MUSCULAR SYSTEM

EXCRETORY SYSTEM
DIGESTIVEW SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION

Biology is the natural science concerned with the study of life

and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth,
origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] The term biology (from
Greek bios, "life"; logia, study of) in its modern sense appears to have
been introduced independently by Karl Friedrich Burdach (1800),
Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (Biologie oder Philosophie der
lebenden Natur, 1802), and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (Hydrogéologie,
1802).

Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics,

and theories. Five unifying principles form the fundamental axioms of
modern biology: cell theory, evolution, gene theory, energy, and
homeostasis.[4]

These fields are further divided based on the scale at which

organisms are studied and the methods used to study them:
biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular
biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological
molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all
life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions
of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and
ecology examines how various organisms interrelate with their
environment.[5]

The classification, taxonomy, and nomenclature of biological

organisms is administered by the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, and
International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria for animals, plants,
and bacteria, respectively. Viruses, viroids, prions, and all other sub-
viral agents that demonstrate biological characteristics are controlled
by the International Code of Virus classification and nomenclature.
However, several other viral classification systems do exist.

Much of modern biology can be encompassed within five

unifying principles: cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and
energy.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Biology Insight

Vocabulary Development

Personal Data

What I learned in Biology

PORTFOLIO

IN

SCIENCE
 Submitted by: Marc Joshua
Toledo

Submitted to: T. Angie

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM & its functions

Pharynx- the part of the digestive tract leading from the

mouth to the esophagus

Liver- A digestive gland which forms bile; stores

glycogen and perform other essentials.

Pancreas- A digestive gland located below the stomach

of man which secretes the enzymes of pancreatic juice
into small intestine.

Esophagus- the food tube or gullet which connects the

mouth and stomach.

Kidney- A glandular organ which excretes urine.

Oral Cavity- opening or hollow part of the mouth

Duodenum- is responsible for secreting hormones that
trigger the pancreatic duct to release pancreatic juice
and bile.

Colon- the part of the large intestine between the

cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food
residues before they are excreted

Appendix- The last few inches of the colon is the

rectum which is a storage site for solid waste

Rectum- is the final straight portion of the large intestine

Stomach- is a hollow, muscular organ of the

gastrointestinal tract (digestive system), between the
esophagus and the small intestine

Small Intestine- is the part of the gastrointestinal tract

(gut) following the stomach and followed by the large
intestine
EXCRETORY SYSTEM & its functions

Kidneys- are paired organs, which have the production

of urine as their primary function

Ureters- are muscular tubes that propel urine from the

kidneys to the urinary bladder

Urinary Bladder- is the organ that collects urine

excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination

Urethra- is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to

the outside of the body
 WHAT I LEARNED IN BIOLOGY

In school, students always ask older friends

and relatives, “Hey did you take this class? What
was it like?” As freshmen, none of us had to ask
that question about T. Angie’s Biology class. We
were not under any misconceptions as to what
the year held. We had been assured by
everyone, former students, parents and even
other teachers, this would be the hardest high
school course we would ever take.
I’m sure if I really concentrated now, I might
could recall the scientific name of some obscure
insect or dazzle you with my knowledge of all
the bones in the adult human body (which we
had to create individually out of clay and form
into a two-foot tall skeleton). However, I think the
most interesting thing I learned has nothing to
do with biology at all.
 Even months after it was all said and done, I
still found myself looking up.