WHITWORTH QUICK RETURN

MECHANISM

Title

WHITWORTH QUICK
RETURN MECHANISM

Made by

Submitted
to

Muhammad Omer
Amjad
Awais Ahmed
Adnan Sattar
Raja Irtaza-ur-Rahman
Moeen Riaz
Salman Arshad
Abdul Basit

Maam Yumna

Table of Contents
WHITWORTH QUICK
RETURN MECHANISM.........1
Abstract.....................................3
Introduction...............................4
Theory.......................................4
Experiment 01: Rocker
Oscillation &Crank rotation.....6
Objective:..............................6
Apparatus:.............................6
Procedure:.............................6
Observations.........................7

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................11
Work Distribution..........................................................................................................................12

WHITWORTH QUICK RETURN

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MWQRM-EXP07/00

Abstract
The Whitworth quick return mechanism converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion, but
unlike the crank and slider, the forward reciprocating motion is slower rate than the return stroke.
This is why it is called quick return mechanism. This mechanism is used in the cutting tool on a
shaping machine. In this experiment we will analyze the variation of velocity, displacement and
acceleration of the rocker.

WHITWORTH QUICK RETURN

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MWQRM-EXP07/00

Introduction
The basic idea of using whitworth quick return mechanism is converting any rotational system to
a mechanical system. Whitworth quick return mechanism basically comprises of a disc
connected to an input shaft and a joint connecting disc to the rocker. The forward and backward
movement of slider is accomplished by rotation of disc.

Theory
Definition of a Mechanism
A mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of a line diagram, which is used to
reproduce exactly the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose of this reproduction is to
enable the nature of the motion to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various solid
bodies which form the machine elements.
The various parts of mechanism are called links or elements. Where two links are in contact and
relative motion is possible, then they are known as a pair. An arbitrary set of links which form a
closed chain that is capable of relative motion, and that can be made into a rigid structure by the
addition of a single link, is known as a kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from a
kinematics chain one of the links must be fixed. However as any of the links can be fixed, it
follows that there are as many mechanisms as there are links in the chain. The technique of
obtaining different mechanisms by fixing the various links in turn is known as inversion.
Kinematics Pairs
The relative motion between two links of a pair can take different forms. Three types of pairs are
known as lower pairs and these are the frequently occurring ones: Sliding
: such as occurs between a piston and cylinder.
Turning
: such as occurs with the wheel on an axle.
Screw motion : such as occurs between a nut and a bolt.
All other cases are considered to be combinations of sliding and rolling and are called higher
pairs. Strictly screw motion is a higher pair as it combines turning and sliding.
Whitworth's Quick Return

Figure1: Quick return mechanism

WHITWORTH QUICK RETURN

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MWQRM-EXP07/00

The above diagram shows the mechanism as used on the apparatus. Link 1 on the top diagram is
extended to point A. Attached to point A is another link with a pivot. The other end of this link
terminates in a slider. In a machine tool where this mechanism is used the cutting tool is attached
to this slider.
The link POA rotates about O. The mechanism is driven by crank PC which rotates about C with
constant velocity. The slider at P slides along POA as the crank is turned. Its path is shown by the
dashed circle, centered on C and through P. Clearly when P is at P1 the slider S is at the outer
extremity of its travel. When P is at P2 the slider S is at the inner extremity of its travel.
Now as PC rotates with constant velocity the time taken to go from P1 to P2 is less than that
taken to go from P2 to P1. However during both those time intervals the slider S is moving the
same distance. Therefore the speed of S is different during the different parts of the cycle. During
the shorter time interval P1 to P2 the slider S has the greater speed and during the interval P2 to
P1 it has the slower speed. Thus P1 to P2 is the quick return and P2 to P1 the slower cutting
stroke.
When applied to a metal cutting machine (a shaping machine) the other advantage of the
mechanism is the variable power distribution during the cycle. When S is on the return stroke the
slider at P is nearer to O and simple moments shows that the torque applied is low. Hence the
return stroke uses less power as P = T.. During the cutting stroke the slider at P is at a greater
radius from O and thus more power is available to perform useful work in cutting metal.
Thus the overall performance of the mechanism is to provide a high power forward cutting
stroke with a low power and higher speed quick return in preparation for the next cut.

SLIDE CRANK MECHANISM APPARATUS

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MSCM-EXP08/00

Experiment 01: Rocker Oscillation &Crank rotation

Objective:
The objective of the experiment is to investigate the performance of a Whitworths quick return
motion and to verify that the motion does have a quick return stroke and a slow cutting or
forward stroke. Additionally, the increase in efficiency of the system mechanism is also
determined.

Apparatus:
The apparatus used is the assembled mechanism of whit worth mechanism. The mechanism used is
as shown in the figure below. Both the disc and slider are scaled

Figure 2: Whitworth experiment appatatus

Procedure:

Set the drive crank so that the pointer is at zero on the scale.
Note the slider position.
Rotate the crank by 30 increments.
For every increment, note the corresponding slider position.
Repeat the process for a full 360.

SLIDE CRANK MECHANISM APPARATUS

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MSCM-EXP08/00

Observations
Sr. #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Crank
Slider
Time
Rotation
Displacement
(sec)
(Degree)
(mm)
0
0
0
30
1
0.4
60
2
1.5
90
3
3.2
120
4
5.2
150
5
6.8
180
6
7.6
210
7
7
240
8
5.5
270
9
3.5
300
10
1.7
330
11
0.5
360
12
0

Slider
Velocity
(mm/s)
0.4
1.1
1.7
2
1.6
0.8
-0.6
-1.5
-2
-1.8
-1.2
-0.5

Slider
accerelation
(mm/s2)
0.7
0.6
0.3
-0.4
-0.8
-1.4
-0.9
-0.5
0.2
0.6
0.7

Displacement Vs Time
8
7
6
5
Displacement mm

4
3
2
1
0
0

6
Time/s

Figure 3

10

12

14

SLIDE CRANK MECHANISM APPARATUS

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MSCM-EXP08/00

Displacemet Vs Angle
8
7
6
5
displacement/mm

4
3
2
1
0
0

50

100

150

200

250

Crank Rotation/

Figure 4

300

350

400

SLIDE CRANK MECHANISM APPARATUS

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MSCM-EXP08/00

Velocity Vs time
12
10
8
Velocity mm/s

Y-Values

4
2
0
0

10

12

14

Time/s

Figure 5

Acceleration Vs Time
1
0.5
0
0

Acceleration mm/s2

-0.5
-1
-1.5

Time/s

Figure 6

10

12

SLIDE CRANK MECHANISM APPARATUS

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MSCM-EXP08/00

Conclusion
From the experiment we concluded that it is the crank angle that is controlling the displacement
of slider in such a way that 180 degree rotation is accomplished during both forward and
backward movement of slider.

SLIDE CRANK MECHANISM APPARATUS

References

Wikipedia.com
Wonderfulengineering.com
Wikihow.com
Sciencedirect.com

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MSCM-EXP08/00

SLIDE CRANK MECHANISM APPARATUS

Lab Report No. IST-MECH-MSCM-EXP08/00

Work Distribution

Name

Work Contribution

Adnan sattar

Procedure

Awais Ahmed

Observations and Calculations

Omer Amjad
Raja Irtaza

Observations and Calculations,

Layout
Abstract

Moeen Riaz

Precautions

Salman Arshad

Conclusion

Abdul Basit

Introduction