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Improved Frac and Pack Job Design and Execution in Baram FieldA Case History
Mezlul Arfie, Maharon Jadid, and Norsamsuriya Samsudin, SPE, PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd (Malaysia), and
Alfred Azer and Razien Ali, SPE, Halliburton
Abstract
Baram Delta Field is a mature hydrocarbon-producing field in
east Malaysia. The reservoirs are predominantly friable and
unconsolidated. Downhole sand-exclusion systems are
required to help ensure prolonged well productivity.
Historically, most wells were completed with internal
gravel packs (IGP) and high-rate water packs (HRWP) with
good success rates. However, there were concerns of
inconsistent final completion skins that could result in wells
not producing to full potential.
In an effort to improve and optimize sand-control
techniques, the frac-pack technique was introduced to achieve
not only sand exclusion but also provide additional reservoir
stimulation.
This paper describes the transition of an idea from sand
control only to optimizing production through reservoir
stimulation. A reservoir selection process for applicable fracpack treatments is also reviewed.
Because this technique was relatively new to this field,
fracture design analysis was thoroughly reviewed before the
actual application in an effort to ensure maximum benefit from
the treatment.
This paper is intended to systematically translate and
interpret the field data acquired, with the aim of improving the
quality of the job, the fluid design, and pumping diagnostic
stage to achieve TSO (tip screenout) fracs.
It is expected that variability in skin after frac-pack
treatments can be minimized and the best productivity can be
achieved by having an optimized fluid design along with
standardized pumping diagnostic and TSO design technique.
The well performance from these frac-pack wells was also
evaluated to quantify the benefit of these improved techniques.
Introduction
Baram Field is located in the Baram Delta area, 28 km
offshore Miri (Fig. 1). It was first discovered in 1963 and the
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Pad Volume Fraction (%) = t pad / t i = (1 ) + 0.05 100 2
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Acknowledgment
The authors thank PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd for
permission to publish this paper and to Halliburton for
excellent cooperation in making this work a success.
References
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9.
Delattre, E., Mus, E., Van Domelen, M., Azer, A., Payer, N.:
Performance of Cased-Hole Sand-Control Completions in
High-Rate WellsA Case Study from the Girassol Field,
Angola, paper SPE 78322 presented at the 2002 SPE European
Petroleum Conference, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 2931
October.
Martins, J.P. et al.: Small Highly Conductive Fractures Near
Fluid Contacts: Application to Prudhoe Bay, paper SPE 24956,
presented at the 1992 Annual Technical Conference and
Exhibition of the SPE Production Engineering Journal,
Washington D.C., 47 October.
Martins, J.P. et al.: Tip Screen Out Fracturing Applied to the
Ravenspurn South Gas Field Development, SPE PE (August
1992) 252.
Martins, J.P. et al.: The effect of Non-Darcy Flow in Propped
Fractures, paper SPE 20709 presented at the 1990 Annual
Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana,
2326 September.
Vincent, M.C., Pearson, M. and Kullman, J.: Non Darcy and
Multiphase Flow in Propped Fractures: Case Studies Illustrate
the Dramatic Effect on Well Productivity, paper SPE 54630
presented at the 1999 SPE Regional Meeting, Anchorage,
Alaska, 2628 May.
Smith, M.B., Miller II, W.K., and Haga, J.: Tip Screenout
Fracturing: A Technique for Soft, Unstable Formations, SPEPE
(May 1987) 95.
Petroleum Well Construction, Economides, M.J., Watters, L.T.,
Dunn-Norman, S. (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, London, (1998)
505-506.
The optimization of Propped Fracture Treatments. Economides
and Nolte Reservoir Stimulation, H.G. Meng Second Edition.
Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1989) 8-1112.
Nolte, K.G.: Determination of Proppant and Fluid Schedules
from Pressure Decline, SPEPE (July 1986).
9789
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Gal
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Zone
Name
Perm,
md
I3.1
800
30
0.4
60000
1000
54
0.4
135000
700
30
0.4
52500
1000
60
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500
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55
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77
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56
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L6.2
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231
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120
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112000
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0.6
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Name
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Fig. 2Learning point from NOLTE plot the first job for pad equation modification.
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Fig. 3Learning point from the first job for pad equation modification.
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