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Tetrahedron Letters 44 (2003) 35793580
Pergamon
AbstractCinnamic acids have been prepared in 5986% yields by a new direct synthesis from aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic
carboxylic acids in the presence of sodium borohydride and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) as solvent, at reflux (185190C),
for 912 hours. Without sodium borohydride, this reaction is not possible. 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Cinnamic acids can be prepared from aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic anhydrides, in the presence of
bases, particularly with sodium or potassium salts of
the carboxylic acids corresponding to the anhydrides
used in the reaction (the Perkin reaction).1
Thus, potassium acetate can be used for the reaction between acetic anhydride and benzaldehyde,
yields are 7072% at 180C in 8 h. With sodium
acetate, the yields are lower under the same conditions.2 This reaction is not suitable for aliphatic aldehydes.3
Scheme 1.
* Corresponding author.
0040-4039/03/$ - see front matter 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00529-X
3580
Table 1. Cinnamic acids obtained by direct synthesis in the presence of sodium borohydride
Cinnamic acidsa
Yieldb (%)
M.p.c (C)
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
74
66
83
86
81
59
72
77
10
12
9
9
10
12
10
10
176177
131133
248250
285286
195197
173175
105107
195197
1751777
1321338
2492507
2842869
19619710
1731758
1061079
1961979
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
The cinnamic acids obtained were identified by comparison of their m.p. and IR spectra with authentic samples.
Yields calculated based on the aromatic aldehydes I employed.
c
After recrystallization.
b
References