Asian Development Bank &

Cambodia
FACT SHEET
Partnerships

Table 1. Cambodia: 2011 Loan,

Technical Assistance,
and Grant Approvals ($ million)
Loans
Sovereign
67.00

Technical
Nonsovereign Assistance Grants Total

4.38
3.00 74.38

= nil.

Table 2. Cambodia: Cumulative ADB

Lending by Sector
as of 31 December 2011a
Sector
Agriculture and
Natural Resources
Education
Energy
Finance
Health and Social Protection
Industry and Trade
Public Sector Management
Transport and ICT
Water Supply and Other
Municipal Infrastructure
and Services
Multisector
Total

Loans Amount
(no.) ($ million)

%b

12
6
6
9
2
2
4
11

192.81 15.61
123.00 9.96
120.77 9.78
105.30 8.53
40.00 3.24
35.60 2.88
50.00 4.05
373.26 30.23

3
3
58

46.26 3.75
147.80 11.97
1,234.80 100.00

Total Disbursements

$979.3 million

ICT = information and communication technology.

Includes sovereign and nonsovereign loans.

Total may not add up because of rounding.

Table 3.Cambodia: Cumulative

Nonsovereign Financing
by Product
Number of Projects
Loans
Equity Investments
Guarantees
B Loans
Total

The long-standing partnership of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) with the
government aims to reduce poverty by promoting inclusive economic growth, social
development, and equity. To contribute to these objectives and strengthen coordination
of assistance, ADB engages in technical working groups with government institutions
and development partners. The aim is to use government systems and to reduce
transaction costs, improving aid effectiveness. ADB cooperates with civil society
organizations in Cambodia to strengthen the effectiveness, quality, and sustainability
of the services it provides. For example, nongovernment organizations were engaged
as independent monitors to oversee rice distribution under the Emergency Food
Assistance Project.

1
Amount ($ million)
8.00

8.00

Operational Challenges
Challenges to sustainable growth and poverty reduction in Cambodia include a narrowly
based economic structure; high costs and lack of infrastructure; limited access to
social services; inadequate access to land, natural resources, and affordable finance;
and governance. However, the Anti-Corruption Law adopted in April 2010 provides
a clear prospect of sanctions against conflicts of interest. Given the wide range of
development issues that need to be addressed and the limited resources, ADB is
exercising greater sector selectivity in its operations from 20112013, focusing on
enhancing rural productivity and incomes.

Future Directions
ADBs Cambodia country partnership strategy, 2011-2013, prioritizes five sectors
transport (rural and provincial roads); water supply, sanitation, and urban development;
agriculture and natural resources (agriculture commercialization and irrigation
support); education (lower secondary schools and vocational training); and finance
(banking regulation, small and medium-sized enterprise finance, microfinance, and
insurance). The country partnership strategy also identifies public sector management
as a facilitating sector, covering public financial management, decentralization and
deconcentration, anticorruption, and capacity development. It also responds to
Cambodias critical challenges (climate change, decentralization, ruralurban linkages,
and regional cooperation) and incorporates five key crosscutting themesprivate
sector development, governance, gender equity, knowledge solutions, and partnerships.

= nil.

As of 31 December 2011

Context
Since joining ADB in 1966, Cambodia has received $1.24 billion
for 58 loans. Most of the assistance has been provided since
ADB resumed operations in Cambodia in 1992, shortly after
the 2 decades of isolation and conflict in the country ended.
Cambodia has made great strides since then. Gross domestic
product growth was robust for the 10 years prior to the global
economic crisis of 2009, and considerable investments have
been made by the government and development partners in the
rural areas, where more than 80% of all Cambodians live.
In 2011, ADB approved $74.38 million in loans, technical
assistance, and grants.

ADB-Supported Projects and Programs

ADB-supported transport development has contributed to
economic growth by reducing travel time and transport
costs. Thanks to new road sections connecting Siem Reap
to Cambodias main border crossing at Poipet, the number of
international tourists who traveled by land from Poipet to Siem
Reap has increased yearly since road conditions improved.
ADB support for the agriculture and natural resources sector
is contributing to improved food security and the sustainable
growth of market-based agriculture. The Northwest Irrigation
Sector Project has completed 12 irrigation schemes covering
approximately 11,000 hectares of land. Farmers have also
received training to improve rice production, and farmer water
user communities were established to help maintain the new
irrigation schemes.
The Emergency Food Assistance Project lessened the
food insecurity caused by the food price rise in 2008 and the
economic crisis in 2009.
ADB financial assistance for the Tonle Sap Environmental
Management and Tonle Sap Sustainable Livelihoods Project in
the Tonle Sap Basin has strengthened the communitys capacity
to manage their natural resources by setting up 196 community
fisheries organizations to demarcate, protect, and manage their
natural resources. It has also helped 37 commune councils
design and implement livelihood interventions to meet their
local needs.
ADB has provided loans and grants to improve access to
and quality of education in Cambodia. ADB funds helped build
329 lower secondary schools, 25 upper secondary schools,
and 26 secondary resource centers to broaden school access to
children in rural areas.
The ongoing Financial Sector Program created more robust
and better-regulated banking and microfinance institutions,
increased public confidence in the banking system, and
spurred borrowing.
Investments in energy, such as the Power Rehabilitation
Project and Provincial Power Supply Project, have provided
reliable connections to nearly 42,000 households.

Table 4. Cambodia: Development Indicators

Non-MDG
Population in millions
Annual population growth rate (%)
Adult literacy rate (%)
Population in urban areas (%)
MDG
Population living on less than $1.25 (PPP) a day (%)
Population living below the national poverty line (%)
Under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 live births
Population using an improved drinking water source (%)

14.52 [2011]
1.5 [20092011]
77.6 [2008]
22.8 [2010]
22.8 [2008]
30.1 [2007]
51 [2010]
64 [2010]

MDG = Millennium Development Goal, PPP = purchasing power parity.

Sources: ADB. 2012. Basic Statistics 2012. Manila;
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 2012. Institute for
Statistics Data Centre;
World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators Online.

Table 5. Cambodia: Economic Indicators, 20072011

Economic Indicator
Per capita GNI, Atlas method ($)
GDP growth (% change per year)
CPI (% change per year)
Unemployment rate (%)
Fiscal balance (% of GDP)
Export growth (% change per year)
Import growth (% change per year)
Current account balance (% of GDP)
External debt (% of GNI)

2007
2008
2009
2010
590
670
700
750
10.2
6.7
0.1
6.0
7.7
25.0
(0.7)
4.0
...
...
...
...
(4.3)
(2.7)
(8.6)
(8.1)
(12.1)
7.6 (14.2) 29.7
(5.3) 12.4 (11.6) 21.7
(7.4) (11.1) (10.3) (10.4)
31.9
30.2
30.1
30.1

2011
...
6.8
5.5
...
(7.6)
35.8
25.9
(7.1)
...

( ) = negative, ... = data not available, CPI = consumer price index, GDP = gross domestic product,
GNI = gross national income.
Sources: ADB. 2012. Asian Development Outlook 2012. Manila;
ADB staff estimates;
World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators Online.

Table 6. Cambodia: Project Success Rates

Sector
Agriculture and Natural Resources
Education
Energy
Finance
Health and Social Protection
Industry and Trade
Public Sector Management
Transport and ICT
Water Supply and Other Municipal
Infrastructure and Services
Multisector
Total
Year of Approval
1990s
2000s

%a
60.00
100.00
100.00
66.67
100.00
100.00
100.00
75.00

No. of Rated
Projects/
Programs
5
3
2
3
2
1
2
4

66.67
100.00
82.14

3
3
28

91.67
75.00

12
16

ICT = information and communication technology.

a

 ased on aggregate results of project/program completion reports (PCRs), PCR validation reports
B
(PCRVRs), and project/program performance evaluation reports (PPERs) using PCRVR or PPER ratings
in all cases where PCR and PCRVR/PPER ratings are available.

Sources: PCRs, PCRVRs, and PPERs containing a rating circulated as of 31 December 2011.

Table 7. Cambodia: Portfolio Performance Quality Indicators

for Sovereign Lending, 20102011
Number of Ongoing Loans (as of 31 Dec 2011)
Contract Awards/Commitmentsa,b
Disbursementsa

2010 ($ million)
34.7
53.5

15
2011 ($ million)
41.5
75.3

2010 ($ million)
20.1
17.9

15
2011 ($ million)
21.7
50.0

Number of Ongoing Grants (as of 31 Dec 2011)c

Contract Awards/Commitmentsa,b
Disbursementsa
Project at Risk (%)
Note: Totals may not add up because of rounding.
a

Includes closed loans that had contract awards or disbursements during the year.

Excludes policy-based lending/grants.

Includes only ADF and other ADB Special Funds.

14.3

Cofinancing
Cofinancing operations enable ADBs financing partners,
government or their agencies, multilateral financing institutions,
and commercial organizations, to participate in the financing of
ADB projects. The additional funds are provided in the form
of official loans and grants, and commercial cofinancing,
such as B loans, risk transfer arrangements, parallel loans,
and cofinancing for transactions under the ADBs Trade
Finance Program.
By the end of 2011, cumulative direct value-added official
cofinancing for Cambodia amounted to $240.2 million for
28 investment projects, and $35.1 million for 47 technical
assistance projects.
In 2011, the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience under
the Strategic Climate Fund provided $7.0 million grant
and $10.0million loan cofinancing for Provincial Roads
Improvement. In addition, the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction
provided $1.9 million grant cofinancing for Improving Market
Access for the Poor in Central Cambodia.
A summary of projects with cofinancing from 1 January
2007 to 31 December 2011 is available at www.adb.org/
countries/cambodia/cofinancing

Nonsovereign Operations
As a catalyst for private investments, ADB provides direct
financial assistance to nonsovereign public sector and private
sector projects in the form of direct loans, equity investments,
guarantees, B loans, and trade finance. Since its inception,
ADB has approved one private sector project in the energy
sector amounting to $8 million. The outstanding balance of
this private sector transaction in Cambodia as of
31December2011 was $4million, representing 0.1% of
ADBs total nonsovereign portfolio.

Procurement
From 1 January 1968 to 31 December 2011, contractors
and suppliers were involved in 197,338 contracts for ADB
loan projects worth $109.78 billion. During the same period,
contractors and suppliers from Cambodia were involved in
1,919 contracts for ADB loan projects worth $453.64 million.
From 1 January 1968 to 31 December 2011, consultants
were involved in 12,179 contracts for ADB loan projects
worth $4.81 billion. During the same period, consultants from
Cambodia were involved in 119 contracts for ADB loan projects
worth $18.68 million.
From 1 January 1968 to 31 December 2011, consultants
were involved in 24,484 contracts for ADB technical assistance
projects worth $3.42 billion. During the same period, consultants
from Cambodia were involved in 266 contracts for ADB technical
assistance projects worth $7.25 million.

Table 8. Cambodia: Projects Cofinanced,

1 January 200731 December 2011
Cofinancing
Projectsa
Grants
Official loans
Technical Assistance Grants
a

No. of Projects
12
10
6
9

Amount ($ million)
146.96
66.34
80.62
15.05

A project with more than one source of cofinancing is counted once.

Table 9. Cambodia: Share of ADBs Procurement Contracts

2010
Amount % of
Item
($ million) Total
Goods and Works
22.97
0.35
Consulting Services
0.33
0.08

2011
Amount % of
($ million) Total
35.05
0.49
0.79
0.19

Cumulative
(as of 31 Dec 2011)
Amount % of
($ million) Total
453.64
0.41
25.93
0.32

Table 10. Cambodia: Contractors/Suppliers Involved in ADB Loan

Projects, 1 January 200731 December 2011
Contractor/Supplier
Sok Sokha Co., Ltd.
Tan Kim Eng Construction Co., Ltd.
Envisioning Co., Ltd.
R.M. Asia Co., Ltd.
KBH Construction Co., Ltd.
SBPH Engineering and
Construction Co., Ltd.
Sayimex Co., Ltd.
Smart Dragons Group Ltd.
Kim Mex Construction and
Investment Co.
Lim Sarin Co., Ltd. and
Swee Construction

Sector
Transport and ICT
Transport and ICT
Agriculture and Natural Resources
Energy
Agriculture and Natural Resources

Contract Amount
($ million)
10.38
8.74
3.82
3.34
2.95

Education
Agriculture and Natural Resources
Transport and ICT

2.72
2.61
2.34

Health and Social Protection

2.26

Transport and ICT

2.17

Table 11. Cambodia: Top Consultants (Individual Consultants

and Consulting Firms) Involved in ADB Loan Projects,
1 January 200731 December 2011
Consultant
Key Consultants (Cambodia) Ltd.
Cadtis Consultant Co., Ltd.
Health Net International
SBK Research and Development Co., Ltd.
Camconsult Co., Inc. Ltd.
Care International Cambodia
Rural Development & Community Natural
Resources Management
Culture and Environment Preservation
Asso. (CEPA)
Cambodia Community Based Eco-tourism
Network
Individual consultants

Number of Times
Contracted
5
5
1
3
7
1

Contract Amount
($ million)
2.23
1.29
0.55
0.43
0.22
0.12

0.05

0.05

1
10

0.04
0.37

Table 12. Cambodia: Top Consultants (Individual Consultants and

Consulting Firms) Involved in ADB Technical Assistance
Projects, 1 January 200731 December 2011
Consultant
Women for Prosperity
Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI)
Emerging Markets Consulting
Buddhism for Development
Friends-International
Cambodian Centre for Study & Dev
in Agri (CEDAC)
ICS Group Pte Ltd., Cambodia
Individual consultants

Number of Times
Contracted
1
1
1
1
1

Contract Amount
($ million)
0.20
0.12
0.11
0.06
0.05

1
1
109

0.02
0.00
1.65

About Cambodia and ADB

ADB Membership
Joined 1966
Shareholding and Voting Power
Number of shares held:
5,250 (0.05% of total shares)
Votes:
44,740 (0.34% of total membership,

0.52% of total regional membership)
Overall capital subscription:
$80.60 million
Paid-in capital subscription:
$6.72 million

Contacts
Cambodia Resident Mission
29 Suramarit Boulevard (268/19)
Sangkat Chaktomuk, Khan Daun Penh
P.O. Box 2436, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Tel +855 23 215805/215806/216417
Fax +855 23 215807
adbcarm@adb.org
www.adb.org/cambodia

Phil Bowen is the Executive Director and Andrew Collins is the Alternate Executive
Director representing Cambodia on the ADB Board of Directors.

ADB Headquarters
6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City
1550 Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel +63 2 632 4444
Fax +63 2 636 2444

Putu Kamayana is the ADB Country Director for Cambodia. The Cambodia Resident
Mission (CARM) was opened in 1996 and provides the primary operational link between
ADB and the government, private sector, and civil society stakeholders in its activities.
CARM engages in policy dialogue and acts as a knowledge base on development issues
in Cambodia.

Ministry of Economy and Finance

Street 92, Sangkat Wat Phnom
Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Tel +855 23 724664/430702
Fax +855 23 427798/430169/428424

The Cambodia government agency handling ADB affairs is the Ministry of Economy
and Finance.

Useful ADB websites

Asian Development Bank
www.adb.org

About the Asian Development Bank

ADB is a multilateral development bank owned by 67 members, 48 from the region and
19from other parts of the world. ADBs main instruments for helping its developing
member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants,
and technical assistance (TA). In 2011, lending volume was $12.61 billion (104 projects),
with TA at $148 million (212 projects) and grant-financed projects at $614million
(23projects). In addition, $7.7billion was generated in direct value-added cofinancing
in the form of official loans and grants and commercial cofinancing such as B loans,
risk transfer arrangements, parallel loans, and cofinancing for transactions under ADBs
Trade Finance Program. From 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2011, ADBs annual
lending volume averaged $11.34 billion. In addition, TA and investment grants funded by
ADB and special funds resources averaged $755.3 million and $175.0million in TA over
the same period. As of 31 December 2011, the cumulative totals excluding cofinancing
were $179.7 billion in loans for 2,423 projects in 42 countries, $5.0billion in 186 grants,
and $3.3 billion in TA grants, including regional TA grants.

In this publication, $ refers to US dollars. Figures are estimated by ADB unless otherwise cited.
Data are as of 31 December 2011 unless otherwise indicated. Fact sheets are updated annually in April.

Asian Development Outlook

www.adb.org/publications/series/asiandevelopment-outlook
Annual Report
www.adb.org/documents/series/adb-annual-reports
Depository Libraries
www.adb.org/publications/depositories/cam

April 2012