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DiseasesofPoultry

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ByIvanDinev,DVM,PhD

BookContents

BacterialDiseases

SWOLLENHEADSYNDROME

ESCHERICHIACOLIINFECTIONS
SALMONELLOSES
PARATYPHOIDINFECTIONS
FOWLCHOLERA
RIEMERELLAANATIPESTIFERINFECTIONS
MYCOPLASMA
NECROTICENTERITIS
CHOLANGIOHEPATITISINBROILERCHICKENS
GANGRENOUSDERMATITIS
BOTULISM
AVIANTUBERCULOSIS

ViralDiseases
VIRALINCLUSIONBODYHEPATITIS
HAEMORRHAGICENTERITISOFTURKEYS
EGGDROPSYNDROME1976
ADENOVIRUSGROUPIASSOCIATEDINFECTIONS
INFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)
INFECTIOUSBRONCHITIS(IB)
LARYNGOTRACHEITIS
SWOLLENHEADSYNDROME
INFECTIOUSENCEPHALOMYELITIS
NEWCASTLEDISEASE
FOWLPOX
REOVIRUSINFECTIONS

NeoplasticDiseasesinPoultry
VIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASE
LYMPHOIDLEUKOSIS
MYELOCYTOMATOSIS
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS
237.238.Swollen head syndrome (SHS) is a complicated infection in broilers and
ADENOCARCINOMATOSIS

ParasiticDiseases
COCCIDIOSIS
HISTOMONOSIS
ASCARIDIOSIS
RAILLIETINOSIS
KNEMIDOKOPTOSIS

MycosesandMycotoxicoses

broilerbreeders,wheretheprimaryaetiologicalagentisanavianpneumovirus(APV)
and the secondary usually E. coli it is characterized by respiratory and nervous
signs.Inbroilerschickens,SHSisgenerallyseenafterthe4thweekoflife.Thefirst
clinical signs are sneezing, coughing, rales and conjunctivites. A profuse tear
secretion, reddened conjunctivas and a characteristic oblong almondlike shape of
eyes are observed. The inflammatory exudate is initially transparent, but afterwards
becomesopaque.

ASPERGILLOSIS
ASPERGILLUSGRANULOMATOUSDERMATITIS
AFLATOXICOSIS
CANDIDIASIS
FUSARIOTOXICOSES

DeficiencyDiseases
VITAMINB2DEFICIENCY
VITAMINBiDEFICIENCY
VITAMINEDEFICIENCY
FATTYLIVERHAEMORRHAGICSYNDROME
SLIPPEDTENDON(PEROSIS)

Other
PULMONARYHYPERTENSION(ASCITIS)SYNDROMEINBROILERCHICKENS
AMYLOIDOSIS
DEEPPECTORALMYOPATHY
RUPTUREOFTHEGASTROCNEMIUSTENDONINBROILERBREEDERS
CAGELAYERFATIGUE
DYSCHONDROPLASIA
THYPERKERATOSIS

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GOUT
HYPERANDROGENISMINBROILERCHICKENS
EFFECTOFSTICKYWILLY(GALIUMAPARINE)SEEDSONHEALTHYSTATUSANDPRODUCTIONTRAITSIN
BROILERCHICKENS
GIZZARDIMPACTIONINTURKEYPOULTS
ROUNDHEARTINTURKEYS(DILATEDCARDIOMYOPATHY)
ACUTESELENIUMINTOXICATION
ACUTEPROPANEBUTANEINTOXICATION
SPONTANEOUSRUPTUREOFTHECAUDIALRENALARTERYINTURKEYS
SUBCUTANEOUSEMPHYSEMA
GASTROINTESTINALIMPACTION
MALFORMATIONS

SeasonalPicks

239.240.Subcutaneous oedemas in the head region, involving unilaterally or

bilaterallytheperiorbitalsinusesandthemandibularspace,areemerging.Aseasonal
patternintheprevalencewithpeaksduringspringandsummerisobserved.

241.242.After removal of the covering skin, deposits of serofibrinous exidate are

observed. APV is a virus from the Paramyxoviridae family. The pneumovirus is
present in respiratory secretions and discharges. It survives for a long time in cold
andwetenvironment.E.colifollowstheAPVinfectionoftheupperrespiratorytract.
The triggered inflammatory response results in accumulation of exudate in the
subcutaneoustissue.Inmanyinstances,acroupouspneumoniadevelopsatalater
stageconsequentlytocontaminationwithotherpathogens.

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SWOLLENHEADSYNDROMEDiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite

243.244.245.SHSinbroilerbreedersisusuallyencounteredaroundorafterthepeak
egg laying period only in female birds. Unilateral or bilateral swellings of the head,
affecting the periorbital sinuses, the mandibular space and the wattles are seen.
The conjunctiva and the mucous membranes of sinuses are considered to be the
entrancedooroftheinfection.AuniquecytotoxinhasbeenidentifiedinmanyE.coli
isolates in SHS that could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The
inflamed by the virus infection conjunctivaassociated lymphoid tissue is the site
wherethebacteriumentersthesubcutaneoustissue.

246. Frequently, nervous signs are observed in broiler breeders (opisthotonus,

torticolis) due to inflammatory processes in pneumatic skull bones and the middle
ear.

247.In laying hens, the ovaries are affected in many instances (serofibrinous
oophoritis), resulting in reduced egg production. The diagnosis is based upon the
distinctive clinicomorphological signs. SHS should be differentiated from
MycoplasmaandPasteurellainfectionsandtheskinformofaspergillosis.Prevention
improvementofthemicroclimateofpremises,useofliveandkilledvaccines.

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inpart,inanyformat(electronic,photocopiesetc.)withoutthepriorconsent,inwriting,ofcopyrightholders
isstrictlyprohibited.

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