04-06-2014

Indo-Norwegian Training Programme on Seismic Design of Multi-storey

Buildings: IS 1893 vs. Eurocode 8
May 26-28, 2014 at New Delhi

OUTLINE
Rigid Base Model
Flexible Base Model
Modeling of Shallow foundation
Modeling of Raft foundation
Modeling of Pile foundation

MODELLING OF SOIL-FOUNDATIONSTRUCTURE SYSTEM

by
SHRABONY ADHIKARY

Research Scholar
(Department of Earthquake Engineering, IIT Roorkee)

FOUNDATION MODELING
ASSUMPTION(FEMA-440)

Flexible Base Model

Geotechnical
components of
foundation

Rigid Base Model

Structural
components of
foundation

Infinitely rigid foundation and soil

Ug=free field motion (FFM)

with conventional damping
Ug=free field motion (FFM)
with conventional damping
Inappropriate for Structural systems that incorporate stiff vertical system
for lateral resistance(e.q, shear walls,braced frames)
Allowable for moment frames

Base rotations and translations

Predicted period of the structure lengthens
Distribution of forces among various element changes
Realistic evaluation of the probable structural behavior

Soil Flexibility -ASCE 41

METHOD 1
For Rigid shallow foundation and flexible soil system

SOIL MODELLING FOR

SHALLOW FOUNDATION

P
ksr
M
ksh
H
ksv

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Stiffness of foundation at surface

Correction Factor for Embedment

ASCE 41

ASCE 41
Effective shear modulus

Flexible Base properties and Soil

Properties
Foundation dimensions
Length, L
Width, B
Thickness, d
Depth, D

METHOD 2
For Rigid shallow foundation and flexible soil system
Winkler Model

Coefficient or
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction

k end =

6 .83 G
(1 )

Stiffness per unit length

ASCE 41

k mid =

0 .73 G
(1 )

Component Stiffness

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction

IS 9214 (1979): Method of determination of modulus of subgrade reaction (ksvalue) of soils in field

Pressure,

Initial Tangent
or
initial secant line

ks =/

Empirical Relationships
(Terzaghi Equation)

(Vesic Equation,1961)

For Footing on clay

ks = k1 (B1/B)
ks=1.33* kP * (Bp/B) 0.73 Moayad and Janbaz(2008)

ks = Es/B(1-2)

For Footing on sand

Deformation,
ks = k1 (B+B1/2B)2
ks value is taken as the slope of the line passing through the origin and the point on
the curve corresponding to 1.25 mm settlement

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METHOD 3

For flexible shallow foundation and soil system

unit subgrade spring coefficient, ksv
k sv =

1 . 3G
B (1 )

Poissons ratio
v = 0.50 for saturated clay soils
= 0.25 for all other soils

SOIL MODELLING FOR RAFT

FOUNDATION

Rigid Foundation (Conventional Method)

a) The foundation is rigid relative to the supporting soil and the compressible soil
layer is relatively shallow.
b) The contact pressure variation is assumed as planar, such that the centroid of
the contact pressure coincides with the line of action of the resultant force of all
loads acting on the foundation.
Flexible Foundation (Simplified Method)
It is assumed that subgrade consists of an infinite array of individual elastic springs
each of which is not affected by others. The spring constant is equal to the
modulus of subgrade reaction ( k ). The contact pressure at any point under the
raft is, therefore, linearly proportional to the settlement at the point.

Calculation of node springs

Column

IS : 2950 (Part I) 1981, Code of Practice for Design and

Construction of Raft Foundations, Part 1 Design

Modeling of Raft Foundation

Decoupled Winkler spring model similar to Method 2

Estimate of Modulus of subgrade

reaction ks for Sandy soil
Loose Sand

Medium Dense Sand

Dense Sand
Clayey Medium Sand

Ki(kN/m) =ks (kN/m3)Area(m2)

Silty Medium Dense Sand

4800-16000 kN/m3
9600-80000 kN/m3
64000-128000 kN/m3

32000-80000 kN/m3
24000-48000 kN/m3

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Estimate of Modulus of subgrade

reaction ks for Clayey soil
Clay, qa < 200kPa

Clay, 200kPa < qa <800kPa

Clay, qa > 800kPa

12000-24000 kN/m3

24000-48000

kN/m3

>48000 kN/m3

Determination of Depth of Fixity

IS : 2911 (Part 1/Sec 4) - 1984

Winkler Model

SOIL MODELLING FOR PILE

FOUNDATION

Determination of Lateral deflection and

Maximum moment in the Pile
IS : 2911 (Part 1/Sec 4) - 1984

Calculation of spring coefficients

Silva 2008

Silva 2008
Horizontal soil spring stiffness at any depth was obtained according to the relation

Vertical end bearing soil spring stiffness at bottom was obtained according to the
relation

Vertical skin friction spring stiffness along length of pile

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