Q3)

Q4)

Unit 1
TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Explain the components of typical embedded systems, in detail.
What is the difference between big-endian and little-endian processors? Give an
example of each.
Explain the role of reset circuit in embedded system.
Differentiate between RISC and CISC. Give example for each.

Q5)

Write in brief, the two types of processor architectures available for processor design.

Q6)

What is an embedded system? Briefly describe its typical characteristics and

attributes to differentiate with reference to a general purpose computing system.

Q7)

Write a note on the types and applications of programmable logic devices (PLDS) as
embedded system cores.

Q8)

Distinguish between i) Harvard and Von-Neumann architecture. Ii) microprocessors

and microcontrollers.

Q9)

Explain the following terms. I) EPROM ii) Optocoupler iii) Reset circuit

Q1)
Q2)

Q10) Determine the resolution and range of a 16 bit timer working at a clock frequency of
20 MHz. what is the terminal count to be loaded for an upcounter for generating a
delay of 500 microseconds?
Q11) Differentiate the roles of reset and Brown-out reset circuits.
Q12) Explain the classification of embedded systems based on their purpose. Give
examples.
Q13) Explain the different classification of working memory (RAM).
Q14) Explain the various methods available for developing the embedded firmware?
Q15) Mention the development environment used for the firmware design.
Unit 2
CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Q1)

Explain the different characteristics of embedded system, in detail.

Q2)

What is operational quality attribute? Explain the important non-operational quality

attributes to be considered in any embedded system design.

Q3)

Explain in detail, any two wireless external communication interfaces.

Q4)

What are the different types of memories used for program storage in embedded
design? Explain them.

Q5)

Explain the operation of unit SRAM and DRAM cells and compare the two.

Q6)

Explain the operation of the I2C on-board communication interface with a discussion
on the sequence of operations required.

Q7)

Explain the critical roles of brown-out detectors and watch-dog timers in embedded
systems.

Q8) Explain i) PLD ii) push button switch iii) SPI bus
Q9) Compare I2C bus with Wi-Fi.
Q10) Explain UART based on-board communication and discuss how it is extended to an
external communication interface.
Q11) Define the four types of data transfer supported by the USB.
Q12) What are UML diagrams? How are they grouped? Explain only the static diagrams of
UML.
Q13) What is hardware software co-design? Explain the fundamental issues in hardware
software co-design.
Q14) For a suitable example define and explain the use case diagram and sequence diagram
used in UML.
Q15) Define the following examples of UML building elements: i) Class and active class
things ii) Aggregation and generalization Relationships
Q16) Explain the dataflow graph and control dataflow graph model.
Q17) What is the difference between DFG and CDFG model? Explain their significance in
embedded design.
Q18) Explain FSM for coin operated telephone unit and a sequential program model for
seat belt warning system, with diagrams.
Q19) Mention the different computational models in embedded system. Explain any two.
Q20) Explain the tasks and execution of functions in a sequential program model for the
seat belt warning system.
Unit -3
EMBEDDED HARDWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Q1) Explain the high level language based embedded firmware development
technique and also the advantages.
Q2) What are the basic functions of a real time kernel? Explain each.
Q3) Explain the advantages of assembly language based development.
Q4) With sketch, explain the conversion process of a high level language to machine
language.
Q5) Using a block schematic approach, discuss the file conversion processes and the
various software utilities involved in converting an assembly/high level language into
hex code.
Q6) Compare i) C and Embedded C and ii) Compiler and cross compiler
Q7) Write a short note on mixing assembly with high level language.
Q8) Explain assembly language to machine language conversion process. What are the
advantages of assembly language based developments?
Q9) Explain the role of EDA tools in PCB design and fabrication.
Q10) Discuss the procedure of design Rules Check (DRC) in a typical CAD tool and list
the possible errors in schematic diagram.
Q11) Explain the procedures and rules of PCB track routing considering global space
settings.
Q12) Explain the different embedded firmware design approaches in detail.

Q13) Discuss process management in the context of an RTOS with the help of details of a
task control block-TCB.
Unit-4
EMBEDDED FIRMWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Q1) Differentiate between superloop based and OS based embedded firmware design.
Q2) What is Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool. Explain the role of EDA tools in
embedded system design.
Q3) What is schematic? Explain the role of schematic in embedded hardware design.
Q4) Explain Bill of Material (BOM) in embedded hardware design context.
Q5) What is the use of BoM in embedded hardware design and development?
Q6) What is Netlist in the Embedded hardware design context?
Q7) Explain Netlist role in hardware design.
Unit- 5
REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS) BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

Q1)
Q2)
Q3)
Q4)
Q5)
Q6)
Q7)
Q8)
Q9)
Q10)
Q11)
Q12)
Q13)
Q14)
Q15)
Q16)
Q17)
Q18)
Q19)

Q1)
Q2)
Q3)
Q4)
Q5)
Q6)

Explain multiprocessing multicasting and multiprogramming.

Explain the different types of preemptive scheduling algorithm. State the merits and
demerits of each.
What is monolithic and microkernel? Which one is widely used in RTOS? Why?
Where do we use non-preemptive scheduling? How does it work?
Explain the task scheduling and also the various factors to be considered for selection
of scheduling criteria.
Compare the shortest job first (SJF) scheduling, with priority based scheduling.
Define preemptive scheduling. Explain the shortest remaining time (SRT) and the
round robin (RR) scheduling.
What is a real-time kernel? List its basic functionalities and explain any two.
Differentiate between threads and processes.
Discuss the software utilities involved in converting an assembly language program
into machine executable code.
What are the two approaches of embedded firmware design? Discuss their relative
merits and demerits in detail.
List the advantages of assembly language based programming.
What is interprocessor communication (IPC)? Give an overview of different IPC
mechanism adopted by various operating systems.
What is priority inversion? What are the different techniques adopted for handling
priority inversion?
What is a deadlock? What are th different conditions favoring deadlocks?
Compare the shortest job first (SJF) scheduling, with priority based scheduling.
Describe the structure of a process, memory organization, process status and state
transition with diagram.
Define i) mailbox ii) message queues iii) Microkernel iv) RPC
Explain the process-life-cycle using a state transition diagram.
With definitions, tabulate any four differences between processes and threads.
Unit-6
THE EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
Explain the simulator and emulator.
Explain the architecture of device drivers.
List down the features of simulator based debugging and also the four advantages of
simulator firmware debugging.
Explain in detail, the boundary scan based hardware debugging, in detail.
Discuss the necessity of task synchronization in multitasking environments.
Briefly explain any five functional requirements analyzed, while choosing an RTOS

Q7)

Q8)
Q9)
Q10)
Q11)
Q12)
Q13)
Q14)
Q15)
Q16)
Q17)
Q18)
Q19)
Q20)
Q21)
Q22)

for embedded design.

What is an IDE? Precisely explain the features of a typical IDE.
Write the block diagram for IDE and define the various units used in the embedded
system design.
Describe the various files generated during cross compilation.
Explain boundary scan principle.
Briefly explain the requirements that a good scheduling algorithm must satisfy.
What is a memory mapped object (MMO)? Discuss its application in task
communication.
What is the difference between a simulator and an emulator?
Explain the boundary scan based hardware debugging in detail.
Write a brief note on i) Java for embedded development ii) open moko
iii) Bottlenecks.
Write short notes on i) system on chip ii) reconfigurable processors iii) Deadlock
iv) Watchdog Timer
How does Net CF help for embedded development? Explain.
Discuss the bottlenecks faced by embedded industry.
Discuss the principle of JTAG, based boundary scanning for hardware debugging.
Explain any two processor trends in embedded industry.
Briefly explain any one trend in development language used for embedded system
design.
Explain the functional and non-functional requirements for choosing an RTOS.
Mention the open source standards and frameworks for mobile handset industry.