a heavier traffic load. The default value
is unselected.
Step 8
Select the Avoid Non-802.11a (802.11b) Noise check box to cause the Cisco WLCs RRM algorithms to consider noise
(non-802.11 traffic) in the channel when assigning channels to lightweight access points, or unselect it to disable this
705
Step 9
Step 10
feature. For example, RRM may have access points avoid channels with significant interference from nonaccess point
sources, such as microwave ovens. The default value is selected.
Select the Avoid Persistent Non-WiFi Interference check box to enable the Cisco WLC to ignore persistent non-WiFi
interference.
From the DCA Channel Sensitivity drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify how sensitive the
DCA algorithm is to environmental changes such as signal, load, noise, and interference when determining whether to
change channels:
LowThe DCA algorithm is not particularly sensitive to environmental changes.
MediumThe DCA algorithm is moderately sensitive to environmental changes.
HighThe DCA algorithm is highly sensitive to environmental changes.
The default value is Medium. The DCA sensitivity thresholds vary by radio band, as noted in the table below.
Table 42: DCA Sensitivity Thresholds
Step 11
Option
High
5 dB
5 dB
Medium
10 dB
15 dB
Low
20 dB
20 dB
For 802.11a/n networks only, choose one of the following channel width options to specify the channel bandwidth
supported for all 802.11n radios in the 5-GHz band:
20 MHzThe 20-MHz channel bandwidth (default)
40 MHzThe 40-MHz channel bandwidth
Note
Note
Note
Note
If you choose 40 MHz, be sure to choose at least two adjacent channels from the DCA Channel List in
Step 13 (for example, a primary channel of 36 and an extension channel of 40). If you choose only one
channel, that channel is not used for 40-MHz channel width.
If you choose 40 MHz, you can also configure the primary and extension channels used by individual
access points.
To override the globally configured DCA channel width setting, you can statically configure an access
points radio for 20- or 40-MHz mode on the 802.11a/n Cisco APs > Configure page. if you then change
the static RF channel assignment method to WLC Controlled on the access point radio, the global DCA
configuration overrides the channel width configuration that the access point was previously using. It can
take up to 30 minutes (depending on how often DCA is configured to run) for the change to take effect.
If you choose 40 MHz on the A radio, you cannot pair channels 116, 140, and 165 with any other channels.
This page also shows the following nonconfigurable channel parameter settings:
Channel Assignment LeaderThe MAC address of the RF group leader, which is responsible for channel assignment.
Last Auto Channel AssignmentThe last time RRM evaluated the current channel assignments.
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Step 12
Step 13
Select the Avoid check for non-DFS channel to enable the Cisco WLC to avoid checks for non-DFS channels. DCA
configuration requires at least one non-DFS channel in the list. In the EU countries, outdoor deployments do not support
non-DFS channels. Customers based in EU or regions with similar regulations must enable this option or at least have
one non-DFS channel in the DCA list even if the channel is not supported by the APs.
Note
This parameter is applicable only for deployments having outdoor access points such as 1522 and
1524.
In the DCA Channel List area, the DCA Channels text box shows the channels that are currently selected. To choose a
channel, select its check box in the Select column. To exclude a channel, unselect its check box.
The ranges are as follows: 802.11a36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 132, 136, 140, 149, 153,
157, 161, 165, 190, 196 802.11b/g1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
The defaults are as follows: 802.11a36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 132, 136, 140, 149, 153,
157, 161 802.11b/g1, 6, 11
These extended UNII-2 channels in the 802.11a band do not appear in the channel list: 100, 104, 108, 112, 116,
132, 136, and 140. If you have Cisco Aironet 1520 series mesh access points in the -E regulatory domain, you
must include these channels in the DCA channel list before you start operation. If you are upgrading from a
previous release, verify that these channels are included in the DCA channel list. To include these channels in
the channel list, select the Extended UNII-2 Channels check box.
If you are using Cisco Aironet 1520 series mesh access points in your network, you need to set the 4.9-GHz channels in
the 802.11a band on which they are to operate. The 4.9-GHz band is for public safety client access traffic only. To choose
a 4.9-GHz channel, select its check box in the Select column. To exclude a channel, unselect its check box.
The ranges are as follows: 802.11a1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26
Note
Step 14
Click Apply.
Reenable the 802.11 networks as follows:
1 Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Network to open the Global Parameters page.
2 Select the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network Status check box.
3 Click Apply.
Step 17
Step 1
707
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > Coverage to open the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g/n) > RRM >
Coverage page.
Select the Enable Coverage Hole Detection check box to enable coverage hole detection, or unselect it to disable this
feature. If you enable coverage hole detection, the Cisco WLC automatically determines, based on data received from
the access points, if any access points have clients that are potentially located in areas with poor coverage. The default
value is selected.
In the Data RSSI text box, enter the minimum receive signal strength indication (RSSI) value for data packets received
by the access point. The value that you enter is used to identify coverage holes (or areas of poor coverage) within your
network. If the access point receives a packet in the data queue with an RSSI value below the value that you enter here,
a potential coverage hole has been detected. The valid range is 90 to 60 dBm, and the default value is 80 dBm. The
access point takes data RSSI measurements every 5 seconds and reports them to the Cisco WLC in 90-second intervals.
In the Voice RSSI text box, enter the minimum receive signal strength indication (RSSI) value for voice packets received
by the access point. The value that you enter is used to identify coverage holes within your network. If the access point
receives a packet in the voice queue with an RSSI value below the value that you enter here, a potential coverage hole
has been detected. The valid range is 90 to 60 dBm, and the default value is 75 dBm. The access point takes voice
RSSI measurements every 5 seconds and reports them to the Cisco WLC in 90-second intervals.
In the Min Failed Client Count per AP text box, enter the minimum number of clients on an access point with an RSSI
value at or below the data or voice RSSI threshold. The valid range is 1 to 75, and the default value is 3.
In the Coverage Exception Level per AP text box, enter the percentage of clients on an access point that are experiencing
a low signal level but cannot roam to another access point. The valid range is 0 to 100%, and the default value is 25%.
Note
If both the number and percentage of failed packets exceed the values configured for Failed Packet Count and
Failed Packet Percentage (configurable through the Cisco WLC CLI) for a 5-second period, the client is considered
to be in a pre-alarm condition. The Cisco WLC uses this information to distinguish between real and false
coverage holes. False positives are generally due to the poor roaming logic implemented on most clients. A
coverage hole is detected if both the number and percentage of failed clients meet or exceed the values entered
in the Min Failed Client Count per AP and Coverage Exception Level per AP text boxes over a 90-second
period. The Cisco WLC determines if the coverage hole can be corrected and, if appropriate, mitigates the
coverage hole by increasing the transmit power level for that specific access point.
Step 8
Click Apply.
Step 9
Step 10
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Configuring RRM Profile Thresholds, Monitoring Channels, and Monitor Intervals (GUI)
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > General to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) > RRM >
General page.
Configure profile thresholds used for alarming as follows:
Note
The profile thresholds have no bearing on the functionality of the RRM algorithms. Lightweight access points
send an SNMP trap (or an alert) to the Cisco WLC when the values set for these threshold parameters are
exceeded.
a) In the Interference text box, enter the percentage of interference (802.11 traffic from sources outside of your wireless
network) on a single access point. The valid range is 0 to 100%, and the default value is 10%.
b) In the Clients text box, enter the number of clients on a single access point. The valid range is 1 to 75, and the default
value is 12.
c) In the Noise text box, enter the level of noise (non-802.11 traffic) on a single access point. The valid range is 127
to 0 dBm, and the default value is 70 dBm.
d) In the Utilization text box, enter the percentage of RF bandwidth being used by a single access point. The valid range
is 0 to 100%, and the default value is 80%.
Step 3
From the Channel List drop-down list, choose one of the following options to specify the set of channels that the access
point uses for RRM scanning:
All ChannelsRRM channel scanning occurs on all channels supported by the selected radio, which includes
channels not allowed in the country of operation.
Country ChannelsRRM channel scanning occurs only on the data channels in the country of operation. This is
the default value.
DCA ChannelsRRM channel scanning occurs only on the channel set used by the DCA algorithm, which by
default includes all of the non-overlapping channels allowed in the country of operation. However, you can specify
the channel set to be used by DCA if desired. To do so, follow instructions in the Dynamic Channel Assignment.
Step 4
709
Note
Note
If your Cisco WLC supports only OfficeExtend access points, we recommend that you set the neighbor
packet frequency to 600 seconds for optimal performance. For deployments with a combination of
OfficeExtend access points and local access points, the range of 60 to 3600 seconds can be used.
If the access point radio does not receive a neighbor packet from an existing neighbor within 60 minutes,
the Cisco WLC deletes that neighbor from the neighbor list.
Step 5
Click Apply.
Step 6
Step 2
Step 3
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maximum transmit power of 11 dBm, then no access point would transmit above 11 dBm, unless the access point
is configured manually.
Manually change the default transmit power setting by entering this command:
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} {tpcv1-thresh | tpcv2-thresh} threshold
where threshold is a value from 80 to 50 dBm. Increasing this value causes the access points to operate at higher
transmit power rates. Decreasing the value has the opposite effect.
In applications with a dense population of access points, it may be useful to decrease the threshold to 80 or 75
dBm in order to reduce the number of BSSIDs (access points) and beacons seen by the wireless clients. Some
wireless clients may have difficulty processing a large number of BSSIDs or a high beacon rate and may exhibit
problematic behavior with the default threshold.
Configure the Transmit Power Control Version 2 on a per-channel basis by entering this command:
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} tpcv2-per-chan {enable | disable}
Step 4
Step 5
If your Cisco WLC supports only OfficeExtend access points, we recommend that you set the DCA interval
to 6 hours for optimal performance. For deployments with a combination of OfficeExtend access points
and local access points, the range of 10 minutes to 24 hours can be used.
711
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel dca sensitivity {low | medium | high}Specifies how sensitive
the DCA algorithm is to environmental changes such as signal, load, noise, and interference when determining
whether to change channel.
low means that the DCA algorithm is not particularly sensitive to environmental changes.
medium means that the DCA algorithm is moderately sensitive to environmental changes.
high means that the DCA algorithm is highly sensitive to environmental changes.
The DCA sensitivity thresholds vary by radio band, as noted in following table.
Table 43: DCA Sensitivity Thresholds
Option
High
5 dB
5 dB
Medium
10 dB
15 dB
Low
20 dB
20 dB
config advanced 802.11a channel dca chan-width-11n {20 | 40}Configures the DCA channel width for all
802.11n radios in the 5-GHz band.
where
20 sets the channel width for 802.11n radios to 20 MHz. This is the default value.
40 sets the channel width for 802.11n radios to 40 MHz.
Note
Note
Note
If you choose 40, be sure to set at least two adjacent channels in the config advanced 802.11a
channel {add | delete} channel_number command in Step 4 (for example, a primary channel of 36
and an extension channel of 40). If you set only one channel, that channel is not used for 40-MHz
channel width.
If you choose 40, you can also configure the primary and extension channels used by individual
access points.
To override the globally configured DCA channel width setting, you can statically configure an
access points radio for 20-MHz or 40-MHz mode using the config 802.11a chan_width Cisco_AP
{20 | 40} command. If you change the static configuration to global on the access point radio, the
global DCA configuration overrides the channel width configuration that the access point was
previously using. It can take up to 30 minutes (depending on how often DCA is configured to run)
for the change to take effect.
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel outdoor-ap-dca {enable | disable}Enables or disables to the
Cisco WLC to avoid checks for non-DFS channels.
Note
This parameter is applicable only for deployments having outdoor access points such as 1522 and
1524.
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel foreign {enable | disable}Enables or disables foreign access
point interference avoidance in the channel assignment.
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config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel load {enable | disable}Enables or disables load avoidance in
the channel assignment.
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel noise {enable | disable}Enables or disables noise avoidance in
the channel assignment.
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel updateInitiates an update of the channel selection for every
Cisco access point.
Step 6
Step 7
If both the number and percentage of failed packets exceed the values entered in the packet-count and
fail-rate commands for a 5-second period, the client is considered to be in a pre-alarm condition. The
Cisco WLC uses this information to distinguish between real and false coverage holes. False positives are
generally due to the poor roaming logic implemented on most clients. A coverage hole is detected if both
the number and percentage of failed clients meet or exceed the values entered in the coverage level global
and coverage exception global commands over a 90-second period. The Cisco WLC determines if the
coverage hole can be corrected and, if appropriate, mitigates the coverage hole by increasing the transmit
power level for that specific access point.
713
Note
Step 8
To enable the 802.11g network, enter config 802.11b 11gSupport enable after the config 802.11b enable
network command.
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powerEnables debugging for the RRM power assignment protocol as well as coverage hole detection.
profileEnables debugging for RRM profile events.
radarEnables debugging for the RRM radar detection/avoidance protocol.
rf-changeEnables debugging for RRM RF changes.
715
Configuring RF Groups
Information About RF Groups
An RF group is a logical collection of Cisco WLCs that coordinate to perform RRM in a globally optimized
manner to perform network calculations on a per-radio basis. An RF group exists for each 802.11 network
type. Clustering Cisco WLCs into a single RF group enable the RRM algorithms to scale beyond the capabilities
of a single Cisco WLC.
RF group is created based on following parameters:
User-configured RF network name.
Neighbor discovery performed at the radio level.
Country list configured on MC.
RF grouping runs between MCs.
Lightweight access points periodically send out neighbor messages over the air. Access points using the the
same RF group name validate messages from each other.
When access points on different Cisco WLCs hear validated neighbor messages at a signal strength of 80
dBm or stronger, the Cisco WLCs dynamically form an RF neighborhood in auto mode. In static mode, the
leader is manually selected and the members are added to the RF Group. To know more about RF Group
modes, RF Group Leader.
Note
RF groups and mobility groups are similar in that they both define clusters of Cisco WLCs, but they are
different in terms of their use. An RF group facilitates scalable, system-wide dynamic RF management
while a mobility group facilitates scalable, system-wide mobility and Cisco WLC redundancy.
RF Group Leader
Starting in the 7.0.116.0 release, the RF Group Leader can be configured in two ways as follows:
Auto ModeIn this mode, the members of an RF group elect an RF group leader to maintain a master
power and channel scheme for the group. The RF grouping algorithm dynamically chooses the RF group
leader and ensures that an RF group leader is always present. Group leader assignments can and do
change (for instance, if the current RF group leader becomes inoperable or if RF group members
experience major changes).
Static ModeIn this mode, the user selects a Cisco WLC as an RF group leader manually. In this mode,
the leader and the members are manually configured and are therefore fixed. If the members are unable
to join the RF group, the reason is indicated. The leader tries to establish a connection with a member
every 1 minute if the member has not joined in the previous attempt.
The RF group leader analyzes real-time radio data collected by the system, calculates the power and channel
assignments, and sends them to each of the Cisco WLCs in the RF group. The RRM algorithms ensure
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system-wide stability and restrain channel and power scheme changes to the appropriate local RF
neighborhoods.
In Cisco WLC software releases prior to 6.0, the dynamic channel assignment (DCA) search algorithm attempts
to find a good channel plan for the radios associated to Cisco WLCs in the RF group, but it does not adopt a
new channel plan unless it is considerably better than the current plan. The channel metric of the worst radio
in both plans determines which plan is adopted. Using the worst-performing radio as the single criterion for
adopting a new channel plan can result in pinning or cascading problems.
Pinning occurs when the algorithm could find a better channel plan for some of the radios in an RF group but
is prevented from pursuing such a channel plan change because the worst radio in the network does not have
any better channel options. The worst radio in the RF group could potentially prevent other radios in the group
from seeking better channel plans. The larger the network, the more likely pinning becomes.
Cascading occurs when one radios channel change results in successive channel changes to optimize the
remaining radios in the RF neighborhood. Optimizing these radios could lead to their neighbors and their
neighbors neighbors having a suboptimal channel plan and triggering their channel optimization. This effect
could propagate across multiple floors or even multiple buildings, if all the access point radios belong to the
same RF group. This change results in considerable client confusion and network instability.
The main cause of both pinning and cascading is the way in which the search for a new channel plan is
performed and that any potential channel plan changes are controlled by the RF circumstances of a single
radio. In Cisco WLC software release 6.0, the DCA algorithm has been redesigned to prevent both pinning
and cascading. The following changes have been implemented:
Multiple local searchesThe DCA search algorithm performs multiple local searches initiated by
different radios within the same DCA run rather than performing a single global search driven by a
single radio. This change addresses both pinning and cascading while maintaining the desired flexibility
and adaptability of DCA and without jeopardizing stability.
Multiple channel plan change initiators (CPCIs)Previously, the single worst radio was the sole initiator
of a channel plan change. Now each radio within the RF group is evaluated and prioritized as a potential
initiator. Intelligent randomization of the resulting list ensures that every radio is eventually evaluated,
which eliminates the potential for pinning.
Limiting the propagation of channel plan changes (Localization)For each CPCI radio, the DCA
algorithm performs a local search for a better channel plan, but only the CPCI radio itself and its one-hop
neighboring access points are actually allowed to change their current transmit channels. The impact of
an access point triggering a channel plan change is felt only to within two RF hops from that access
point, and the actual channel plan changes are confined to within a one-hop RF neighborhood. Because
this limitation applies across all CPCI radios, cascading cannot occur.
Non-RSSI-based cumulative cost metricA cumulative cost metric measures how well an entire region,
neighborhood, or network performs with respect to a given channel plan. The individual cost metrics of
all access points in that area are considered in order to provide an overall understanding of the channel
plans quality. These metrics ensure that the improvement or deterioration of each single radio is factored
into any channel plan change. The objective is to prevent channel plan changes in which a single radio
improves but at the expense of multiple other radios experiencing a considerable performance decline.
The RRM algorithms run at a specified updated interval, which is 600 seconds by default. Between update
intervals, the RF group leader sends keepalive messages to each of the RF group members and collects real-time
RF data.
717
Note
Several monitoring intervals are also available. See the Configuring RRM section for details.
RF Group Name
A Cisco WLC is configured with an RF group name, which is sent to all access points joined to the Cisco
WLC and used by the access points as the shared secret for generating the hashed MIC in the neighbor
messages. To create an RF group, you configure all of the Cisco WLCs to be included in the group with the
same RF group name.
If there is any possibility that an access point joined to a Cisco WLC may hear RF transmissions from an
access point on a different Cisco WLC, you should configure the Cisco WLCs with the same RF group name.
If RF transmissions between access points can be heard, then system-wide RRM is recommended to avoid
802.11 interference and contention as much as possible.
8500
7500
5500
WiSM2
6000
6000
1000
2000
Maximum AP
Groups
6000
6000
500
500
Configuring RF Groups
This section describes how to configure RF groups through either the GUI or the CLI.
Note
The RF group name is generally set at deployment time through the Startup Wizard. However, you can
change it as necessary.
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Note
When the multiple-country feature is being used, all Cisco WLCs intended to join the same RF group
must be configured with the same set of countries, configured in the same order.
Note
You can also configure RF groups using the Cisco Prime Infrastructure.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Enter a name for the RF group in the RF-Network Name text box. The name can contain up to 19 ASCII characters.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 4
Step 5
Repeat this procedure for each controller that you want to include in the RF group.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Repeat this procedure for each controller that you want to include in the RF group.
Note
You can also view the status of RF groups using the Cisco Prime Infrastructure.
719
Step 1
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n > or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > RF Grouping to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) RRM
> RF Grouping page.
This page shows the details of the RF group, displaying the configurable parameter RF Group mode, the RF Group
role of this Cisco WLC, the Update Interval and the Cisco WLC name and IP address of the Group Leader to this
Cisco WLC.
Note
RF grouping mode can be set using the Group Mode drop-down list.
Tip Once a Cisco WLC has joined as a static member and you want to change the grouping mode, we recommend
that you remove the member from the configured static-leader and also make sure that a member Cisco WLC
has not been configured to be a member on multiple static leaders. This is to avoid repeated join attempts from
one or more RF static leaders.
Step 2
(Optional) Repeat this procedure for the network type that you did not select (802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n).
Step 1
See which Cisco WLC is the RF group leader for the 802.11a RF network by entering this command:
show advanced 802.11a group
Information similar to the following appears:
Radio RF Grouping
802.11a Group Mode.............................
802.11a Group Update Interval..................
802.11a Group Leader...........................
802.11a Group Member.........................
802.11a Last Run...............................
STATIC
600 seconds
test (209.165.200.225)
test (209.165.200.225)
397 seconds ago
This output shows the details of the RF group, specifically the grouping mode for the Cisco WLC, how often the group
information is updated (600 seconds by default), the IP address of the RF group leader, the IP address of this Cisco WLC,
and the last time the group information was updated.
If the IP addresses of the group leader and the group member are identical, this Cisco WLC is currently the
group leader.
Note
A * indicates that the Cisco WLC has not joined as a static
member.
See which Cisco WLC is the RF group leader for the 802.11b/g RF network by entering this command:
show advanced 802.11b group
Note
Step 2
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Overriding RRM
Information About Overriding RRM
In some deployments, it is desirable to statically assign channel and transmit power settings to the access
points instead of relying on the RRM algorithms provided by Cisco. Typically, this is true in challenging RF
environments and non standard deployments but not the more typical carpeted offices.
Note
If you choose to statically assign channels and power levels to your access points and/or to disable dynamic
channel and power assignment, you should still use automatic RF grouping to avoid spurious rogue device
events.
You can disable dynamic channel and power assignment globally for a Cisco WLC, or you can leave dynamic
channel and power assignment enabled and statically configure specific access point radios with a channel
and power setting. While you can specify a global default transmit power parameter for each network type
that applies to all the access point radios on a Cisco WLC, you must set the channel for each access point
radio when you disable dynamic channel assignment. You may also want to set the transmit power for each
access point instead of leaving the global transmit power in effect.
Step 1
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Radios
page.
721
This page shows all the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n access point radios that are joined to the Cisco WLC and their current
settings. The Channel text box shows both the primary and extension channels and uses an asterisk to indicate if they
are globally assigned.
Step 2
Step 3
Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the access point for which you want to modify the radio configuration
and choose Configure. The 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Cisco APs > Configure page appears.
Specify the RF Channel Assignment from the following options:
GlobalChoose this to specify a global value.
CustomChoose this and then select a value from the adjacent drop-down list to specify a custom value.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
In the RF Channel Assignment area, choose Custom for the Assignment Method under RF Channel Assignment and
choose a channel from the drop-down list to assign an RF channel to the access point radio.
In the Tx Power Level Assignment area, choose the Custom assignment method and choose a transmit power level from
the drop-down list to assign a transmit power level to the access point radio.
The transmit power level is assigned an integer value instead of a value in mW or dBm. The integer corresponds to a
power level that varies depending on the regulatory domain in which the access points are deployed. The number of
available power levels varies based on the access point model. However, power level 1 is always the maximum power
level allowed per country code setting, with each successive power level representing 50% of the previous power level.
For example, 1 = maximum power level in a particular regulatory domain, 2 = 50% power, 3 = 25% power, 4 = 12.5%
power, and so on.
Note
See the hardware installation guide for your access point for the maximum transmit power levels supported per
regulatory domain. Also, see the data sheet for your access point for the number of power levels supported.
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If the access point is not operating at full power, the Due to low PoE, radio is transmitting at degraded power
message appears under the Tx Power Level Assignment section.
Choose Enable from the Admin Status drop-down list to enable this configuration for the access point.
Click Apply.
Have the Cisco WLC send the access point radio admin state immediately to Cisco Prime Infrastructure as follows:
Note
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
1 Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Network to open the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Global Parameters
page.
2 Select the 802.11a (or 802.11b/g) Network Status check box.
3 Click Apply.
Step 10
Step 11
Step 1
Disable the radio of a particular access point on the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} disable Cisco_AP
Step 2
Configure the channel width for a particular access point by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} chan_width Cisco_AP {20 | 40}
where
20 allows the radio to communicate using only 20-MHz channels. Choose this option for legacy 802.11a radios,
20-MHz 802.11n radios, or 40-MHz 802.11n radios that you want to operate using only 20-MHz channels. This
is the default value.
40 allows 40-MHz 802.11n radios to communicate using two adjacent 20-MHz channels bonded together. The
radio uses the primary channel that you choose as well as its extension channel for faster throughput. Each channel
has only one extension channel (36 and 40 are a pair, 44 and 48 are a pair, and so on). For example, if you choose
a primary channel of 44, the Cisco WLC would use channel 48 as the extension channel. If you choose a primary
channel of 48, the Cisco WLC would use channel 44 as the extension channel.
Note
Step 3
Note
This parameter can be configured only if the primary channel is statically assigned.
Note
Statically configuring an access points radio for 20-MHz or 40-MHz mode overrides the globally configured
DCA channel width setting (configured using the config advanced 802.11a channel dca chan-width-11n
{20 | 40} command). If you ever change the static configuration back to global on the access point radio,
the global DCA configuration overrides the channel width configuration that the access point was previously
using. It can take up to 30 minutes (depending on how often DCA is configured to run) for the change to
take effect.
Channels 116, 120, 124, and 128 are not available in the U.S. and Canada for 40-MHz channel bonding.
Enable or disable the use of specific antennas for a particular access point by entering this command:
723
config {802.11a | 802.11b} 11nsupport antenna {tx | rx} Cisco_AP {A | B | C} {enable | disable}
where A, B, and C are antenna ports. A is the right antenna port, B is the left antenna port, and C is the center antenna
port. For example, to enable transmissions from the antenna in access point AP1s antenna port C on the 802.11a network,
you would enter this command:
config 802.11a 11nsupport antenna tx AP1 C enable
Step 4
Specify the external antenna gain, which is a measure of an external antennas ability to direct or focus radio energy over
a region of space entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} antenna extAntGain antenna_gain Cisco_AP
High-gain antennas have a more focused radiation pattern in a specific direction. The antenna gain is measured in 0.5
dBi units, and the default value is 7 times 0.5 dBi, or 3.5 dBi.
If you have a high-gain antenna, enter a value that is twice the actual dBi value (see Cisco Aironet Antenna Reference
Guide for antenna dBi values). Otherwise, enter 0. For example, if your antenna has a 4.4-dBi gain, multiply the 4.4 dBi
by 2 to get 8.8 and then round down to enter only the whole number (8). The Cisco WLC reduces the actual equivalent
isotropic radiated power (EIRP) to make sure that the antenna does not violate your countrys regulations.
Step 5
Specify the channel that a particular access point is to use by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} channel ap Cisco_AP channel
For example, to configure 802.11a channel 36 as the default channel on AP1, enter the config 802.11a channel ap AP1
36 command.
The channel you choose is the primary channel (for example, channel 36), which is used for communication by legacy
802.11a radios and 802.11n 20-MHz radios. 802.11n 40-MHz radios use this channel as the primary channel but also
use an additional bonded extension channel for faster throughput, if you chose 40 for the channel width.
Changing the operating channel causes the access point radio to
reset.
Specify the transmit power level that a particular access point is to use by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} txPower ap Cisco_AP power_level
Note
Step 6
For example, to set the transmit power for 802.11a AP1 to power level 2, enter the config 802.11a txPower ap AP1 2
command.
The transmit power level is assigned an integer value instead of a value in mW or dBm. The integer corresponds to a
power level that varies depending on the regulatory domain in which the access points are deployed. The number of
available power levels varies based on the access point model. However, power level 1 is always the maximum power
level allowed per country code setting, with each successive power level representing 50% of the previous power level.
For example, 1 = maximum power level in a particular regulatory domain, 2 = 50% power, 3 = 25% power, 4 = 12.5%
power, and so on.
See the hardware installation guide for your access point for the maximum transmit power levels supported per
regulatory domain. Also, see data sheet for your access point for the number of power levels supported.
Save your settings by entering this command:
save config
Note
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Repeat Step 2 through Step 7 for each access point radio for which you want to assign a static channel and power level.
Reenable the access point radio by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} enable Cisco_AP
Have the Cisco WLC send the access point radio admin state immediately to WCS by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} enable network
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Step 11
Step 12
7
AP1
20 dBm
17 dBm
14 dBm
11 dBm
8 dBm
5 dBm
2 dBm
-1 dBm
CUSTOMIZED
1
CUSTOMIZED
36
40
40 Mhz
36,44,52,60,100,108,116,132,
149,157
-50
EXTERNAL_ANTENNA
7
DIVERSITY_ENABLED
802.11n Antennas
Tx
A....................................... ENABLED
B....................................... ENABLED
Rx
A....................................... DISABLED
B....................................... DISABLED
C.................................... ENABLED
725
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > RRM > Auto RF to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Global
Parameters > Auto RF page.
Disable dynamic channel assignment by choosing OFF under RF Channel Assignment.
Step 3
Step 4
Disable dynamic power assignment by choosing Fixed under Tx Power Level Assignment and choosing a default transmit
power level from the drop-down list.
Click Apply.
Step 5
Step 6
If you are overriding the default channel and power settings on a per radio basis, assign static channel and power settings
to each of the access point radios that are joined to the Cisco WLC.
(Optional) Repeat this procedure for the network type that you did not select (802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n).
Step 7
Step 1
Step 2
Disable RRM for all 802.11a or 802.11b/g radios and set all channels to the default value by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} channel global off
Step 3
Step 4
To enable the 802.11g network, enter the config 802.11b 11gSupport enable command after the config 802.11b
enable network command.
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Step 1
Step 2
Make sure that each Cisco WLC in the RF group has been configured with the same RF group name.
Note
The name is used to verify the authentication IE in all beacon frames. If the Cisco WLCs have different names,
false alarms will occur.
Choose Wireless to open the All APs page.
Step 3
Step 4
Click the name of an access point to open the All APs > Details page.
Choose either local or monitor from the AP Mode drop-down list and click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Repeat Step 2 through Step 5 for every access point connected to the Cisco WLC.
Choose Security > Wireless Protection Policies > AP Authentication/MFP to open the AP Authentication Policy
page.
The name of the RF group to which this Cisco WLC belongs appears at the top of the page.
Step 8
Choose AP Authentication from the Protection Type drop-down list to enable rogue access point detection.
Step 9
Step 10
Enter a number in the Alarm Trigger Threshold edit box to specify when a rogue access point alarm is generated. An
alarm occurs when the threshold value (which specifies the number of access point frames with an invalid authentication
IE) is met or exceeded within the detection period.
Note
The valid threshold range is from1 to 255, and the default threshold value is 1. To avoid false alarms, you may
want to set the threshold to a higher value.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 11
Step 12
727
Step 1
Step 2
Make sure that each Cisco WLC in the RF group has been configured with the same RF group name.
Note
The name is used to verify the authentication IE in all beacon frames. If the Cisco WLCs have different names,
false alarms will occur.
Configure a particular access point for local (normal) mode or monitor (listen-only) mode by entering this command:
config ap mode local Cisco_AP or config ap mode monitor Cisco_AP
Step 3
Step 4
Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 for every access point connected to the Cisco WLC.
Enable rogue access point detection by entering this command:
config wps ap-authentication
Step 5
Step 6
Specify when a rogue access point alarm is generated by entering this command. An alarm occurs when the threshold
value (which specifies the number of access point frames with an invalid authentication IE) is met or exceeded within
the detection period.
config wps ap-authentication threshold
The valid threshold range is from 1 to 255, and the default threshold value is 1. To avoid false alarms, you may
want to set the threshold to a higher value.
Save your changes by entering this command:
save config
Note
Step 7
Step 8
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Note
Non-CCX and CCXv1 clients ignore the CCX measurement requests and do not participate in the radio
measurement activity.
Location Calibration
For CCX clients that need to be tracked more closely (for example, when a client calibration is performed),
the Cisco WLC can be configured to command the access point to send unicast measurement requests to these
clients at a configured interval and whenever a CCX client roams to a new access point. These unicast requests
can be sent out more often to these specific CCX clients than the broadcast measurement requests, which are
sent to all clients. When location calibration is configured for non-CCX and CCXv1 clients, the clients are
forced to disassociate at a specified interval to generate location measurements.
729
Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Network to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Global Parameters
page.
Under CCX Location Measurement, select the Mode check box to globally enable CCX radio management. This parameter
causes the access points connected to this Cisco WLC to issue broadcast radio measurement requests to clients running
CCX v2 or later releases. The default value is disabled (or unselected).
If you selected the Mode check box in the previous step, enter a value in the Interval text box to specify how often the
access points are to issue the broadcast radio measurement requests.
The range is 60 to 32400 seconds.
Step 3
Click Apply.
Step 5
Step 6
Follow the instructions in Step 2 of the Configuring CCX Radio Management (CLI) section below to enable access point
customization.
Note
To enable CCX radio management for a particular access point, you must enable access point customization,
which can be done only through the Cisco WLC CLI.
If desired, repeat this procedure for the other radio band (802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n).
Step 7
Step 1
Step 2
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Step 3
Enable or disable location calibration for a particular client by entering this command:
config client location-calibration {enable | disable} client _mac interval_seconds
You can configure up to five clients per Cisco WLC for location
calibration.
Save your settings by entering this command:
save config
Note
Step 4
Enabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
60
5
B Radio
Beacon Request.................................
Channel Load Request...........................
Frame Request..................................
Noise Histogram Request........................
Path Loss Request..............................
Interval.......................................
Iteration................................... 5
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
60
To see the status of radio measurement requests for a particular client, enter this command:
show client ccx rm client_mac status
Information similar to the following appears:
Client Mac Address...............................
Beacon Request...................................
Channel Load Request.............................
Frame Request....................................
Noise Histogram Request..........................
Path Loss Request................................
00:40:96:ae:53:b4
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
731
Interval......................................... 5
Iteration........................................ 3
To see radio measurement reports for a particular client, enter these commands:
show client ccx rm client_mac report beaconShows the beacon report for the specified client.
show client ccx rm client_mac report chan-loadShows the channel-load report for the specified
client.
show client ccx rm client_mac report noise-histShows the noise-histogram report for the specified
client.
show client ccx rm client_mac report frameShows the frame report for the specified client.
To see the clients configured for location calibration, enter this command:
show client location-calibration summary
To see the RSSI reported for both antennas on each access point that heard the client, enter this command:
show client detail client_mac
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CHAPTER
13
733
Some of the most advanced WLAN services, such as voice over wireless and IEEE 802.11n radio
communications, could be significantly impaired by the interference caused by other legal users of the ISM
bands. The integration of Cisco CleanAir functionality into the Cisco Unified Wireless Network addresses
this problem of radio frequency (RF) interference.
CleanAir is supported on mesh AP backhaul at a 5-GHz radio of mesh. You can enable CleanAir on backhaul
radios and can provide report interference details and air quality.
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Spontaneous interference
Persistent interference events are created by devices that are stationary in nature and have intermittent but
largely repeatable patterns of interference. For example, consider the case of a microwave oven located in a
break room. Such a device might be active for only 1 or 2 minutes at a time. When operating, however, it can
be disruptive to the performance of the wireless network and associated clients. Using Cisco CleanAir, you
can positively identify the device as a microwave oven rather than indiscriminate noise. You can also determine
exactly which part of the band is affected by the device, and because you can locate it, you can understand
which access points are most severely affected. You can then use this information to direct RRM in selecting
a channel plan that avoids this source of interference for the access points within its range. Because this
interference is not active for a large portion of the day, existing RF management applications might attempt
to again change the channels of the affected access points. Persistent device avoidance is unique, however,
in that it remains in effect as long as the source of interference is periodically detected to refresh the persistent
status. The Cisco CleanAir system knows that the microwave oven exists and includes it in all future planning.
If you move either the microwave oven or the surrounding access points, the algorithm updates RRM
automatically.
Note
Spectrum event-driven RRM can be triggered only by Cisco CleanAir-enabled access points in local mode.
Spontaneous interference is interference that appears suddenly on a network, perhaps jamming a channel or
a range of channels completely. The Cisco CleanAir spectrum event-driven RRM feature allows you to set a
threshold for air quality (AQ) that, if exceeded, triggers an immediate channel change for the affected access
point. Most RF management systems can avoid interference, but this information takes time to propagate
through the system. Cisco CleanAir relies on AQ measurements to continuously evaluate the spectrum and
can trigger a move within 30 seconds. For example, if an access point detects interference from a video camera,
it can recover by changing channels within 30 seconds of the camera becoming active. Cisco CleanAir also
identifies and locates the source of interference so that more permanent mitigation of the device can be
performed at a later time.
In the case of Bluetooth devices, Cisco CleanAir-enabled access points can detect and report interferences
only if the devices are actively transmitting. Bluetooth devices have extensive power save modes. For example,
interference can be detected when data or voice is being streamed between the connected devices.
Persistent Devices
Some interference devices such as outdoor bridges and Microwave Ovens only transmit when needed. These
devices can cause significant interference to the local WLAN due to short duration and periodic operation
remain largely undetected by normal RF management metrics. With CleanAir the RRM DCA algorithm can
detect, measure, register and remember the impact and adjust the DCA algorithm. This minimizes the use of
channels affected by the persistent devices in the channel plan local to the interference source. Cisco CleanAir
detects and stores the persistent device information in the Cisco WLC and this information is used to mitigate
interfering channels.
735
Note
Suppose you have two APs, one in the FlexConnect mode and the other in the monitor
mode. Also suppose that you have created a profile enabling EAP attack against 802.1x
auth. The Airmagnet (AM) tool, which can generate different types of attacks, fails to
generate any attack even if you have provided valid AP MAC and STA MAC addresses.
But if the AP MAC and STA MAC addresses in the AM tool are swapped, that is, the
AP MAC address is specified in the STA MAC field and the STA MAC address is
specified in the AP MAC field, then the tool is able to generate attacks, which the AP
in the Monitor mode is also able to detect.
Note
SE-ConnectThis mode enables a user to connect a Spectrum Expert application running on an external
Microsoft Windows XP or Vista PC to a Cisco CleanAir-enabled access point in order to display and
analyze detailed spectrum data. The Spectrum Expert application connects directly to the access point,
bypassing the controller. An access point in SE-Connect mode does not provide any Wi-Fi, RF, or
spectrum data to the controller. In addition to performing spectrum intelligence, an access point can
provide other.
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Access points in monitor mode do not transmit Wi-Fi traffic or 802.11 packets. They are excluded from
radio resource management (RRM) planning and are not included in the neighbor access point list. IDR
clustering depends on the controllers ability to detect neighboring in-network access points. Correlating
interference device detections from multiple access points is limited between monitor-mode access
points.
Spectrum Expert (SE) Connect functionality is supported for local, FlexConnect, bridge, and monitor
modes. The access point provides spectrum information to Spectrum Expert only for the current channel(s).
For local, FlexConnect, and bridge modes, the spectrum data is available for the current active channel(s)
and for the monitor mode, the common monitored channel list is available. The access point continues
to send AQ (Air Quality) and IDR (Interference Device Reports) reports to the controller and perform
normal activities according to the current mode. Sniffer and rogue detections access point modes are
incompatible with all types of CleanAir spectrum monitoring.
Controllers have limitations on the number of monitor mode APs that they can support. This is because,
a monitor mode AP saves data for all the channels.
Do not connect access points in SE connect mode directly to any physical port on Cisco 2500 Series
Controllers.
Spectrum Expert (Windows XP laptop client) and AP should be pingable, otherwise; it will not work.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Choose Wireless > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > CleanAir to open the 802.11a (or 802.11b) > CleanAir page.
Select the CleanAir check box to enable Cisco CleanAir functionality on the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n network, or
unselect it to prevent the Cisco WLC from detecting spectrum interference. By default, the value is not selected.
Select the Report Interferers check box to enable the Cisco CleanAir system to report any detected sources of interference,
or unselect it to prevent the Cisco WLC from reporting interferers. The default value is selected.
Note
Device Security alarms, Event Driven RRM, and the Persistence Device Avoidance algorithm do not work if
Report Interferers are disabled.
Select the Persistent Device Propagation check box to enable propagation of information about persistent devices that
can be detected by CleanAir. Persistent device propagation enables you to propagate information about persistent devices
737
Step 5
to the neighboring access points connected to the same Cisco WLC. Persistent interferers are present at the location and
interfere with the WLAN operations even if they are not detectable at all times.
Ensure that any sources of interference that need to be detected and reported by the Cisco CleanAir system appear in the
Interferences to Detect box and any that do not need to be detected appear in the Interferences to Ignore box. Use the >
and < buttons to move interference sources between these two boxes. By default, all interference sources are detected.
The possible sources of interference that you can choose are as follows:
Bluetooth Paging InquiryA Bluetooth discovery (802.11b/g/n only)
Bluetooth Sco AclA Bluetooth link (802.11b/g/n only)
Generic DECTA digital enhanced cordless communication (DECT)-compatible phone
Generic TDDA time division duplex (TDD) transmitter
Generic WaveformA continuous transmitter
JammerA jamming device
MicrowaveA microwave oven (802.11b/g/n only)
CanopyA canopy bridge device
Spectrum 802.11 FHAn 802.11 frequency-hopping device (802.11b/g/n only)
Spectrum 802.11 invertedA device using spectrally inverted Wi-Fi signals
Spectrum 802.11 non std channelA device using nonstandard Wi-Fi channels
Spectrum 802.11 SuperGAn 802.11 SuperAG device
Spectrum 802.15.4An 802.15.4 device (802.11b/g/n only)
Video CameraAn analog video camera
WiMAX FixedA WiMAX fixed device (802.11a/n only)
WiMAX MobileA WiMAX mobile device (802.11a/n only)
XBoxA Microsoft Xbox (802.11b/g/n only)
Access points that are associated to the Cisco WLC send interference reports only for the interferers that appear
in the Interferences to Detect box. This functionality allows you to filter out interferers that you do not want as
well as any that may be flooding the network and causing performance problems for the Cisco WLC or Prime
Infrastructure. Filtering allows the system to resume normal performance levels.
Configure Cisco CleanAir alarms as follows:
a) Select the Enable AQI (Air Quality Index) Trap check box to enable the triggering of air quality alarms, or unselect
the box to disable this feature. The default value is selected.
b) If you selected the Enable AQI Trap check box in Step a, enter a value between 1 and 100 (inclusive) in the AQI
Alarm Threshold text box to specify the threshold at which you want the air quality alarm to be triggered. When the
air quality falls below the threshold level, the alarm is triggered. A value of 1 represents the worst air quality, and
100 represents the best. The default value is 35.
c) Enter the AQI Alarm Threshold (1 to 100) that you want to set. An alarm is generated when the air quality reaches
a threshold value. The default is 35. Valid range is from 1 and 100.
d) Select the Enable trap for Unclassified Interferences check box to enable the AQI alarm to be generated upon
detection of unclassified interference beyond the severity threshond specified in the AQI Alarm Threshold.
Note
Step 6
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Unclassified interferences are interferences that are detected but do not correspond to any of the identifiable interference
types.
e) Enter the Threshold for Unclassified category trap (1 to 99). Enter a value from 1 and 99. The default is 20. This
is the severity index threshold for an unclassified interference category.
f) Select the Enable Interference Type Trap check box to trigger interferer alarms when the Cisco WLC detects
specified device types, or unselect it to disable this feature. The default value is selected
g) Make sure that any sources of interference that need to trigger interferer alarms appear in the Trap on These Types
box and any that do not need to trigger interferer alarms appear in the Do Not Trap on These Types box. Use the >
and < buttons to move interference sources between these two boxes. By default, all interference sources trigger
interferer alarms.
For example, if you want the Cisco WLC to send an alarm when it detects a jamming device, select the Enable
Interference Type Trap check box and move the jamming device to the Trap on These Types box.
Step 7
Click Apply.
Trigger spectrum event-driven radio resource management (RRM) to run when a Cisco CleanAir-enabled access point
detects a significant level of interference as follows:
a) Look at the EDRRM field to see the current status of spectrum event-driven RRM and, if enabled, the Sensitivity
Threshold field to see the threshold level at which event-driven RRM is invoked.
b) If you want to change the current status of event-driven RRM or the sensitivity level, click Change Settings. The
802.11a (or 802.11b) > RRM > Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) page appears.
c) Select the EDRRM check box to trigger RRM to run when an access point detects a certain level of interference, or
unselect it to disable this feature. The default value is selected.
d) If you selected the EDRRM check box in Step c, choose Low, Medium, High, or Custom from the Sensitivity
Threshold drop-down list to specify the threshold at which you want RRM to be triggered. When the interference
for the access point rises above the threshold level, RRM initiates a local dynamic channel assignment (DCA) run
and changes the channel of the affected access point radio if possible to improve network performance. Low represents
a decreased sensitivity to changes in the environment while High represents an increased sensitivity
If you selected the EDRRM sensitivity threshold as custom, you must set a threshold value in the Custom Sensitivity
Threshold field. The default sensitivity is 35.
Step 8
The EDRRM AQ threshold value for low sensitivity is 35, medium sensitivity is 50, and high sensitivity is 60.
e) Click Apply.
Step 9
Step 1
Configure Cisco CleanAir functionality on the 802.11 network by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair {enable | disable} all
If you disable this feature, the Cisco WLC does not receive any spectrum data. The default value is enable.
Step 2
739
Step 3
Configure interference detection and specify sources of interference that need to be detected by the Cisco CleanAir
system by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair device {enable | disable} type
where you choose the type as one of the following:
802.11-fhAn 802.11 frequency-hopping device (802.11b/g/n only)
802.11-invA device using spectrally inverted Wi-Fi signals
802.11-nonstdA device using nonstandard Wi-Fi channels
802.15.4An 802.15.4 device (802.11b/g/n only)
allAll interference device types (this is the default value)
bt-discoveryA bluetooth discovery (802.11b/g/n only)
bt-linkA bluetooth link (802.11b/g/n only)
canopyA canopy device
cont-txA continuous transmitter
dect-likeA digital enhanced cordless communication (DECT)-compatible phone
jammerA jamming device
mw-ovenA microwave oven (802.11b/g/n only)
superagAn 802.11 SuperAG device
tdd-txA time division duplex (TDD) transmitter
video cameraAn analog video camera
wimax-fixedA WiMAX fixed device
wimax-mobileA WiMAX mobile device
xboxA Microsoft Xbox (802.11b/g/n only)
Access points that are associated to the Cisco WLC send interference reports only for the interference types
specified in this command. This functionality allows you to filter out interferers that may be flooding the network
and causing performance problems for the Cisco WLC or Prime Infrastructure. Filtering allows the system to
resume normal performance levels.
Configure the triggering of air quality alarms by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair alarm air-quality {enable | disable}
Note
Step 4
Specify the threshold at which you want the air quality alarm to be triggered by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair alarm air-quality {enable | disable}config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair alarm
air-quality threshold threshold
where threshold is a value between 1 and 100 (inclusive). When the air quality falls below the threshold level, the alarm
is triggered. A value of 1 represents the worst air quality, and 100 represents the best. The default value is 35.
Step 6
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Step 8
Configure the triggering of air quality alarms for unclassified devices by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair alarm unclassified {enable | disable}
Step 9
Specify the threshold at which you want the air quality alarm to be triggered for unclassified devices by entering this
command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair alarm unclassified threshold threshold
where threshold is a value from 1 and 99 (inclusive). When the air quality falls below the threshold level, the alarm is
triggered. A value of 1 represents the worst air quality, and 100 represents the best. The default value is 35.
Step 10
Trigger spectrum event-driven radio resource management (RRM) to run when a Cisco CleanAir-enabled access point
detects a significant level of interference by entering these commands:
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel cleanair-event {enable | disable}Enables or disables spectrum
event-driven RRM. The default value is disabled.
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel cleanair-event sensitivity {low | medium | high | custom}Specifies
the threshold at which you want RRM to be triggered. When the interference level for the access point rises above the
741
threshold level, RRM initiates a local dynamic channel assignment (DCA) run and changes the channel of the affected
access point radio if possible to improve network performance. Low represents a decreased sensitivity to changes in the
environment while high represents an increased sensitivity. You can also set the sensitivity to a custom level of your
choice. The default value is medium.
config advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel cleanair-event sensitivity threshold thresholdvalueIf you set the
threshold sensitivity as custom, you must set a custom threshold value. The default is 35.
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
See the Cisco CleanAir configuration for the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n network by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair config
Information similar to the following appears:
(Cisco Controller) >show 802.11a cleanair config
Clean Air Solution............................... Disabled
Air Quality Settings:
Air Quality Reporting........................ Enabled
Air Quality Reporting Period (min)........... 15
Air Quality Alarms........................... Enabled
Air Quality Alarm Threshold................ 35
Unclassified Interference.................. Disabled
Unclassified Severity Threshold............ 20
Interference Device Settings:
Interference Device Reporting................ Enabled
Interference Device Types:
TDD Transmitter.......................... Enabled
Jammer................................... Enabled
Continuous Transmitter................... Enabled
DECT-like Phone.......................... Enabled
Video Camera............................. Enabled
WiFi Inverted............................ Enabled
WiFi Invalid Channel..................... Enabled
SuperAG.................................. Enabled
Canopy................................... Enabled
WiMax Mobile............................. Enabled
WiMax Fixed.............................. Enabled
Interference Device Alarms................... Enabled
Interference Device Types Triggering Alarms:
TDD Transmitter.......................... Disabled
Jammer................................... Enabled
Continuous Transmitter................... Disabled
DECT-like Phone.......................... Disabled
Video Camera............................. Disabled
WiFi Inverted............................ Enabled
WiFi Invalid Channel..................... Enabled
SuperAG.................................. Disabled
Canopy................................... Disabled
WiMax Mobile............................. Disabled
WiMax Fixed.............................. Disabled
Additional Clean Air Settings:
CleanAir ED-RRM State........................ Disabled
CleanAir ED-RRM Sensitivity.................. Medium
CleanAir ED-RRM Custom Threshold............. 50
CleanAir Persistent Devices state............ Disabled
CleanAir Persistent Device Propagation....... Enabled
Step 14
See the spectrum event-driven RRM configuration for the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n network by entering this command:
show advanced {802.11a | 802.11b} channel
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Step 1
Step 2
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Radios
page.
Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired access point and click Configure. The 802.11a/n (or
802.11b/g/n) Cisco APs > Configure page appears.
The CleanAir Capable field shows whether this access point can support CleanAir functionality. If it can, go to the next
step to enable or disable CleanAir for this access point. If the access point cannot support CleanAir functionality, you
cannot enable CleanAir for this access point.
By default, the Cisco CleanAir functionality is enabled on the
radios.
Enable Cisco CleanAir functionality for this access point by choosing Enable from the CleanAir Status drop-down list.
To disable CleanAir functionality for this access point, choose Disable. The default value is Enable. This setting overrides
the global CleanAir configuration for this access point.
The Number of Spectrum Expert Connections text box shows the number of Spectrum Expert applications that are
currently connected to the access point radio. Up to three active connections are possible.
Note
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Click Back to return to the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Radios page.
View the Cisco CleanAir status for each access point radio by looking at the CleanAir Status text box on the 802.11a/n
(or 802.11b/g/n) Radios page.
The Cisco CleanAir status is one of the following:
UPThe spectrum sensor for the access point radio is currently operational (error code 0).
DOWNThe spectrum sensor for the access point radio is currently not operational because an error has occurred.
The most likely reason for the error is that the access point radio is disabled (error code 8). To correct this error,
enable the radio.
ERRORThe spectrum sensor for the access point radio has crashed (error code 128), making CleanAir monitoring
nonoperational for this radio. If this error occurs, reboot the access point. If the error continues to appear, you might
want to disable Cisco CleanAir functionality on the radio.
743
N/AThis access point radio is not capable of supporting Cisco CleanAir functionality.
Note
You can create a filter to make the 802.11a/n Radios page or the 802.11b/g/n Radios page show only access
point radios that have a specific Cisco CleanAir status (such as UP, DOWN, ERROR, or N/A). This feature is
especially useful if your list of access point radios spans multiple pages, preventing you from viewing them all
at once. To create a filter, click Change Filter to open the Search AP dialog box, select one or more of the
CleanAir Status check boxes, and click Find. Only the access point radios that match your search criteria appear
on the 802.11a/n Radios page or the 802.11b/g/n Radios page, and the Current Filter parameter at the top of the
page specifies the filter used to generate the list (for example, CleanAir Status: UP).
Step 1
Configure Cisco CleanAir functionality for a specific access point by entering this command:
config {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair {enable | disable}Cisco_AP
Step 2
Step 3
See the Cisco CleanAir configuration for a specific access point on the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n network by entering
this command:
show ap config {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP
Information similar to the following appears:
Cisco AP Identifier.............................. 0
Cisco AP Name.................................... CISCO_AP3500
...
Spectrum Management Information
Spectrum Management Capable.............. Yes
Spectrum Management Admin State.......... Enabled
Spectrum Management Operation State...... Up
Rapid Update Mode........................ Disabled
Spectrum Expert connection............... Disabled
Spectrum Sensor State................. Configured (Error code = 0)
Note
See step 7 of Configuring Cisco CleanAir on an Access Point (GUI), on page 743 for descriptions of the spectrum
management operation states and the possible error codes for the spectrum sensor state.
OL-27510-01
Choose Monitor > Cisco CleanAir > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n > Interference Devices to open the CleanAir >
Interference Devices page.
This page shows the following information:
AP NameThe name of the access point where the interference device is detected.
Radio Slot #Slot where the radio is installed.
Interferer TypeType of the interferer.
Affected ChannelChannel that the device affects.
Detected TimeTime at which the interference was detected.
SeveritySeverity index of the interfering device.
Duty Cycle (%)Proportion of time during which the interfering device was active.
RSSIReceive signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the access point.
DevIDDevice identification number that uniquely identified the interfering device.
ClusterIDCluster identification number that uniquely identifies the type of the devices.
Step 2
Step 3
Click Change Filter to display the information about interference devices based on a particular criteria.
Click Clear Filter to remove the filter and display the entire access point list.
You can create a filter to display the list of interference devices that are based on the following filtering parameters:
Cluster IDTo filter based on the Cluster ID, select the check box and enter the Cluster ID in the text box next
to this field.
AP NameTo filter based on the access point name, select the check box and enter the access point name in the
text box next to this field.
Interferer TypeTo filter based on the type of the interference device, select the check box and select the interferer
device from the options.
Select one of the interferer devices:
BT Link
MW Oven
802.11 FH
BT Discovery
TDD Transmit
745
Jammer
Continuous TX
DECT Phone
Video Camera
802.15.4
WiFi Inverted
WiFi Inv. Ch
SuperAG
Canopy
XBox
WiMax Mobile
WiMax Fixed
WiFi ACI
Unclassified
Activity Channels
Severity
Duty Cycle (%)
RSSI
Step 4
Click Find.
The current filter parameters are displayed in the Current Filter field.
OL-27510-01
stop detecting the device. This device is then correctly marked as down. A down device is correctly removed
from the spectrum database. In cases when all the interferer detections for a specific devices are reported, the
cluster ID is kept alive for an extended period of time to prevent possible device detection bouncing. If the
same device is detected again, it is merged with the original cluster ID and the device detection history is
preserved.
For example, some Bluetooth headsets operate on battery power. These devices employ methods to reduce
power consumption, such as turning off the transmitter when not actually needed. Such devices can appear
to come and go from the classification. To manage these devices, CleanAir keeps the cluster IDs longer and
they are remerged into a single record upon detection. This process smoothens the user records and accurately
represents the device history.
747
2
AP_1142_MAP
c4:7d:4f:3a:35:38
1
RADIO_TYPE_80211a
All
2347
2346
0
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Choose Monitor > Cisco CleanAir >Worst Air-Quality to open the CleanAir > Worst Air Quality Report page.
This page shows the air quality of both the 802.11a/n and 802.11b/g/n radio bands. Specifically, it shows the following
information:
AP NameThe name of the access point that reported the worst air quality for the 802.11 radio band.
Channel NumberThe radio channel with the worst reported air quality.
Minimum Air Quality Index(1 to 100)The minimum air quality for this radio channel. An air quality index
(AQI) value of 100 is the best, and 1 is the worst.
Average Air Quality Index(1 to 100)The average air quality for this radio channel. An air quality index (AQI)
value of 100 is the best, and 1 is the worst.
Interference Device CountThe number of interferers detected by the radios on the 802.11 radio band.
Step 2
See a list of persistent sources of interference for a specific access point radio as follows:
a) Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n)
Radios page.
b) Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired access point radio and click CleanAir-RRM. The
802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Cisco APs > Access Point Name > Persistent Devices page appears. This page lists the
device types of persistent sources of interference detected by this access point radio. It also shows the channel on
749
which the interference was detected, the percentage of time that the interferer was active (duty cycle), the received
signal strength (RSSI) of the interferer, and the day and time when the interferer was last detected.
Viewing the Worst Air Quality Information for all Access Points on a Radio Band (CLI)
See information for the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n access point with the worst air quality by entering this
command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair air-quality worst
Viewing the Air Quality for an Access Point on a Radio Band (CLI)
See the air quality information for a specific access point on the 802.11 radio band by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair air-quality Cisco_AP
Viewing the Air Quality for an Access Point by Device Type (CLI)
See information for all of the interferers detected by a specific access point on the 802.11a/n or
802.11b/g/n radio band by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair device ap Cisco_AP
See information for all of the interferers of a specific device type on the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n radio
band by entering this command:
show {802.11a | 802.11b} cleanair device type type
where you choose type as one of the following:
802.11-fhAn 802.11 frequency-hopping device (802.11b/g/n only)
802.11-invA device using spectrally inverted Wi-Fi signals
802.11-nonstdA device using nonstandard Wi-Fi channels
802.15.4An 802.15.4 device (802.11b/g/n only)
allAll interference device types (this is the default value)
bt-discoveryA bluetooth discovery (802.11b/g/n only)
bt-linkA bluetooth link (802.11b/g/n only)
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Step 2
Ensure that Cisco CleanAir functionality is enabled for the access point that will be connected to the Spectrum Expert
console.
Configure the access point for SE-Connect mode using the Cisco WLC GUI or CLI.
Note
The SE-Connect mode is set for the entire access point, not just a single radio. However, the Spectrum Expert
console connects to a single radio at a time.
751
If you are using the Cisco WLC GUI, follow these steps:
a) Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
b) Click the name of the desired access point to open the All APs > Details for page.
c) Choose SE-Connect from the AP Mode drop-down list. This mode is available only for access points that are capable
of supporting Cisco CleanAir functionality. For the SE-Connect mode to appear as an available option, the access
point must have at least one spectrum-capable radio in the Enable state.
d) Click Apply to commit your changes.
e) Click OK when prompted to reboot the access point.
If you are using the CLI, follow these steps:
a) To configure the access point for SE-Connect mode, enter this command:
config ap mode se-connect Cisco_AP
b) When prompted to reboot the access point, enter Y.
c) To verify the SE-Connect configuration status for the access point, enter this command:
show ap config {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP
Information similar to the following appears:
Cisco AP Identifier.............................. 0
Cisco AP Name.................................... CISCO_AP3500
...
Spectrum Management Information
Spectrum Management Capable.............. Yes
Spectrum Management Admin State.......... Enabled
Spectrum Management Operation State...... Up
Rapid Update Mode........................ Disabled
Spectrum Expert connection............... Enabled
Spectrum Sensor State.................. Configured (Error code = 0)
Step 3
On the Windows PC, access the Cisco Software Center from this URL:
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/software/navigator.html
Step 4
Click Product > Wireless > Cisco Spectrum Intelligence > Cisco Spectrum Expert > Cisco Spectrum Expert Wi-Fi,
and then download the Spectrum Expert 4.0 executable (*.exe) file.
Run the Spectrum Expert application on the PC.
Step 5
Step 6
When the Connect to Sensor dialog box appears, enter the IP address of the access point, choose the access point radio,
and enter the 16-byte network spectrum interface (NSI) key to authenticate. The Spectrum Expert application opens a
TCP/IP connection directly to the access point using the NSI protocol.
Note
The access point must be a TCP server listening on ports 37540 for 2.4 GHz and 37550 for 5 GHz frequencies.
These ports must be opened for the spectrum expert application to connect to the access point using the NSI
protocol.
Note
On the Cisco WLC GUI, the NSI key appears in the Network Spectrum Interface Key field (below the Port
Number field) on the All APs > Details for page. To view the NSI key from the Cisco WLC CLI, enter the show
ap config {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP command.
When an access point in SE-Connect mode joins a Cisco WLC, it sends a Spectrum Capabilities notification message,
and the Cisco WLC responds with a Spectrum Configuration Request. The request contains the 16-byte random NSI key
generated by the Cisco WLC for use in NSI authentication. The Cisco WLC generates one key per access point, which
the access point stores until it is rebooted.
OL-27510-01
You can establish up to three Spectrum Expert console connections per access point radio. The Number of
Spectrum Expert Connections text box on the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Cisco APs > Configure page of the
Cisco WLC GUI shows the number of Spectrum Expert applications that are currently connected to the access
point radio.
Verify that the Spectrum Expert console is connected to the access point by selecting the Slave Remote Sensor text box
in the bottom right corner of the Spectrum Expert application. If the two devices are connected, the IP address of the
access point appears in this text box.
Use the Spectrum Expert application to view and analyze spectrum data from the access point.
Note
Step 7
Step 8
Related Documents
Related Topic
Document Title
Feature Name
Releases
Feature Information
Cluster ID
7.0.116.0
CleanAir
7.0.98.0
753
OL-27510-01
CHAPTER
14
Configuring FlexConnect
Information About FlexConnect, page 755
Restrictions for FlexConnect, page 760
Configuring FlexConnect, page 762
Configuring FlexConnect ACLs, page 773
Configuring FlexConnect Groups, page 777
755
Configuring FlexConnect
Information About FlexConnect
The controller software has a more robust fault tolerance methodology to FlexConnect access points. In
previous releases, whenever a FlexConnect access point disassociates from a controller, it moves to the
standalone mode. The clients that are centrally switched are disassociated. However, the FlexConnect access
point continues to serve locally switched clients. When the FlexConnect access point rejoins the controller
(or a standby controller), all clients are disconnected and are authenticated again. This functionality has been
enhanced and the connection between the clients and the FlexConnect access points are maintained intact and
the clients experience seamless connectivity. This feature can be used only when both the access point and
the controller have the same configuration.
Clients that are centrally authenticated are reauthenticated.
Session timeout and reauthentication is performed when the access point establishes a connected to the
controller.
After the client connection has been established, the controller does not restore the original attributes of the
client. The client username, current rate and supported rates, and listen interval values are reset to the default
values only after the session timer expires.
There is no deployment restriction on the number of FlexConnect access points per location. Multiple
FlexConnect groups can be defined in a single location.
The controller can send multicast packets in the form of unicast or multicast packets to the access point. In
FlexConnect mode, the access point can receive multicast packets only in unicast form.
FlexConnect access points support a 1-1 network address translation (NAT) configuration. They also support
port address translation (PAT) for all features except true multicast. Multicast is supported across NAT
boundaries when configured using the Unicast option. FlexConnect access points also support a many-to-one
NAT/PAT boundary, except when you want true multicast to operate for all centrally switched WLANs.
Note
Although NAT and PAT are supported for FlexConnect access points, they are not supported on the
corresponding controller. Cisco does not support configurations in which the controller is behind a
NAT/PAT boundary.
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
FlexConnect Authentication Process
VPN and PPTP are supported for locally switched traffic if these security types are accessible locally at the
access point.
FlexConnect access points support multiple SSIDs.
Workgroup bridges and Universal Workgroup bridges are supported on FlexConnect access points for locally
switched clients.
FlexConnect supports IPv6 clients by bridging the traffic to local VLAN, similar to IPv4 operation. FlexConnect
supports Client Mobility for a group of up to 100 access points.
Note
Once the access point is rebooted after downloading the latest controller software, it must be converted
to the FlexConnect mode. This can done using the GUI or CLI.
A FlexConnect access point can learn the controller IP address in one of these ways:
If the access point has been assigned an IP address from a DHCP server, it can discover a controller
through the regular CAPWAP or LWAPP discovery process.
Note
OTAP is no longer supported on the controllers with 6.0.196 code and above.
If the access point has been assigned a static IP address, it can discover a controller through any of the
discovery process methods except DHCP option 43. If the access point cannot discover a controller
through Layer 3 broadcast, we recommend DNS resolution. With DNS, any access point with a static
IP address that knows of a DNS server can find at least one controller.
If you want the access point to discover a controller from a remote network where CAPWAP or LWAPP
discovery mechanisms are not available, you can use priming. This method enables you to specify
(through the access point CLI) the controller to which the access point is to connect.
Note
For more information about how access points find controllers, see the controller
deployment guide at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/technology/controller/
deployment/guide/dep.html.
When a FlexConnect access point can reach the controller (referred to as the connected mode), the controller
assists in client authentication. When a FlexConnect access point cannot access the controller, the access point
enters the standalone mode and authenticates clients by itself.
757
Configuring FlexConnect
FlexConnect Authentication Process
Note
The LEDs on the access point change as the device enters different FlexConnect modes. See the hardware
installation guide for your access point for information on LED patterns.
When a client associates to a FlexConnect access point, the access point sends all authentication messages to
the controller and either switches the client data packets locally (locally switched) or sends them to the
controller (centrally switched), depending on the WLAN configuration. With respect to client authentication
(open, shared, EAP, web authentication, and NAC) and data packets, the WLAN can be in any one of the
following states depending on the configuration and state of controller connectivity:
central authentication, central switchingIn this state, the controller handles client authentication, and
all client data is tunneled back to the controller. This state is valid only in connected mode.
central authentication, local switchingIn this state, the controller handles client authentication, and
the FlexConnect access point switches data packets locally. After the client authenticates successfully,
the controller sends a configuration command with a new payload to instruct the FlexConnect access
point to start switching data packets locally. This message is sent per client. This state is applicable only
in connected mode.
local authentication, local switchingIn this state, the FlexConnect access point handles client
authentication and switches client data packets locally. This state is valid in standalone mode and
connected mode.
In connected mode, the access point provides minimal information about the locally authenticated client
to the controller. The following information is not available to the controller:
Policy type
Access VLAN
VLAN name
Supported rates
Encryption cipher
Local authentication is useful where you cannot maintain a remote office setup of a minimum
bandwidth of 128 kbps with the round-trip latency no greater than 100 ms and the maximum
transmission unit (MTU) no smaller than 500 bytes. In local authentication, the authentication
capabilities are present in the access point itself. Local authentication reduces the latency
requirements of the branch office.
Note
Local authentication can only be enabled on the WLAN of a FlexConnect access point
that is in local switching mode.
Notes about local authentication are as follows:
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
FlexConnect Authentication Process
Note
When locally switched clients that are connected to a FlexConnect access point renew
the IP addresses, on joining back, the client continues to stay in the run state. These
clients are not reauthenticated by the controller.
authentication down, switch downIn this state, the WLAN disassociates existing clients and stops
sending beacon and probe requests. This state is valid in both standalone mode and connected mode.
authentication down, local switchingIn this state, the WLAN rejects any new clients trying to
authenticate, but it continues sending beacon and probe responses to keep existing clients alive. This
state is valid only in standalone mode.
When a FlexConnect access point enters standalone mode, WLANs that are configured for open, shared,
WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK authentication enter the local authentication, local switching state and continue
new client authentications. In controller software release 4.2 or later releases, this configuration is also correct
for WLANs that are configured for 802.1X, WPA-802.1X, WPA2-802.1X, or CCKM, but these authentication
types require that an external RADIUS server be configured. You can also configure a local RADIUS server
on a FlexConnect access point to support 802.1X in a standalone mode or with local authentication.
Other WLANs enter either the authentication down, switching down state (if the WLAN was configured
for central switching) or the authentication down, local switching state (if the WLAN was configured for
local switching).
When FlexConnect access points are connected to the controller (rather than in standalone mode), the controller
uses its primary RADIUS servers and accesses them in the order specified on the RADIUS Authentication
Servers page or in the config radius auth add CLI command (unless the server order is overridden for a
particular WLAN). However, to support 802.1X EAP authentication, FlexConnect access points in standalone
mode need to have their own backup RADIUS server to authenticate clients.
Note
A controller does not use a backup RADIUS server. The controller uses the backup RADIUS server in
local authentication mode.
You can configure a backup RADIUS server for individual FlexConnect access points in standalone mode
by using the controller CLI or for groups of FlexConnect access points in standalone mode by using either
the GUI or CLI. A backup server configured for an individual access point overrides the backup RADIUS
server configuration for a FlexConnect.
When a FlexConnect access point enters standalone mode, it disassociates all clients that are on centrally
switched WLANs. For web-authentication WLANs, existing clients are not disassociated, but the FlexConnect
access point stops sending beacons when the number of associated clients reaches zero (0). It also sends
disassociation messages to new clients associating to web-authentication WLANs. Controller-dependent
activities, such as network access control (NAC) and web authentication (guest access), are disabled, and the
access point does not send any intrusion detection system (IDS) reports to the controller. Most radio resource
management (RRM) features (such as neighbor discovery; noise, interference, load, and coverage measurements;
use of the neighbor list; and rogue containment and detection) are disabled. However, a FlexConnect access
point supports dynamic frequency selection in standalone mode.
When web-authentication is used on FlexConnect access points at a remote site, the clients get the IP address
from the remote local subnet. To resolve the initial URL request, the DNS is accessible through the subnet's
default gateway. In order for the controller to intercept and redirect the DNS query return packets, these
packets must reach the controller at the data center through a CAPWAP connection. During the
759
Configuring FlexConnect
Restrictions for FlexConnect
web-authentication process, the FlexConnect access points allows only DNS and DHCP messages; the access
points forward the DNS reply messages to the controller before web-authentication for the client is complete.
After web-authentication for the client is complete, all the traffic is switched locally.
Note
If your controller is configured for NAC, clients can associate only when the access point is in connected
mode. When NAC is enabled, you need to create an unhealthy (or quarantined) VLAN so that the data
traffic of any client that is assigned to this VLAN passes through the controller, even if the WLAN is
configured for local switching. After a client is assigned to a quarantined VLAN, all of its data packets
are centrally switched. See the Configuring Dynamic Interfaces section for information about creating
quarantined VLANs and the Configuring NAC Out-of-Band section for information about configuring
NAC out-of-band support.
When a FlexConnect access point enters into a standalone mode, the following occurs:
The access point checks whether it is able to reach the default gateway via ARP. If so, it will continue
to try and reach the controller.
If the access point fails to establish the ARP, the following occurs:
The access point attempts to discover for five times and if it still cannot find the controller, it tries to
renew the DHCP on the ethernet interface to get a new DHCP IP.
The access point will retry for five times, and if that fails, the access point will renew the IP address of
the interface again, this will happen for three attempts.
If the three attempts fail, the access point will fall back to the static IP and will reboot (only if the access
point is configured with a static IP).
Reboot is done to remove the possibility of any unknown error the access point configuration.
Once the access point reestablishes a connection with the controller, it disassociates all clients, applies new
configuration information from the controller, and allows client connectivity again.
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Restrictions for FlexConnect
achieve the 300 milliseconds round-trip latency, you can configure the access point to perform local
authentication.
Client connections are restored only for locally switched clients that are in the RUN state when the
access point moves from standalone mode to connected mode. After the access point moves from the
standalone mode to the connected mode, the access points radio is also reset.
The configuration on the controller must be the same between the time the access point went into
standalone mode and the time the access point came back to connected mode. Similarly, if the access
point is falling back to a secondary or backup controller, the configuration between the primary and
secondary or backup controller must be the same.
A newly connected access point cannot be booted in FlexConnect mode.
To use CCKM fast roaming with FlexConnect access points, you must configure FlexConnect Groups.
NAC out-of-band integration is supported only on WLANs configured for FlexConnect central switching.
It is not supported for use on WLANs configured for FlexConnect local switching.
The primary and secondary controllers for a FlexConnect access point must have the same configuration.
Otherwise, the access point might lose its configuration, and certain features (such as WLAN overrides,
VLANs, static channel number, and so on) might not operate correctly. In addition, make sure to duplicate
the SSID of the FlexConnect access point and its index number on both controllers.
The QoS profile per-user bandwidth contracts are not supported for FlexConnect locally switched
WLANs. The QoS per-user bandwidth contracts are only supported for centrally switched WLANs and
APs in the local mode.
Do not connect access points in FlexConnect mode directly to a 2500 Series Controller.
FlexConnect access points do not support client load balancing.
If you configure a FlexConnect access point with a syslog server configured on the access point, after
the access point is reloaded and the native VLAN other than 1, at time of initialization, few syslog
packets from the access point are tagged with VLAN ID 1. This is a known issue.
MAC Filtering is not supported on FlexConnect access points in standalone mode. However, MAC
Filtering is supported on FlexConnect access points in connected mode with local switching and central
authentication. Also, Open SSID, MAC Filtering, and RADIUS NAC for a locally switched WLAN
with FlexConnect access points is a valid configuration where MAC is checked by ISE.
FlexConnect does not support IPv6 ACLs, neighbor discovery caching, and DHCPv6 snooping of IPv6
NDP packets.
FlexConnect does not display any IPv6 client addresses within the client detail page.
FlexConnect Access Points with Locally Switched WLAN cannot perform IP Source Guard and prevent
ARP spoofing. For Centrally Switched WLAN, the wireless controller performs the IP Source Guard
and ARP Spoofing.
To prevent ARP spoofing attacks in FlexConnect AP with Local Switching, we recommend that you
use ARP Inspection.
When you enable local switching on WLAN for the Flexconnect APs, then APs perform local switching.
However, for the APs in local mode, central switching is performed.
For Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2) in FlexConnect standalone mode or local-auth in connected
mode or CCKM fast-roaming in connected mode, only Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is supported.
761
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect
For Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) in FlexConnect standalone mode or local-auth in connected mode
or CCKM fast-roaming in connected mode, only Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) is supported.
WPA2 with TKIP and WPA with AES is not supported in standalone mode, local-auth in connected
mode, and CCKM fast-roaming in connected mode.
Configuring FlexConnect
Note
The configuration tasks must be performed in the order in which they are listed.
Step 2
Attach the access point that will be enabled for FlexConnect to a trunk or access port on the switch.
Note
The sample configuration in this procedure shows the FlexConnect access point connected to a trunk port on
the switch.
See the sample configuration in this procedure to configure the switch to support the FlexConnect access point.
In this sample configuration, the FlexConnect access point is connected to trunk interface FastEthernet 1/0/2 with native
VLAN 100. The access point needs IP connectivity on the native VLAN. The remote site has local servers/resources on
VLAN 101. A DHCP pool is created in the local switch for both VLANs in the switch. The first DHCP pool (NATIVE)
is used by the FlexConnect access point, and the second DHCP pool (LOCAL-SWITCH) is used by the clients when
they associate to a WLAN that is locally switched. The bolded text in the sample configuration shows these settings.
A sample local switch configuration is as follows:
ip dhcp pool NATIVE
network 209.165.200.224 255.255.255.224
default-router 209.165.200.225
dns-server 192.168.100.167
!
ip dhcp pool LOCAL-SWITCH
network 209.165.201.224 255.255.255.224
default-router 209.165.201.225
dns-server 192.168.100.167
!
interface FastEthernet1/0/1
description Uplink port
no switchport
ip address 209.165.202.225 255.255.255.224
!
interface FastEthernet1/0/2
description the Access Point port
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport trunk native vlan 100
switchport trunk allowed vlan 101
switchport mode trunk
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring the Controller for FlexConnect
!
interface Vlan100
ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224
!
interface Vlan101
ip address 209.165.201.225 255.255.255.224
end
!
WLAN
Security
Authentication
Switching
employee
WPA1+WPA2
Central
Central
management (centrally
switched VLAN)
Local
Local
employee-local WPA1+WPA2
(PSK)
guest-central
Central
management (centrally
switched VLAN)
employee
WPA1+WPA2
Local
-local-auth
Local
763
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring the Controller for FlexConnect
Configuring the Controller for FlexConnect for a Centrally Switched WLAN Used for Guest
Access
Before You Begin
You must have created guest user accounts. For more information about creating guest user accounts, see the
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller System Management Guide.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
If you are using an external web server, you must configure a preauthentication access control list (ACL) on the
WLAN for the server and then choose this ACL as the WLAN preauthentication ACL on the Layer 3 tab.
Step 11
Step 12
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring the Controller for FlexConnect
Select or unselect the FlexConnect Local Auth check box to enable or disable local authentication for the
WLAN.
Select or unselect the Learn Client IP Address check box to enable or disable the IP address of the client to
be learned.
Select or unselect the VLAN based Central Switching check box to enable or disable central switching on a
locally switched WLAN based on AAA overridden VLAN.
765
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring the Controller for FlexConnect
Note
Select or unselect the Central DHCP Processing check box to enable or disable the feature. When you enable
this feature, the DHCP packets received from AP are centrally switched to the controller and then forwarded
to the corresponding VLAN based on the AP and the SSID.
Select or unselect the Override DNS check box to enable or disable the overriding of the DNS server address
on the interface assigned to the locally switched WLAN. When you override DNS in centrally switched WLANs,
the clients get their DNS server IP address from the AP, not from the controller.
Select or unselect the NAT-PAT check box to enable or disable Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port
Address Translation (PAT) on locally switched WLANs. You must enable Central DHCP Processing to enable
NAT and PAT.
Step 9
Step 10
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring the Controller for FlexConnect
Note
When you enable FlexConnect local switching, the controller waits to learn the client
IP address by default. However, if the client is configured with Fortress Layer 2
encryption, the controller cannot learn the client IP address, and the controller periodically
drops the client. Use the config wlan flexconnect learn-ipaddr wlan_id disable
command to disable the client IP address learning feature so that the controller maintains
the client connection without waiting to learn the clients IP address. The ability to
disable this feature is supported only with FlexConnect local switching; it is not supported
with FlexConnect central switching. To enable this feature, enter the config wlan
flexconnect learn-ipaddr wlan_id enable command.
config wlan flexconnect local-switching wlan_id {enable | disable}Configures the WLAN for central
switching.
config wlan flexconnect vlan-central-switching wlan_id {enable | disable}Configures central
switching on a locally switched WLAN based on an AAA overridden VLAN.
The guidelines and limitations for this feature are as follows:
Multicast on overridden interfaces is not supported.
This feature is available only on a per-WLAN basis, where the WLAN is locally switched.
IPv6 ACLs, CAC, NAC, and IPv6 are not supported.
IPv4 ACLs are supported only with VLAN-based central switching enabled and applicable only
to central switching clients on the WLAN.
This feature is applicable to APs in FlexConnect mode in locally switched WLANs.
This feature is not applicable to APs in Local mode.
This feature is not supported on APs in FlexConnect mode in centrally switched WLANs.
This feature is supported on central authentication only.
This features is not supported on web authentication security clients.
Layer 3 roaming for local switching clients is not supported.
Use these commands to get FlexConnect information:
show ap config general Cisco_APShows VLAN configurations.
show wlan wlan_idShows whether the WLAN is locally or centrally switched.
show client detail client_macShows whether the client is locally or centrally switched.
Use these commands to obtain debug information:
debug flexconnect aaa {event | error} {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of
FlexConnect backup RADIUS server events or errors.
debug flexconnect cckm {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of FlexConnect CCKM.
debug flexconnect {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of FlexConnect Groups.
debug pem state {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of the policy manager state machine.
767
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring an Access Point for FlexConnect
debug pem events {enable | disable}Enables or disables debugging of policy manager events.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Click Apply to commit your changes and to cause the access point to reboot.
Choose the FlexConnect tab to open the All APs > Details for (FlexConnect) page.
If the access point belongs to a FlexConnect group, the name of the group appears in the FlexConnect Name text box.
Step 6
Select the VLAN Support check box and enter the number of the native VLAN on the remote network (such as 100)
in the Native VLAN ID text box.
Note
By default, a VLAN is not enabled on the FlexConnect access point. After FlexConnect is enabled, the access
point inherits the VLAN ID associated to the WLAN. This configuration is saved in the access point and received
after the successful join response. By default, the native VLAN is 1. One native VLAN must be configured per
FlexConnect access point in a VLAN-enabled domain. Otherwise, the access point cannot send and receive
packets to and from the controller.
Note
To preserve the VLAN mappings in the access point after an upgrade or downgrade, it is necessary that the
access point join is restricted to the controller for which it is primed. That is, no other discoverable controller
with a different configuration should be available by other means. Similarly, at the time the access point joins,
if it moves across controllers that have different VLAN mappings, the VLAN mappings at the access point may
get mismatched.
Click Apply. The access point temporarily loses its connection to the controller while its Ethernet port is reset.
Click the name of the same access point and then click the FlexConnect tab.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Click VLAN Mappings to open the All APs > Access Point Name > VLAN Mappings page.
Enter the number of the VLAN from which the clients will get an IP address when doing local switching (VLAN 101,
in this example) in the VLAN ID text box.
To configure Web Authentication ACLs, do the following:
a) Click the External WebAuthentication ACLs link to open the ACL mappings page. The ACL Mappings page lists
details of WLAN ACL mappings and web policy ACLs.
b) In the WLAN Id box, enter the WLAN ID.
c) From the WebAuth ACL drop-down list, choose the FlexConnect ACL.
Note
To create a FlexConnect ACL, choose Wireless > FlexConnect Groups > FlexConnect ACLs, click New,
enter the FlexConnect ACL name, and click Apply.
d) Click Add.
e) Click Apply.
To configure Local Split ACLs:
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring an Access Point for FlexConnect
a) Click the Local Split ACLs link to open the ACL Mappings page.
b) In the WLAN Id box, enter the WLAN ID.
c) From the Local-Split ACL drop-down list, choose the FlexConnect ACL.
Note
To create a FlexConnect ACL, choose Wireless > FlexConnect Groups > FlexConnect ACLs, click New,
enter the FlexConnect ACL name, and click Apply.
If a client that connects over a WAN link associated with a centrally switched WLAN has to send some traffic to a
device present in the local site, the client has to send traffic over CAPWAP to the controller and then get the same
traffic back to the local site either over CAPWAP or using some offband connectivity. This process unnecessarily
consumes WAN link bandwidth. To avoid this issue, you can use the split tunneling feature, which allows the traffic
sent by a client to be classified based on the packet contents. The matching packets are locally switched and the rest
of the traffic is centrally switched. The traffic that is sent by the client that matches the IP address of the device
present in the local site can be classified as locally switched traffic and the rest of the traffic as centrally switched.
To configure local split tunneling on an AP, ensure that you have enabled DCHP Required on the WLAN, which
ensures that the client associating with the split WLAN does DHCP.
Local split tunneling is not supported on Cisco 1500 Series, Cisco 1130, and Cisco 1240 access points, and
does not work for clients with static IP address.
d) Click Add.
Note
Step 13
Step 14
To map a locally switched WLAN with a WebAuth ACL, follow these steps:
a) In the WLAN Id box, enter the WLAN ID.
b) From the WebAuth ACL drop-down list, choose the FlexConnect ACL.
Note
To create a FlexConnect ACL, choose Wireless > FlexConnect Groups > FlexConnect ACLs, click New,
enter the FlexConnect ACL name, and click Apply.
c) Click Add.
Note
The FlexConnect ACLs that are specific to an AP have the highest priority. The FlexConnect ACLs that are
specific to WLANs have the lowest priority.
From the WebPolicy ACL drop-down list, choose a FlexConnect ACL and then click Add to configure the FlexConnect
ACL as a web policy.
Note
You can configure up to 16 Web Policy ACLs that are specific to an access
point.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Note
Repeat this procedure for any additional access points that need to be configured for FlexConnect at the remote
site.
Step 15
Step 16
Step 17
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring an Access Point for FlexConnect
Note
Only the Session Timeout RADIUS attribute is supported in standalone mode. All other
attributes as well as RADIUS accounting are not supported.
Note
To delete a RADIUS server that is configured for a FlexConnect access point, enter the
config ap flexconnect radius auth delete {primary | secondary} Cisco_AP command.
config ap flexconnect vlan wlan wlan_id vlan-id Cisco_APEnables you to assign a VLAN ID to this
FlexConnect access point. By default, the access point inherits the VLAN ID associated to the WLAN.
config ap flexconnect vlan {enable | disable} Cisco_APEnables or disables VLAN tagging for this
FlexConnect access point. By default, VLAN tagging is not enabled. After VLAN tagging is enabled
on the FlexConnect access point, WLANs that are enabled for local switching inherit the VLAN assigned
at the controller.
config ap flexconnect vlan native vlan-id Cisco_APEnables you to configure a native VLAN for
this FlexConnect access point. By default, no VLAN is set as the native VLAN. One native VLAN must
be configured per FlexConnect access point (when VLAN tagging is enabled). Make sure the switch
port to which the access point is connected has a corresponding native VLAN configured as well. If the
FlexConnect access points native VLAN setting and the upstream switch port native VLAN do not
match, the access point cannot transmit packets to and from the controller.
Note
To save the VLAN mappings in the access point after an upgrade or downgrade, you
should restrict the access point to join the controller for which it is primed. No other
discoverable controller with a different configuration should be available by other means.
Similarly, at the time the access point joins, if it moves across controllers that have
different VLAN mappings, the VLAN mappings at the access point might get
mismatched.
Configure the mapping of a Web-Auth or a Web Passthrough ACL to a WLAN for an access point in
FlexConnect mode by entering this command:
config ap flexconnect web-auth wlan wlan_id cisco_ap acl_name {enable | disable}
Note
The FlexConnect ACLs that are specific to an AP have the highest priority. The
FlexConnect ACLs that are specific to WLANs have the lowest priority.
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring an Access Point for FlexConnect
Note
You can configure up to 16 Policy ACLs that are specific to an access point.
Note
The gratuitous ARP for the gateway is sent by the access point to the client, which
obtained an IP address from the central site. This is performed to proxy the gateway by
the access point.
Use these commands on the FlexConnect access point to get status information:
show capwap reap statusShows the status of the FlexConnect access point (connected or standalone).
show capwap reap associationShows the list of clients associated to this access point and their SSIDs.
Use these commands on the FlexConnect access point to get debug information:
debug capwap reapShows general FlexConnect activities.
debug capwap reap mgmtShows client authentication and association messages.
debug capwap reap loadShows payload activities, which are useful when the FlexConnect access
point boots up in standalone mode.
debug dot11 mgmt interfaceShows 802.11 management interface events.
debug dot11 mgmt msgShows 802.11 management messages.
debug dot11 mgmt ssidShows SSID management events.
debug dot11 mgmt state-machineShows the 802.11 state machine.
debug dot11 mgmt stationShows client events.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
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Configuring FlexConnect
Connecting Client Devices to WLANs
Caution
Step 6
Do not connect access points in FlexConnect mode directly to 2500 Series Controllers.
Do not connect the access points in FlexConnect mode directly to Cisco 2500 Series Controllers.
show wlan wlan-id Displays the configuration for the WLAN. If local authentication is enabled, the
following information appears:
. . .
. . .
Web Based Authentication...................... Disabled
Web-Passthrough............................... Disabled
Conditional Web Redirect...................... Disabled
Splash-Page Web Redirect...................... Disabled
Auto Anchor................................... Disabled
FlexConnect Local Switching........................ Enabled
FlexConnect Local Authentication................... Enabled
FlexConnect Learn IP Address....................... Enabled
Client MFP.................................... Optional
Tkip MIC Countermeasure Hold-down Timer....... 60
Call Snooping.................................... Disabled
Roamed Call Re-Anchor Policy..................... Disabled
. . .
. . .
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect ACLs
3 To connect to the guest-central WLAN, create a client profile that uses open authentication. After the
client becomes authenticated, the client gets an IP address from VLAN 101 on the network local to the
access point. After the client connects, the local user can type any HTTP address in the web browser. The
user is automatically directed to the controller to complete the web-authentication process. When the web
login page appears, the user enters the username and password.
To determine if a clients data traffic is being locally or centrally switched, choose Monitor > Clients on the
controller GUI, click the Detail link for the desired client, and look at the Data Switching parameter under
AP Properties.
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect ACLs
All ACLs have an implicit deny all rule as the last rule. If a packet does not match any of the rules, it is
dropped by the corresponding access point.
ACLs mapping on the VLANs that are created on an AP using WLAN-VLAN mapping, should be
performed on a per-AP basis only. VLANs can be created on a FlexConnect group for AAA override.
These VLANs will not have any mapping for a WLAN.
ACLs for VLANs that are created on a FlexConnect group should be mapped only on the FlexCconnect
group. If the same VLAN is present on the corresponding AP as well as the FlexConnect group, AP
VLAN will take priority. This means that if no ACL is mapped on the AP, the VLAN will not have any
ACL, even if the ACL is mapped to the VLAN on the FlexConnect group.
Step 1
Choose Security > Access Control Lists > FlexConnect Access Control Lists.
The FlexConnect ACL page is displayed.
This page lists all the FlexConnect ACLs configured on the controller. This page also shows the FlexConnect ACLs
created on the corresponding controller. To remove an ACL, hover your mouse over the blue drop-down arrow adjacent
to the corresponding ACL name and choose Remove.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
In the Access Control List Name text box, enter a name for the new ACL. You can enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters.
Click Apply.
When the Access Control Lists page reappears, click the name of the new ACL.
When the Access Control Lists > Edit page appears, click Add New Rule.
The Access Control Lists > Rules > New page is displayed.
Step 6
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect ACLs
c) From the Destination drop-down list, choose one of these options to specify the destination of the packets to which
this ACL applies:
AnyAny destination (This is the default value.)
IP AddressA specific destination. If you choose this option, enter the IP address and netmask of the destination
in the text boxes.
d) From the Protocol drop-down list, choose the protocol ID of the IP packets to be used for this ACL. The protocol
options that you can use are the following:
AnyAny protocol (This is the default value.)
TCP
UDP
ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol
ESPIP Encapsulating Security Payload
AHAuthentication Header
GREGeneric Routing Encapsulation
IP in IPPermits or denies IP-in-IP packets
Eth Over IPEthernet-over-Internet Protocol
OSPFOpen Shortest Path First
OtherAny other Internet-Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) protocol
Note
If you choose Other, enter the number of the desired protocol in the Protocol text box. You can find
the list of available protocols in the INAI website.
The controller can permit or deny only the IP packets in an ACL. Other types of packets (such as Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP) packets) cannot be specified.
If you chose TCP or UDP, two additional parameters, Source Port and Destination Port, are displayed. These parameters
enable you to choose a specific source port and destination port or port range. The port options are used by applications
that send and receive data to and from the networking stack. Some ports are designated for certain applications, such
as Telnet, SSH, HTTP, and so on.
e) From the DSCP drop-down list, choose one of these options to specify the differentiated services code point (DSCP)
value of this ACL. DSCP is an IP header text box that can be used to define the quality of service across the Internet.
AnyAny DSCP (This is the default value.)
SpecificA specific DSCP from 0 to 63, which you enter in the DSCP text box
f) From the Action drop-down list, choose Deny to cause this ACL to block packets, or Permit to cause this ACL to
allow packets. The default value is Deny.
g) Click Apply.
The Access Control Lists > Edit page is displayed on which the rules for this ACL are shown.
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect ACLs
h) Repeat this procedure to add additional rules, if any, for this ACL.
Step 7
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect Groups
777
Configuring FlexConnect
Information About FlexConnect Groups
prevents the need to perform a full RADIUS EAP authentication as the client roams from one access point to
another. The FlexConnect access points need to obtain the CCKM cache information for all the clients that
might associate so they can process it quickly instead of sending it back to the controller. If, for example, you
have a controller with 300 access points and 100 clients that might associate, sending the CCKM cache for
all 100 clients is not practical. If you create a FlexConnect that includes a limited number of access points
(for example, you create a group for four access points in a remote office), the clients roam only among those
four access points, and the CCKM cache is distributed among those four access points only when the clients
associate to one of them.
Note
CCKM fast roaming among FlexConnect and non-FlexConnect access points is not supported.
Note
The FlexConnect access point must be in connected mode when the PMK is derived during WPA2/802.1x
authentication.
When using FlexConnect groups for OKC or CCKM, the PMK-cache is shared only across the access points
that are part of the same FlexConnect group and are associated to the same controller. If the access points are
in the same FlexConnect group but are associated to different controllers that are part of the same mobility
group, the PMK cache is not updated and CCKM roaming will fail.
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect Groups (GUI)
Note
This feature can be used with the FlexConnect backup RADIUS server feature. If a FlexConnect is
configured with both a backup RADIUS server and local authentication, the FlexConnect access point
always attempts to authenticate clients using the primary backup RADIUS server first, followed by the
secondary backup RADIUS server (if the primary is not reachable), and finally the FlexConnect access
point itself (if the primary and secondary are not reachable).
The number of FlexConnect groups and access point support depends on the platform that you are using. You
can configure the following:
Up to 100 FlexConnect groups and 25 access points per group for a Cisco 5500 Series Controller.
Up to 1000 FlexConnect groups and 50 access points per group for a Cisco Flex 7500 Series Controller
in the 7.2 release.
Up to 2000 FlexConnect groups and 100 access points per group for Cisco Flex 7500 and Cisco 8500
Series Controllers in the 7.3 release.
Up to 20 FlexConnect groups and up to 25 access points per group for the remaining platforms.
Choose Wireless > FlexConnect Groups to open the FlexConnect Groups page.
This page lists any FlexConnect groups that have already been created.
Step 8
If you want to delete an existing group, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that group and
choose Remove.
Click New to create a new FlexConnect Group.
On the FlexConnect Groups > New page, enter the name of the new group in the Group Name text box. You can
enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters.
Click Apply. The new group appears on the FlexConnect Groups page.
To edit the properties of a group, click the name of the desired group. The FlexConnect Groups > Edit page appears.
If you want to configure a primary RADIUS server for this group (for example, the access points are using 802.1X
authentication), choose the desired server from the Primary RADIUS Server drop-down list. Otherwise, leave the text
box set to the default value of None.
If you want to configure a secondary RADIUS server for this group, choose the server from the Secondary RADIUS
Server drop-down list. Otherwise, leave the field set to the default value of None.
To add an access point to the group, click Add AP. Additional fields appear on the page under Add AP.
Step 9
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
To choose an access point that is connected to this controller, select the Select APs from Current Controller
check box and choose the name of the access point from the AP Name drop-down list.
Note
If you choose an access point on this controller, the MAC address of the access point is automatically
entered in the Ethernet MAC text box to prevent any mismatches from occurring.
To choose an access point that is connected to a different controller, leave the Select APs from Current Controller
check box unselected and enter its MAC address in the Ethernet MAC text box.
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect Groups (GUI)
Note
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
If the FlexConnect access points within a group are connected to different controllers, all of the controllers
must belong to the same mobility group.
Click Add to add the access point to this FlexConnect group. The access points MAC address, name, and status appear
at the bottom of the page.
Note
If you want to delete an access point, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for that access point
and choose Remove.
Click Apply.
Enable local authentication for a FlexConnect Group as follows:
a) Ensure that the Primary RADIUS Server and Secondary RADIUS Server parameters are set to None.
b) Select the Enable AP Local Authentication check box to enable local authentication for this FlexConnect Group.
The default value is unselected.
c) Click Apply.
d) Choose the Local Authentication tab to open the FlexConnect > Edit (Local Authentication > Local Users)
page.
e) To add clients that you want to be able to authenticate using LEAP, EAP-FAST, perform one of the following:
f) Upload a comma-separated values (CSV) file by selecting the Upload CSV File check box, clicking the Browse
button to browse to an CSV file that contains usernames and passwords (each line of the file needs to be in the
following format: username, password), and clicking Add to upload the CSV file. The clients names appear on the
left side of the page under the User Name heading.
g) Add clients individually by entering the clients username in the User Name text box and a password for the client
in the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, and clicking Add to add this client to the list of supported local
users. The client name appears on the left side of the page under the User Name heading.
Note
You can add up to 100
clients.
h) Click Apply.
i) Choose the Protocols tab to open the FlexConnect > Edit (Local Authentication > Protocols) page.
j) To allow a FlexConnect access point to authenticate clients using LEAP, select the Enable LEAP Authentication
check box.
k) To allow a FlexConnect access point to authenticate clients using EAP-FAST, select the Enable EAP-FAST
Authentication check box. The default value is unselected.
l) Perform one of the following, depending on how you want protected access credentials (PACs) to be provisioned:
To use manual PAC provisioning, enter the server key used to encrypt and decrypt PACs in the Server Key and
Confirm Server Key text boxes. The key must be 32 hexadecimal characters.
To allow PACs to be sent automatically to clients that do not have one during PAC provisioning, select the
Enable Auto Key Generation check box
m) In the Authority ID text box, enter the authority identifier of the EAP-FAST server. The identifier must be 32
hexadecimal characters.
n) In the Authority Info text box, enter the authority identifier of the EAP-FAST server in text format. You can enter
up to 32 hexadecimal characters.
o) To specify a PAC timeout value, select the PAC Timeout check box and enter the number of seconds for the PAC
to remain viable in the text box. The default value is unselected, and the valid range is 2 to 4095 seconds when
enabled.
p) Click Apply.
Step 13
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect Groups (CLI)
a) Under Web Auth ACL Mapping, enter the WLAN ID, choose the WebAuth ACL, and click Add to map the web
authentication ACL and the WLAN.
b) Under Local Split ACL Mapping, enter the WLAN ID, and choose the Local Split ACL, and click Add to map the
Local Split ACL to the WLAN.
Note
You can configure up to 16 WLAN-ACL combinations for local split tunneling. Local split tunneling does
not work for clients with static IP address.
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
Step 2
Configure a primary or secondary RADIUS server for the FlexConnect group by entering this command:
config flexconect group group-name radius server auth {{add {primary | secondary} ip-addr auth-port secret} |
{delete {primary | secondary}}}
Step 3
Step 4
781
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect Groups (CLI)
Step 6
Configure local split tunneling on a per-FlexConnect group basis by entering this command:
config flexconnect group group_name local-split wlan wlan-id acl acl-name flexconnect-group-name {enable |
disable}
Step 7
To set multicast/broadcast across L2 broadcast domain on overridden interface for locally switched clients, enter this
command:
config flexconnect group group_name multicast overridden-interface {enable | disable}
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring VLAN-ACL Mapping on FlexConnect Groups (GUI)
config flexconnect group group_name web-auth wlan wlan-id acl acl-name {enable | disable}
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
See the details for a specific FlexConnect Groups by entering this command:
show flexconnect group detail group_name
Step 2
Step 3
Click the Group Name link of the FlexConnect Group for which you want to configure VLAN-ACL mapping.
Click the VLAN-ACL Mapping tab.
The VLAN-ACL Mapping page for that FlexConnect group appears.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring AAA Overrides for FlexConnect
OL-27510-01
Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring AAA Overrides for FlexConnect
At any given point, an AP has a maximum of 16 VLANs. First, the VLANs are selected as per the AP
configuration (WLAN-VLAN), and then the remaining VLANs are pushed from the FlexConnect group
in the order that they are configured or displayed in the FlexConnect group. If the VLAN slots are full,
an error message is displayed.
AAA for locally switched clients supports only VLAN overrides.
Dynamic VLAN assignment is not supported for web authentication from a controller with Access
Control Server (ACS).
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Click Apply.
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect AP Upgrades for FlexConnect Access Points
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Click the Group Name link on which you want to configure the image upgrade.
Click the Image Upgrade tab.
Select the FlexConnect AP Upgrade check box to enable a FlexConnect AP Upgrade.
If you enabled the FlexConnect AP upgrade in the previous step, you must enable the following parameters:
Slave Maximum Retry CountThe number of attempts the slave access point must try to connect to the master
access point for downloading the upgrade image. If the image download does not occur for the configured retry
attempts, the image is upgraded over the WAN.
Upgrade ImageSelect the upgrade image. The options are Primary, Backup, and Abort.
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect AP Upgrades for FlexConnect Access Points
From the AP Name drop-down list, click Add Master to add the master access point.
You can manually assign master access points in the FlexConnect group by selecting the access points.
Step 7
Click Apply.
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Configuring FlexConnect
Configuring FlexConnect AP Upgrades for FlexConnect Access Points
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CHAPTER
15
789
This figure shows a wireless client that roams from one access point to another when both access points are
joined to the same controller.
Figure 104: Intracontroller Roaming
When the wireless client moves its association from one access point to another, the controller simply updates
the client database with the newly associated access point. If necessary, new security context and associations
are established as well.
The process becomes more complicated, however, when a client roams from an access point joined to one
controller to an access point joined to a different controller. It also varies based on whether the controllers are
operating on the same subnet.
OL-27510-01
This figure shows intercontroller roaming, which occurs when the wireless LAN interfaces of the controllers
are on the same IP subnet.
Figure 105: Intercontroller Roaming
When the client associates to an access point joined to a new controller, the new controller exchanges mobility
messages with the original controller, and the client database entry is moved to the new controller. New
security context and associations are established if necessary, and the client database entry is updated for the
new access point. This process remains transparent to the user.
Note
All clients configured with 802.1X/Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security complete a full authentication
in order to comply with the IEEE standard.
791
This figure shows intersubnet roaming, which occurs when the wireless LAN interfaces of the controllers are
on different IP subnets.
Figure 106: Intersubnet Roaming
Inter-subnet roaming is similar to inter-controller roaming in that the controllers exchange mobility messages
on the client roam. However, instead of moving the client database entry to the new controller, the original
controller marks the client with an Anchor entry in its own client database. The database entry is copied to
the new controller client database and marked with a Foreign entry in the new controller. The roam remains
transparent to the wireless client, and the client maintains its original IP address.
In inter-subnet roaming, WLANs on both anchor and foreign controllers need to have the same network access
privileges and no source-based routing or source-based firewalls in place. Otherwise, the clients may have
network connectivity issues after the handoff.
In a static anchor setup using controllers and ACS, if AAA override is enabled to dynamically assign VLAN
and QoS, the foreign controller updates the anchor controller with the right VLAN after a Layer 2 authentiation
(802.1x). For Layer 3 RADIUS authentication, the RADIUS requests for authentication are sent by the anchor
controller.
Mobility is not supported for SSIDs with security type configured for Webauth on MAC filter failure.
Note
If a client roams in web authentication state, the client is considered as a new client on another controller
instead of considering it as a mobile client.
OL-27510-01
Note
Controllers do not have to be of the same model to be a member of a mobility group. Mobility groups can
be comprised of any combination of controller platforms.
As shown above, each controller is configured with a list of the other members of the mobility group. Whenever
a new client joins a controller, the controller sends out a unicast message (or multicast message if mobility
multicast is configured) to all of the controllers in the mobility group. The controller to which the client was
previously connected passes on the status of the client.
For example, if a controller supports 6000 access points, a mobility group that consists of 24 such controllers
supports up to 144,000 access points (24 * 6000 = 144,000 access points).
793
Mobility groups enable you to limit roaming between different floors, buildings, or campuses in the same
enterprise by assigning different mobility group names to different controllers within the same wireless
network.
This figure shows the results of creating distinct mobility group names for two groups of controllers.
Figure 108: Two Mobility Groups
The controllers in the ABC mobility group share access point and client information with each other. The
controllers in the ABC mobility group do not share the access point or client information with the XYZ
controllers, which are in a different mobility group. Likewise, the controllers in the XYZ mobility group do
not share access point or client information with the controllers in the ABC mobility group. This feature
ensures mobility group isolation across the network.
Every controller maintains information about its peer controllers in a mobility list. Controllers can communicate
across mobility groups and clients may roam between access points in different mobility groups if the controllers
are included in each others mobility lists. In the following example, controller 1 can communicate with either
controller 2 or 3, but controller 2 and controller 3 can communicate only with controller 1 and not with each
other. Similarly, clients can roam between controller 1 and controller 2 or between controller 1 and controller
3 but not between controller 2 and controller 3.
OL-27510-01
Controller 1
Mobility group: A
Controller 2
Mobility group: A
Controller 3
Mobility group: C
Mobility list:
Mobility list:
Mobility list:
Controller 1 (group A)
Controller 1 (group A)
Controller 1 (group A)
Controller 2 (group A)
Controller 2 (group A)
Controller 3 (group C)
Controller 3 (group C) ?
The controller supports seamless roaming across multiple mobility groups. During seamless roaming, the
client maintains its IP address across all mobility groups; however, Cisco Centralized Key Management
(CCKM) and proactive key caching (PKC) are supported only for inter-mobility-group roaming. When a
client crosses a mobility group boundary during a roam, the client is fully authenticated, but the IP address is
maintained, and mobility tunneling is initiated for Layer 3 roaming.
795
Note
Client mobility among controllers works only if auto-anchor mobility (also called guest tunneling) or
symmetric mobility tunneling is enabled. Asymmetric tunneling is not supported when mobility controllers
are behind the NAT device. See the Configuring Auto-Anchor Mobility and Using Symmetric Mobility
Tunneling sections for details on these mobility options.
This figure shows an example mobility group configuration with one NAT device. In this example, all packets
pass through the NAT device (that is, packets from the source to the destination and vice versa).
Figure 109: Mobility Group Configuration with One NAT Device
This figure is an example mobility group configuration with two NAT devices. In this example, one NAT
device is used between the source and the gateway, and the second NAT device is used between the destination
and the gateway.
Figure 110: Mobility Group Configuration with Two NAT Devices
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Note
Note
Mobility control packets can use any interface address as the source, based on routing
table. It is recommended that all controllers in the mobility group should have the
management interface in the same subnet. A topology where one controller's management
interface and other controller's dynamic interface are on same subnet not recommended
for seamless mobility.
When controllers in the mobility list use different software versions, Layer 2 or Layer 3 clients have
limited roaming support. Layer 2 or Layer 3 client roaming is supported only between controllers that
use the same version or with controllers that run versions 7.X.X.
Note
If you inadvertently configure a controller with a failover controller that runs a different
software release, the access point might take a long time to join the failover controller
because the access point starts the discovery process in CAPWAP and then changes to
LWAPP discovery.
All controllers must be configured with the same virtual interface IP address.
Note
If necessary, you can change the virtual interface IP address by editing the virtual
interface name on the Controller > Interfaces page.
Note
If all the controllers within a mobility group are not using the same virtual interface,
inter-controller roaming may appear to work, but the handoff does not complete, and
the client loses connectivity for a period of time.
You must have gathered the MAC address and IP address of every controller that is to be included in
the mobility group. This information is necessary because you will be configuring all controllers with
the MAC address and IP address of all the other mobility group members.
797
Note
You can find the MAC and IP addresses of the other controllers to be included in the
mobility group on the Controller > Mobility Groups page of each controllers GUI.
When you configure mobility groups using a third-party firewall, for example, Cisco PIX, or Cisco ASA,
you must open port 16666, and IP protocol 97.
For intercontroller CAPWAP data and control traffic, you must open the ports 5247 and 5264.
This table lists the protocols and port numbers that must be used for management and operational purposes:
Table 48: Protocol/Service and Port Number
Protocol/Service
Port Number
SSH/Telnet
TCP Port 22 or 29
TFTP
UDP Port 69
NTP
SNMP
UDP Port 161 for gets and sets and UDP port 162 for traps.
HTTPS/HTTP
Syslog
Radius Auth/Account
Note
To view information on mobility support across controllers with different software versions, see the Cisco
Wireless Solutions Software Compatibility Matrix.
Note
You cannot perform port address translation (PAT) on the firewall. You must configure one-to-one network
address translation (NAT).
Choose Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Groups to open the Static Mobility Group Members page.
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This page shows the mobility group name in the Default Mobility Group text box and lists the MAC address and IP
address of each controller that is currently a member of the mobility group. The first entry is the local controller, which
cannot be deleted.
If you want to delete any of the remote controllers from the mobility group, hover your cursor over the blue
drop-down arrow for the desired controller and choose Remove.
Note
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
1 In the Member IP Address text box, enter the management interface IP address of the controller to be added.
If you are configuring the mobility group in a network where network address translation (NAT) is enabled,
enter the IP address that is sent to the controller from the NAT device rather than the controllers management
interface IP address. Otherwise, mobility will fail among controllers in the mobility group.
2 In the Member MAC Address text box, enter the MAC address of the controller to be added.
Note
3 In the Group Name text box, enter the name of the mobility group.
The mobility group name is case
sensitive.
4 In the Hash text box, enter the hash key of the peer mobility controller, which should be a virtual controller in the
same domain.
Note
You must configure the hash only if the peer mobility controller is a virtual controller in the same domain.
5 Click Apply to commit your changes. The new controller is added to the list of mobility group members on the Static
Mobility Group Members page.
6 Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
7 Repeat Step a through Step e to add all of the controllers in the mobility group.
8 Repeat this procedure on every controller to be included in the mobility group. All controllers in the mobility group
must be configured with the MAC address and IP address of all other mobility group members.
The Mobility Group Members > Edit All page lists the MAC address, IP address, and mobility group name (optional)
of all the controllers currently in the mobility group. The controllers are listed one per line with the local controller at
the top of the list.
If desired, you can edit or delete any of the controllers in the
list.
Add more controllers to the mobility group as follows:
Note
Step 5
799
You should enter these values on one line and separate each value with one or two
spaces.
Note
The mobility group name is case
sensitive.
3 Repeat Step a and Step b for each additional controller that you want to add to the mobility group.
Note
4 Highlight and copy the complete list of entries in the edit box.
5 Click Apply to commit your changes. The new controllers are added to the list of mobility group members on the
Static Mobility Group Members page.
6 Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
7 Paste the list into the text box on the Mobility Group Members > Edit All page of all the other controllers in the
mobility group and click Apply and Save Configuration.
Step 6
Step 7
On the Mobility Multicast Messaging page, select the Enable Multicast Messaging check box to enable the controller
to use multicast mode to send Mobile Announce messages to the mobility members. If you leave it unselected, the
controller uses unicast mode to send the Mobile Announce messages. The default value is unselected.
If you enabled multicast messaging in the previous step, enter the multicast group IP address for the local mobility group
in the Local Group Multicast IP Address text box. This address is used for multicast mobility messaging.
Note
In order to use multicast messaging, you must configure the IP address for the local mobility
group.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
If desired, you can also configure the multicast group IP address for nonlocal groups within the mobility list. To do so,
click the name of a nonlocal mobility group to open the Mobility Multicast Messaging > Edit page, and enter the multicast
group IP address for the nonlocal mobility group in the Multicast IP Address text box.
Note
If you do not configure the multicast IP address for nonlocal groups, the controller uses unicast mode to send
mobility messages to those members.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 2
Step 3
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Note
If you are configuring the mobility group in a network where network address translation (NAT) is enabled,
enter the IP address that is sent to the controller from the NAT device rather than the controllers management
interface IP address. Otherwise, mobility will fail among controllers in the mobility group.
Enter the config mobility group member delete mac_address command if you want to delete a group member.
Step 4
To configure the hash key of a peer mobility controller, which is a virtual controller in the same domain, enter this
command:
config mobility group member hash peer-ip-address key
Step 5
Step 6
(Optional) You can also configure the multicast group IP address for nonlocal groups within the mobility list. To do so,
enter this command:
config mobility group multicast-address group_name IP_address
If you do not configure the multicast IP address for nonlocal groups, the controller uses unicast mode to send mobility
messages to those members.
Step 7
Step 8
To see the hash key of mobility group members in the same domain, enter this command:
show mobility group member hash
Step 9
Step 10
Repeat this procedure on every controller to be included in the mobility group. All controllers in the mobility group must
be configured with the MAC address and IP address of all other mobility group members.
Enable or disable debugging of multicast usage for mobility messages by entering this command:
debug mobility multicast {enable | disable}
Step 11
801
You can view mobility group statistics using the controller GUI or CLI.
Choose Monitor > Statistics > Mobility Statistics to open the Mobility Statistics page.
This page contains the following fields
Group Mobility Statistics
Rx ErrorsGeneric protocol packet receive errors, such as packet too short or format incorrect.
Tx ErrorsGeneric protocol packet transmit errors, such as packet transmission fail.
Responses RetransmittedMobility protocol that uses UDP and resends requests several times if it does not
receive a response. Because of network or processing delays, the responder may receive one or more retry
requests after it initially responds to a request. This text box shows a count of the response resends.
Handoff Requests ReceivedTotal number of handoff requests received, ignored, or responded to.
Handoff End Requests ReceivedTotal number of handoff end requests received. These requests are sent
by the anchor or foreign controller to notify the other about the close of a client session.
State Transitions DisallowedPolicy enforcement module (PEM) that has denied a client state transition,
usually resulting in the handoff being aborted.
Resource UnavailableNecessary resource, such as a buffer, was unavailable, resulting in the handoff being
aborted.
Mobility Initiator Statistics
Handoff Requests SentNumber of clients that have associated to the controller and have been announced
to the mobility group.
Handoff Replies ReceivedNumber of handoff replies that have been received in response to the requests
sent.
Handoff as Local ReceivedNumber of handoffs in which the entire client session has been transferred.
Handoff as Foreign ReceivedNumber of handoffs in which the client session was anchored elsewhere.
Handoff Denys ReceivedNumber of handoffs that were denied.
Anchor Request SentNumber of anchor requests that were sent for a three-party (foreign-to-foreign) handoff.
The handoff was received from another foreign controller, and the new controller is requesting the anchor to
move the client.
Anchor Deny ReceivedNumber of anchor requests that were denied by the current anchor.
Anchor Grant ReceivedNumber of anchor requests that were approved by the current anchor.
Anchor Transfer ReceivedNumber of anchor requests that closed the session on the current anchor and
transferred the anchor back to the requestor.
Mobility Responder Statistics
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Handoff Requests IgnoredNumber of handoff requests or client announcements that were ignored because
the controller had no knowledge of that client.
Ping Pong Handoff Requests DroppedNumber of handoff requests that were denied because the handoff
period was too short (3 seconds).
Handoff Requests DroppedNumber of handoff requests that were dropped due to either an incomplete
knowledge of the client or a problem with the packet.
Handoff Requests DeniedNumber of handoff requests that were denied.
Client Handoff as LocalNumber of handoff responses sent while the client is in the local role.
Client Handoff as ForeignNumber of handoff responses sent while the client is in the foreign role.
Anchor Requests ReceivedNumber of anchor requests received.
Anchor Requests DeniedNumber of anchor requests denied.
Anchor Requests GrantedNumber of anchor requests granted.
Anchor TransferredNumber of anchors transferred because the client has moved from a foreign controller
to a controller on the same subnet as the current anchor.
Step 2
If you want to clear the current mobility statistics, click Clear Stats.
803
controllers for a WLAN. Instead of being anchored to the first controller that they happen to contact, mobile
clients can be anchored to controllers that control access points in a particular vicinity.
When a client first associates to a controller of a mobility group that has been preconfigured as a mobility
anchor for a WLAN, the client associates to the controller locally, and a local session is created for the client.
Clients can be anchored only to preconfigured anchor controllers of the WLAN. For a given WLAN, you
should configure the same set of anchor controllers on all controllers in the mobility group.
When a client first associates to a controller of a mobility group that has not been configured as a mobility
anchor for a WLAN, the client associates to the controller locally, a local session is created for the client, and
the client is announced to the other controllers in the mobility list. If the announcement is not answered, the
controller contacts one of the anchor controllers configured for the WLAN and creates a foreign session for
the client on the local switch. Packets from the client are encapsulated through a mobility tunnel using EtherIP
and sent to the anchor controller, where they are decapsulated and delivered to the wired network. Packets to
the client are received by the anchor controller and forwarded to the foreign controller through a mobility
tunnel using EtherIP. The foreign controller decapsulates the packets and forwards them to the client.
If multiple controllers are added as mobility anchors for a particular WLAN on a foreign controller, the foreign
controller internally sorts the controller by their IP address. The controller with the lowest IP address is the
first anchor. For example, a typical ordered list would be 172.16.7.25, 172.16.7.28, 192.168.5.15. If the first
client associates to the foreign controller's anchored WLAN, the client database entry is sent to the first anchor
controller in the list, the second client is sent to the second controller in the list, and so on, until the end of
the anchor list is reached. The process is repeated starting with the first anchor controller. If any of the anchor
controller is detected to be down, all the clients anchored to the controller are deauthenticated, and the clients
then go through the authentication/anchoring process again in a round-robin manner with the remaining
controller in the anchor list. This functionality is also extended to regular mobility clients through mobility
failover. This feature enables mobility group members to detect failed members and reroute clients.
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Configure the controller to detect failed anchor controllers within a mobility group as follows:
a) Choose Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Anchor Config to open the Mobility Anchor Config page.
b) In the Keep Alive Count text box, enter the number of times a ping request is sent to an anchor controller before the
anchor is considered to be unreachable. The valid range is 3 to 20, and the default value is 3.
c) In the Keep Alive Interval text box, enter the amount of time (in seconds) between each ping request that is sent to
an anchor controller. The valid range is 1 to 30 seconds, and the default value is 10 seconds.
d) In the DSCP Value text box, enter the DSCP value. The default is 0.
e) Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 2
Step 3
Click the blue drop-down arrow for the desired WLAN or wired guest LAN and choose Mobility Anchors. The Mobility
Anchors page appears.
This page lists the controllers that have already been configured as mobility anchors and shows the current state of their
data and control paths. Controllers within a mobility group communicate among themselves over a well-known UDP
port and exchange data traffic through an Ethernet-over-IP (EoIP) tunnel. They send mpings, which test mobility control
packet reachability over the management interface over mobility UDP port 16666 and they send epings, which test the
mobility data traffic over the management interface over EoIP port 97. The Control Path text box shows whether mpings
have passed (up) or failed (down), and the Data Path text box shows whether epings have passed (up) or failed (down).
If the Data or Control Path text box shows down, the mobility anchor cannot be reached and is considered failed.
Step 4
Step 5
Select the IP address of the controller to be designated a mobility anchor in the Switch IP Address (Anchor) drop-down
list.
Click Mobility Anchor Create. The selected controller becomes an anchor for this WLAN or wired guest LAN.
Note
To delete a mobility anchor for a WLAN or wired guest LAN, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow
for the anchor and choose Remove.
Step 6
Step 7
Repeat Step 4 and Step 6 to set any other controllers as mobility anchors for this WLAN or wired guest LAN.
Configure the same set of mobility anchors on every controller in the mobility group.
Step 8
805
config mobility group keepalive count countSpecifies the number of times a ping request is
sent to a mobility list member before the member is considered to be unreachable. The valid range
is 3 to 20, and the default value is 3.
config mobility group keepalive interval secondsSpecifies the amount of time (in seconds)
between each ping request sent to a mobility list member. The valid range is 1 to 30 seconds, and
the default value is 10 seconds.
Disable the WLAN or wired guest LAN for which you are configuring mobility anchors by entering
this command:
config {wlan | guest-lan} disable {wlan_id | guest_lan_id}
Create a new mobility anchor for the WLAN or wired guest LAN by entering one of these commands:
config mobility group anchor add {wlan | guest-lan} {wlan_id | guest_lan_id}
anchor_controller_ip_address
config {wlan | guest-lan} mobility anchor add {wlan_id | guest_lan_id}
anchor_controller_ip_address
Note
Note
Auto-anchor mobility is enabled for the WLAN or wired guest LAN when you configure
the first mobility anchor.
Delete a mobility anchor for the WLAN or wired guest LAN by entering one of these commands:
config mobility group anchor delete {wlan | guest-lan} {wlan_id | guest_lan_id}
anchor_controller_ip_address
config {wlan | guest-lan} mobility anchor delete {wlan_id | guest_lan_id}
anchor_controller_ip_address
Note
Note
Deleting the last anchor disables the auto-anchor mobility feature and resumes normal
mobility for new associations.
OL-27510-01
Note
The wlan_id and guest_lan_id parameters are optional and constrain the list to the
anchors in a particular WLAN or guest LAN. To see all of the mobility anchors on your
system, enter the show mobility anchor command.
The Status text box shows one of these values:
UPThe controller is reachable and able to pass data.
CNTRL_PATH_DOWNThe mpings failed. The controller cannot be reached through
the control path and is considered failed.
DATA_PATH_DOWNThe epings failed. The controller cannot be reached and is
considered failed.
CNTRL_DATA_PATH_DOWNBoth the mpings and epings failed. The controller
cannot be reached and is considered failed.
See the status of all mobility group members by entering this command:
show mobility summary
Troubleshoot mobility issues by entering these commands:
debug mobility handoff {enable | disable}Debugs mobility handoff issues.
debug mobility keep-alive {enable | disable} allDumps the keepalive packets for all mobility
anchors.
debug mobility keep-alive {enable | disable} IP_addressDumps the keepalive packets for a
specific mobility anchor.
Security Policy
0x00000000
Security_None
0x00000001
Security_WEP
0x00000002
Security_802_1X
807
Security Policy
0x00000004
Security_IPSec*
0x00000008
Security_IPSec_Passthrough*
0x00000010
Security_Web
0x00000020
Security_PPTP*
0x00000040
Security_DHCP_Required
0x00000080
Security_WPA_NotUsed
0x00000100
Security_Cranite_Passthrough*
0x00000200
Security_Fortress_Passthrough*
0x00000400
Security_L2TP_IPSec*
0x00000800
Security_802_11i_NotUsed
Note
0x00001000
Security_Web_Passthrough
OL-27510-01
809
Choose Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Anchor Config to open the Mobility Anchor Config page.
Step 2
OL-27510-01
Note
These ping tests are not Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) based. The term ping is used to
indicate an echo request and an echo reply message.
Note
Any ICMP packet greater than 1280 bytes will always be responded with a packet that is truncated to
1280 bytes. For example, a ping with a packet that is greater than 1280 bytes from a host to the management
interface is always responded with a packet that is truncated to 1280 bytes.
Note
811
controller that does not support the same subnet as the static IP, the clients fail to connect to the network. You
can now enable dynamic tunneling of clients with static IP addresses.
Dynamic anchoring of static IP clients with static IP addresses can be associated with other controllers where
the clients subnet is supported by tunneling the traffic to another controller in the same mobility group. This
feature enables you to configure your WLAN so that the network is serviced even though the clients use static
IP addresses.
Note
If you configure WLAN with an interface group and any of the interfaces in the interface group supports
the static IP client subnet, the client is assigned to that interface. This situation occurs in local or remote
(static IP Anchor) controller.
Note
A security level 2 authentication is performed only in the local (static IP foreign) controller, which is also
known as the exported foreign controller.
OL-27510-01
You cannot configure dynamic anchoring of static IP clients with FlexConnect local switching.
Step 2
Step 3
Click the ID number of the WLAN on which you want to enable dynamic anchoring of IP clients. The WLANs > Edit
page is displayed.
Choose the Advanced tab to open the WLANs > Edit (Advanced) page.
Step 4
Enable dynamic anchoring of static IP clients by selecting the Static IP Tunneling check box.
Step 5
813
Step 2
Click the Blue drop down arrow for the desired WLAN and choose Foreign-Maps.
The foreign mappings page appears. This page also lists the MAC addresses of the foreign controllers that are in the
mobility group and interfaces/interface groups.
Step 3
Choose the desired foreign controller MAC and the interface or interface group to which it must be mapped and click
on Add Mapping.
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Choose Controller > PMIPv6 > General to open the PMIPv6 General page.
Enter the values for the following parameters:
Maximum Bindings AllowedMaximum number of binding updates that the controller can send to the MAG.
The valid range is between 0 to 40000.
Binding LifetimeLifetime of the binding entries in the controller. The valid range is between 10 to 65535
seconds. The default value is 3600. The binding lifetime should be a multiple of 4 seconds.
Binding Refresh TimeRefresh time of the binding entries in the controller. The valid range is between 4 to
65535 seconds. The default value is 300 seconds. The binding refresh time should be a multiple of 4 seconds.
Binding Initial Retry TimeoutInitial timeout between the proxy binding updates (PBUs) when the controller
does not receive the proxy binding acknowledgments (PBAs). The valid range is between 100 to 65535 seconds.
The default value is 1000 seconds.
Binding Maximum Retry TimeoutMaximum timeout between the proxy binding updates (PBUs) when the
controller does not receive the proxy binding acknowledgments (PBAs). The valid range is between 100 to 65535
seconds. The default value is 32000 seconds.
Replay Protection TimestampMaximum amount of time difference between the timestamp in the received
proxy binding acknowledgment and the current time of the day. The valid range is between 1 to 255 milliseconds.
The default value is 7 milliseconds.
Minimum BRI Retransmit TimeoutMinimum amount of time that the controller waits before retransmitting
the BRI message. The valid range is between 500 to 65535 seconds. The default value is 1000 seconds.
Maximum BRI Retransmit TimeoutMaximum amount of time that the controller waits before retransmitting
the Binding Revocation Indication (BRI) message. The valid range is between 500 to 65535 seconds. The default
value is 2000 seconds.
BRI RetriesMaximum number of times that the controller retransmits the BRI message before receiving the
Binding Revocation Acknowledgment (BRA) message. The valid range is between 1 to 10. The default value is 1.
Step 3
Click Apply.
To clear your configuration, click Clear Domain.
Step 4
815
c) Click Apply.
Step 5
Step 6
On the PMIPv6 Profile > New page, enter the values for the following parameters:
Profile NameName of the profile.
Network Access IdentifierName of the Network Access Identifier (NAI) associated with the profile.
LMA NameName of the LMA to which the profile is associated.
Access Point NodeName of the access point node connected to the controller.
Step 7
Step 8
OL-27510-01
Step 3
NAI stands for network access identifier. APN stands for access point
name.
To delete a PMIPv6 entity, enter this command:
config pmipv6 delete {domain domain-name | lma lma-name | profile profile-name nai {user@realm | @realm | *}}
Note
Step 4
Step 5
To configure the PMIPv6 parameters for the WLAN, use these commands:
To configure the default realm for the WLAN, enter this command:
config wlan pmipv6 default-realm {realm-name | none} wlan-id
To configure the mobility type for a WLAN or for all WLANs, enter this command:
config wlan pmipv6 mobility-type {none | pmipv6} {wlan-id | all}
To configure the profile name for a PMIPv6 WLAN, enter this command:
config wlan pmipv6 profile-name name wlan-id
Step 6
817
save config
Step 7
To see the PMIPv6 configuration details, use the following show commands:
To see the details of a profile of a PMIPv6 domain, enter this command:
show pmipv6 domain domain-name profile profile-name
To see a summary of all the PMIPv6 profiles, enter this command:
show pmipv6 profile summary
To see the global information about the PMIPv6 for a MAG, enter this command:
show pmipv6 mag globals
To see information about the MAG bindings for LMA or NAI, enter this command:
show pmipv6 mag bindings {lma lma-name | nai nai-name}
To see statistical information about MAG, enter this command:
show pmipv6 mag stats domain domain-name peer peer-name
To see information about PMIPv6 for all clients, enter this command:
show client summary
To see information about PMIPv6 for a client, enter this command:
show client details client-mac-address
To see information about PMIPv6 for a WLAN, enter this command:
show wlan wlan-id
OL-27510-01
CHAPTER
16
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
819
c) From the Network Auth Type drop-down list, choose the authentication type that you want to configure for the
802.11u parameters on this network.
d) In the HESSID box, enter the homogenous extended service set identifier (HESSID) value. The HESSID is a 6-octet
MAC address that identifies the homogeneous ESS.
e) If the IP address is in the IPv4 format, then from the IPv4 Type drop-down list, choose the IPv4 address type.
f) From the IPv6 Type drop-down list, choose whether you want to make the IPv6 address type available or not.
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Click Apply.
OL-27510-01
config wlan hotspot dot11u 3gpp-info {add index mobile-country-code network-code wlan-id | delete
index wlan-id}
To configure the domain name for the entity operating in the 802.11u network, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u domain {{{add | modify} wlan-id domain-index domain-name} | {delete
wlan-id domain-index}}
To configure a homogenous extended service set identifier (HESSID) value for a WLAN, enter this
command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u hessid hessid wlan-id
The HESSID is a 6-octet MAC address that identifies the homogeneous ESS.
To configure the IP address availability type for the IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses on the WLAN, enter
this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u ipaddr-type ipv4-type ipv6-type wlan-id
To configure the network authentication type, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u auth-type network-auth wlan-id
To configure the Roaming Consortium OI list, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u roam-oi {{{add | modify} wlan-id oi-index oi is-beacon} | {delete wlan-id
oi-index}}
To configure the 802.11u network type and internet access, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u network-type wlan-id network-type internet-access
To configure the realm for the WLAN, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u nai-realm {{{add | modify} realm-name wlan-id realm-index realm-name
| {delete realm-name wlan-id realm-index}}
To configure the authentication method for the realm, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u nai-realm {add | modify} auth-method wlan-id realm-index eap-index
auth-index auth-method auth-parameter
To delete the authentication method for the realm, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u nai-realm delete auth-method wlan-id realm-index eap-index auth-index
To configure the extensible authentication protocol (EAP) method for the realm, enter this command:
config wlan hotpspot dot11u nai-realm {add | modify} eap-method wlan-id realm-index eap-index
eap-method
To delete the EAP method for the realm, enter this command:
config wlan hotspot dot11u nai-realm delete eap-method wlan-id realm-index eap-index
821
Service advertisements use MSAP to provide services to mobile devices prior to association to a Wi-Fi access
network. This information is conveyed in a service advertisement. A single-mode or dual-mode mobile device
queries the network for service advertisements before association. The device's network discovery and the
selection function may use the service advertisements in its decision to join the network.
OL-27510-01
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Click Apply.
823
Press the tab key after entering a keyword or argument to get a list of valid values for
the command.
OL-27510-01
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click Wireless > All APs to open the All APs page.
Click the AP Name link to configure the HotSpot parameters on the desired access point. The AP Details page appears.
Under the General Tab, configure the following parameters:
Venue GroupThe venue category that this access point belongs to. The following options are available:
Unspecified
Assembly
Business
Educational
Factory and Industrial
Institutional
Mercantile
Residential
Storage
Utility and Misc
Vehicular
Outdoor
Venue TypeDepending on the venue category selected above, the venue type drop-down list displays options
for the venue type.
Venue NameVenue name that you can provide to the access point. This name is associated with the BSS. This
is used in cases where the SSID does not provide enough information about the venue.
LanguageThe language used. An ISO-14962-1997 encoded string defining the language. This is a three character
language code. Enter the first three letters of the language in English (For example, eng for English).
Step 4
Click Apply.
825
Tip
Press the tab key after entering a keyword or argument to get a list of valid values for
the command.
config ap venue delete ap-nameDeletes the venue related information from the access point.
Table 50: Venue Group Mapping
Value
UNSPECIFIED
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Value
ASSEMBLY
BUSINESS
0UNSPECIFIED BUSINESS
1DOCTOR OR DENTIST OFFICE
2BANK
3FIRE STATION
4POLICE STATION
6POST OFFICE
7PROFESSIONAL OFFICE
8RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITY
9ATTORNEY OFFICE
827
Value
EDUCATIONAL
FACTORY-INDUSTRIAL
INSTITUTIONAL
0UNSPECIFIED INSTITUTIONAL
1HOSPITAL
2LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY (E.G., NURSING
HOME, HOSPICE, ETC.)
3ALCOHOL AND DRUG RE-HABILITATION
CENTER
4GROUP HOME
5PRISON OR JAIL
MERCANTILE
0UNSPECIFIED MERCANTILE
1RETAIL STORE
2GROCERY MARKET
3AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE STATION
4SHOPPING MALL
5GAS STATION
RESIDENTIAL
0UNSPECIFIED RESIDENTIAL
1PRIVATE RESIDENCE
2HOTEL OR MOTEL
3DORMITORY
4BOARDING HOUSE
STORAGE
UNSPECIFIED STORAGE
UTILITY-MISC
OL-27510-01
Value
VEHICULAR
10
OUTDOOR
11
0UNSPECIFIED OUTDOOR
1MUNI-MESH NETWORK
2CITY PARK
3REST AREA
4TRAFFIC CONTROL
5BUS STOP
6KIOSK
829
OL-27510-01
APPENDIX
Troubleshooting
Interpreting LEDs, page 831
System Messages, page 832
Viewing System Resources, page 835
Using the CLI to Troubleshoot Problems, page 836
Configuring System and Message Logging, page 838
Viewing Access Point Event Logs, page 845
Uploading Logs and Crash Files, page 846
Uploading Core Dumps from the Controller, page 848
Uploading Packet Capture Files, page 851
Monitoring Memory Leaks, page 854
Troubleshooting CCXv5 Client Devices, page 855
Using the Debug Facility, page 865
Configuring Wireless Sniffing, page 870
Troubleshooting Access Points Using Telnet or SSH_old, page 872
Debugging the Access Point Monitor Service, page 874
Troubleshooting OfficeExtend Access Points, page 875
Interpreting LEDs
Information About Interpreting LEDs
This section describes how to interpret controller LEDs and lightweight access point LEDs.
831
Troubleshooting
System Messages
System Messages
Information About System Messages
This table lists some common system messages and their descriptions. For a complete list of system messages,
see the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller System Message Guide, Release 7.0.
Table 51: System Messages and Descriptions
Error Message
Description
STATION_DEAUTHENTICATE
STATION_AUTHENTICATION_FAIL
STATION_ASSOCIATE_FAIL
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Information About System Messages
Error Message
Description
LRAD_ASSOCIATED
LRAD_DISASSOCIATED
LRAD_UP
LRAD_DOWN
LRADIF_UP
LRADIF_DOWN
LRADIF_LOAD_PROFILE_FAILED
LRADIF_NOISE_PROFILE_FAILED
LRADIF_NOISE_PROFILE_PASSED
Informational message.
833
Troubleshooting
Information About System Messages
Error Message
Description
RRM_DOT11_B_GROUPING_DONE
Informational message.
ROGUE_AP_DETECTED
ROGUE_AP_REMOVED
A detected rogue access point has timed out. The unit might
have shut down or moved out of the coverage area.
AP_MAX_ROGUE_COUNT_EXCEEDED The current number of active rogue access points has exceeded
system threshold.
LINK_UP
LINK_DOWN
LINK_FAILURE
AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE
STP_NEWROOT
Informational message.
STP_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE
Informational message.
IPSEC_ESP_AUTH_FAILURE
IPSEC_ESP_REPLAY_FAILURE
IPSEC_ESP_POLICY_FAILURE
IPSEC_ESP_INVALID_SPI
Informational message.
IPSEC_OTHER_POLICY_FAILURE
IPSEC_IKE_NEG_FAILURE
IPSEC_SUITE_NEG_FAILURE
IPSEC_INVALID_COOKIE
Informational message.
RADIOS_EXCEEDED
SENSED_TEMPERATURE_HIGH
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Viewing System Resources
Error Message
Description
SENSED_TEMPERATURE_LOW
TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_FAILURE
TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_CLEAR
POE_CONTROLLER_FAILURE
MAX_ROGUE_COUNT_EXCEEDED
SWITCH_UP
SWITCH_DOWN
RADIUS_SERVERS_FAILED
CONFIG_SAVED
MULTIPLE_USERS
FAN_FAILURE
POWER_SUPPLY_CHANGE
COLD_START
WARM_START
835
Troubleshooting
Guidelines and Limitations - not used
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Using the CLI to Troubleshoot Problems
show process cpuShows how various tasks in the system are using the CPU at that instant in time.
This command is helpful in understanding if any single task is monopolizing the CPU and preventing
other tasks from being performed.
The Priority field shows two values: 1) the original priority of the task that was created by the actual
function call and 2) the priority of the task divided by a range of system priorities.
The CPU Use field shows the CPU usage of a particular task.
The Reaper field shows three values: 1) the amount of time for which the task is scheduled in user mode
operation, 2) the amount of time for which the task is scheduled in system mode operation, and 3) whether
the task is being watched by the reaper task monitor (indicated by a T). If the task is being watched
by the reaper task monitor, this field also shows the timeout value (in seconds) before which the task
needs to alert the task monitor.
Note
If you want to see the total CPU usage as a percentage, enter the show cpu command.
show process memoryShows the allocation and deallocation of memory from various processes in
the system at that instant in time.
In the example above, the following fields provide information:
The Name field shows the tasks that the CPU is to perform.
The Priority field shows two values: 1) the original priority of the task that was created by the actual
function call and 2) the priority of the task divided by a range of system priorities.
The BytesInUse field shows the actual number of bytes used by dynamic memory allocation for a
particular task.
The BlocksInUse field shows the chunks of memory that are assigned to perform a particular task.
The Reaper field shows three values: 1) the amount of time for which the task is scheduled in user mode
operation, 2) the amount of time for which the task is scheduled in system mode operation, and 3) whether
the task is being watched by the reaper task monitor (indicated by a T). If the task is being watched
by the reaper task monitor, this field also shows the timeout value (in seconds) before which the task
needs to alert the task monitor.
show tech-supportShows an array of information related to the state of the system, including the
current configuration, last crash file, CPU utilization, and memory utilization.
show run-configShows the complete configuration of the controller. To exclude access point
configuration settings, use the show run-config no-ap command.
Note
If you want to see the passwords in clear text, enter the config passwd-cleartext enable command. To
execute this command, you must enter an admin password. This command is valid only for this particular
session. It is not saved following a reboot.
show run-config commandsShows the list of configured commands on the controller. This command
shows only values configured by the user. It does not show system-configured default values.
837
Troubleshooting
Configuring System and Message Logging
Choose Management > Logs > Config. The Syslog Configuration page appears.
Figure 113: Syslog Configuration Page
Step 2
Step 3
In the Syslog Server IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the server to which to send the syslog messages and
click Add. You can add up to three syslog servers to the controller. The list of syslog servers that have already been
added to the controller appears below this text box.
Note
If you want to remove a syslog server from the controller, click Remove to the right of the desired
server.
To set the severity level for filtering syslog messages to the syslog servers, choose one of the following options from
the Syslog Level drop-down list:
Emergencies = Severity level 0
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring System and Message Logging (GUI)
To set the facility for outgoing syslog messages to the syslog servers, choose one of the following options from the
Syslog Facility drop-down list :
Kernel = Facility level 0
User Process = Facility level 1
Mail = Facility level 2
System Daemons = Facility level 3
Authorization = Facility level 4
Syslog = Facility level 5 (default value)
Line Printer = Facility level 6
USENET = Facility level 7
Unix-to-Unix Copy = Facility level 8
Cron = Facility level 9
FTP Daemon = Facility level 11
System Use 1 = Facility level 12
System Use 2 = Facility level 13
System Use 3 = Facility level 14
System Use 4 = Facility level 15
Local Use 0 = Facility level 16
Local Use 2 = Facility level 17
Local Use 3 = Facility level 18
Local Use 4 = Facility level 19
Local Use 5 = Facility level 20
Local Use 5 = Facility level 21
839
Troubleshooting
Configuring System and Message Logging (GUI)
Click Apply.
To set the severity level for logging messages to the controller buffer and console, choose one of the following options
from both the Buffered Log Level and Console Log Level drop-down lists:
Emergencies = Severity level 0
Alerts = Severity level 1
Critical = Severity level 2
Errors = Severity level 3 (default value)
Warnings = Severity level 4
Notifications = Severity level 5
Informational = Severity level 6
Debugging = Severity level 7
Disable This option is available only for Console Log level. Select this option to disable console logging.
If you set a logging level, only those messages whose severity is equal to or less than that level are logged by the controller.
For example, if you set the logging level to Warnings (severity level 4), only those messages whose severity is between
0 and 4 are logged.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Select the File Info check box if you want the message logs to include information about the source file. The default
value is enabled.
Select the Trace Info check box if you want the message logs to include traceback information. The default is disabled.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Viewing Message Logs (GUI)
Note
To clear the current message logs from the controller, click Clear.
Enable system logging and set the IP address of the syslog server to which to send the syslog messages by entering this
command:
config logging syslog host server_IP_address
You can add up to three syslog servers to the controller.
Note
Step 2
To remove a syslog server from the controller by entering this command: config logging syslog host
server_IP_address delete
Set the severity level for filtering syslog messages to the syslog server by entering this command:
config logging syslog level severity_level
where severity_level is one of the following:
emergencies = Severity level 0
alerts = Severity level 1
critical = Severity level 2
841
Troubleshooting
Configuring System and Message Logging (CLI)
As an alternative, you can enter a number from 0 through 7 for the severity_level parameter.
If you set a syslog level, only those messages whose severity is equal to or less than that level are sent to the
syslog server. For example, if you set the syslog level to Warnings (severity level 4), only those messages whose
severity is between 0 and 4 are sent to the syslog server.
Set the severity level for filtering syslog messages for a particular access point or for all access points by entering this
command:
config ap logging syslog level severity_level {Cisco_AP | all}
Note
Step 3
Set the facility for outgoing syslog messages to the syslog server by entering this command:
config logging syslog facility facility_code
where facility_code is one of the following:
authorization = Authorization system. Facility level = 4.
auth-private = Authorization system (private). Facility level = 10.
cron = Cron/at facility. Facility level = 9.
daemon = System daemons. Facility level = 3.
ftp = FTP daemon. Facility level = 11.
kern = Kernel. Facility level = 0.
local0 = Local use. Facility level = 16.
local1 = Local use. Facility level = 17.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring System and Message Logging (CLI)
Set the severity level for logging messages to the controller buffer and console, enter these commands:
config logging buffered severity_level
config logging console severity_level
where severity_level is one of the following:
emergencies = Severity level 0
alerts = Severity level 1
critical = Severity level 2
errors = Severity level 3
warnings = Severity level 4
notifications = Severity level 5
informational = Severity level 6
debugging = Severity level 7
Note
Note
As an alternative, you can enter a number from 0 through 7 for the severity_level parameter.
If you set a logging level, only those messages whose severity is equal to or less than that level are logged by
the controller. For example, if you set the logging level to Warnings (severity level 4), only those messages
whose severity is between 0 and 4 are logged.
843
Troubleshooting
Viewing System and Message Logs (CLI)
Step 6
Save debug messages to the controller buffer, the controller console, or a syslog server by entering these commands:
config logging debug buffered {enable | disable}
config logging debug console {enable | disable}
config logging debug syslog {enable | disable}
By default, the console command is enabled, and the buffered and syslog commands are disabled.
Step 7
To cause the controller to include information about the source file in the message logs or to prevent the controller from
displaying this information by entering this command:
config logging fileinfo {enable | disable}
The default value is enabled.
Step 8
Configure the controller to include process information in the message logs or to prevent the controller from displaying
this information by entering this command:
config logging procinfo {enable | disable}
The default value is disabled.
Step 9
Configure the controller to include traceback information in the message logs or to prevent the controller from displaying
this information by entering this command:
config logging traceinfo {enable | disable}
The default value is disabled.
Step 10
Enable or disable timestamps in log messages and debug messages by entering these commands:
config service timestamps log {datetime | disable}
config service timestamps debug {datetime | disable}
where
datetime = Messages are timestamped with the standard date and time. This is the default value.
disable = Messages are not timestamped.
Step 11
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Viewing Access Point Event Logs
To delete the existing event log and create an empty event log file for a specific access point or for all
access points joined to the controller, enter this command:
clear ap-eventlog {specific Cisco_AP | all}
845
Troubleshooting
Uploading Logs and Crash Files
Choose Command > Upload File. The Upload File from Controller page appears.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose one of the following:
Event Log
Message Log
Trap Log
Crash File
Step 3
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Uploading Logs and Crash Files (CLI)
3 In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number of the FTP server. The default value for the server port
is 21.
Step 8
Click Upload to upload the log or crash file from the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the upload.
To transfer the file from the controller to a server, enter this command:
transfer upload mode {tftp | ftp}
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
847
Troubleshooting
Uploading Core Dumps from the Controller
Step 6
When prompted to confirm the current settings and start the software upload, answer y.
Choose Management > Tech Support > Core Dump to open the Core Dump page.
Figure 115: Core Dump Page
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
To enable the controller to generate a core dump file following a crash, select the Core Dump Transfer check box.
To specify the type of server to which the core dump file is uploaded, choose FTP from the Transfer Mode drop-down
list.
In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the FTP server.
Note
The controller must be able to reach the FTP
server.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring the Controller to Automatically Upload Core Dumps to an FTP Server (CLI)
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
In the File Name text box, enter the name that the controller uses to label the core dump file.
In the User Name text box, enter the username for FTP login.
In the Password text box, enter the password for FTP login.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
To enable or disable the controller to generate a core dump file following a crash, enter this command:
config coredump {enable | disable}
Step 2
To specify the FTP server to which the core dump file is uploaded, enter this command:
config coredump ftp server_ip_address filename
where
server_ip_address is the IP address of the FTP server to which the controller sends its core dump file.
Note
filename is the name that the controller uses to label the core dump file.
Step 3
To specify the username and password for FTP login, enter this command:
config coredump username ftp_username password ftp_password
Step 4
Step 5
To see a summary of the controllers core dump file, enter this command:
Example:
849
Troubleshooting
Uploading Core Dumps from Controller to a Server (CLI)
To see information about the core dump file in flash memory, enter this command:
show coredump summary
Information similar to the following appears:
Core Dump is disabled
Core Dump file is saved on flash
Sw Version.................................... 6.0.83.0
Time Stamp.................................... Wed Feb 4 13:23:11 2009
File Size..................................... 9081788
File Name Suffix........................... filename.gz
Step 2
To transfer the file from the controller to a server, enter these commands:
transfer upload mode {tftp | ftp }
transfer upload datatype coredump
transfer upload serverip server_ip_address
transfer upload path server_path_to_file
transfer upload filename filename
Note
Step 3
After the file is uploaded, it ends with a .gz suffix. If desired, you can upload the same core dump file
multiple times with different names to different servers.
Step 4
Step 5
When prompted to confirm the current settings and start the software upload, answer y.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Uploading Packet Capture Files
You can use the controller GUI or CLI to upload the packet capture file from the controller. You can then use
Wireshark or another standard packet capture tool to view and analyze the contents of the file.
851
Troubleshooting
Restrictions for Uploading Packet Capture Files
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Uploading Packet Capture Files (GUI)
Choose Commands > Upload File to open the Upload File from Controller page.
From the File Type drop-down list, choose Packet Capture.
From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
TFTP
FTP
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Click Upload to upload the packet capture file from the controller. A message appears indicating the status of the upload.
Use Wireshark or another standard packet capture tool to open the packet capture file and see the last 50 packets that
were received by the controller.
In the File Name text box, enter the name of the packet capture file. These files have a .pcap extension.
If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
a) In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
b) In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
c) In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the upload occurs. The
default value is 21.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
853
Troubleshooting
Monitoring Memory Leaks
Step 8
Step 9
Enter the transfer upload start command to see the updated settings and then answer y when prompted to confirm the
current settings and start the upload process. This example shows the upload command output:
Use Wireshark or another standard packet capture tool to open the packet capture file and see the last 50 packets that
were received by the controller.
Caution
The commands in this section can be disruptive to your system and should be run only when you are
advised to do so by the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC).
To enable or disable monitoring for memory errors and leaks, enter this command:
config memory monitor errors {enable | disable}
The default value is disabled.
Note
Step 2
Your changes are not saved across reboots. After the controller reboots, it uses the default setting for this feature.
If you suspect that a memory leak has occurred, enter this command to configure the controller to perform an auto-leak
analysis between two memory thresholds (in kilobytes):
config memory monitor leaks low_thresh high_thresh
If the free memory is lower than the low_thresh threshold, the system crashes, generating a crash file. The default value
for this parameter is 10000 kilobytes, and you cannot set it below this value.
Set the high_thresh threshold to the current free memory level or higher so that the system enters auto-leak-analysis
mode. After the free memory reaches a level lower than the specified high_thresh threshold, the process of tracking and
freeing memory allocation begins. As a result, the debug memory events enable command shows all allocations and
frees, and the show memory monitor detail command starts to detect any suspected memory leaks. The default value
for this parameter is 30000 kilobytes.
Step 3
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting CCXv5 Client Devices
Step 4
To see the details of any memory leaks or corruption, enter this command:
show memory monitor detail
Information similar to the following appears:
Memory error detected. Details:
------------------------------------------------ Corruption detected at pmalloc entry address:
(0x179a7ec0)
- Corrupt entry:headerMagic(0xdeadf00d),trailer(0xabcd),poison(0xreadceef),
entrysize(128),bytes(100),thread(Unknown task name, task id = (332096592)),
file(pmalloc.c),line(1736),time(1027)
Previous 1K memory dump from error location.
-----------------------------------------------(179a7ac0): 00000000 00000000 00000000 ceeff00d readf00d
(179a7ae0): 17958b20 00000000 1175608c 00000078 00000000
(179a7b00): 00000003 00000006 00000001 00000004 00000001
(179a7b20): 00000001 00000002 00000002 00000001 00000004
(179a7b40): cbddf004 192f465e 7791acc8 e5032242 5365788c
(179a7b60): 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
(179a7b80): 00000000 00000000 17958dc0 00000000 1175608c
(179a7ba0): 179a7ba4 00000001 00000003 00000006 00000001
(179a7bc0): 00000002 00000002 00000010 00000001 00000002
(179a7be0): 0000001a 00000089 00000000 00000000 000000d8
(179a7c00): 1722246c 1722246c 00000000 00000000 00000000
(179a7c20): readf00d 00000080 00000000 00000000 179a7b78
Step 5
00000080
readceef
00000009
00000000
a1b7cee6
ceeff00d
00000078
00000004
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
179a7afc
00000009
00000000
00000000
readf00d
00000000
00000001
0000001e
00000000
00000000
1175608c
00000000
00000001
0000020d
5d7b9aba
00000000
00000080
readceef
00003763
00000013
17222194
ceeff00d
00000078
If a memory leak occurs, enter this command to enable debugging of errors or events during memory allocation:
debug memory {errors | events} {enable | disable}
855
Troubleshooting
Configuring Diagnostic Channel
Note
We recommend that you enable the diagnostic channel feature only for nonanchored SSIDs that use the
management interface.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
If you want to enable diagnostic channel troubleshooting on this WLAN, select the Diagnostic Channel check box.
Otherwise, leave this check box unselected, which is the default value.
Note
You can use the CLI to initiate diagnostic tests on the
client.
Click Apply to commit your changes.
Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring Diagnostic Channel
Step 1
Step 2
To verify that your change has been made, enter this command:
show wlan wlan_id
Information similar to the following appears:
WLAN Identifier..................................
Profile Name.....................................
Network Name (SSID)..............................
Status...........................................
MAC Filtering....................................
Broadcast SSID...................................
AAA Policy Override..............................
Number of Active Clients.........................
Exclusionlist Timeout............................
Session Timeout..................................
Interface........................................
WLAN ACL.........................................
DHCP Server......................................
DHCP Address Assignment Required.................
Quality of Service...............................
WMM..............................................
CCX - AironetIe Support..........................
CCX - Gratuitous ProbeResponse (GPR).............
CCX - Diagnostics Channel Capability.............
...
Step 3
1
employee1
employee
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
0
60 seconds
Infinity
virtual
unconfigured
Default
Disabled
Silver (best effort)
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
To send a request to the client to perform the DHCP test, enter this command:
config client ccx dhcp-test client_mac_address
This test does not require the client to use the diagnostic
channel.
To send a request to the client to perform the default gateway ping test, enter this command:
config client ccx default-gw-ping client_mac_address
Note
Step 4
This test does not require the client to use the diagnostic
channel.
To send a request to the client to perform the DNS server IP address ping test, enter this command:
config client ccx dns-ping client_mac_address
Note
Step 5
This test does not require the client to use the diagnostic
channel.
To send a request to the client to perform the DNS name resolution test to the specified host name, enter this command:
config client ccx dns-resolve client_mac_address host_name
Note
Step 6
857
Troubleshooting
Configuring Diagnostic Channel
This test does not require the client to use the diagnostic
channel.
To send a request to the client to perform the association test, enter this command:
config client ccx test-association client_mac_address ssid bssid {802.11a | 802.11b | 802.11g} channel
Note
Step 7
Step 8
To send a request to the client to perform the 802.1X test, enter this command:
config client ccx test-dot1x client_mac_address profile_id bssid {802.11a | 802.11b | 802.11g} channel
Step 9
To send a request to the client to perform the profile redirect test, enter this command:
config client ccx test-profile client_mac_address profile_id
The profile_id should be from one of the client profiles for which client reporting is enabled.
Users are redirected back to the parent WLAN, not to any other profile. The only profile shown is the users
parent profile. Note however that parent WLAN profiles can have one child diagnostic WLAN.
Use these commands if necessary to abort or clear a test:
Note
Step 10
To send a request to the client to abort the current test, enter this command:
config client ccx test-abort client_mac_address
Only one test can be pending at a time, so this command aborts the current pending test.
To clear the test results on the controller, enter this command:
config client ccx clear-results client_mac_address
Step 11
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring Diagnostic Channel
Step 13
To see the status of the last test response, enter this command:
show client ccx last-response-status client_mac_address
Information similar to the following appears for the 802.1X authentication test:
Test Status...................................... Success
Response
Response
Response
Response
Step 14
Dialog Token............................
Status..................................
Test Type...............................
Time....................................
87
Successful
802.1x Authentication Test
3476 seconds since system boot
To see the results from the last successful diagnostics test, enter this command:
show client ccx results client_mac_address
859
Troubleshooting
Configuring Diagnostic Channel
Information similar to the following appears for the 802.1X authentication test:
dot1x Complete................................... Success
EAP Method....................................... *1,Host OS Login Credentials
dot1x Status.................................. 255
Step 15
To see the relevant data frames captured by the client during the previous test, enter this command:
show client ccx frame-data client_mac_address
Information similar to the following appears:
LOG Frames:
Frame Number:....................................
Last Frame Number:...............................
Direction:.......................................
Timestamp:.......................................
Frame Length:....................................
Frame Data:
00000000: 80 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 12 44
00000010: 00 12 44 bd bd b0 f0 af 43 70 00 f2 82
00000020: 64 00 11 08 00 01 00 01 08 8c 12 98 24
00000030: 6c 05 04 01 02 00 00 85 1e 00 00 89 00
00000040: 03 19 00 41 50 32 33 2d 31 30 00 00 00
00000050: 00 00 00 00 00 00 26 96 06 00 40 96 00
00000060: 18 00 50 f2 01 01 00 00 50 f2 05 01 00
00000070: 05 01 00 00 40 96 00 28 00 dd 06 00 40
1
1120
1
0d 00h 50m 39s 863954us
197
bd
01
b0
0f
00
ff
00
96
bd
00
48
00
00
ff
50
01
b0
00
60
ff
00
dd
f2
01
............D...
..D.....Cp......
d...........$.H`
l...............
...AP23-10......
......&...@.....
..P.....P.....P.
....@..(....@...
00000080:
00000090:
000000a0:
000000b0:
04
32
01
62
00
00
01
32
02
00
82
2f
....@......@....
....#...BC..b2..
...@......P.....
.....'...BC^.b2/
00
07
dd
00
dd
a4
05
03
05
00
00
a4
00
00
40
00
40
23
96
00
96
a4
0b
27
03
00
01
a4
04
00
dd
00
dd
42
18
00
16
43
00
42
00
00
50
43
40
00
f2
5e
96
62
02
00
LOG Frames:
Frame Number:....................................
Last Frame Number:...............................
Direction:.......................................
Timestamp:.......................................
Frame Length:....................................
Frame Data:
00000000: 80 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 0d ed
00000010: 00 0d ed c3 a0 22 00 bd 4d 50 a5 f7 78
00000020: 64 00 01 00 00 01 00 01 08 8c 12 98 24
00000030: 6c 05 04 01 02 00 00 85 1e 00 00 84 00
00000040: 03 19 00 72 6f 67 75 65 2d 74 65 73 74
00000050: 00 00 00 00 00 00 23 96 06 00 40 96 00
00000060: 06 00 40 96 01 01 00 dd 05 00 40 96 03
00000070: 00 40 96 0b 01 dd 18 00 50 f2 02 01 01
00000080: a4 00 00 27 a4 00 00 42
00000090: b4 ab 84
2
1120
1
0d 00h 50m 39s 878289us
147
c3
08
b0
0f
31
10
04
81
a0
00
48
00
00
00
dd
00
22
00
60
ff
00
dd
05
03
..............."
....."..MP..x...
d...........$.H`
l...............
...rogue-test1..
......#...@.....
..@.......@.....
.@......P.......
43 5e 00 62 32 2f 00 d2
...'...BC^.b2/..
...
LOG Frames:
Frame Number:....................................
Last Frame Number:...............................
Direction:.......................................
Timestamp:.......................................
Frame Length:....................................
Frame Data:
00000000: 80 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 12 44
00000010: 00 12 44 bd 80 30 60 f7 46 c0 8b 4b d1
00000020: 64 00 11 08 00 01 00 01 08 8c 12 98 24
00000030: 6c 05 04 00 02 00 00 85 1e 00 00 89 00
00000040: 03 19 00 41 50 34 30 2d 31 37 00 00 00
00000050: 00 00 00 00 00 00 26 dd 18 00 50 f2 01
00000060: 50 f2 05 01 00 00 50 f2 05 01 00 00 40
3
1120
1
0d 00h 50m 39s 881513us
189
bd
05
b0
0f
00
01
96
80
00
48
00
00
00
00
30
00
60
ff
00
00
28
............D..0
..D..0`.F..K....
d...........$.H`
l...............
...AP40-17......
......&...P.....
P.....P.....@..(
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring Client Reporting
00000070: 00 dd 06 00 40 96 01 01
00 dd 05 00 40 96 03 04
....@.......@...
00000080:
00000090:
000000a0:
000000b0:
...
07
dd
00
00
...@........#...
BC..b2.....@....
..P..........'..
.BC^.b2/....o
dd
42
18
00
16
43
00
42
00
00
50
43
40
00
f2
5e
96
62
02
00
04
32
01
62
00
00
01
32
05
00
85
2f
a4
05
03
0b
00
00
a4
9a
00
40
00
1d
23 a4 00 00
96 0b 01 dd
00 27 a4 00
6f
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 1
To send a request to the client to send its profiles, enter this command:
config client ccx get-profiles client_mac_address
Step 2
To send a request to the client to send its current operating parameters, enter this command:
config client ccx get-operating-parameters client_mac_address
861
Troubleshooting
Configuring Roaming and Real-Time Diagnostics
Step 3
To send a request to the client to send the manufacturers information, enter this command:
config client ccx get-manufacturer-info client_mac_address
Step 4
To send a request to the client to send its capability information, enter this command:
config client ccx get-client-capability client_mac_address
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
This command displays the clients available capabilities, not current settings for the capabilities.
Step 1
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring Roaming and Real-Time Diagnostics
Time=3125(ms)
Transition Reason: Normal roam, poor link
Transition Result: Success
Tue Jun 26 18:28:48 2007 Roaming Response LogID=133: Status=Successful
Event Timestamp=0d 00h 00m 16s 599006us
Source BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:c2, Target BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:c2, Transition
Time=3235(ms)
Transition Reason: Normal roam, poor link
Transition Result: Success
Event Timestamp=0d 00h 00m 19s 882921us
Source BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:c2, Target BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:c2, Transition
Time=3234(ms)
Transition Reason: Normal roam, poor link
Transition Result: Success
Tue Jun 26 18:28:48 2007 Roaming Response LogID=133: Status=Successful
Event Timestamp=0d 00h 00m 08s 815477us
Source BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:c2, Target BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:d2, Transition
Time=3281(ms)
Transition Reason: First association to WLAN
Transition Result: Success
Event Timestamp=0d 00h 00m 26s 637084us
Source BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:d2, Target BSSID=00:0b:85:81:06:c2, Transition
Time=3313(ms)
Information similar to the following appears for a log response with a log_type of rsna:
Tue Jun 26 18:24:09 2007
863
Troubleshooting
Configuring Roaming and Real-Time Diagnostics
Information similar to the following appears for a log response with a log_type of syslog:
Tue Jun 26 18:07:48 2007
Step 3
Step 4
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Using the Debug Facility
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
865
Troubleshooting
Information About Using the Debug Facility
Source address
Destination address
Protocol
Source port (if applicable)
Destination port (if applicable)
EoIP payload Ethernet header ACL
Destination address
Source address
Ethernet type
VLAN ID
EoIP payload IP header ACL
Source address
Destination address
Protocol
Source port (if applicable)
Destination port (if applicable)
CAPWAP payload 802.11 header ACL
Destination address
Source address
BSSID
SNAP header type
CAPWAP payload IP header ACL
Source address
Destination address
Protocol
Source port (if applicable)
Destination port (if applicable)
At each level, you can define multiple ACLs. The first ACL that matches the packet is the one that is selected.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring the Debug Facility (CLI)
To disable the debug facility, enter this command: debug packet logging disable.
867
Troubleshooting
Configuring the Debug Facility (CLI)
proto is a numeric or any string recognized by getprotobyname(). The controller supports the following strings:
ip, icmp, igmp, ggp, ipencap, st, tcp, egp, pup, udp, hmp, xns-idp, rdp, iso-tp4, xtp, ddp, idpr-cmtp, rspf, vmtp,
ospf, ipip, and encap.
src_port is the UDP/TCP two-byte source port (for example, telnet, 23) or any. The controller accepts a
numeric or any string recognized by getservbyname(). The controller supports the following strings: tcpmux,
echo, discard, systat, daytime, netstat, qotd, msp, chargen, ftp-data, ftp, fsp, ssh, telnet, smtp, time, rlp,
nameserver, whois, re-mail-ck, domain, mtp, bootps, bootpc, tftp, gopher, rje, finger, www, link, kerberos,
supdup, hostnames, iso-tsap, csnet-ns, 3com-tsmux, rtelnet, pop-2, pop-3, sunrpc, auth, sftp, uucp-path, nntp,
ntp, netbios-ns, netbios-dgm, netbios-ssn, imap2, snmp, snmp-trap, cmip-man, cmip-agent, xdmcp, nextstep,
bgp, prospero, irc, smux, at-rtmp, at-nbp, at-echo, at-zis, qmtp, z3950, ipx, imap3, ulistserv, https, snpp, saft,
npmp-local, npmp-gui, and hmmp-ind.
dst_port is the UDP/TCP two-byte destination port (for example, telnet, 23) or any. The controller accepts
a numeric or any string recognized by getservbyname(). The controller supports the same strings as those for
the src_port.
debug packet logging acl eoip-eth rule_index action dst src type vlan
debug packet logging acl eoip-ip rule_index action src dst proto src_port dst_port
debug packet logging acl lwapp-dot11 rule_index action dst src bssid snap_type
where
bssid is the Basic Service Set Identifier.
snap_type is the Ethernet type.
debug packet logging acl lwapp-ip rule_index action src dst proto src_port dst_port
Note
Step 2
To remove all configured ACLs, enter this command: debug packet logging acl clear-all.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Configuring the Debug Facility (CLI)
Step 3
Step 4
disabled
25
0
text2pcap
869
Troubleshooting
Configuring Wireless Sniffing
Driver ACL:
[1]: disabled
[2]: disabled
[3]: disabled
[4]: disabled
[5]: disabled
[6]: disabled
Ethernet ACL:
[1]: disabled
[2]: disabled
[3]: disabled
[4]: disabled
[5]: disabled
[6]: disabled
IP ACL:
[1]: disabled
[2]: disabled
[3]: disabled
[4]: disabled
[5]: disabled
[6]: disabled
EoIP-Ethernet ACL:
[1]: disabled
[2]: disabled
[3]: disabled
[4]: disabled
[5]: disabled
[6]: disabled
EoIP-IP ACL:
[1]: disabled
[2]: disabled
[3]: disabled
[4]: disabled
[5]: disabled
[6]: disabled
LWAPP-Dot11 ACL:
[1]: disabled
[2]: disabled
[3]: disabled
[4]: disabled
[5]: disabled
[6]: disabled
LWAPP-IP ACL:
[1]: disabled
[2]: disabled
[3]: disabled
[4]: disabled
[5]: disabled
[6]: disabled?
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Restrictions for Wireless Sniffing
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Click the name of the access point that you want to configure as the sniffer. The All APs > Details for page appears.
From the AP Mode drop-down list, choose Sniffer.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Click Apply.
Click OK when prompted that the access point will be rebooted.
Choose Wireless > Access Points > Radios > 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) to open the 802.11a/n (or 802.11b/g/n) Radios
page.
Hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired access point and choose Configure. The 802.11a/n
(or 802.11b/g/n) Cisco APs > Configure page appears.
Select the Sniff check box to enable sniffing on this access point, or leave it unselected to disable sniffing. The default
value is unchecked.
If you enabled sniffing in Step 8, follow these steps:
a) From the Channel drop-down list, choose the channel on which the access point sniffs for packets.
b) In the Server IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the remote machine running Omnipeek, Airopeek,
AirMagnet, or Wireshark.
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
871
Troubleshooting
Configuring Sniffing on an Access Point (CLI)
Step 2
Step 3
When warned that the access point will be rebooted and asked if you want to continue, enter Y. The access point reboots
in sniffer mode.
Enable sniffing on the access point by entering this command:
config ap sniff {802.11a | 802.11b} enable channel server_IP_address Cisco_AP
where
channel is the radio channel on which the access point sniffs for packets. The default values are 36 (802.11a/n)
and 1 (802.11b/g/n).
server_IP_address is the IP address of the remote machine running Omnipeek, Airopeek, AirMagnet, or Wireshark.
Cisco_AP is the access point configured as the sniffer.
Note
To disable sniffing on the access point, enter the config ap sniff {802.11a | 802.11b} disable Cisco_AP
command.
Step 4
Step 5
See the sniffer configuration settings for an access point by entering this command:
show ap config {802.11a | 802.11b} Cisco_AP
Note
For instructions on configuring Telnet or SSH SSH sessions on the controller, see the
Configuring Telnet and Secure Shell Sessions section.
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Guidelines and Limitations
Choose Wireless > Access Points > All APs to open the All APs page.
Click the name of the access point for which you want to enable Telnet or SSH.
Choose the Advanced tab to open the All APs > Details for (Advanced) page.
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Select the Telnet check box to enable Telnet connectivity on this access point. The default value is unchecked.
Select the SSH check box to enable SSH connectivity on this access point. The default value is unchecked.
Click Apply.
Click Save Configuration.
Disable Telnet or SSH connectivity on an access point by entering this command: config ap {telnet | ssh}
disable Cisco_AP
Step 2
Step 3
See whether Telnet or SSH is enabled on an access point by entering this command:
show ap config general Cisco_AP
Information similar to the following appears:
Cisco AP Identifier..............................
Cisco AP Name....................................
Country code.....................................
Reg. Domain allowed by Country...................
AP Country code..................................
AP Regulatory Domain.............................
Switch Port Number ..............................
MAC Address......................................
IP Address Configuration.........................
5
AP33
Multiple Countries:US,AE,AR,AT,AU,BH
802.11bg:-ABCENR 802.11a:-ABCEN
US - United States
802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A
2
00:19:2f:11:16:7a
Static IP assigned
873
Troubleshooting
Debugging the Access Point Monitor Service
IP Address.......................................
IP NetMask.......................................
Gateway IP Addr..................................
Domain...........................................
Name Server......................................
Telnet State.....................................
Ssh State........................................
...
10.22.8.133
255.255.248.0
10.22.8.1
Enabled
Enabled
OL-27510-01
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting OfficeExtend Access Points
875
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Resolution: Ask the teleworker to perform a speed test and a ping test. Some servers do not return big
packet pings.
Clients keep dropping data. This behavior usually occurs because the home router closes the port because
of short timeouts.
Resolution: Perform client troubleshooting in Cisco Prime Infrastructure to determine if the problem is
related to the OfficeExtend access point or the client.
The access point is not broadcasting the enterprise WLAN.
Resolution: Ask the teleworker to check the cables, power supply, and LED status. If you still cannot
identify the problem, ask the teleworker to try the following:
Connect to the home router directly and see if the PC is able to connect to an Internet website such
as http://www.cisco.com/. If the PC cannot connect to the Internet, check the router or modem. If
the PC can connect to the Internet, check the home router configuration to see if a firewall or
MAC-based filter is enabled that is blocking the access point from reaching the Internet.
Log on to the home router and check to see if the access point has obtained an IP address. If it has,
the access points LED normally blinks orange.
The access point cannot join the controller, and you cannot identify the problem.
Resolution: A problem could exist with the home router. Ask the teleworker to check the router manual
and try the following:
Assign the access point a static IP address based on the access points MAC address.
Put the access point in a demilitarized zone (DMZ), which is a small network inserted as a neutral
zone between a companys private network and the outside public network. It prevents outside
users from getting direct access to a server that has company data.
If problems still occur, contact your companys IT department for assistance.
The teleworker experiences problems while configuring a personal SSID on the access point.
Resolution: Clear the access point configuration and return it to factory default settings by clicking
Clear Config on the access point GUI or by entering the clear ap config Cisco_AP command and then
configuring a personal SSID on an OfficeExtend Access Point. If problems still occur, contact your
companys IT department for assistance.
The home network needs to be rebooted.
Resolution: Ask the teleworker to follow these steps:
Leave all devices networked and connected, and then power down all the devices.
Turn on the cable or DSL modem, and then wait for 2 minutes. (Check the LED status.)
Turn on the home router, and then wait for 2 minutes. (Check the LED status.)
Turn on the access point, and then wait for 5 minutes. (Check the LED status.)
Turn on the client.
OL-27510-01
INDEX
A
Access Control List Name parameter 245
access control lists (ACLs) 244, 245, 249, 250, 773, 865
applying to a WLAN 250
using the CLI 250
applying to the controller CPU 250
using the CLI 250
configuring 249, 250
using the CLI 249, 250
counters 245, 249
configuring using the CLI 249
configuring using the GUI 245
rules 244, 249, 773
using with the debug facility 865
Access Control Lists > Edit page 247, 775
Access Control Lists > New page 245
Access Control Lists page 245
Access Mode parameter 120, 121
access point 587
assisted roaming, described 587
access point core dumps, uploading 434
using the GUI 434
access point count, approved tiers for 5500 series controllers 89
access point event logs, viewing 845
access point groups 373, 374
assigning access points to 373, 374
using the CLI 374
using the GUI 373
creating 373, 374
using the CLI 373, 374
removing 373, 374
using the CLI 374
using the GUI 373
viewing 374
access point monitor service, debugging 874
access point radios, searching for 409, 410
access points 136, 403, 404, 416, 419, 421, 424, 429, 430, 438, 502, 832
assisted roaming 136
authorization list 424
authorizing 419, 421
using LSCs 421
IN-1
Index
B
Back-up Primary Controller Name field 465, 531
Back-up Secondary Controller Name parameter 466, 531
Backhaul Client Access parameter 539, 628
OL-27510-01
Index
C
CA Server URL parameter 422
CAC 153, 154, 156, 352, 589, 598, 600
configuring for 7920 phones 352
enabling 153, 154
using the CLI 154
using the GUI 153
in mesh networks 589
viewing in mesh networks 598, 600
viewing using the CLI 156
capacity adder license. See licenses 88
CCKM 336, 777
configuring 336
FlexConnect groups 777
CCX 367, 368, 491
configuring Aironet IEs 368
using the CLI 368
described 367
link test 491
viewing a clients version 368
using the GUI 368
CCX Layer 2 client roaming 136, 137, 139
configuring 139
using the CLI 139
debugging using the CLI 139
described 136, 137
obtaining information using the CLI 139
CCX radio management 728
features 728
flexconnect considerations 728
CCX Version parameter 368
CCXv5 clients 179
enabling location presence 179
CCXv5 Req button 861
CDP > AP Neighbors > Detail page 170
IN-3
Index
OL-27510-01
Index
D
data encryption 401, 454
and OfficeExtend access points 454
configuring 401
using the CLI 401
using the GUI 401
Data Encryption parameter 401, 452
Data Path parameter 805
Data Rates parameter 107
date 41
configuring through NTP server 41
DCA Channel Sensitivity parameter 561, 706
DCA Channels parameter 562, 707
IN-5
Index
E
EAP Profile Name parameter 230
EAPOL-Key Max Retries parameter 229
EAPOL-Key Timeout parameter 229
EDCA Profile parameter 163
Edit QoS Profile page 142
Edit QoS Role Data Rates page 145
Egress Interface parameter 690
Email Input parameter 691
Enable AP Local Authentication parameter 780
Enable Authentication for Listener parameter 105
Enable Check for All Standard and Custom Signatures
parameter 291
Enable Counters parameter 245
Enable Coverage Hole Detection parameter 708
Enable CPU ACL parameter 248
Enable Default Authentication parameter 105
F
factory default settings 181
resetting using the GUI 181
failover priority for access points 475, 476
configuring 475, 476
using the GUI 475
configuring 475, 476
using the CLI 476
described 475
viewing using the CLI 476
failover protection 10, 11
OL-27510-01
Index
G
General (controller) page 77, 719
configuring an RF group 719
enabling link aggregation 77
General (security) page 217
General page 228
Generate Rehost Ticket button 101
Global AP Failover Priority parameter 475
Global Configuration page 465, 475, 531
configuring backup controllers 465, 531
configuring failover priority for access points 475
H
Headline parameter 674
hex2pcap sample output 869
Holdtime parameter 167
HTTP Access parameter 29
HTTP Configuration page 29
HTTPS Access parameter 29
Hysteresis parameter 138
I
Identity Request Max Retries parameter 228
Identity Request Timeout parameter 228
IDS sensors 284
described 284
IDS signatures 287, 291, 292, 293, 294
described 287
frequency 292
MAC frequency 292, 293
measurement interval 292
pattern 292
quiet time 292, 294
tracking method 291
IGMP Snooping 390
IGMP Timeout parameter 133
IKE Diffie Hellman Group parameter 199
IKE Phase 1 parameter 199
Index parameter for IDS 284
indoor access points 623
converting to mesh access points 623
IN-7
Index
J
Japanese country codes 479, 483
Japanese regulations for migrating access points from the -J to
the -U regulatory domain 482
K
Keep Alive Count parameter 805
L
LAG Mode on Next Reboot parameter 77
Last Auto Channel Assignment parameter 706
Layer 2 5
operation 5
Layer 2 Security parameter 336, 341, 382
Layer 3 5, 193
operation 5
security 193
described 193
Layer 3 Security parameter 344, 345, 347, 382, 690
for VPN passthrough 344, 347
for web authentication 345
for web redirect 382
for wired guest access 690
LDAP 221, 223
choosing server priority order 223
configuring 221, 223
using the GUI 221, 223
LDAP server 223
assigning to WLANs 223
LDAP Servers page 221
LDAP Servers parameter 230
Lease Time parameter 320
LEDs 502, 832
configuring 502
interpreting 832
license agent 104
described 104
License Commands page 91
License Detail page 92, 96
licenses 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 100, 101, 102, 103
installing 91, 92
using the CLI 92
using the GUI 91
obtaining 89, 91
rehosting 100, 101, 102
described 100
using the GUI 101, 102
removing 92
using the CLI 92
OL-27510-01
Index
licenses (continued)
removing (continued)
using the GUI 92
saving 91, 92
using the CLI 92
using the GUI 91
SKUs 90
transferring to a replacement controller after an RMA 103
viewing 93
using the CLI 93
Licenses page 92, 96
Lifetime parameter 218, 667
lightweight mode, reverting to autonomous mode 418
link aggregation (LAG) 75, 76
described 75
illustrated 76
link latency 454, 493
and OfficeExtend access points 454
described 493
Link Status parameter 71
link test 491, 492, 620, 622
performing 492, 620, 622
using the CLI 492
using the GUI 492, 620, 622
types of packets 491
Link Test 492, 621
button 492
option 492, 621
window 621
Link Trap parameter 71
Listener Message Processing URL parameter 105
load-based CAC 148, 150
described 148
enabling 150
using the GUI 150
Lobby Ambassador Guest Management > Guest Users List
page 667
Local Auth Active Timeout parameter 228
Local Authentication on a WLAN 771
using the GUI 771
local authentication, local switching 758
local EAP 227, 233, 234, 235
debugging 234, 235
example 227
viewing information using the CLI 233
Local EAP Authentication parameter 230
Local Management Users > New page 666
Local Management Users page 666
Local Mode AP Fast Heartbeat Timer parameter 465
Local Net Users > New page 218
local significant certificate (LSC) 421, 422
configuring 421, 422
using the GUI 421, 422
described 421
M
MAC address of access point 436
displayed on controller GUI 436
MAC Address parameter 526
MAC filtering 322, 323
configuring on WLANs 322, 323
MAC Filtering page 526
MAC Filters > New page 526
management frame protection (MFP) 250
types 250
Management Frame Protection parameter 253
management frame validation 251
management interface 57
described 57
Management IP Address parameter 452
management over wireless 240
described 240
Master Controller Configuration page 404
Master Controller Mode parameter 404
Max HTTP Message Size parameter 105
Max RF Bandwidth parameter 151, 153
Max-Login Ignore Identity Response parameter 229
IN-9
Index
N
NAC out-of-band integration 385
diagram 385
NAC out-of-band support 386, 387
configuring for a specific access point group 386, 387
using the CLI 387
using the GUI 386
NAC State parameter 373, 386
NAT address 58, 59, 67, 68
for dynamic interface 67, 68
for management interface 58, 59
NAT devices in mobility groups 795
Native VLAN ID parameter 768
Neighbor Discovery Packet 715
neighbor information 620, 622
viewing for an access point using the CLI 622
viewing for an access point using the GUI 620
Neighbor Information option 620
Neighbor Packet Frequency parameter 709
neighbor statistics 622
viewing for an access point using the CLI 622
viewing for an access point using the GUI 622
OL-27510-01
Index
O
OfficeExtend Access Point Home page 456
OfficeExtend access points 441, 450, 451, 453, 457
and NAT 441
configuring 451, 453, 457
a personal SSID 457
using the GUI 451, 453
described 441
firewall requirements 450
supported access point models 441
typical setup 441
viewing statistics 457
OfficeExtend Access Points 875
LEDs 875
positioning 875
OfficeExtend AP parameter 452
online help, using 28
operating system 4
security 4
software 4
operating with Cisco 3200 Series Mobile Access Routers 626
described 626
Order Used for Authentication parameter 199, 213
Over-ride Global Credentials parameter 412, 414, 415, 453
Override Global Config parameter 685, 691
Override Interface ACL parameter 248
Overview of CleanAir 733
P
P2P Blocking parameter 326
packet capture files 851, 852, 853, 854
described 851
sample output in Wireshark 852
uploading 853, 854
using the CLI 853, 854
Params parameter 422
IN-11
Index
Q
QBSS 352
QoS 141, 349
levels 141, 349
QoS profiles 141, 143, 144
configuring 141, 143, 144
using the CLI 143, 144
using the GUI 141, 143
QoS roles 144, 145, 146
configuring 144, 145, 146
using the CLI 146
using the GUI 144, 145
Quality of Service (QoS) parameter 350
Quarantine parameter 66, 386
for dynamic interface 66
NAC out-of-band integration 386
quarantined VLAN 58, 66, 386, 760, 765
configuring 58, 66
using 765
with FlexConnect 760
with NAC out-of-band integration 386
Query Interval parameter 285
R
radio core dumps 432, 433
described 432
uploading 433
using the GUI 433
OL-27510-01
Index
S
Save and Reboot button 652
Save Licenses button 91
saving configuration settings 660
Scan Threshold parameter 138
Scope Name parameter 320
SE-Connect 752
IN-13
Index
T
TACACS+ 207, 208, 211, 213
accounting 208
authentication 207
authorization 207
configuring 213
using the GUI 213
described 207
roles 211
TACACS+ (Authentication, Authorization, or Accounting) Servers
> New page 212
TACACS+ (Authentication, Authorization, or Accounting) Servers
page 212
TACACS+ Administration .csv page (on CiscoSecure ACS) 215,
216
OL-27510-01
Index
U
U-APSD 149, 155, 156
described 149
viewing status 155, 156
using the CLI 156
using the GUI 155
UDP port 810
UDP, use in RADIUS 194
unicast mode 130
unique device identifier (UDI) 490, 491
described 490
retrieving 491
using the CLI 491
using the GUI 491
Upload button 290, 654, 847, 853
Upload CSV File parameter 780
Upload File from Controller page 433, 654, 656, 853
URL to Send the Notifications parameter 105
USB console port, using on a 5500 series controller 74
V
Validate Rogue Clients Against AAA parameter 265
Validity parameter 654
VCI strings 426
Verify Certificate CN Identity parameter 230
video information, viewing for mesh networks using the CLI 598
virtual interface 62
described 62
VLAN ID parameter 386, 768
VLAN Identifier parameter 61, 66, 67
for AP-manager interface 61
for dynamic interface 66, 67
VLAN Select 82
VLANs 65, 71
described 65
guidelines 71
voice information, viewing for mesh networks using the CLI 598
Voice RSSI parameter 708
voice settings 152
configuring 152
using the GUI 152
voice-over-IP (VoIP) telephone roaming 136
VoIP calls, error codes 359
VoIP snooping 354, 355
described 354, 355
VoIP Snooping and Reporting parameter 355
VPN Gateway Address parameter 344
VPN passthrough 343, 348
configuring using the GUI 348
described 343
W
Web Auth Type parameter 685, 691
IN-15
Index
OL-27510-01