PETE 532

Well Performance
Inflow Performance
Relationships (IPR)
for Special Cases

IPR for Special Cases

Waterflood Wells
Vertical Wells with Stratified Formations

Horizontal Wells with Reservoir Zonation

Multilateral Horizontal Sections
Multilateral/Horizontal Wells with ICD or
ICV

IPR for Waterflood Wells

If we have rate test:

Qt= Qo+Qw

Use Vogel for Pwf<Pb

Use straight line for PwfPb

If no rate test:

IPR can be estimated by:

K ro
K rw
0.00708k h
J

ln 0.472re / rw S ' o B o W BW

IPR for Stratified Reservoir

Two production zones

Commingled production
PR2>PR1
When Pwf is > PR1 Liquid will flow into zone 1
No NET Production until Pwf is low enough so
that flow from the high press zone is more
than the rate into the low press zone

This press value must be determined (P*wf)

IPR for Stratified Reservoir

Find Pwf at which all zone 2 rate (produced) equals zone 1 rate (injected)

q 2 J 2 PR 2 P

*
wf

q1 J 1 Pwf* PR 1
q1 q 2

J 2 PR 2 P

*
wf

J P
1

*
wf

PR 1

Pwf* 1 J 2 / J 1 PR 1 PR 2 J 2 / J 1
P
*
wf

PR 1 PR 2 J 2 / J 1
1 J 2 / J1

Pwf must be <

for the well to
have rate

IPR for Stratified Reservoir

No cross flow
If Pwf < Pr1, no cross flow between zones

Cross flow cases:

If Pwf > or =
If

, all zone2 flow will be injected into zone 1 (dead)

> Pwf > Pr1, some of zone 2 rate will be injected into zone 1

Example 1
A vertical was drilled west of Abqaiq Field
crossing Arab-D Zone 1 (h=20 feet, K=20md)
and Arab-D zone 2 (h=150 feet, K=250md).
Test shows good communication between Zone
1 & 2.
Would Zone 1 contribute to the flow if Pwf at
sand face =2000 PSI?
Arab-D Pressure = 2750, BBP=1650, Rw=0.5ft,
Re=750m, Bo=1.3, Skin=+0.5, Viscosity=2 cp

0 .0 0 7 0 8 k o h
o B o ln 0 .4 7 2 re / rw

'

=0.000344 * K * h
J1=0.14 , J2=13.0
Q1= 105 Bll, Q2=9750

Since both reservoirs are on hydraulic communication, no cross flow Zone 1

contribution is ~ 1% of the flow below the accuracy of any flow meter. In other
words, Zone 1 will not be depleted while competing with Zone2

Example 2
Another vertical was drilled north of Abqaiq
Field crossing Arab-D Zone 1 (h=18 feet,
K=22md) and Arab-D zone 2 (h=160 feet,
K=350md). Test shows no communication
between Zone 1 & 2. PRz2=2750 psi,
PRz1=2350 psi
Is there any cross flow if Pwf at sand face
=2400 psi? or 2200 psi?
BPP=1650, Rw=0.5ft, Re=750m, Bo=1.3,
Skin=+0.5, Viscosity=2 cp

0 .0 0 7 0 8 k o h
o B o ln 0 .4 7 2 re / rw

'

=0.000344 * K * h

=2747 psi

J1=0.13
J2=19.0

STBD/PSI
STBD/PS

At this Pwf Q2=57 STBD

Will be all injected into
Zone I. Well will be dead

Example 2
=2747 psi

At pwf = 2400 psi there will be cross flow as follow:

Q2= (2750-2400)*19=6650 STBD
Q1(Injec)=(2400-2350)*0.13=6 STBD
Well is flowing but minor cross flow
At pwf = 2200 psi there will be no cross flow as follow:
Q2= (2750-2200)*19=10450 STBD
Q1=(2350-2200)*0.13=20 STBD <1%
Well is flowing with no cross flow

Horizontal Wells with Reservoir Zonation

Ref (2011):

Horizontal Wells with Reservoir Zonation

Example
A 5500 Horizontal well was drilled in Ghawar field with two distinct zones:
rw=0.5 ft, Re=500 m, Viscosity= 2cp, Bo=1.3, h=50 ft, Skin=0.0, BPP=1800 psi
Res P ~ 2800 psi

Zone1: K1=250 md, L1=3000 ft

Zone 2: K2=100 md, L2=2500 ft

1- Neglecting the pressure drop in the wellbore, and assuming that you have
pressure connectivity between zones, can you estimate the expected rate if Pwf at
the heel is approximately going to be 2000 psi?
2- After drilling the well and conducting MTD test, you found that your assumption
of pressure connectivity is not correct where you measured Reservoir pressure and
found that Pr1= 2700 psi and Pr2= 2800 psi
Is there going to be cross flow between the two zones? If yes, how to complete the
well to prevent it? In this case, how much rate this well can deliver?

Example
You can use Joshi, Furui, Butler IPR model, or Darcy for simplicity

0 .0 0 7 0 8 k o h
o B o ln 0 .4 7 2 re / rw S '

Ji= 0.0186 * ki
J1=4.6, J2=1.86

q1= 0.0186 * 250 * (2800-2000) =3720 Bll

q2= 0.0186 * 100 * (2800-2000) =1488 Bll
qt= 5208 Bll
Is the assumption of zero pressure drop in the wellbore is good?
2000

2008

2022

Lets assume pressure drop due to friction in Z1=16 PSI, Z2=12 PSI

q1= 0.0186 * 250 * (2800-2000-16/2) =3683 Bll

q2= 0.0186 * 100 * (2800-2000-16-12/2) =1447 Bll
qt= 5130 Bll

< 1.5%

Is Pressure Drop is important?

Example
In case if not connected reservoirs?

Pr1=2700

Pr2=2800

Pwf*=2730 psi
In case of Pwf at heel = 2000 PSI, Pwf at mid Zone 1 = 2000 +16/2=2008 <
Pr1 & < Pwf* === There will be no cross flow

Example
Another Scenario Two Separate r where Pr1=2000 and

Pr1=2000, J1=4.6

Pr2=2600

Pr2=2600, J2=1.86
Pwf*=2172 psi, Q=790 Bll

In case of Pwf at heel = 1900 PSI, Pwf at mid Zone 1 = 1900 +16/2=1908 <
Pr1 & < Pwf* === There will be no cross flow
If

> Pwf > Pr1, some of zone 2 rate will be injected into zone 1

Horizontal Wells with Reservoir Zonation

Ref (2011):

Horizontal with Reservoir Zonation & ICD or ICV

Choke Eq

q 22,800C ( D2 )2

Multilateral Wells with/without Reservoir Zonation

- Same Reservoir
with connectivity
- Same Reservoir
with no
connectivity
- Different n
Reservoirs

If you have surface

Rate, and down hole
Pressure reading?

Multilateral with/without Reservoir Zonation & ICD or ICV

- Same Reservoir
with connectivity
- Same Reservoir
with no
connectivity
- Different n
Reservoirs

HM#4, Due to March 12th, 2013

Select one of these two papers and summarize the proposed Multilateral
IPR model. If possible program it into XL sheet. You can also select any
other Multilateral IPR model proposed in the literature