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direct variation
constant of variation
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Extra Examples
Personal Tutor
Self-Check Quiz
24
18
Pages
MAIN IDEA
Direct Variation
12
6
Time (minutes)
In the example above, the number of minutes and the number of pages
printed both vary, while the ratio of pages printed to minutes, 1.5 pages
per minute, remains constant.
When the ratio of two variable quantities is constant, their relationship
is called a direct variation. The constant ratio is called the constant of
variation.
9- 5
15
7.5
_
or _
2
30
20
10
Distance (miles)
30
7.5
_
or _
4
40
45
7.5
_
or _
6
60
7.5
_
or _
8
487
Direct Variation
Words
Key Concept
A direct variation is a
relationship in which
the ratio of y to x is a
constant, k. We say y
varies directly with x.
Model
4
2
_y
Symbols
k = x or y = kx,
where k 0
Example
y = 3x
-4
-2
y = 3x
2
4x
-2
-4
Direct variation
y = 21, x = 3
Simplify.
Substitute for k = 7.
_ _
3
126 = 3x
42 = x
Look Back
To review proportional
relationships, see Lessons
4-2 and 4-5.
Miles, x
25
50
75
100
Gallons, y
gallons
_
1
_
2
1
_
or _
25
miles
50
3
1
_
or _
25
75
25
4
1
_
or _
25
100
Since the ratios are the same, the function is a direct variation. The
1
constant of variation is _
.
25
Hours, x
Earnings, y
36
52
68
84
earnings
_
36
18
_
or _
2
hours
52
13
_
or _
68
11.33
_
or _
6
84
10.50
_
or _
8
The ratios are not the same, so the function is not a direct variation.
c.
Days, x
Height, y
10
15
20
12.5
25
37.5
50
d. Time, x
Distance, y
Direct Variations
Notice that the graph of
a direct variation, which
is a proportional linear
relationship, is a line that
passes through the origin.
-2
-1
-4
-2
y
x
10
12
16
20
24
Concept Summary
Graph
Equation
y = 2x
Graph
-2
-1
-5
-3
_yx _5
_3
Equation
y = 2x - 1
489
(p. 487)
Example 2
(p. 488)
Computers
Example 1
1
travels 210 miles in 3_
hours. Assuming
60
40
20
(p. 489)
HOMEWORK
HELP
For
Exercises
See
Examples
45
611
1215
2
3, 4
Hours, x
Miles, y
116
174
232
290
Earnings ($)
Height (in.)
2
1
Hours
Days
6
4
2
12
Newspapers
ship, it is 25 meters below the surface. After 30 minutes, the submarine has
descended 75 meters. At what rate is the submarine diving?
7. MOVIES The Stratton family rented 3 DVDs for $10.47. The next weekend,
they rented 5 DVDs for $17.45. What is the rental fee for a DVD?
8. MEASUREMENT Morgan used 3 gallons of paint to cover 1,050 square feet
and 5 gallons to paint an additional 1,750 square feet. How many gallons of
paint would she need to cover 2,800 square feet?
9. MEASUREMENT The weight of an object on Mars varies directly with
3
4
Real-World Link
The aspect ratio of a
television screen
describes the ratio
of the width of the
screen to the height.
Standard screens have
an aspect ratio of 4:3
while wide-screen
televisions have an
aspect ratio of 16:9.
14.
Pictures, x
Profit, y
20
24
28
32
Age, x
10
11
12
13
Grade, y
13.
15.
Minutes, x
200
400
600
800
Cost, y
65
115
165
215
Price, x
10
15
20
25
Tax, y
0.70
1.05
1.40
1.75
ALGEBRA If y varies directly with x, write an equation for the direct variation.
Then find each value.
16. If y = -12 when x = 9, find y when x = -4.
17. Find y when x = 10 if y = 8 when x = 20.
18. If y = -6 when x = -14, what is the value of x when y = -4?
19. Find x when y = 25, if y = 7 when x = 8.
20. Find y when x = 5, if y = 12.6 when x = 14.
21. MEASUREMENT The number of centimeters in a measure varies directly as
EXTRA
PRACTICE
12
15
H.O.T. Problems
=4m
w = 6.4 m
23. OPEN ENDED Identify values for x and y in a direct variation relationship
491
Mass, y
(grams)
12
30
54
12
72
x
C y = -_
B y = 6x
x
D y=_
6
8
x
H _
=_
8
32
_
G _
x = 12
8
x
J _
=_
32
12
12
32
(Lesson 9-4)
y
30.
8
32
F _
=_
x
12
31.
32. JOBS The function p = 7.5h describes the relationship between the
number of hours h Callie works and the amount she is paid p. Graph the
function. Then use your graph to determine how much Callie can expect
to earn if she works 20 hours. (Lesson 9-3)
33. HEALTH Many health authorities recommend that a healthy diet contains
no more than 30% of its Calories from fat. If Jennie consumes 1,500
Calories each day, what is the maximum number of Calories she should
consume from fat? (Lesson 5-3)
492
35. 23 = d + 44
(Lesson 1-9)
36. 28 = n - 14
37. t - 22 = -31