QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE

SUBJECT

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE No.

AMSYCO 200 004

REVISION NO.

07; dt. JULY 15 07

DATE OF FIRST ISSUE

SEPTEMBER 01, 1993

DISTRIBUTION OF CONTROL COPIES

PROJECT

Upgrade Fire Water Protection System for GOSPs, Abqaiq

BI # 10-00091

CONTRACT

4502114975

COPY # 1

METSCCO Heavy Steel Industries Co. Ltd.

COPY # 2

N/A

COPY # 3

N/A

REVISION
01
02
03
04
05
06
07

DATE
FEBRUARY 15, 1994
MAY 26, 1994
DECEMBER 08, 1996
MAY 12, 2003
AUGUST 11, 2005
JULY 23, 2006
JULY 15, 2007

PREPARED BY

REVIEWED BY

APPROVED BY

D.B. ADHIKARY
NDT Division Manager
RSO/ASNT NDT Level III
(118975)

A.M. BELCHER, BSc CEng

MIMechE
Operations Manager

T.Y. SHIN
General Manager
ACCP/ASNT NDT Level III
(11863)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date

:
:
:
:

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.

SCOPE

2.

REFERENCED CODES AND/OR STANDARDS

3.

QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL

4.

RADIATION SOURCES

5.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.

IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHS

7.

IQIS

8.

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

9.

DIRECTION OF RADIATION & GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS

10.

SAFETY

11.

EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

12.

RECORDS

13.

ATTACHMENT

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 1 of 14

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date

:
:
:
:

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 2 of 14

1. SCOPE
1.1. This procedure establishes the uniform requirements for radiographic examination of weldments.
The materials intended are carbon steel, Alloy steel and stainless steel. The thickness covered by
this procedure shall be up to 2.5 inches of steel. These requirements are intended to control the
quality of the radiographic images and are not intended for controlling acceptability or quality of
welds.
2. REFERENCED CODES AND/OR STANDARDS
2.1. ASME Sec. V

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code-Nondestructive Examination (2004ed., 06a)

2.2. SNT-TC-IA & ANSI/ASNT CP-189

NDT personnel Qualification and Certification (2006ed.)

2.3. ASTM-Metal Test Methods and Analytical Procedures Vol: - 03.03 Nondestructive Testing
2.3.1.

ASTM E-747/04

Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing (Wire IQIs)

2.3.2.

ASTM E-94/04

Standard Guide for Radiographic Testing

2.4. DIN 54 109

Image Quality of Radiographs

2.5. ASME Sec I

Rules for Construction of Power Boiler (2004ed., 06a)

2.6. ASME B31.1

Power Piping (2006ed.)

2.7. ASME B31.3

Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping (2004ed.)

2.8. ASME B31.4

Liquid Transportation systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas,

Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohols (2006ed.)

2.9. ASME B31.8

Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems (2003ed.)

2.10. ASME Sec VIII, Div.1

Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code (2004ed., 06a)

2.11. ASME Sec IX

Welding and Brazing Qualifications (2004ed., 06a)

2.12. API 1104

Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities (20th edition, 2005)

2.13. API 650

Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage (10th edition, 1998)

2.14. AWS D1.1

Structural Welding Code Steel (2006)

2.15. ARAMCO-GI 448.010

Radiographic Examination

2.16. SAEP 1143

Radiographic Examination

2.17. AMSYCO-100-003

Radiation Safety Manual (Latest Revision)

3. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
3.1. All radiographic examination personnel shall be qualified and certified in accordance with a written
procedure AMSYCO 101-001; Rev 07 dated July 7, 2007 (Training Manual - AMSYCO TP-1)
conforming to the latest edition of ANSI/ASNT CP-189.
3.2. For all Saudi Aramco projects, the radiographs shall be examined and interpreted by personnel
certified to perform RTFI by Saudi Aramco.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 3 of 14

4. RADIATION SOURCES
4.1. Selection of the appropriate source is dependent upon variables regarding the weld being
examined (material composition and thickness). The suitability of the source shall be demonstrated
by attaining the required Image Quality Indicator (IQI) sensitivity and complying with all other
requirements stipulated herein (film density and area of interest, density tolerances, etc.). The
sources shall be either X-ray or Gamma-ray.
4.2. The X-ray machine used shall have adequate voltage and radiation output. The focal spot size
shall not exceed 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm.
4.3. For the verification of source size, the manufacturers source certificate/decay chart documenting
the actual physical source size shall be acceptable. Only Ir-192 Isotope shall be used as a source
of Gamma-Ray.
4.4. The minimum permissible thickness for which radioactive isotopes may be used is as follows:
Material
Steel
Copper or High Nickel
Aluminum

Iridium 192
0.75 in.
0.65 in.
2.50 in.

The minimum thickness limitation may be reduced when the radiographic techniques used
demonstrate that the required radiographic sensitivity has been obtained.

5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1. Unless otherwise specified by the applicable referenced code or project specification, final
radiography for acceptance of weld/material shall be performed after heat treatment.
5.2. Surface Preparation:
5.2.1. The welds shall be prepared only to the extent necessary that the resulting radiographic
image due to any irregularities shall not mask or be confused with the image of any
discontinuity. The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may be flush with base material or
may have reasonably uniform crowns. If the weld is ground flush with the adjacent base
material, arrows or "V's" shall be placed inch away from the edge of weld opposite to the
film location markers at the extremities of the film in the area of examination
(See attachment 1).
5.3. Film & Screen requirements:
5.3.1. Selection of films shall be determined by such factors such as the required quality level,
materials etc. The films selected shall be capable of demonstrating the required image
quality indicator (IQI) sensitivity. They shall be either Type 1 or 2. The common commercial
brand of films used shall be:
Type 1: Agfa D4
Kodak MX or M

Type 2: Agfa D7
Kodak AA

Type 1 film shall be used for radiography of pipe diameters of 8 inch nominal pipe size or
less.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 4 of 14

5.3.2. Intensifying screens of lead-foil type or cassette screen type shall be used. The screens shall
have a minimum thickness of 0.125 mm (0.005"). They shall be of the same approximate
dimensions as the film being used and shall be in direct intimate contact with the film during
exposure. The screens used shall be handled carefully to avoid dents, scratches, grease or
dirt. Screens rendering non-relevant indications on radiographs shall be visually examined
and discarded if physical damage is observed. Exception to 5.3.2 is permitted when Ready
Pack or Roll Pack with integral screens is used.
Under no circumstances shall screens which emit visible light be used.
5.4. Processing Requirements
5.4.1. All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other artifacts to be extent that
they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the object being
radiographed. Such artifacts include but are not limited to:
5.4.1.1.
5.4.1.2.
5.4.1.3.
5.4.1.4.
5.4.1.5.

Fogging.
Processing defects such as water or chemical marks.
Scratches, finger marks, crimps, static smudges or tears.
Loss of detail due to poor film contact.
False indications due to defective Screens.

5.4.2. Processing-Manual (According to SE-94)

5.4.2.1.

PreparationNo more film should be processed than can be accommodated with a minimum
separation of 1/2 in. (12.7mm). Hangers are loaded and solutions stirred before
starting development.

5.4.2.2.

Start of DevelopmentStart the timer and place the films into the developer tank. Separate to a minimum
distance of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) and agitate in two directions for about 15 s.

5.4.2.3.

DevelopmentNormal development is 5 to 8 min. at 68F (20C)

5.4.2.4.

AgitationShake the film horizontally and vertically, ideally for a few seconds each minute
during development. This will help film develop evenly.

5.4.2.5.

RinsingRinse the films with vigorous agitation in clear water.

5.4.2.6.

FixingThe films must not touch one another in the fixer. Agitate the hangers vertically for
about 10s and again at the end of the first minute, to ensure uniform and rapid
fixation. Keep them in the fixer until fixation is complete (that is, at least twice the
clearing time), but not more than 15 min. in relatively fresh fixer. Frequent agitation
will shorten the time of fixation.

5.4.2.7.

Fixer NeutralizingUse a hypo eliminator or fixer neutralizer between fixation and washing.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 5 of 14

5.4.2.8.

WashingWashing is very slow below 60F (16C). When washing at temperatures above 85F
(30C), care should be exercised not to leave films in the water too long. The films
should be washed in batches without contamination from new film brought over from
the fixer. If pressed for capacity, as more films are put in the wash, partially washed
film should be moved in the direction of the inlet.

5.4.2.9.

Wetting AgentDip the film for approximately 30s in a wetting agent added clear water.

5.4.2.10.

DryingTake precaution to tighten film on hangers, so that it cannot touch in the dryer. Too
hot a drying temperature at low humidity can result in uneven drying and should be
avoided.

5.5. Viewing Facilities for Radiographs:

Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause
troublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiograph. Equipment used to view
radiographs for interpretation shall provide a variable light source sufficient for the designated wire
to be visible for the specified density range. The viewing conditions shall be such that light from
around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming through low-density portions of the radiograph
does not interfere with interpretation.
Personnel performing radiographic interpretation shall be in the darkened area for at least 5 min.
prior to performing the interpretation to enable his eyes to adapt for dark viewing.
5.6. Density Limitations
The transmitted film density through the radiographic image adjacent to the designated wire of the
wire IQI and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum for radiographs made with an X-ray source
and 2.0 minimum for radiographs made with a gamma-ray source. The maximum density shall be
4.0.
5.7. Densitometer
Calibrated densitometers shall be used to measure the density of the film which shall be calibrated
with a step wedge calibration film, traceable to a national standard at least every 90 days during
use. A step wedge calibration film having at least 5 steps with neutral densities from at least 1.0
through 4.0, shall be used and shall have been verified within the last year by comparison with a
national standard step tablet. The density steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the national
standard step wedge calibration film shall be read. The densitometer is acceptable if the density
readings do not vary by more than 0.05 density units from the actual stated on the national
standard step wedge calibration film.
Densitometer performance shall be verified as described in Para 5.7 at the beginning of each shift
or after 8 hr. of continuous use.
5.8. Back Scatter
A lead symbol "B" with minimum dimension of inch in height and 1/16 inch in thickness shall be
attached to the back of each film holder during each exposure to determine if back scatter radiation
is exposing the film. If a light image of the "B" appears on a darker background of the film, the
radiograph is rejectable and shall be reshot after ensuring adequate backscatter protection. The
appearance of a dark image of letter B shall be disregarded, unless the dark image could mask or
be confused with rejectable weld defects and is unacceptable.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 6 of 14

6. IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHS
6.1. General
A system of Radiographic identification shall be used to produce a permanent and traceable record
of radiographs to individual welds. The radiograph shall contain the plant or job number, line or
equipment number, weld number, the date on which the radiograph was shot and welders symbol.
Subsequent radiographs made by reasons of a repaired area shall be identified with a letter R
and a number following the R indicating first, second, etc., sequence of repair radiographs when
the same weld is repaired more than once.
6.2. Location
Location markers shall be placed outside the weld area. The radiographic image of the location
markers for the coordination of the part with the area of interest shall appear on the film without
interfering with the area of interest and with such an arrangement that it is evident that complete
coverage was obtained. The location markers shall be placed at approximately equal intervals not
exceeding 15 inches (refer to Para 13.1).
6.2.1. Double-Wall Technique: When using a double-wall technique and the welds in both walls is
viewed for acceptance, and the entire image of the object being radiographed is shown on
the radiograph, only one location marker shall be used. The marker used for this type of
technique shall be either numbers or letters. They shall be placed on the source side or on
the film side.
6.2.2. Series of Radiographs: For welds that require a series of radiographs to cover the full
length or circumference of the weld, the complete set of location markers shall be applied at
one time, wherever possible. A reference or zero position for each series shall be identified
on the component. For pipe or tube welds greater than 3" a number belt shall be used.
The number belt shall consist of lead numbers between " and " in height.
Number spacing shall be as follows:
Nominal Pipe Diameter
Over 3" through 8"
8" and above

Spacing
1" (2.5 cm) apart
4" (10 cm) apart

6.2.3. Similar Welds: On similar type of welds on a single component, the sequence and spacing of
the location markers shall conform to a uniform system that shall be positively identified and
agreed by the client.

7. Image Quality Indicators

7.1. General
The quality of all levels of radiographic testing shall be determined by a set of wire IQIs that
confirms to the requirements of method E-747 Article 22, ASME Section V
(refer Para 4 of SE-747).
The IQIs to be used shall be of ASTM wire type for ASME job. The ASTM wire type IQI are
available in four sets each containing 6 wires of various thickness. These are:

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date

:
:
:
:

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 7 of 14

ASTM WIRE IQIs

Wire Diameters, in. (mm)
Set A
0.0032 (0.08)A
0.004 (0.10)
0.005 (0.13)
0.0063 (0.16)
0.008 (0.20)
0.010 (0.25)

Wire
1
2
3
4
5
6

Set B
0.010 (0.25)
0.013 (0.33)
0.016 (0.41)
0.020 (0.51)
0.025 (0.64)
0.032 (0.81)

Wire
6
7
8
9
10
11

Set C
0.032 (0.81)
0.040 (1.02)
0.050 (1.27)
0.063 (1.60)
0.080 (2.03)
0.100 (2.54)

Wire
11
12
13
14
15
16

Set D
0.100 (2.54)
0.126 (3.20)
0.160 (4.06)
0.200 (5.08)
0.250 (6.35)
0.320 (8.13)

Wire
16
17
18
19
20
21

Note: AThe 0.0032 wire may be used to establish a special quality level as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.

For jobs other than ASME coded, the IQIs to be used shall be of DIN wire type or European standard EN
462-1 of which there are three sets, each containing 7 wires of various thicknesses. These are:
1 ISO 7
DIAMETER OF WIRE (mm)
CORRESPONDING NUMBER
6 ISO 12
DIAMETER OF WIRE (mm)
CORRESPONDING NUMBER
10 ISO 16
DIAMETER OF WIRE (mm)
CORRESPONDING NUMBER
Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm

3.20

2.50

2.00

1.60

1.25

1.00

0.80

1.00

0.80

0.63

0.50

0.40

0.32

0.25

10

11

12

0.40

0.32

0.25

0.20

0.16

0.125

0.1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

EN 462-1 contains similar provisions for wire image quality indicators as E 747. The
wire diameters and system of numbering follow the DIN practice.
7.2. The material of IQIs shall be of a similar radiographic density to that of the material being
radiographed.
7.2.1. The quality levels required using wire IQIs system shall be equivalent to the 2-2T level of
method E-142/or practice E-1025, Article 22 Sec. V for hole type IQIs. The table T-276
Article 2 Sec. V provides a list of various hole type IQIs and the diameter of the wires of
corresponding EPS (Equivalent IQI Sensitivity) with the applicable 2T holes in the IQI. This
table shall be used for determining 2T quality levels unless otherwise specified by the client.
7.2.2. The IQI selection shall be based on the nominal wall thickness of the base material plus the
reinforcement. Internal protrusions of single level welds, backing rings or strips shall be
disregarded in the selection of the required IQI wire size. Reinforcement shall not exceed
maximum permitted by referencing code section. Reinforcement shall be based on
estimated measurement and not actual measurement. In general the following shall apply:
7.2.2.1.

Panoramic, Single Wall - Single Image and Double Wall Single Image techniques,
the required wire size shall be based on the one-wall thickness plus onereinforcement where such reinforcement is not ground off.

7.2.2.2.

Double Wall Double View Elliptical techniques, the required wire size shall be
based on one-wall thickness plus one-reinforcement where such reinforcement is not
ground off.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 8 of 14

7.2.2.3.

Double Wall-Double View Superimposed techniques, the required wire size shall be
based on one-wall thickness plus one-reinforcements where such reinforcements are
not ground off.

7.2.2.4.

For welds without reinforcement, the required wire size shall be based on the nominal
single wall thickness for all techniques including Elliptical or Superimposed
Technique.

7.3. IQI Selection

IQI shall be wire type and shall be selected to insure that the designated wire required by the
following table shall be included in the IQI pack used. When possible the IQI shall be selected to
insure that there exist wires both above and below the designated wire.
Nominal Single-wall
DIN or EN IQI
ASTM IQI
Material Thickness Range
Source side
Film side
Source side
Film side
in.
mm
Wire number Wire number Wire number Wire number
Up to 0.25, incl.
Up to 6.4, incl.
13
14
5
4
Over 0.25 through 0.375 6.4 through 9.5
12
13
6
5
Over 0.375 through 0.50 9.5 through 12.7
11
12
7
6
Over 0.50 through 0.75
12.7 through 19.0
10
11
8
7
Over 0.75 through 1.00
19.0 through 25.4
9
10
9
8
Over 1.00 through 1.50
25.4 through 38.1
8
9
10
9
Over 1.50 through 2.00
38.1 through 50.8
7
8
11
10
Over 2.00 through 2.50
50.8 through 63.5
6
7
12
11
Over 2.50 through 4.00
63.5 through 101.6
5
6
13
12
Over 4.00 through 6.00
101.6 through 152.4
4
5
14
13
Over 6.00 through 8.00
152.4 through 203.2
2
4
16
14
Over 8.00 through 10.00 203.2 through 254
1
2
17
16

7.4. Placement of IQIs

The IQI(s) shall be placed on source side of the weld so that the length of the wires is
perpendicular to the length of the weld. In those cases where the physical placement of IQI on the
source side is not possible, the IQIs shall be placed on the film side. If the IQI is placed on the film
side, it shall always accompany a lead letter "F" at least as high as the IQI identification numbers.
Only that portion of the weld adjacent to the film when the IQI is placed on the film side of the
object is being radiographed, shall be viewed for acceptance for the radiographic technique. This
includes 3" and under piping. The identification numbers and, when used, the lead letter "F" shall
not be in the area of interest.
7.5. Number of IQIs
7.5.1. One IQI shall represent an area within which radiographic densities are not less than 15%
from that measured through the body of the IQI. At least one IQI shall be present on the
radiograph except as noted below.
7.5.2. When film density, in the area of interest, varies by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from
the density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire IQI within the maximum/minimum
allowable density ranges specified in Para 5.6, then an additional IQI shall be used for each
exceptional area or areas and the radiograph shall be retaken.
7.5.3. At least one IQI image shall appear on each radiograph except as outlined below:

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 9 of 14

7.5.3.1.

For DWE/SWV or SWE/SWV techniques requiring multiple exposures for complete

inspection of the weld, and where the length of the film to be interpreted is greater
than 127 mm (5 in.), two IQIs placed across the weld and perpendicular to the weld
length shall be used. One shall be within 1 in. of the end of the film length and the
other shall be at the center of the film to be interpreted. When the film length to be
interpreted is 5 in. or less, one IQI shall be placed across the weld and perpendicular
to the weld length at the center to be interpreted.

7.5.3.2.

If more than one IQI is used because of density requirements, one shall be placed in
the lightest area of interest and the other in the darkest area of interest. The
intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having acceptable
density if the required wire is visible in each IQI.

7.5.3.3.

For panoramic radiography involving a complete circumferential weld, four (4) equally
spaced IQIs at 90 intervals shall be placed.

7.5.3.4.

When the source is placed in the axis of the circumference and a portion of that
circumference (four or more continuous locations) is radiographed during a single
exposure, at least 4 IQIs placed approximately equidistant apart shall be used.

7.5.3.5.

Where portions of longitudinal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are being
radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld, additional IQIs shall be
placed on the longitudinal welds at the ends of sections most remote from the
position of the source used to radiograph the circumferential weld.

7.5.4. For radiography performed in accordance with API-1104 and the technique is either DWSI or
SWSI (non-panoramic) at least two IQIs shall be used for each exposure. One IQI shall be
located approximately in the center of the film. The other shall be located with the smallest
wire approximately 1 inch from either end of the area of interest. Radiography of repairs shall
include an IQI for each repair or area of repair.

8. Radiographic Techniques
8.1. Single-Wall Technique: Except as stated below radiography shall be performed using a technique
in which the radiation passes through only one wall.
8.2. Double-Wall Technique for Circumferential Welds: For circumferential welds 3" O.D or less, a
technique shall be used in which the radiation passes through both walls and both walls are
viewed for acceptance on the same film. Unless otherwise specified, either elliptical or
superimposed projections shall be used.
8.2.1. For elliptical projections, where the weld is not superimposed, at least two views separated
by 90 shall be taken. If design or access restrictions prevail from taking 90 separate views,
agreement between the contracting parties shall specify the necessary weld coverage.
8.2.2. For superimposed projections a minimum of three views shall be taken at approximately 0,
60, and 120.
8.3. For circumferential welds greater than 3" O.D, a technique shall be used in which only single-wall
viewing is performed. Sufficient exposures shall be taken to ensure complete coverage.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 10 of 14

9. Direction of Radiation & Geometric Unsharpness:

9.1. Direction of central beam of radiation shall be centered perpendicularly toward the center of the
effective area of the film or to a plane tangent to the center of the film, to the maximum extent
possible, except for the double-wall exposure _ double-wall viewing elliptical technique.
9.2. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable job order or contract, the geometric unsharpness shall
not exceed the following limits:
Material, thickness (in.)

Ug, maximum in.(mm)

Under 2 (50)
2 through 3 (50-75)
Over 3 through 4 (75-100)
Greater than 4 (100)

0.020 (0.51)
0.030 (0.76)
0.040 (1.02)
0.070 (1.78)

Geometric unsharpness shall be determined in accordance with

Ug = Fd/D
Where, Ug = geometric unsharpness
F = size of the radiation source
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed
d = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film
Final acceptance of radiographs shall be based on the ability to see the designated IQI wire image.
The unsharpness may be of less consequence as t/d ratio increases.

10. SAFETY
10.1. General
All classified personnel shall wear a film badge and a fully charged pocket dosimeter whenever in
a classified radiation area. In additional they shall always maintain an operable survey meter in the
radiation area and use it to verify that the area is safe. They shall perform Radiography in complete
accordance with the Radiation Safety Manual Amsyco-100-003. Copies of this procedure will be
maintained at all sites where radiography is being performed and where radiographic isotopes are
stored.
10.2. Radiation Area
The area where radiography is being performed shall be cordoned off (or otherwise barricaded)
and signposted in Arabic and English to prevent accidental entry by unauthorized personnel (refer
to Para 13.2). An operator shall remain in view of the cranking unit of the exposure device at a
safe distance while the exposure is being made, in order to retract the source in the event of
unauthorized entry into the radiation area.
10.3. Collimators
Collimators shall always be used when practical.
10.4. Safety Procedures
Detailed safety procedures for the use, handling and storage of radioactive materials are given in
the AMSYCO Safety Manual (Amsyco-100-003). Radiography personnel shall be familiar with this
document.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 11 of 14

11. EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

11.1. The produced radiographic films shall meet Saudi Aramco requirements and shall be in
accordance with SAEP-1143.
11.2. Radiographic Film Quality: All radiographs shall be free of mechanical, chemical, handling-related
or other blemishes which could mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the
area of interest on the radiograph. If any doubt exists as to the true nature of an indication
exhibited by the film, the radiograph shall be rejected and reshot.
11.3. Radiographs shall be interpreted only in those areas in which IQI(s) have established that a
suitable radiographic technique has been used. Acceptance or rejection of a weld or part shall be
based on Appendix B.
11.4. Composite viewing of double film exposure is not permitted on Saudi Aramco Projects.
11.5. Client and/or company reserve the right to final interpretation and evaluation of radiographs.

12. RECORDS
The following radiographic records shall be maintained as agreed between the client and AMSYCO.
12.1.

Weld identifications, BI or Job No.

12.2.

Radiographic Standard Shooting Sketch

12.3.

Weld Repair Documentation

12.4.

acceptance criteria used

12.5.

isotope type used

12.6.

strength of isotope

12.7.

isotope physical source size

12.8.

Film Used (manufacturer and type/designation)

12.9.

Film processing method

12.10. IQI used and required wire size to be recorded on Radiographic Testing Report
12.11. Base material type and thickness
12.12. source-to-object distance
12.13. distance from source side of object to film
12.14. Film interpretation record shall contain as a minimum the following information:
12.14.1. Disposition of each radiograph (acceptable or rejectable)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 12 of 14

12.14.2. If rejectable, cause for rejection (slag, crack, porosity, lack of fusion, incomplete
penetration, etc.)
12.14.3. Surface indication verified by visual examination (grinding marks, weld ripple, splatter, etc.)
12.15. Name and Signature of the film interpreter, date and RTFI No.
12.16. Names of Radiographers and badge nos. (Or company employee no.)

13. ATTACHMENT
13.1. Sketch showing location markers and arrow markers
13.2. Radiation Warning Sign Board
13.3. Sample Radiographic Report

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

13.1

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 13 of 14

Sketch showing Location Markers and Arrow Markers

13.2 Radiation warning sign boards

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

13.3 Radiographic Testing Report

:
:
:
:

AMSYCO 200-004
07
July 15, 2007
Sept 01, 1993
P A G E 14 of 14

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 1 of 18

TECHNIQUE SHEET FOR

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

1.

Gamma Ray Camera

: Amersham/Sentinel 660A or 660B

: Sentinel 880

2.

Radiation source and source size

: Iridium-192, 3 mm X 3 mm

3.

Geometrical Arrangement

: See Appendix - A

4.

Films

: Agfa Type I / II or Equivalent

5.

Intensifying screens

: Lead Screens 0.125 mm (Front & Back)

6.

Applicable Reference Code / Procedure

: a) ASME Sec. V and ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1

: b) AMSYCO Procedure No. 200 - 04 Rev. 05

7.

Acceptance Standard

: ASME Sec. VIII Div.1, API 1104, AWS D1.1,

ASME B31.3 - as specified. (for acceptance
details see Appendix B).

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 2 of 18
Appendix A: (Page 1 of 2)

SINGLE-WALL Radiographic Technique

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 3 of 18
Appendix A: (Page 2 of 2)

DOUBLE-WALL Radiographic Technique

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 4 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 1 of 15)

ASME SEC. I, SEC VIII DIV. I, ASME B31.1, API 650

1.1 Acceptance / Rejection Criteria summary (Elongated Indications)
Below mentioned table provides a cross-referenced comparison of the acceptance and rejection
criteria of ASME Section I, ASME B31.1, and ASME Section VIII Div. I, API 650.
Acceptance / Rejection criteria for ASME/ANSI B31.1 is referred by code to ASME Section I. The
following table defines the levels of acceptability unless otherwise indicated.
ASME Sec I
ASME B31.1

ASME Sec VIII, Div.1

Para UW-51, API 650

ASME Sec VIII, Div.1

Para UW-52

Crack

None

None

None

Lack of Fusion

None

None

None

Incomplete Penetration

None

None

None

INDICATIONS

Elongated

Acceptable limits:
for t upto
t for t from to 2
for t > 2

Acceptable limits:
for t upto
t for t from to 2
for t > 2

Rejectable if length > t

where t is the thickness
of the weld.

Rejectable if aggregate
length > t in a length of 12t
except when the distance
between the successive
indications exceeds 6L
where L is the length of the
longest imperfection.

Acceptable if the sum of

the longest dimensions
of all such indications is
less than t in a length of
6t
&
the
longest
indications are separated
by 3L where L is the
length of the longest
indication. The maximum
length of acceptable
indication shall be .
Any
such
indication
shorter than shall be
acceptable
for
plate
thickness.

Any group of aligned

indication

Rejectable if sum of
length > t in a length of
12t except when the
distance
between
successive indications
is 6L where L is the
length of the longest
imperfection.

Porosity & Rounded

Indications

Rounded indications are

Refer to section 1.2 of Refer to section 1.2 of this
not a factor unless 100%
this Appendix B.
Appendix B.
examination is required.

Tungsten

Rounded
tungsten
inclusions are to be
evaluated as rounded
Refer to section 1.2 of Refer to section 1.2 of this
indications per UW-51.
this Appendix B.
Appendix B.
Elongated and aligned
tungsten inclusions are
unacceptable.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 5 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 2 of 15)

1.2 Acceptance Criteria - Rounded Indications

As specified in the ASME Section 1, appendix A250; ASME Code Section VIII Div. 1, Appendix 4;
ASME B31.1 (by reference to Sec. 1); and API 650 (by reference to Sec.VIII), the following terms and
definitions apply when considering rounded indications. Note that for ASME Sec VIII Div.1; only UW51 (Full Radiography) includes rounded indication as a factor for consideration. Paragraph UW-52
(spot Radiography) of ASME Section VIII Div. 1, does not consider rounded indications as a factor for
acceptance / rejection consideration.
1.2.1

Rounded Indications. Indications with a maximum length of three times the width or
less on the radiograph are defined as rounded indications. These indications may be
circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape and may have tails. When evaluating
the size of and indication, the tail shall be included. The indication may be from any
imperfection in the weld, such as porosity, slag, or tungsten. (Appendix 4, Para 4-2a;
Appendix A, Para 250.2.1). Rounded tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated to the
same criteria as porosity, slag or other rounded indications.

1.2.2

Aligned Indications. A sequence of four (4) or more rounded indications shall be

considered to be aligned when they touch a line parallel to the length of the weld
drawn through the center of the two outer rounded indications. (Appendix 4, Para 4-2b;
Appendix A, Para 250.2.2). Aligned tungsten indications regardless of size and length
are to be repaired.

1.2.3

Thickness t. t is the thickness of the weld, excluding any allowable reinforcement.

For a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t is the
thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the
thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t. (Appendix 4, Para 4.2c,
Appendix A, Para 250.2.3)

1.2.4

Relevant indications. Indications which exceed the following dimensions shall be

considered relevant:
1/10 to for t <
1/64 for = t =
1/32 for = t = 2
1/16 for t > 2

1.2.5

Maximum Size of Rounded Indications shall be 1/4t or 5/32. Which ever is smaller,
except that an isolated indication separated from an adjacent indication by 1 or more
may be t or which ever is less. For t greater than 2, the maximum permissible
size of an isolated indication shall be increased to .

1.2.6 Clustered Indications. Indications are classified by their orientation and proximity to
other indications, such indications can be isolated, aligned, random or clustered.
Typically, clustered indications will have four (4) times the number of individual
indications as that of random indications in a unit area. The following pictorial taken
from the ASME Rounded Indication Charts represents the maximum allowable for
clustered or indications. For acceptance criteria determination in accordance with
ASME Sec. 1, ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1, ASME B31.1 and API 650, refer to the
Rounded Indication. Charts given in Appendix A of ASME Sec 1 or Appendix 4 of
ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1. Clustered tungsten inclusions are to be removed
regardless of size.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 6 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 3 of 15)

ASME Rounded indication Charts

The
rounded
indications
characterized
as
imperfections shall not exceed that shown in the
Rounded Indication Charts included as Appendices
to ASME Sec. 1 or ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1.

Random

Clustered

Typical Maximum

Typical Maximum

Examples of rounded and clustered indications above are not to be used for film interpretations,
but are provided only as a reference. For acceptance or rejection of rounded indications, refer
to the referenced Code section Rounded Indication Charts listed herein. Special consideration
should be given to the fact that photocopy reproduction may distort, enlarge or reduce the
resulting image depending on the photocopy machine, optional settings, and quality of the
originals. The charts for each thickness range represent full-scale 6 radiograph, and shall not
be enlarged or reduced.

Thickness t, (in.)
Less than 1/8
1/8
3/16

5/16
3/8
7/16

9/16
5/8
11/16
to 2, incl.
Over 2

Radiographic Indication
Random
Isolated
t
1/3 t
0.031
0.042
0.047
0.063
0.063
0.083
0.078
0.104
0091
0.125
0.109
0.146
0.125
0.168
0.142
0.188
0.156
0.210
0.156
0.230
0.156
0.250
0.156
0.375

Maximum Size of Non-relevant

Indication, (in.)
1/10 t
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.063

ROUNDED INDICATIONS
Minimum size of Acceptable Rounded Indications, in.
(Porosity Charts are included from page 4 to page 9 of Appendix B)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 7 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 4 of 15)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 8 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 5 of 15)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 9 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 6 of 15)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 10 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 7 of 15)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 11 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 8 of 15)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 12 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 9 of 15)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 13 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 10 of 15)

API 1104, ASME/ANSI B31.4, ASME/ANSI B31.8

The following table is applicable in determining the size and type of discontinuities when viewing
radiographs for final acceptance in accordance with API 1104
Note: Acceptance / Rejection criteria for ASME/ANSI B31.4 and ASME/ANSI B31.8 is referred by
these codes to API 1104.
INDICATION/DEFECT
CRITERIA
Inadequate Penetration Unacceptable if:
without High-Low (IP)
1. Length of an individual indication of IP>1.
2. Aggregate length of indications of IP in any continuous 12 of Weld >
1.
3. Aggregate length of indications of IP exceeds 8% in welds less than
12 in length.
Inadequate Penetration Unacceptable if:
due to High-Low (IPD)
1. Length of individual IPD > 2
2. Aggregate length of indications of IPD > 3 in any continuous 12 of
weld.
Inadequate
Cross Unacceptable if:
Penetration (ICP)
1. Length of individual ICP > 2.
2. Aggregate length of ICP in any continuous 12 length of weld > 2.
Incomplete Fusion (IF)
Unacceptable if:
1. Length of an individual indication of IF > 1.
2. Aggregate length of indications of IF in any 12 of weld > 1.
3. Aggregate length of indications of IF > 8% in welds less than 12 in
length.
Incomplete Fusion due Unacceptable if:
to Cold Lap (IFD)
1. Length of an individual IFD > 2.
2. Aggregate length of indications of IFD in any continuous 12 of weld >
2.
3. Aggregate length of indications of IFD > 8% of weld length.
Internal Concavity (IC)
Acceptable provided RT image density < RT image density of thinnest
adjacent base metal. Where image density > base metal density, refer to
Burn-through criteria.
Burn-Through (BT)
Pipe OD > 2-3/8
Pipe OD < 2-3/8
Unacceptable if:
Unacceptable if:
1. Maximum dimension > & 1. Maximum dimension > &
image density > thinnest adjacent
image density > thinnest
base metal.
adjacent base metal.
2. Maximum dimension > thinner of 2. Maximum dimension > thinner
nominal WT joined & image
of nominal WT joined & image
density > thinnest adjacent base
density > thinnest adjacent
metal.
base metal.
3. Sum of maximum dimension of 3. More than 1 BT of any size &
separate BTs whose image
image density of more than
density exceeds the thinnest
one > thinnest adjacent base
adjacent base metal > in 12 of
metal.
welding or total weld which ever is
greater.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 14 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 11 of 15)

Pipe OD < 2
Unacceptable if:

Slag Inclusions
Elongated (ESI)
Isolated (ISI)
Note: ESI indications separated
by approx. width of root bead
(wagon tracks) to be considered
as a single indication unless the
width of either > 1/32. In that
event, they shall be considered
as separate indications.

Pipe OD > 2
Unacceptable if:
1. ESI length > 2.
2. Aggregate length of ESI > 2
in any 12 length of weld.
3. ESI width > 1/16.
4. Aggregate of the lengths of ISI
> in any 12 length of weld
5. Width of ISI > .
6. More than 4 ISI with maximum
width of in any 12 of weld
7. Aggregate length of ESI & ISI
> 8% of weld length

Porosity Individual/Scattered (P)

NOTE: Size based on maximum
dimensions

Unacceptable if:
1. Size of individual pore >
2. Size of individual pore > 25% of thinner WT joined
3. Distribution of Porosity exceeds API 1104 Porosity Charts.
CP that occurs in the finish pass should be unacceptable if:
1. Diameter of the cluster > .
2. Aggregate length of CP > in 12 length of weld.
3. Individual pore within a cluster > 1/16.
Unacceptable if:
1. Length of individual HB >
2. Aggregate length of HB > 2 in any continuous 12 length of weld
3. Individual HB > separated by less than 2
4. Aggregate length of HB > 8% weld length.
Any size or location of cracks are unacceptable except for shallow crater or
star cracks. Shallow crater or star crack length > 5/23 is unacceptable.
Unacceptable if:
1. Any combination EU & IU length > 2 in any continuous 12 of weld.
2. Sum of EU & IU lengths in any combination > 1/6 of weld length
Individual tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated as rounded indications
(Porosity). Elongated or aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.
Unacceptable if:
1. Sum lengths of indication > 2 in any continuous 12 of weld
2. Sum lengths of indication > 8% of weld length.
Arc burns, long seam discontinuities and other discontinuities in the pipe or
fittings detected by RT shall be recordable.

Cluster Porosity (CP)

CP that occurs in any pass
except final pass shall comply
as above.
Porosity HollowBead (HB)

Cracks (C)
Undercutting
Adjacent to cover pass (EU)
Adjacent to root pass (IU)
Tungsten Inclusions
Accumulation of Discontinuities
Excluding IPD, EU & IU
Pipe / Fitting Discontinuities

1. ESI > 3 X nominal WT of the

thinner thickness joined
2. ESI width > 1/16
3. Aggregate length of ISI > 2 X
nominal
WT
of
thinner
thickness joined and ISI width
> nominal WT of thinner
thickness joined
4. Aggregate length of ESI & ISI
> 8% of weld length.

1. In addition to the IQI, a shim of 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 mm thick shall be placed on the base metal adjacent to
the weld.
2. In addition to those requirements any area which shows weld image lighter than the image under the
shim shall be cause for reject.
Root Penetration
(RT or visual)

Service
General

Maximum Reinforcement
3 mm or less
3 6 mm
over 6 mm
Internally coated
2.5 mm or less
Over 2.5 mm

Acceptable Length
any
25mm maximum
none
any
none

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 15 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 12 of 15)

AWS D1.1
Radiographic acceptance criteria for AWS D1.1 are different for Statically Loaded and Dynamically
Loaded structures. This AIP covers only statically loaded structures. For Dynamically Loaded
structures, refer to the appropriate sections of AWS D1.1. If there is doubt as to the designation of
statically or dynamically loaded, refer to the project engineer for determination. The radiographic film
interpreter should confirm the loading classification prior to proceeding the interpretation of film.
Rejection criteria for each classification are provided below. Note that to determine the allowable and
rejectable size of discontinuities, the use of both the tables and charts are required.
3.1 Statistically Loaded Structures
Discontinuities exceeding the following limitations shall be unacceptable

INDICATION

REJECTION CRITERIA

Cracks
Elongated Discontinuities
Clearance between discontinuities
Rounded Discontinuities

None permitted
> Maximum size of chart 6 1
< Minimum clearance allowance of fig 6 1
> E/3 or for T 2
>E/3 or 3/8 for T > 2
Minimum
clearance
between
a
rounded
discontinuity 3/32 to an acceptable rounded or
elongated discontinuity or to an edge or end of an
intersection shall be three (3) times the larger
discontinuity.
Sum of greatest dimension > maximum size of a
single discontinuity permitted in Fig. 6 1.
Minimum clearance to another cluster or elongated
discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersecting
shall be three (3) times the larger discontinuity.
Sum > 3/23 shall not exceed 2E/3 or 3/8 which
ever is less in 1 of weld.
Sum > E in any length of 6E, where length of weld
is < 6E, permissible sum shall be proportionately
less.
Individual tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated
as rounded indications (Porosity). Elongated or
aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.

Isolated Discontinuity, i.e. a cluster of

rounded indications

Sum of individual discontinuities

In-Line Discontinuities
Tungsten inclusions

REJECTION CRITERIA FOR STATISTICALLY LOADED STRUCTURES (AWS D1.1)

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 16 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 13 of 15)

Weld Quality Requirements for ELONGATED Discontinuities as determined by Radiography

FOR STATISTICALLY LOADED STRUCTURES.
Note: Figure 6.6 & Para 6.12.3 of AWS D1.1 (2006) shall be referred to for Acceptance Criteria for Tubular Connections.

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 17 of 18

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

Appendix B: (Page 14 of 15)

ASME B31.3
4.1 The type of weld joints and service conditions shall be considered to determine the method of
NDE required Table, inclusive of code required NDE methods, is to be used with its criterion
notes and is included with this procedure for Radiographic Film Interpretation.
4.2 Particular attention should be given to intended service when interpreting radiographic film for
final acceptance.

BRANCH CONNECTION (NOTE 4)

FILLET (NOTE 4)

LONGITUDINAL GROOVE (NOTE 2)

Category D fluid service

Type of Welds

GIRTH & MITER GROOVE

VISUAL

BRANCH CONNECTION (NOTE 4)

FILLET (NOTE 4)

LONGITUDINAL GROOVE

GIRTH & MITER GROOVE

LIQUID PENETRANT

MAGNETIC PARTICLE

100% RADIOGRAPHY

VISUAL

Criteria (A to M) for weld type, for service conditions, & for Required Insp. Methods
Severe Cyclic condition
Methods
Type of Welds
Method
BRANCH CONNECTION (NOTE 4)

FILLET (NOTE 4)

LONGITUDINAL GROOVE (NOTE 2)

Normal Fluid Service

Type of Welds

GIRTH & MITER GROOVE

SPOT OR RANDOM
RADIOGRAPHY

KIND OF
IMPERFECTIONS

VISUAL

Methods

Crack

Lack of fusion

NA

Incomplete
Penetration
Internal porosity

NA

NA

NA

..

NA

NA

Slag inclusion or
Elongated
Inclusion
Undercutting

..

NA

NA

Surface porosity
or Exposed slag
indication
Surface Finish

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Concave Root
Surface
(Suck Up)
Reinforcement
or Internal
Protrusion

..

NA

NA

..

X = required examination

NA = Not applicable

-- = Not Required

Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date

: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 18 of 18

TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

Appendix B: (Page 15 of 15)

4.3 Acceptance Criteria (For table on Appendix B, page 14 of 15)

Criterion
Symbol
A
B
C
D
E
F

Measure
Extent of imperfection
Depth of Incomplete penetration
Cumulative length of incomplete penetration
Depth of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration
Cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete
penetration (Note 7)
Size and Distribution of internal porosity
Size and Distribution of internal porosity
Slag inclusion or elongated indication
Individual length
Individual width
Cumulative length
Slag inclusion or elongated indication
Individual length
Individual width
Cumulative length
Depth of undercut
Depth of undercut
Surface roughness
Depth of root surface concavity
Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion in any plane
through the weld shall be within limits of the applicable
height value in the tabulation at right. Weld metal shall
merge smoothly into the component surfaces.

H
I
J
K
L

Height of Reinforcement or internal protrusion (Note 8)

Tungsten Inclusions

Acceptable Value Limits (Note 6)

Zero (No evident Imperfection)
< 1/32 in. ((0.8mm) and < 0.2 Tw
< 1.5 in. (38 mm) in any 6 in. (150 mm) weld length
< 0.2 Tw
< 1.5 in. (38 mm) in any 6 in. (150 mm) weld length
See BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1 Appendix 4
For Tw < in. (6.4 mm), limit is same as D
For Tw > in. (6.4 mm), limit is 1.5 X D
< Tw/3
< 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) and < Tw/3
< Tw in any 12 Tw weld length
< 2 Tw
< 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and < Tw/2
< 4 Tw in any 6 in. (150 mm) weld length
< 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) and < Tw/4
< 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) and < Tw/4 or 1/32 in. (0.8 mm)
< 500 min. Ra per ASME B46.1
Total joint thickness include. Weld reinf.,> Tw
Height in. (mm)
For Tw in. (mm)
< 1/16 (1.6)
< (6.4)
< 1/8 (3.2)
> (6.4) < (12.7)
< 5/32 (4.0)
> (12.7) < 1 (25.4)
> 1 (25.4)
< 3/16 (4.8)
Limit is twice the value applicable for L above
To be evaluated as rounded indications.
Elongated or aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.

Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Criteria given are for required examination. More stringent criteria may be specified in the
engineering design.
Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not intended to apply
welds in accordance with a standard listed in table A-1 or Table 326.1 of ASME B31.1.
Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment for slip-on flanges and branch
reinforcement.
Branch connection weld includes pressure-containing welds in branches and fabricated laps.
These imperfections are evaluated only for weld > 3/16 in. (5 mm) in nominal thickness.
Where two limiting values are separated by and the lesser of the values determines acceptable.
Where two sets of values are separated by or the larger value is acceptable.
Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable.
For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces of the
adjacent components. For filler welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat.