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PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY

COMPENDIUM OF QUANTUM PHYSICS

2009, 279-280, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_84

Book Chapter

Heisenberg Picture Marianne Breinig

Heisenberg Microscope

Book Chapter

Marianne Breinig

Schrdinger's Cat Henry Stapp

Book Chapter

Schrdingers Waves: Propagation

and Probability Arkady Plotnitsky
Book Chapter

Two-state systems

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Quantization of the Harmonic

Oscillator Ariadnes Thread in

Abstract

Quantization
Journal Article

Are wave mechanics and matrix

mechanics equivalent theories? N. R.

In 1925 Werner Heisenberg published the first coherent mathematical formulation of quantum theory, now
referred to as matrix mechanics. One year later, Erwin Schrodinger presented an alternative theory
which became known as wave mechanics. Wave mechanics was considered the more intuitive theory
and was favored by many physicists of that time. In 1927 Heisenberg published a paper to show that the
predictions of matrix mechanics, which lead to the Heisenberg uncertainty relations, should not be
considered counterintuitive, but should be viewed as being built into every measurement.
In the paper Heisenberg introduced a thought experiment to measure the position of an electron with a
microscope which uses high-energy gamma rays for illumination. By reducing the wavelength of the
gamma rays and by increasing the diameter of the microscope objective, the position of the electron can
be measured as accurately as desired. Assuming diffraction-limited optics, the uncertainty in the position
measurement is on the order of x /(2 sin ) (Fig. 1).

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