Chapter1 Introduction Part

1.1 Introduction:
Readymade garments are fast growing export sector in Bangladesh. The overall impact of
readymade garments export is certainly one of the most significant social and economic
developments in contemporary Bangladesh. In order to simulate rapid of the country,
particularly through industrialization, the government has adopted an open door policy to
attract foreign investment in Bangladesh. As a result there are about 2500 export oriented
readymade garments in Bangladesh.
The Merchandising is known to the persons specially involved in garments trade. The term
merchandising has been derived from the merchandise. Merchandise means buying and
selling huge amounts of goods. The term MERCHANDISING may be defined as person,
who merchandises the goods, specifically for export purposes. Garments merchandising
means buying raw materials & accessories, producing garments, maintaining required quality
level and exporting the garments within scheduled time.
Merchandising is an important work in garments sector. So that merchandiser job is essential
for every garment. In this job the employer must have need hard working mind, convincing
power, instant intelligence, powerful observation, patience etc. Without merchandiser no
garments can run smoothly.
Without buyer no garments can exists. For this reason buyer satisfaction is very important.
Buyer buys the products from any organization. In garments sector buyer means especially
foreign buyer who come to our country and buy products from our garments. At this time of
giving order if buyer satisfied with the help of merchandiser then the buyer will come again.
Buyers another condition is delivery the products in due time. Merchandiser take care this
condition seriously. Because if buyers do not get products due time then they will not come
again that garments. So merchandisers are handling and caring all kinds of work from taking
order to delivery products to buyers and always wants to satisfy them because garments or
garments sectors welfare depends on buyers satisfaction.

1.2 Objective of the Study:

1.2.1 Broad Objective:
The main objective of this report is to present an overall idea about the proper buyer handling
process performed by the merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd. How they efficiently deal a
buyer order.
1.2.2 Specific Objectives:
To know buyers satisfaction level of APS Apparels Ltd.
To understand and analyze the garments merchandising operation and management of

APS Apparels ltd.

To know the garments strategy to keep long term buying relationships with the buyer.
To know the garments ability to deal with giant buyer.
To focus on major elements of merchandising process.
Identify and show the level of problem in merchandising dep.

1.3 Scope of the Study:

Scope of this Research Report is limited to APS Apparels Limited Merchandising and
marketing Department.I also designe the study with the combination of the Organizational
Structure, operational plan, production plan, buyer dealing plan, logistic plan and analyze
merchandising plan of APS Apparels Limited. The scope of work also include--Build up
communication skill with each other, observation of work, scope to learn how to negotiate,
scope to learn of work procedure.
1.4 Methodology:
This is a descriptive type of research that has undertaken insights and understanding
about overall merchandising operation in buyer dealing of APS Apparels Limited in
Bangladesh. This report is prepared on the basis of primary and secondary sources.
Collection of Primary Data:

Desk work.

Industry visit.

Direct conversation Official records.

Observation of various expert opinions.

Informal conversation with the clients.

Collection of Secondary Data:

Relevant papers.
Many websites.
Published of different products.
Manual from the merchandising and others department
1.5 Limitations:
I faced some limitation during my work. But it was a great opportunity for me to know about
the efficient merchandising system in buyer dealing in APS Apparels Ltd. So here some
constraints are given bellow
It was unable to provide some formatted documents data for the study of the
garments.
Due to time limitations, many of the aspects could not be discussed in the present
report.
Merchandisers do not have enough time to give the information elaborately.
Short time visit in different work stations
Sufficient records, facts and figures are not available.

Chapter 2 Organizational Part

2.1 Background of APS Apparels Ltd:

APS Group is one of the most renowned Textiles& apparel manufacturing Ltd. in Bangladesh
situated at Faidabad, Dakshinkhan, Dhaka, Bangladesh. APS Apparels Ltd established in the
year 1999, the quality standards and is engaged in manufacturing of all kinds of knitted
garments.
APS Apparels td is a garment manufacturer which has deep penetration till root level of order
execution from yarn procurement, knitting, weaving and dying to garment production. The
garments have technical person to ensure quality of product in every step of production. They
are supplier of raw Jute & all types of jute products like Jute twill bag, Gunny bag, jute yarn,
Fabric, Bags, Sacks, & other jute items. They are provider of all kinds of garments stock-lot
as well. They can offer best quality products in very competitive price. Under the profound
guidance of their Started by Hasib Udine and his Uncle Shamim Reza, (APS Group with five
apparel manufacturing facilities established in 1991), their garments has gained an immense
success and has earned goodwill with twenty years of experience in the garments industries.
The Chairman is guiding their team with his wide experience and skill.
Their product is made using top quality yarn that is procured from reliable sources across
world. They make use of world class in-house infrastructure and modern machines as well as
simple hand tools that helps in producing high quality fabric in large volumes and varieties.
They are dedicated to offer timely delivery of goods and services at affordable prices.
In general, APS Apparels Limited has always tried to meet the buyer expectation to do
business smoothly and to seek better position in the garments industry.

2.2 Corporate Governance:

2.2.1 Board of Directors:
There is a board of Directors of 6 members in the APS Apparels Ltd. The board of Directors
is the apex body of the APS Apparels Ltd. It appears like thisDesignation

Name

Chairman

Hasib Uddin

Marketing Manager & Director

Ali Mridha

Director

Ena Reza

Director

Abul Hasnat

General Manager (GM) Admin

MM Rahman

General Manager (GM) Commercial

Mr. Narul

Other key person:

Jahiduz Zaman,
Ex. Director
Mr. Md. Wahidur Rahman,
Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
Mr. Afsar Uddin Ahmed,
Head of Internal Audit

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Organogram of APS Group:

Figure 01: Organogram of APS Group

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Organogram of Production:

Figure 02: Organogram of Production

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2.3 Organizational Analysis:

2.3.1 Strategic Posture:
2.3.1.1 Vision and Mission:
Since the establishment, APS Apparels Ltd always has been dedicated to its customer service.
The success of the garments is based on its managements devotee and innovative attitude
and firm commitment to its ultimate goal.
Vision:
Our vision is to achieve 100% export oriented world class ready-made garments factory
committed to quality at competitive price, established with latest/sophisticated machinery &
equipment, run by honest, dedicated & long experienced.
Mission:
The mission of the APS Apparels Ltd is a world class knitwear industry.
2.3.1.2 Goals:
1. Meet our buyers / Customers Expectations:
Make quality a habit at all areas of operation
Achieve AQL 2.5 for our production
2. Strong profitability
Reduce wastage at all levels & process
Achieve & sustain over 95% utilization of man-machine capacity.
3. Team-work & motivated workforce
Goals are shared by all members of management & staffs
Offer a safe & rewarding work environment to our workforce
4. Lay foundations for future
Reinvestment of profit in expansion of capacity & resources.
Invest in our people in upgrading their lives

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2.3.1.3Objective of the APS Apparels Ltd:

It houses the latest equipment and State of the art machinery imported from around
the world.

The facilities for Development, sample making, fitting, storing, cutting, sewing,
finishing and packing enable a streamlined and hassle free process of production.

Our integrated facilities to manufacture garments are designed to handle both smaller
quantity orders to larger volumes.

Our main values are Integrity and honesty for our valued customers at all stages.

2.3.2 CSR Commitments of APS Apparels Ltd:

APS Apparels Limited Commitments are as follow:

Operate the business with honesty and reliability.

Comply with all legal requirements to conduct business.
Provide proper job environment
Produce environmental friendly product.
Focusing on improved service to the customers and stakeholders.

2.3.4 APS Apparels Ltd Current Situation:

Their knowledge and commitment has made them a multi product garments with clients all
over the world. They work hard to address the expectations of their customer in an innovative
way. Their present order amount in million

Order amount
7.3
5.5
4.5

KIABI

LINDEX

MONO PRIX

OKAIDI

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They keep their continuous growth. Their companies try to maintain long listing relation with
their clients and ensure serving best to them on the basis of following parameters:
High product facility.
Sourcing of products from reliable manufacturers at competitive prices.
Good quality and on time delivery.
Believes in cost effective productivity.
Strong network of manufacturers and vendors

Recently they have opened a big unit in Pubile. It consists of 50 production lines. This will
boost up the production of APS Apparels Ltd.
From the very beginning they try to full fill their target in two ways. That isShort term
Use the modern technology and human resource.

Total year Target

Attract more buyer

Look for the new market
Offer more product
Diversify their product

2.4 Organizational Profile:

2.4.1 Factory Profile:
Mother Concern: APS Apparels Ltd.
Sister Concern : APS Apparels (Dyeing Unit) Ltd.
APS Design Works Ltd
APS Clothing Ltd.
APS Holdings Ltd.
APS Paper Works Ltd.
Name of the Company: APS Apparels Ltd.
Corporate Office: Holding # 106, Ward # 05, Baitur Rahmat Jame Mosque

Road,East Faidabad, Dakshinkhan, Dhaka - 1230, Bangladesh.

Nature of the company: 100% Export Oriented Knit composite Factory.
Chairman :Hasib Uddin
Date of Incorporation: 1999
Annual Business Volume: US$10 Million US$50 Million

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 Certification:

Oeko-Tex Certificate for Fabric.

Oeko-Tex Certificate for Garments.
GOT'S-IN Certificate.
Organic Content Standard (OCS-In).
Facility and Merchandise Authorization from Walt

Disney.
Number of Business Unit: 28
Category: Textiles & Leather Products - Genuine Leather
Region: Bangladesh APS Apparels Ltd
Link Tool: Bangladesh Textiles & Leather Products - Bangladesh Genuine Leather
Tags: Garment Production - Jute Products - Raw Jute
Zip Code: 88
Website: http://aps-group.org
Phone: 88-02-8653211
Fax: 88-02-8653211
Logo:

Space
Employee
Item of products

: 1,20,000sqft
: 3000
: T-Shirts, Polo Shirts, Tank Tops, Sweat Shirts, Night Wears,

Jogging Suits, Trousers Etc.

Stakeholders:
Bankers:
United Commercial Bank lt., Foreign Exchange Branch, Dilkhusa C/A, Dhaka.

Member:
1.
2.

Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers Exporters Association (BGMEA)

Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers Exporters Association (BKMEA)

2.4.2 Floor Wise Department:

Floor

Description of machine & Department

Basement
Floor

Fabric Store and Accessories & General Store: 13,000 sqft

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Ground

Doctor's Room/Medical Center, Child Day-care, Sub-station, HR Office,

4 Inspection Rooms, GM (Prod) Room, Pilot Line, Parking: 13,000 sqft.

1st

Sewing=13,000 sqft

2nd

Sewing=13,000 sqft

3rd&4th

Finishing & Packing & Merchandising department=26,000 sqft

5th

Office & Compliances & Finance Department

6th

Sample Section, CAD Room, Kitchen & Cutting Area, Small Garden : 13,000
sqft

7th

Prayer Room, Worker Dinning, Lab & Store - 8,000 sqft

2.4.3 Product mix and Capacity:

Annually dyed finish fabrics production

: 4000 Metric Tons.

Annually finish garments production

: 14.4 million pieces.

At present there are:

20 (twenty) sewing lines,
30 (thirty) circular knitting machines,
16 (sixteen) flat knit machines The product mix & annual capacity based on single
shift operation for sewing & two shifts operation for knitting, printing, & embroidery
based on 8 (eight) hours/day excluding lunch break. There also the night shift when
there is a lot of work.

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2.4.4 List of Machinery:

Circular Knitting Machine
Circular Knitting Machine
Rib/Interlock
Single Jersey
Flat knit machine
Circular Knitting Machine
Circular Knitting Machine
Rib/Interlock

05 Nos.
22 Nos.
12 Nos.
17 Nos.
06 Nos.
05 Nos.
22 Nos.
12 Nos.

Finishing Machinery
Turkey Squeezer ( Turkey)

02 Nos.

Steam Setting (Korea)

02 Nos.

Compactor (USA)

02 Nos.

Compactor (Open width)

01 Nos.

Turning machine

01 Nos.

Relax Dryer (Tube) Turkey

01 Nos.

Century cooling tower-Korea

6Nos

Fabcon (Finishing) compactor-U.S.A

2Nos

Donnam (Finishing) calander-Korea

3Nos

Fabcon (Squiser)-U.S.A

3Nos

Turning machine Slitting (Turkey

Relax Dryer (Open)

01 Nos.
01Nos.

Plain Machine:
Auto Trimmer Plain Machine
Button Hole Machine

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Button Stitch Machine

Bar tuck Machine
Snap Button
Over lock:
Over Lock Marching

: 250 Sets

PMD

: 03 Sets

Flat Lock:
Automatic Fabric & Thread Trimmer (Pagasus)

:142 Sets

Power and Utility:

Generator (Diesel)-Japan

2Nos

Generator (Gas) Waukesha-U.S.A

2Nos

Generator 900 & 500 KW (USA)

02 Sets

2.5 Product category of the APS Apparels Limited:

APS Apparels Ltd is tray to diversify their product. They produce wide range of product
depend on the buyer demand and choice. The garments design product for men and women.

Polo shirt
T-shirt
Tank Tops
Shorts
Skirts
Night Wears
Trousers
Sports wear

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2.6 Fabrics Supplier:

APS Apparels Ltd collects the best fabrics based on their buyer demand. They collect most of
the yarn from outside of the country and some from the local supplier. Some of the fabrics
supplier company and countries name is given below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Vahu limited (China)

Winnitex Limited (Hong Kong)
YTEX International Limited (Hong Kong)
Human Machinery and Equipment Import & Export Corporation (China)
Gulf Shipping Line
Sapphire Finishing Mills Limited
J & A Textiles Limited (Hong Kong)

2.7 Sources of Raw Materials:

APS Apparels Ltd is a buyer oriented garments. They always look toward the buyer choice
and demand. They collect most of the raw materials from outside of the country and some
from the local supplier. Some of the supplier countries name is given below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

China
Taiwan
Philippines
India
Germany

2.8 The Overall Market and Target Market:

It is APS Apparels Ltd ambition to have a lateral thought process which will help in designing
unique and innovative range of apparels. All their endeavors have been well appreciated by
their clients who have motivated them to go beyond the expectations of their clients. Their
overall market is in-

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France

USA

UK

Germany

Other

5%
10%

40%
20%

25%

Their commitment to providing best quality in trendy knitwear and hosiery garments has won
their trust of a wide clientele, spread across the world.
2.9 Major Buyers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Kiabi
Lindex
Gina Tricot
Red Cats
Kappahl
Mono Prix
Hem Tex

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8. Okaidi
9. H & M
2.10 Major Exporting Countries:
1. Australia
2. UK
3. Italy
4. Spain
5. USA
6. Germany
7. France
2.11 Major Competitor:
We know that there is a huge competition in the garments industry.APS Apparels Ltd is a
fully export oriented garments so they have face both local and international competitor.
There are many garments compete with the APS Apparels Ltd those are India, Pakistan,
Korea, Thailand, China. Some listed local garments given below:
1. Beximco Textile
2. Anlima Group
3. Square Textile
4. Mondol Group
2.12 Competitive products:
They offer to their clients a fabulous collection of knitted and custom wears for mens,
womens, boys, girls and kids. Their product features and attributes include: Designs of their
product, Color Combination, Shrinkage, Dimensions, Uniformity, Texture, Dyeing, and
Knitting. Depend on this aspect APS Apparels Ltd competes with the local and international
Industry.
2.13 Working Environment:
Next to its security measures, the factory is will equipped and furnished with enough firefighting equipment, fire alarms systems and trained personnel for facilitating emergency
evacuation. All of which contribute to minimizing the fire- risks. The factory environment,
with excellent lighting and ventilation, is one of the very best of its kind in Bangladesh.
Their almost factories are fully compliance with all safety and human rights requirements;
these facilities are approved for the production for H & M, KIABI, LINDEX. Any type of
rules and regulations must be followed by an ideal factory. These include

Time of Work

Environment of Work Place

Salary & Wages

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Facilities ( Dining, Child care,

Toilet )

ETP plant

2.14 Securities and Facilities:

They have got a full time Doctor and Nurse for the workers. They provide pure drinking
water to the workers. Large Dining Room & Prayer room has been provided for them. They
take care of their workers and workplace on priority basis.

Evacuation Plan
Fire Extinguisher
Lunch Break Alarm
Fire Hose Reel
Fire Alarm Horn
P.A. System
Wide Stair
Ventilation
Smoke Detector
First aid & other necessary medical assistance are provided to the workers free of
cost.

2.15 Departments of APS Apparels Limited:

If the jobs are not organized considering their interrelationship and are not allocated among
the departments, it would be very difficult to control the system effectively. If the
departmentalization is not done according to specialization, there would be haphazard
situation and the performance of a particular department would not be measured effectively.
Departments are as follows:
1. Human Resource Department
2. Financial Administration Department
3. Operations Department
4. Merchandising & Marketing Department
5. Information Technology Department
6. Product Development

Merchandising:

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This department is a key for every garment in the industries. APS Apparels Ltd has a strong

intelligent and experienced merchandising and marketing department. They build a good
relation with the buyer. The properly follow up the buyer order. Their team has the ability to
handle any problem.
Financial Administration Department:
APS Apparels Ltd has many bank accounts through this they do all the transaction. They have
a brilliant finance department. It includes also the accounts and commercial department. This
department responsibility is to maintain daily cash flow, capital risk management, inventory
control, capital planning.
Human resource management:
APS Apparels Ltd has an experienced HRM department. The entry level of job is done by the
HR department. The technical and high level job candidate select by the director. The
contribution of HRD

Helping the organization to search its goal.

Employing the skills and the activities of the workforce efficiently.

Providing the organization with well trained and well-motivated employee.

Increasing to the fullest the employees job satisfaction.

Developing and maintaining quality of work life

Communication

Helping to other department and function

Production process function and QC function:

APS Apparels Ltd has huge production unit to complete an order. It include of knitting;
sewing; finishing & packing facilities, effluent treatment & electricity generation plant.

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Others:
Transportation:
At the beginning of the garments it uses the rental vehicle for the purpose of transportation.
Now the garments use its own transportation facilities for the export the finish products and
import of the raw materials form aboard and other various purposes.
Technology & production:

Use friendly technology.

Machinery & equipment acquired.

Adequate Employment, training & human resource development executed.

Financial systems & controls:

Proper budget allotment.

For the buyer do the periodical Internal & Annual External Audit.

Use computer or MIS for the storage of documentation.

Laboratory:
Before inspection fabric lab report is require for this reason they have to do the SGS test.
Usually, they use an SGS who has operations in Bangladesh, and these labs are approved by
the Triton Textile Ltd.

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Chapter 3 Concept of Efficient

Merchandising and Buyer
Dealing Process

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3.1 Evaluation of Merchandiser in Garment:

The concept of term Merchandising can be traced dated back from the early historic
period when the emergence of the trade between the countries. There are numerous notes
about the existence and evolution of trade between the bigger civilizations in those periods
like Greek, Roman, Indian, Chinese, and Egypt .But during those days the meaning of the
term merchandising confined merely to exchange of materials or commodities which were
availed from nature or produced from nature and they were not manufactured for specific
purpose or specific customers. There was exchange of materials which fulfills the basic needs
of living like commodities, live stocks, textiles and luxurious items like gold diamonds,
precious stones etcEarlier days the production of goods was home based and family
oriented which were not mass produced. In the industrial period, home production was
replaced by factory system and hand operations were replaced by machines. Mass production
ware followed by large-scale consumption.
The term Merchandising got its significance after the industrial revolution that emerged
during the 20th century after World War 2 and particularly during the period when there was
a dramatic shift from Custom Made Tailoring to Ready Made Garments. During this period
there was great demand for product development. Merchandising evolved as a bridge
between the design and sales to fill the needs. It got its further momentum when the market
concept which give more importance to the customer needs emerged in the industry.
The period between 1960 and the early 2000 saw dramatic changes in the structure, focus and
content of apparel companies particularly in U.S. During 1970s there was a remarkable
growth surge to the apparel industry which continued through the 1980 and 1990. United
States played a major role in the evaluation of merchandising in apparel industry.
3.2 Merchandising:
Merchandising is the business art of matching goods to the needs and preferences of
customers to ensure shelf off take". In other word merchandising is the marketing activity
responsible for ensuring a products desirability, both in qualitative and quantitative.
Merchandising word is originated from Merchant or Shopkeeper. The duty of the
shopkeeper is to arrange right products with right price before a consumer decides to buy or
knows about the product from promotion or media. If a merchant fails to supply goods on

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time or fails to supply the right packaging, customer will go to other shops and buy the
products from competitors, who keep the desire product in stock.
Merchandising is a process or function for what to buy and how to buy for sale.
3.3 Definition of merchandiser:
Merchandiser is the person who gets converted inspiration into design, use technology to
conceptualize and address the planning, production promotion and distribution of products to
meet the customers need and demand. In the other hand it can be said that merchandiser is the
person who act like a buyer to the supplier and also act like a supplier to the buyer to achieve
his/her organizational goals.
The main role of a garments merchandiser is to collect garments export order (export L/C),
produce the garments, export the garments and earn profit, to perform those functions
successfully needs lot of knowledge, experience & tremendous effort for a merchandiser.
3.4 Objects of Merchandising:
Merchandising denotes all the planned activities to execute and dispatch the merchandise on
time, taking into consideration of the 4 Rs to replenish the customer.

Right Quantity: To dispatch right quantity of product what buyer ordered?

Right Quality: It should be with right quality as accepted both parties.

Right Cost: Everybody wants more from what they are paid.

Right Time: No one wants to wait idle even in a Restaurant. Keeping delivery
schedule is mandatory.

3.5 Types of Merchandising:

Figure 03: Types of merchandising

Marketing Merchandising: Main function of market merchandising is

1. Product Development
2. Costing Ordering
MM
e
r
c
h M
a
n
d
s
n
g

P
r

e u
n

r a
k

m
e r

n
g

i
r

h
i

c
g

h c
na
d i

a
nd
g
.

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3. Marketing merchandising is to bring orders costly products development and it has

direct contact with the buyer.
Product Merchandising: Product merchandising is done in the unit. This includes all the
responsibilities from sourcing to finishing i.e. first sample onwards, the products
merchandising work start and ends till shipment.
3.6 Responsibilities of a Merchandiser:

A merchandiser is responsible for the following tasks but not limited to these only.
Marketing Order sourcing/supplies
Costing and Negotiation
Calculating Yarn/Fabric consumption
Sample development and control whole sampling process
Fabric and accessories sourcing and tracking
Factory production scheduling and production tracking

3.7 Professional qualities of a Merchandiser:

Following are key skill sets, a merchandiser need to acquire to execute his/her responsibilities
successfully.

Should have computer skill and good communication skills written and verbal
Good knowledge in mathematics
Always be Courageous and Active
Knowledge of different fabrics
Knowledge on Garment production
Knowledge on banking, commercial, shipping etc.

3.8 Role of merchandiser in Customer Satisfaction:

Track customer satisfaction level on regular basis through structured formats
Identify the gaps in customer satisfaction by analysing the customer complaints or
routine communication.
Customer feedback in the final inspection report by the customer.
Acquire knowledge on problem solving techniques
Identify factors that will delight the customer.

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3.9 APS Apparels Ltd Merchandising and Buyer Dealing Process:

Sr. Merchandising Manager

Asst. Merchandiser

Production Plan

Sr. Merchandiser

Divisional Mer.
Manager

Sr. Merchandiser

Sr. Merchandiser

Merchandiser

Merchandiser

Jr. Merchandiser

Figure 04: APS Apparel Ltd Merchandising Department.

3.9.1 Description of Buyer Order Dealing Procedure:
1. Space Availability:
Space availability or time agreement is the availability of production floor for the production
of garments.
2. Costing:
Costing means the way of calculating the cost of production of garments. Costing include all
the direct and indirect cost. Costing is done considering

Fabric price
Accessories price
C&M Cost
Way of Costing:
Costing can be done byOriginal Sample

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3. Order Confirmation:

Specification

The buying sample sent for the approval. If it is approved then the order is confirmed .Order
confirmation is issued by the buyer to the manufacturer which contains Tech-pack.
4. Purchase Order:
After the order confirmed, the PO has made. PO or purchase order is issued by the buyer to
the manufacturer.
5. Master L/C:
L/C or Letter of Credit is a confirmation which is prepared by the buyer (bank of buyer) and
issued to the manufacturer. It has financial value. When a L/C is opened to import goods
directly from the exporter is called master L/C. It is issued by the buyer (bank of buyer) to the
manufacturer. Master L/C include

Types of L/C.
Issue date.
Expiry date.
Issuing bank details.
Advising bank details.
Seller name and address.
Total amount.
Currency of payment.
Tolerance (2-5% plus or minus)
Port of loading.
Description of goods.
Shipping terms (FOB/ C&F)
List of documents required.

6. T & A Calendar Making:

Arrival of all types of fabric/ Time and Action (TNA) calendar is one of the most important
tools for managing a project. In garment manufacturing each order is not less than a project to
a merchant. T & A or Time and Action calendar is made by the manufacturer to complete
the production within a specific period of time.

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7. Fabric & Accessories Booking:

After making of T & A calendar, fabric & accessories booking is necessary. Without fabric,
all materials used in garments are called Accessories or Trimmings. Accessories
includes

Sewing Thread
Button
Interlining
Zipper
Label
Tissue Paper
Ball head pin
Hager
Carton
Rib
Silica Gee Bag
Plastic Clip so on.

8. Back to Back L/C:

The Back to Back Letter of Credit (sometimes referred to as the Baby or Slave Letter of
Credit) is issued on the strength of the Master Letter of Credit (Master LC). BTB means Back
to back L/C. It is opened against the master L/C. Back to Back L/ C are prepared by the
manufacturer to collect raw materials from the suppliers. It has 70-80% financial value of
Master L/C.
9. Sampling:
Sample is the small quantity which represents the bulk. The process of collecting or making
sample is called Sampling.
10. Fabric & Trims in House:
Trims as per invoice from supplier, MCD (Material Control Department) personnel submit
receiving Status to QC to make Inspection Plan and log in Fabric/Trims receiving Book. Here
confirms all fabrics and accessories in their hand.
11. Innovatory Checking & Report Making:
QC department check the inventory with the merchandiser. The term innovatory checking is
applied for checking the quality & quantity of fabrics and accessories in house. After
checking a report is made with the test data.

70

12. PP Meeting:
Once pre-production (PP) sample is approved (also called sealer sample) and most of the
trims are sourced, merchants or production planning department conduct pre-production
meeting with production team, quality team and sourcing team. This meeting is held just
before going to the bulk production. This meeting is conducted by following persons

Buying House QC
Factory QC
Buying House Merchandiser
Factory Merchandiser

13. Pattern and Marker Making of Bulk Production:

Pattern is a hard paper which is made by following each individual component for a style of
garments. Marker is a thin paper which contains all components of different sizes for a
particular style of garments.
14. Trial Cutting:
It is mandatory to check the efficiency of the garments production .For the buyer satisfaction
little amount of fabrics is cut for checking the efficiency and production cost of the garments.
15. Bulk Cutting:
According to the sample the fabrics are cut in to pieces. Here total fabrics required for bulk
production are cut.
16. Numbering Bundling & Sorting:
After cutting of it is time for fabrics numbering, Bundling and sorting process are done. Then
cut pieces are sent to the sewing section.
17. Production Line Set-up:
Production line set-up is the arrangement of sewing machines where the input of the first
machine is cutting part of the fabrics and the output of the last machine is complete garments.

70

18. Sewing:
After cutting the sewing department follows the sample for sewing. Cutting pieces are
attached by sewing to make the complete garments. Different types of sewing machines are
used in production line.
19. Finishing:
It is almost the last stage of production. Finishing includes- ironing, accessories attaching,
label attaching, ironing etc.
20. Pre-Final Inspection:
It is done to the final inspection merchandiser or QC or both can do pre-final Inspections.
After pre-final inspection if garment are passed. It will send to final Inspection. After final
inspection only, the decision of passing or rejecting is made. This type of inspection is done
by factory QC. It may be at the end of the production line or in the lab.
21. Final Random Inspection:
It is random inspection done according to the customers individual requirements. Standard
after the shipment have been completed, packed and ready to ship. Color appearance,
workmanship,

style

etc

will

be checked

against

the

customers specification.

a) Internal Quality Controller

b) Quality represented by buying Agencies
c) Third Party Inspection
22. Truck loading & transport to the port:
Cargo Company takes the vessel to the port by truck or other.
23. Hand over the goods to the logistic firms:
In this step commercial manager helps the merchandiser to maintain liaison with shipping
lines. The supplier performs all the functions of shipment. They handover it to the logistic
firm at port and after loading to the ship get the bill of Lading.

70

3.9.2 Efficient Merchandising Process:

Merchandising department is responsible for the following activities:
3.9.2.1 Identify the Needy buyers:
The task of this department started with the searches of buyers, who want to import garment
products from our country, to get the order of the garment product manufacturing.
3.9.2.2 Sending E-mail:
After finding suitable buyers this department issues an introducing letter to the respective
buyers which describes merchandising department's total years of experience, its parameter
of total activities, efficiency and effectiveness and relationship with existing buyers. When
the appropriate buyer is found, then they sent mail to the buyer to collect the buyer attraction.
3.9.2.3 Getting response and Sending Sample for approval:
When the merchandiser gets the immediate response from the buyer about the mail, they
must understand the buyer requirement. The main responsibility of the merchandiser is to
send a high quality sample to the buyer according to the buyer requirement.
3.9.2.4 Cost of Making:
CM is another important activity that stands for Cost of Making. Merchandiser makes a cost
sheet to see if the product is feasible or not in terms of cost and revenue. Merchandiser has to
calculate the cost of products including all wastes and accessories to tell the final cost of the
product to his customers. Here the merchandiser of this dept. determines what are the things
are required to make a unit or dozen of an order. Then he makes calculation' of per unit cost
on the basis of accessories consumption, fabric consumption, labor cost and other relevant
costs. It is done by the Merchandisers.

Buyer

Dept,

Style#

KIABI
KIABI
KIABI
KIABI

Children
Children
Children
Children

SLCS!$HDEBF
SLCS14HMACF
SLCS14HMARC
SLCS14HMEG1

KIABI

Children

SLCS14HDEBA

Costing
Fabrication
100% Cotton S/J 160 gsm
Y/D Polyester 160 gsmFluo color
100% Cotton 1x1 rib 190 gsm
85% cotton 15% polyester S/J 160 gsm
(AOP)
100% Cotton 1x1 rib 190 gsm

$
price/pcs
2.1
2.4
1.75
2.00
1.6

70

Some important terms in costing

Sl.
A

Accessory/Trims
Items
MAIN LBL

SIZE LBL
CARE LBL
HANG TAG/PRX
TKT
E
POLY BAG
F
CARTON
G
THREAD
H
Snap button
I
Metal button
J
Ctntwil tape
K
Packing
L
Knot satin
Security tag
M
Others
Total trims cost
print
Twill

0.40

B
C
D

CM
Test
others

total cost
0.08
0.07
0.50
0.30
0.30
0.60
-

0.05
0.30
0.30
usd

$ 2.90
$ .00
$ .00
$ 7.00
$ .30
$ .30

70

Figure 05: Order dealing process

70

3.9.2.5 Price negotiation:

When this department has the clear idea about the cost involved in the desired transaction
they start price negotiation to determine a final price that the buyer agrees to pay. In
negotiation the merchandiser must follow the win and win strategy. In negotiation, the
merchandiser negotiates with the buyer and supplier.
3.9.2.6 Receive L/C document from buyer:
After pricing negotiation finally gets the order from buyer it receives an LC also. Both the
parties must be open a LC where various terms and conditions must be issued like name of
buyer, country name, negotiable buyer bank, payment system, production system, delivery
period, quantity, name of the port address, details about shipping etc.
3.9.2.7 Transfer Master L/C on the name of selected suppler:
After receiving the LC the merchandiser open a LC on his own garments. Once the
garments is confirmed that the supplier has the ability to do the work properly then they
negotiate the price. When the price is set with the suppler the commercial department
immediately transfers the master LC in the name of supplier.
3.9.2.8 Tech Pack Receive from the Buyer:
The tech-pack is communicated with factory merchandiser, once a style is frozen by buyer,
the factory must be able to go ahead with the manufacturing process without having to refer
back to the buyer for any aspect of production. The merchandisers are thus able to go ahead
and ensure that the required material as per the tech-pack is available with to the factory, in
the right quantities at the right time. Once a tech Pack is received by the factory
merchandiser, it analysis the Tech Pack in terms of:

Product Class

Size Ranges

Season

Fabrication

70

Styling

Flat Sketch

Construction details

Colors combos

Trim Details

Graphic Details

Graphic placement details

Measurement Spec Sheet

Measurement chart

70

70

3.9.2.9 Materials Receiving Status:

Arrival of all types of fabric/ Trims as per invoice from supplier, MCD (Material Control
Department) personnel submit receiving Status to QC to make Inspection Plan and log in
Fabric/Trims receiving Book. If there are no specific requirements, QC will finish primary
inspection within 7 working days after arrival of fabric.
3.9.2.10 Swatch:
Swatch is a presentation of all the materials is (Fabric & Accessories) used for any specific
style /order. Usually small piece of fabric and each piece of accessories are attached in board
paper in a systematic manner. Swatch is very important for production line to make the
correct construction of a garment and QC department ensures it. Concerned merchandiser
should confirm/approve the swatch.
3.9.2.11 Lab Test Fabric/ Trims:
Need to Send Fabric/Trims swatches from specific consignment to factories or nominated
Lab for various types of tests based on Fabric/ Trims criteria by using Lab submitting
Format. Lab-dips are developed in order to get conformation that the color standard given by
buyer is producible in production. Another important thing is, lab-dip is done to provide the
visual aid on how color will look when it is dyed on approved fabric. Lab-dip must be match
with given standard. Merchandiser uses lab-dip as communication tool in order to get
approval from buyer to proceed for bulk production of fabric.

70

Compulseur tests for the Fabriques :

Fabric composition
Dimensional stability
Color fastness
Color fastness to rubbing
Pilling tests
Accessories resistance
Seams resistance
Seams slippage
Aspect after 3 washes and tumble dry
Prohibited chemicals (Phthalates, Pentachlorophenol, Formaldehyde, Azo dye
stuff, Heavy metals)

Care instructions for essential :

100% COTTON :
100% COTTON FOR JERSEY LIGHT 130GSM AND LESS
95% COTTON 5% ELASTHANE
3.9.2.12 Time and Action Plan:
Merchandisers prepare a plan of the order in a spreadsheet by listing down the key processes
in first column and planned date of action for each process in the next column. This planning
sheet is popularly known as time and action calendar (TNA). Once TNA calendar is made,
then it can be easy for merchandiser list down their daily 'to do list' and taking it one by one.
As per TNA schedule processes can be executed on timely basis to track whether an order is
on track or it will get delayed.
In order to make TNA below mentioned information must be available
Process flow of an order with the list of task which needs to be performed
Production capacity of cutting, sewing, washing and finishing
For sewing - batch wise and product wise capacity (production per day per
batch)
Lead time of activities, e.g. raw material lead time, sampling lead time, etc.
Shipment date or planned ex-factory date
Product and Production status
Buy Style
P
Price
er
Name
O

Fabric Produ
recept ction
ion/In start
-house

%
in
Pr
og

Pa
cki
ng

Fina
l
Insp
ectio

tr Shipment
an date
sp
ort

Actual
shipme
nt date

Exte
nd
DD

70

res
s
Nat
alie

VDCS1 19
4PCO
33
RU
16

$1.89

10Nov14

15Nov14

20
%

35

M
od
e
25 Se
Nov- a
14

31-Dec-14

Yarn, Fabric & accessories booking:

Fabric & accessories are booked according to T & A calendar. It is done by merchandiser.
Fabrics are booked according to the sample program. Accessories booking include:

HERRINGBONE TAPE
CARE LABEL
SEWING THREAD
INTERLINING
FILAMENT THREAD

ITEM DETAIL: COMFORT FIT

STYLE

EDMS15GRUGB

PO

ITEM

COLOR

SIZE

529843,
529836

HEAT
TRANSFER
SIZE
STICKER (as
SWATCH)

EVENING
BLEU
19-3815 TCX

3XL
4XL
5XL
6XL

TOTAL

QTY
13,260
Pecs
12,600
Pecs
5,916 Pecs
5,232 Pecs
37,008
Pecs

DOZEN
1105
1050
493
436
3084

Yarn Booking:
Yarn booking form:
Yarn requisition
Buyer
Requisition
Ref:07/2013
Style no. Fabric

MLMS14R1X
UC

Date

Garm
ents
qty

Yarn
coun
t

Costin
g
Consu
mption
/Dz

100%C 11000
otton
pcs
Rib1x1

24/s

5.00
kGS

Actua
l
Consu
mptio
n Kg /
dz
5.00
kGS

02.09.2013

Reqdqt
y(Othe
r's
colour)

ForWhit
e
Fabri
c

SHIP unit
DATE price

Total
Price

3,542
Kgs

1,04
2
Kgs

14Jan

$33,550

$3.0
5

70

MLMS1
4R1XC
V

-240
gsm
100%C 30100
otton
pcs
Rib1x1
-240
gsm

24/s

4.95
kGS

4.95
kGS

9,940
Kgs

2,47
5
Kgs

14Jan

$3.2
4

$97,524

Fabric consumption system:

Clear concept on correct fabric consumption and costing is a primary requisite for a
merchandiser as fabric cost bears the 40% to 45% of the total cost of any garments.
Calculation the fabric consumption of the following:

Rules:
{(B/length + S/length + Sewing Allowance) X (1/2
Chest + Sewing Allowance)} X 2 X
GSM/10000000+WASTAGE
= {(73 + 19.5 + 10) X (52 + 4)} X 2 X 160 / 10000000 + 10%
= (102.5 X 56) X 2 X 160 / 10000000 + 10%
= 5740 X 2 X 160 /10000000 +10%
= 1836800 / 10000000 + 10%
= 0.18368 + 10 %
= 0.18368+.018368
= .202048 kg.

70

3.9.2.13 sampling procedure:

Sampling procedure given below-

P
F
S
A
S
P
r
P
i
P
a
G
p
S
i
P
o
r
t
h
l
a
p
h
z
t
o
S
o
e
r
i
e
S
o
d
a
t
s
m
o
p
S
a
u
m
o
m
e
v
m
e
m
S
c
p
s
a
n
a
e
t
p
a
t
l
a
n
t
l
n
S
l
m
o
e
m
S
T
s
t
a
e
p
n
p
a
e
a
S
m
l
S
l
m
s
m
a
p
e
a
e
p
S
p
m
l
m
s
l
a
l
p
e
p
e
m
e
l
l
s
p
e
e
e
s

i
s

Proto Sample:
This is the first sample given to the buyer. The sample is prepared according to requirement
of buyer and this is the rough sample. The first physical version of sample garment in product
development stage prepared as per the artwork.

70

This type of sample is made by the manufacturer by available fabric and accessories. This
sample is made before or after order confirmation.
Human Mind Sketch Paper Pattern Sample
Here buyer checks whether the factory can make the garments.
Fit Sample:
This type of sample is made by the manufacturer by available fabric and accessories. This
sample is made after order confirmation.
Here buyer checks the fitness or measurement of the garments.
Salesman Samples:
The samples are prepared with actual color and yarn/fabric to be worn by the models on the
event of photo shoot for catalog. Buyer makes comments on fitting requirements and
problems in the measurements with the photo attachments. Buyer also held meeting/meetings
with his/her customer(s)/retailer(s) for their feedback. Color wise order quantity, size etc. are
confirmed to place order. Actual material and color are mandatory for this sample. If buyer
collects sample garments of specific design for specific season which are displayed in the
retail shop to justify the demand of these samples, then these are called Salesman Sample.
Counter Sample :
It is submitted maximum 2 weeks after receiving the file
It is made in correct fabric quality / weight
If the style has a print, one combo is submitted for print quality approval (no
phthalate)
Measurements / styling and print are checked by Triton and supplier QA
If the look is ok and measurements respected then the c/s can be directly ok
look and ok fitting.
Suppliers are invited in auctions only if counter sample is accepted by CM
Approval sample:

70

Sometimes it is required to make approval samples when first technical spec is revised. It is
made to ensure that buyers requirement is conformed and to avoid any confusion/dispute at
the time of final production.
Size Set Sample:
Size set samples are made to ensure measurement of each size. Usually size set samples is
made covering all color combos.
This type of sample is made in all sizes. These samples are sent to the buyer. These samples
are made in all sizes.
This sample is used for PP meeting.
PP Sample:
The factory makes pre-production (PP) samples with the actual material when bulk fabric and
accessories are in house for production. The samples are prepared to ensure buyer that the
bulk materials are in house for production. This type of sample is made by the manufacturer
by actual fabric and accessories. This sample is made after order confirmation. This sample
must be approved by the buyer before production.
Bulk production is done following PP sample.
Production Sample:
These samples are collected from the production floor while bulk production is running.
These are sent to the buyer.
Here buyer compares Production Sample with the PP Sample.
Photo samples:
There is another category of samples called photo samples. This sample is photograph for
making brochures, catalogs, etc. for distribution to stores and for end-users
Garments Test Sample:
These samples are collected from the production floor while bulk production is running.
These are sent to the testing house.

70

Here Testing House tests different aspects of the garments and sends test report to the
buyer. Testing Houses may be local or international. They test the garments and send the test
report to the buyer to inform the quality of product producing by the manufacturer.

70

Shipment Samples:
The samples that reflect the final shipment are shipment samples. The samples ensure that
goods have been shipped as per the samples. These samples are not so mandatory. These are
sent to the buyer after the shipment of the products.
Here buyer compares the production sample with the shipment sample.
3.9.2.14 Taking Measures for Consistent Production:
It is the duty of the merchandiser to monitor the merchandising activities in accordance with
the production scheduling. He is accountable for the execution of each and every process (or)
an operation within the targeted time. He has to take the necessary step for the consistent
production by tacking the problems in merchandising:

Quality of yarn

Replacing good quality yarn

Consistent arrangement for fabric

Timely arrangements for the timely supply of accessories

70

70

3.9.2.15 Shortage Problem and Preventive Actions:

The merchandisers of APS Apparels ltd always look after the shortages of any material that is
yarn, fabric, accessories etc. right at the initial stages. After identifying the shortages steps are
to be taken for the arrangement of required materials on time. In case of shortages also we
have to follow the quality control and quality assurance procedure without fail. Quality of the
material should not be compromised. Detection of defects is not only the duty of
merchandiser. He has to take preventive actions to eliminate deviations in all the stages of
merchandising.

3.9.2.16 Buyer Communication:

The merchandiser has to go through the faxes coming from buyers and he has to send reply
on time. Sometimes he has to furnish the production status of a particular order to the
concerned buyer on time. The below mentioned are some of the duties of buyer
communication:

Sample execution

Amendments

Comments on the send samples

70

Sample order sheet

Buyer visit

Production status

Sending sample, swatches, Accessories regarding the approvals.

3.9.2.17 Communication with other:

The merchandiser has to interact with in-house units, sub-contractors, vendors and job
workers of various processing. Through proper interaction only we make arrangements for
the timely supply of the required materials to the concerned persons. He has to know the
production status from various units which will be helpful in proper follow and proper
importing.
3.9.2.18 Record Maintenance:
The merchandiser has to maintain quality records pertaining to various buyer orders. Proper
filing should he done, who can utilize the services of subordinates in record maintenance. The
merchandiser of APS Apparels Ltd maintains the following records:
Sample details
Sample Inspection Reports
Testing Reports
Evidence of approvals
Proper filing (Buyer wise, order wise)
Pattern Approval sheet/size set approval sheet (copy)
Inspection report from buying office, buying agents and inspection agencies
Test reports from inspection agencies and labs
Production status reports

70

 Production status reports related to meetings

Pre-final inspection reports
Final inspection reports
3.9.2.19 Role of Merchandiser in ensuring Quality:
Merchandiser deal with the buyer, so they play a vital role in quality control

Provide correct and clear information on time to relevant departments.

Ensure fabric quality.
Ensure production friendly samples.
On time sealer sample availability.
Make sure to get the sources of accessories and fabrics at as early as sampling stage of

the style.
Ensure timely trims arrival.
Ensure right first time submissions to buyer to save time, money and reputation.
Merchant should regularly visit production floor in order to locate if any defect is left
unnoticed.

70

Chapter 4 Actual Task Part

70

4.1 Internship Position and Duties:

According to the requirements of course fulfillment I joined APS Apparels Ltd., at Faidabad
Factory Unit as an internee on the date of 8 September 2014. I have worked for eight week
with different section under the supervision of professionals under different department.
I worked in the Merchandising department under the supervision of Shakhawat Babu
(Merchandiser) and Md.Mafizur Rahman Bhutto, they were very supportive in nature and he
helped me a lot to learn. I found myself as a regular employee. Thats why I had to serve from
9.00am to 6:00pm. Sometime I worked there till 9.00 pm. I worked there as responsible and
punctual person. I worked on the following departments:

Merchandising Department.
Sewing Department.
Cutting Department.
Store Department.
Sample and Pattern Department.
Cad Department.
Production Department (Some production line).
Quality Control Department.
Dying unite.

Use Official Machine:

My supervisor allowed me to use all the office accessories. They gave me a separate desk and
laptop to work. I was permitted to use the internet.
Mail Checking:
The first worked in my daily activities is to check the mail. I checked the buyers e-mail and
others mail came from inside or outside of the garments. I have knowledge about how to send
and to check e-mail but during my internship time I acquired knowledge about the buyer
mail.

70

Documents Preparation:
I had to complete several tusks under the guideline of the Asst. manager, merchandiser, and
junior merchandiser. During my working hour I had to prepare several documents like the
swatch approval report, knit status report, activity report etc.
Lab dip and Trims Card:
I had to handle the lab dip come from the lab and supplier. I had to send it to the buying
house.

Prepare Swatch Card:

I got knowledge about the preparation of Swatch Card. After final negotiation when the
buyer makes order for sample design then I had to make swatch card with the merchandiser. I
had to put single piece of accessories to make the Swatch Card.
Observe Sample Design:
I worked 10 days in the sample department. At the time of internship I have observe the
sample design and try to understand sample requirement. I learn about the pattern design. I
also learnt about the buyers comments about the sample. Their comments about the fabrics,

70

embroideries color etc. Sample design is the most important work of merchandiser. During
the sample design measurement must be accurate. I made the sample program:

Quality Control Process:

When the bulk production was going on, I used to go to the production line. I was regularly
checked the quality of the production match with the buyer requirement (using the sample).
Store Management Function:
At the time of my internship sometimes I had to go storekeeper .I went there to adjust
inventory. I have gather knowledge about inventory management.
PO and Purchase Requirement:
I got knowledge about the purchase order. After the sample approval they have place the PO.I
also learnt about the purchase requisition. If there any shortage of fabrics or accessories
during the bulk, then I with the help of asst. merchandiser place the purchase requisition for
running the bulk.
BUYER:
STYLE:
PO:
QTY:

KIABI MEN'S
MLMS14GSPOR
561377, 540318
7000 pHs

NOTE- PER CONE

4000 MTR

ITEM DETAIL: SEWING THREAD

70

THREAD

CATEGO
RY

COMBO

COLOR

REQUIRED QTY
(CONE)

SEWING
THREAD

70 D

BLEU
LIMO

BLEU LIMO

250

ROUGE
VIF

ROUGE VIF

250

TOTAL

500

4.2 Worked with KIABI Buyer Order:

I was working under KIABI buyer team. I collected the KIABI garments status report which
are included by Understand the buyer comments on sample.

Buyer comments about the fabrics print.

Fabric inspection report from buyer.

Approvals

Details

Submi
Kirbys
Approvals
Pantone numbers ssion
answer
required
N
OK/NO

Kidobis comments

70

Lab dip for

approval

100%
Cotton,
Slub
jersey140
GSM

11-0602 TCX

1ST

Shade is
closer

Ok

Production report from Production people.

Daily defect report in bulk

Packed list report from finishing people.

70

4.3 Learning Points:

Many things I have learned from this organization during my internship time. When I was
start there I had no knowledge about it now I have. I get pleasure from everything because it
was my first working experience. These are given below:
1. Different activities in merchandising process.
2. Buyer dealing process.
3. The organizational behavior and code of conduct.
4. To complete the work instruct the subordinate.
5. The fabrics management process.
6. Handel a problem when it conquers.
7. The production process.
8. Learn about garments oriented raw materials and merchandise.
9. How to deal with sub- contract.

70

70

Chapter 5 Research Part

70

5.1Define the Research Problem/ Topic:

After working in the merchandising department I observe all the work of merchandisers when
they deal with the buyer.
From my observation I state the problem statement asDoes buyer satisfaction come from well-organized merchandising practice?
5.2Project Timeline and Budget:
Time Plan
This study will require 55days. The following table shows the time requirement in each step
of the study.

SN
1.

Affair
Questionnaire preparation

Time
5 days

Data collection

15 days

Data processing

10 days

Data analysis

10 days

Report witting

15 days

Total duration

55 days

To formulate this project I used to spend total 30 days in my Internship period.

SN

Description

Amount

Transportation Cost

2100 BDT

Cell Communication Cost

1,000 BDT

Internet Bill

900 BDT

Printing and Binding Cost

1,000 BDT

Refreshment Cost

1,000 BDT

Others Expenditure

2, 000 BDT

Total

8,000 BDT

70

5.3 Research Methodology:

Research design is descriptive in nature. Preference of people is analyzed and quantified to
know the factors responsible for their preference. The study has been conducted among 25
buyers. Both primary data and secondary information have been used.
Primary data:
Primary data have been collected by questionnaire survey.
Secondary Data:
It refers to data which have been collected and analyzed by someone else. It consists of
internet and books etc. The data collected for this report has been taken from the secondary
source.
Sources of secondary data are:Relevant papers.
Many websites.
Published of different products.
Manual from the merchandising and others department.
Population:
The person who has provided me the proper information is the buyer of the garments. They
are my actual population.
Sample Elements:
The all units which are used to take samples are sample elements. So population is the sample
elements.
Sample Frame:
The sample frame of this study designed with the buyers of APS Apparels Ltd.
Sample Size:
Actual number of respondent I selected form the sampling unit are my sample size. I have
selected 25 respondents as may sample.

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Sampling Technique:
Sampling technique is the most important work in the report. According to the test one has to
select the sampling technique.
I have Used Probability Sampling in my research because I do not want to do any
kind of compromise in my research.
Simple random sampling used in my report.
This is the price effective and quick method of collecting sample.
Data Collection:
I made a questioner to conduct survey. When I do the survey I will go to the garments buying
house to collect the data. I had to be careful about the length of the questioner. I made seven
questions to get the data about the hypotheses. If there are many questions then the buyer
may lose the interest of giving the whole answer of the form.
As instrument, I used1. A Structured Survey Questionnaire
Survey Questionnaire
I have develop questioner form by using 5- points Likert scale.
5.4 Data Analysis:
Data analysis will be made based on the respondents answers. Every single question will be
analyzed with different calculations, for the optimum results. Pie diagram, will be provided in
this section. I used MS Excel for the calculation.

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5.5 Hypothesis Development:

H1: APS Apparels Ltd exercise effectual Merchandising Management process.
H2: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd take necessary steps to satisfy buyer demand.
H3: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to understand the buyer order.
H4: Better communication develops long term relationship between the merchandisers and
buyers.
H5: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has good collaboration with all departments to keep
run the buyer order smoothly.
H6: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd have the ability to trace the buyer production and
fulfill order on time.
H7: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has knowledge about buyer follow up system.

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5.6 Hypothesis Testing:

Scale

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H7

1.Strongly Disagree

2.Disagree

3.Neither Agree nor Disagree

4.Agree

5.Stromgly Agree

12

10

11

10

12

Total

92

93

101

94

96

95

103

Avg.

3.68

3.72

4.04

3.76

3.84

3.80

4.12

SD

1.31

1.28

1.21

1.25

1.40

1.38

1.13

T-Test

4.54

4.70

6.42

5.04

4.80

4.64

7.04

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1. H0: APS Apparels Ltd does not exercise effectual Merchandising Management
process.
HA: APS Apparels Ltd exercise effectual Merchandising Management process.
HO: = 2.5
HA: 2.5
n = 25
Here X = 3.68
S = 1.31
tcal= ( X )/ (s/n) = 4.54
df=n-1
=25-1
=24
The critical value of t with df 24 at = 0.01 level of significance is
t-tab, 24 = 2.797 (for two tailed test)
Since tcal>t-tab so, the null hypothesis is not accepted. So at 1% level of significance, it can
be said that APS Apparels Ltd exercise effectual Merchandising Management process.

8%
36%

12%
20%

24%

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree
Agree
Strongly agree

Fig 6: Respondents view APS Apparels Ltd exercise effectual Merchandising Management process.

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2 H0: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd does not take necessary steps to satisfy buyer
demand.
HA: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd takes necessary steps to satisfy buyer demand.

Here

HO: = 2.5
HA: 2.5
n = 25
X = 3.72
S = 1.28
tcal= ( X )/ (s/n) = 4.70

, with df = n-1

The critical value of t with df 24 at = 0.01 level of significance is

t-tab, 24 = 2.797 (for two tailed test)
Since tcal>t-tab so, the null hypothesis is not accepted. So at 1% level of significance, it can be
said that Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd takes necessary steps to satisfy buyers demand.

8%
32%

12%
12%

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree

36%

Agree
Strongly agree

Fig 7: Respondents view Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd takes necessary steps to satisfy
buyers demand.

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3. H0: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to understand the buyer
order.
HA : Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to understand the buyer order.

Here

HO: = 2.5
HA: 2.5
n = 25
X = 4.04
S = 1.21
tcal= ( X )/ (s/n) = 6.42

, with df = n-1

The critical value of t with df 24 at = 0.01 level of significance is

t-tab, 24 = 2.797 (for two tailed test)
Since tcal>t-tab so, the null hypothesis is not accepted. So at 1% level of significance, it can be
said that Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to understand the buyers order.

4%
48%

12%
8%

Strongly disagree
Disagree

28%

Neither agree nor disagree

Agree
Strongly agree

Fig 8: Respondents view Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to understand
the buyers order.

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4. H0: Better communication dose not develop long term relationship between the
merchandisers and buyers.
HA: Better communication develops long term relationship between the merchandisers
and buyers.
HO: = 2.5
HA: 2.5
n = 25
Here X = 3.76
S = 1.25
tcal= ( X )/ (s/n) = 5.04

, with df = n-1

The critical value of t with df 24 at = 0.01 level of significance is

t-tab, 24 = 2.797 (for two tailed test)
Since tcal>t-tab so, the null hypothesis is not accepted. So at 1% level of significance, it can be
said that Better communication develops long term relationship between the merchandisers
and buyers.

4%

16%
Strongly disagree

40%
20%
20%

Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree
Agree
Strongly agree

Fig 9: Respondents view Better communication develops long term relationship between the
merchandisers and buyers.

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5. H0: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has not proper collaboration with all
departments to keep run the buyers order smoothly.
HA: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has proper collaboration with all
departments to keep run the buyers order smoothly.

Here

HO: = 2.5
HA: 2.5
n = 25
X = 3.84
S = 1.40
tcal= ( X )/ (s/n) = 4.80

, with df = n-1

The critical value of t with df 24 at = 0.01 level of significance is

t-tab, 24 = 2.797 (for two tailed test)
Since tcal>t-tab so, the null hypothesis is not accepted. So at 1% level of significance, it can be
said that Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has proper collaboration with all departments to
keep run the buyers order smoothly.

12%
8%
44%

8%

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree

28%

Agree
Strongly agree

Fig 10: Respondents view Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has proper collaboration with
all departments to keep run the buyers order smoothly.

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6. H0: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd have not the ability to trace the buyer
production and fulfill order on time.
HA: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd have the ability to trace the buyer
production and fulfill order on time.
HO: = 2.5
HA: 2.5
n = 25
Here X = 3.80
S = 1.38
tcal= ( X )/ (s/n) = 4.64

, with df = n-1

The critical value of t with df 24 at = 0.01 level of significance is

t-tab, 24 = 2.797 (for two tailed test)
Since tcal>t-tab so, the null hypothesis is not accepted. So at 1% level of significance, it can be
said that Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd have the ability to trace the buyer production
and fulfill order on time.

12%
8%

40%

8%

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree

32%

Agree
Strongly agree

Fig 11: Respondents view Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to trace the
buyer production and fulfill order on time.

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7. H0 Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has not knowledge about buyer follow up
system
HA: Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has knowledge about buyer follow up system.

Here

HO: = 2.5
HA: 2.5
n = 25
X = 4.12
S = 1.13
tcal= ( X )/ (s/n) = 7.04

, with df = n-1

The critical value of t with df 24 at = 0.01 level of significance is

t-tab, 24 = 2.797 (for two tailed test)
Since tcal>t-tab so, the null hypothesis is not accepted. So at 1% level of significance, it can be
said that Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has knowledge about buyer follow up system

4% 8%
8%
48%

Strongly disagree
Disagree

32%

Neither agree nor disagree

Agree
Strongly agree

Fig 12: Respondents view Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has knowledge about buyer
follow up system.

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5.7 Discuss of the Findings:

1. APS Apparels Ltd exercise effectual Merchandising Management process or not. In this
hypothesis 36% of respondents are strongly agreed, 24% are agreed, 20% respondents
are neither agreed nor disagreed and 12% respondents are disagreed and 8% respondents
are strongly disagreed. Maximum respondent views APS Apparels Ltd exercise
effectual Merchandising Management process
2. 32% of respondents are strongly agreed, 36% are agreed, 9% respondents are neither
agreed nor disagreed 6% respondents are disagreed and 2% respondents are strongly
disagreeing. Maximum respondent views Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd takes
necessary steps to satisfy buyers demand
3. Merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to understand the buyers order or
not. In this hypothesis 48% of respondents are strongly agreed , 28% are agreed, 8%
respondents are neither agreed nor disagreed , 12% respondents are disagreed and 4%
respondents are strongly disagree. The respondent views that Merchandisers of APS
4.

Apparels Ltd has the ability to understand the buyers order

Better communication develops long term relationship between the merchandisers and
buyers. In this hypothesis 40% of respondents are strongly agreed , 20% are agreed,
20% respondents are neither agreed nor disagreed , 16% respondents are disagreed and
4% respondents are strongly disagree.

5. APS Apparels Ltd has proper collaboration with all departments to keep run the buyers
order smoothly .In this hypothesis 44% of respondents are strongly agreed, 28% are
agreed, 8% respondents are neither agreed nor disagreed, 8% respondents are disagreed
and 12% respondents are strongly disagree.
6. APS Apparels Ltd has the ability to trace the buyer production and fulfill order on time.
In this hypothesis 40% of respondents are strongly agreed, 32% are agreed, 8%
respondents are neither agreed nor disagreed, 8% respondents are disagreed and 12%
respondents are strongly disagree.
7. In this hypothesis 48% of respondents are strongly agreed, 32% are agreed, 8%
respondents are neither agreed nor disagreed, 8% respondents are disagreed and 4%
respondents are strongly disagree. Maximum respondent views APS Apparels Ltd has
knowledge about buyer follow up system

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5.8 Recommendations:
APS group is now a giant group. APS Apparels Ltd is the most profitable unit of this group.
So, it is very tough to recommend on any aspect of the garments. After conducting the
research, I would like to recommend on the following areas thats should be help the
garments to achieve the buyer satisfaction easily. Those are given below
APS Apparels Ltd exercise effectual Merchandising Management process but they
have to upgrade their skill with the technology to increase more efficiency and buyers.
The merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd always need to make the garment / sample
according to the tech pack to increase the buyer satisfaction. If there any problem they
have to take the necessary step to solve the problem.
The merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd have the ability to understand buyer order
but if they need to communicate with the buyer in case of vague information.
Batter communication with the buyer is the main things to survive in the competitive
market. So the merchandisers need to communicate with the buyer after the shipment
to build a long term relationship.
It is necessary to build a sound relation with the entire department to make the buyer
order on time. By the departmental status report they can increase more production.
They have the ability to trace the buyer order but it is also necessary to send the
sample on time by sample status sheet they can trace the buyer sample.
Without buyer no garments will be exist. So it is important to satisfy buyer by proper
follow up. It also helps the merchandisers of APS Apparels Ltd to keep touch with the
buyer order.

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5.9 Conclusion:
In the present time the competitive level within the garments industry is high. Todays
garments fully depend on merchandising. For any business buyer/ customer satisfaction must
needed. It is the key to survive in the competitive market. In garments industry a good
merchandiser can develop the quality of product and increase the sales of the product.
Merchandising is the main and important job. It is the center of all garments related activities.
APS Apparels Ltd provides all type of facility for the buyer as well as for the employee.
APS Apparels Ltd is the best place to learn about the effective merchandising process.
Though merchandising is a complex job, I learn many things about the job of merchandiser.
In merchandising department I learn sample development, garments costing, quality, banking,
buyer negotiation etc. Visiting the buying house give more knowledge about the buyer want.
The growth of garments depends on the number of buyer. Efficient merchandising
management practice can generate more buyers by satisfying the buyers. Merchandisers goal
is to collect order, execute, develop the best & supply the best and achieve the safety and trust
from buyer. So to increase the productivity of an organization effectively, well-organized
merchandising management practice is necessary.

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