AMath 231

ASSIGNMENT # 1 Solutions: Review [15 Total]

Fall 2014

Due Monday, September 15, 2014 at 2pm in box 7, slot 11 (A-M) and 12 (N-Z), located
across from MC4066. Late assignments or assignments submitted to the incorrect dropbox
will receive a grade of zero. Write your solutions clearly and concisely. Marks will be
deducted for poor presentation and incorrect notation.
Z
1. Evaluate

x7 1 + x2 dx. [0 marks]

Solution: We substitute u = x2 and du = 2xdx to rewrite this as

Z
Z

7
x 1 + x2 dx = u3 1 + u du.
Next substitute v = 1 + u, expand then integrate,
Z
Z

3
u 1 + u du =
(1 v)3 v dv,
Z

=
(1 3v + 3v 2 v 3 ) v dv,


2 3/2 6 5/2 6 7/2 2 9/2
v v + v v ) +c
=
3
5
7
9


2
6
6
2
2 3/2
2 5/2
2 7/2
2 9/2
=
[(1 + x ) (1 + x ) + (1 + x ) (1 + x ) ) + c.
3
5
7
9
Z
2. Evaluate

sin(log x) dx. [0 marks]

Solution:
Substitute u = log x and du = dx/x or eu du = dx
Z
Z
sin(log x) dx =
eu sin(u) du.
There are several ways to integrate this. The standard way you would have learned in
AMATH 250. A more clever way is to use Eulers formula realize that the above is the
imaginary part of the following, which is easier to evaluate
Z



1 (1+i)u
(1+i)u
Imag
e
du = Imag
e
+ c,
1+i


1 i (1+i)u
= Imag
e
+ c,
2
1 u
=
e [sin u cos u] + c,
2
1
=
x [sin log x cos log x] + c.
2
1

y
2

x2 + (y 1)2 = 1
R
x

Figure 1: Region R.
Z
3. Evaluate

(log x)2 dx. [3 marks]

Solution:
Substute u = log x and du = dx/x or eu du = dx
Z
Z
2
(log x) dx =
eu u2 du.
This we integrate by parts twice,
Z
Z
2 u
2 u
u e du = u e 2 ueu du,
Z
2 u
u
= u e 2ue + 2 eu du,
= u2 eu 2ueu + 2eu ,


= x (log x)2 2 log x + 2 .
Z Z
4. Evaluate

(9 x2 y 2 )dA where R is the region x2 + (y 1)2 1. [4 marks]

Solution:
The region of integration is depicted in Figure 1, which is a circle of radius 1 centred
at (0, 1) and hence suggests that a transformation into polar coordinates is an ideal
choice for integration. Let x = r cos() and y = r sin(). In polar coordinates the
region R is bounded by
(r cos())2 + (r sin() 1)2 = 1 r(r 2 sin()) = 0.
Either r = 0, which is not a possible choice, or r = 2 sin(). It follows to generate the
region R that r = 2 sin() for from 0 to . Furthermore, dA = rdrd (this is from

the Jacobian; convince yourself by trying it out as an exercise). Therefore,

Z Z

2 sin()

(9 r2 )rdrd

(9 x y )dA =
0

 2 sin()
9 2 1 4 
r r 
=
d
2
4
0
0
Z


=
18 sin2 () 4 sin4 () d

Z0 
18
4
2
(1 cos(2)) (1 cos(2)) d
=
2
4
0
 Z

1
(1 2 cos(2) + cos2 (2))d
= 9( sin(2))
2
0
0

Z 
cos(4) + 1
= 9
1 2 cos(2) +
d
2
0

 
sin(4) 
= 9 sin(2) +
+
8
2 0

= 9
2
15
=
2
Z

where we have applied the double angle formula

cos2 () =

cos(2) + 1
2

and

sin2 () =

1 cos(2)
2

to aid in the integration.

Z Z Z
5. Evaluate
xyzdV where G is the solid in the first octant bounded by the sphere
G

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and the coordinate planes. [0 marks]

Solution:
The region of integration, G, is a sphere constrained to x 0, y 0, z 0, x2 + y 2 +
z 2 22 (see Figure 2). Apply spherical coordinates,
x = r sin() cos()
y = r sin() sin()
z = r cos().
For the first octant, we must have r 2, 0 /2 and 0 /2. Furthermore,
dV = r2 sin()drdd (this is from the Jacobian; convince yourself by trying it out as

Figure 2: Region G.
an exercise). Therefore,
Z Z Z

xyzdV =
0

Z
=

0
2
5





r sin() cos() r sin() sin() r cos() r2 sin()drdd

r dr
sin () cos()d
sin() cos()d
0
0
2 Z
Z
2
2
1 6 
3
r 
sin () cos()d
sin() cos()d
6 0 0
0
Z
Z 1
26 1 3
u du
wdw,
(where u = sin(), w = sin())
6 0
0
1
1
26 u4  1 2 
w
6 4 0 2 0
4
.
3
0

=
=
=
=

6. The angular momentum of a particle of mass m with position vector r is

H = r (mu).
Let u = r. Using the result
a (b c) = (a c) b (a b) c,
show that H = mr2 when r is perpendicular to . Here r2 = r r. [2 marks]
Solution:

We begin by computing H:
H =
=
=
=

r (mu),
mr ( r),
m(r r) (r ) r
mr2 ,

as we expected.
dy
y
7. (a) Solve the differential equation
= . [0 marks]
dx
x
Solution: The differential equation is separable and hence through integration
we get
Z
Z
1
1
dy =
dx,
y
x
log y = log x + c,

Solving leads to
xy = constant.
Therefore, xy = c where c is a constant.
(b) Find the solution to (a) that passes through the point (1, 2). [0 mark]
Solution: Substituting y(1) = 2 into the solution in (a), we obtain 2 = c and
hence c = 2. Therefore, xy = 2.