Contents

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 2
1 Understand the principles of strategic marketing management.........................2
1.1

Discuss the role of strategic marketing in an organisation.......................2

1.2

Explain the processes involved in strategic marketing.............................4

1.3

Evaluate the links between strategic marketing and corporate strategy.. 4

2 Understand the tools used to develop a strategic marketing strategy...............4

2.1 Assess the value of models used in strategic marketing planning...............4
2.2 Discuss the links between strategic positioning and marketing tactics........4
2.3 Analyse the merits of relationship marketing in a given strategic marketing
strategy............................................................................................................... 4
3 Be able to use strategic marketing techniques...................................................4
3.1 Use appropriate marketing techniques to ascertain growth opportunities in
a market............................................................................................................. 4
3.2 Plan how to use marketing strategy options in a market..............................4
3.3 Create appropriate strategic marketing objectives for a market..................4
4 Be able to respond to changes in the marketing environment...........................4
4.1 Report on the impact of changes in the external environment on a
marketing strategy............................................................................................. 4
4.2 Conduct an internal analysis to identify current strengths and weaknesses
in a marketing strategy....................................................................................... 4
4.3 Propose strategic marketing responses to key emerging themes in a
marketing strategy............................................................................................. 4
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................... 4
REFERNCE LIST...................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION
An organization's strategy that mixes all its marketing objectives thinking about
individual comprehensive arrangement. An incredible internet marketing
strategy needs to be strained from market study and focus on the correct
product blend so that you can attain the greatest potential revenue and maintain
the company. The internet marketing strategy is the bottom of an advertising
and marketing plan.
This assignment will explain the most important areas of Strategic Marketing
Management with the appropriate examples.

1 Understand the principles of strategic marketing

management
1.1 Discuss the role of strategic marketing in an
organisation.
INFORMATION & SERVICES
As Philip Kotler has correctly believed, The potential is not in advance of us. It
has previously happen.
Nowadays firms must organize their selves for your new market place that is
observed as globalization, hyper rivals, today's technology and empowered
buyer.

The sooner economic system online entrepreneurs laboured relentlessly on

particular setup ideas and concepts that were focused on internal effectiveness
and productivity. But presently the main focus has moved undertaking nicely in
the marketplace alongside rivals and for that reason strategizing for future years.

As more information mill entering your competition, the plethora of getting an

aggressive edge is failing. Entrepreneurs are actually focusing on a number of
factors such as advertising discount rates, prices, packaging, quality and
branding etc to boost that extra however they appear work no longer as
everybody is highlighting on. How do companies compete effectively in the
current industry location could it be to coach the skill of market oriented tactical
organizing, the managing method of creating and looking after a flexible among

the organizations assets, objectives and abilities as well as modifying industry

prospects.

Internet entrepreneurs nowadays need to established cost-free new capabilities

to improve a substantial edge that can make those who win and non winners.
There is also a necessity for those-natural advertising and marketing, provide
towards the around three generally important and demanding fulfilment factors
that are services, Associations and knowledge. Their actual meaning is identified
by basically what ought to be acknowledged is exactly what they symbolically
represent in the current industry. The total amount these concepts is relevant
would change from sector however significance shouldn't be disregarded. (David
A Aaker, 1988)

THE INTENSION OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

Tactical organizing is supposed to give an association, its divisions, divisions or
perhaps persona players having a strategy or guide to attain certain goals and
objectives. Strategic planning identifies interior and exterior opportunities and
effects to think about within the producing of plans and strategies. Coming from
a advertising and marketing point of view, tactical forecast may possibly support
to classify new industry possibilities and also new aggressive pressure.
THE PLANING PROCESS
A body of techniques is concerned in every tactical planning process, including a
strategic marketing development process. These consist of identifying the
around the whole planning objective, selecting crew individuals, accumulating
information linked to the exterior and interior scenario, perform a SWOT (strong
points, threats, opportunities and weaknesses) review, building precise
objectives, creating strategies and strategy, and designing a measuring and
reporting process. In lots of companies, the around the complete tactical
program provides course to the generating of sub-plans, as well as a tactical
marketing prepare. (Richard M. S. Wilson, 2005)
GOALS, OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
The device of the prepared advertising program contains goal and objectives,
approach in addition strategy. goal are wide and present frequent course in
problems of what the marketing organization would much like to accomplish, as
an example an greater open marketplace allocate. Objectives are affixed to offer
and goals much more specific, measurable outcomes -- as an example, boost
market be part of a complete regional location for any clear made goods, with a
certain amount or from a actual day. Strategies and tactics specify how
objectives and goals will probably be fulfilled. Techniques are wide: for instance,
apply a social websites approach.

Proper advertising and marketing requires assembling a concept for the greatest
utilisation of the organizations assets and creating techniques to be able to
meet its company aims. To do this the administrators should think about the

areas or industry industries that they'll plan to target and establish the very best
advertising mixture to satisfy people in most from the target marketplaces or
market segments (Lashwood, Coxhead, Partridge and Blythe Reed & Simms
2005)

Based on the changes on the market and also the consumer preferences proper
marketing is really a method growth and development of the merchandise. This
also includes the modifications available surroundings along with the over-all
economic modifications in your area and worldwide. Proper advertising and
marketing is much more concerned about their functionality as opposed to the
improve in the sales. Additionally, it takes in mind the standard and repair of the
products or services that might be provided to the customer. It's more essential
to produce a lengthy lasting relationship using the customer instead of making a
onetime purchase, based on the Proper marketing. This not merely assures the
customers sustained loyalty but additionally inspires more organization for your
company which ultimately provides it revenue (Cravens & Nigel 2009).
DEVELOPING A STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN
Based on Pride, William & Ferrell (2010), advertising and marketing proper plans
basically an announcement of methods the business intends to compete for
business in the particular market and many marketing methods will be provided
by means of a general marketing strategy. Every organization features its own
method of planning marketing plans and there's not one correct approach that
can be effective for those companies. However a great plan does have many
important features. It ought to:
1. Have a logical structure.
2. Contain explicit marketing objectives which link to corporate objectives.
3. Analyze the environment (both internal and external) and the current
position of the organization.
4. Based on this analysis, identify which combinations or products and
markets the organization will serve and how it will compete
(segmentation, targeting and positioning)
5. Contain specific decisions relating to key marketing variables such as
product, price promotion and place (marketing mix)
6. Conclude with an outline of the appropriate methods for implementing the
identified strategy, including issues relating to budget, accountability and
evaluation.
7. Although the plan needs to provide clear guidelines as to how marketing
activities are to be managed, it should have some flexibility to allow the
organization to adapt and respond to unexpected changes (Ennew & Waite
2006)
Consumer rewards consist of nearly anything a purchaser receives in an
exchange. Hotels and hotels, as an example give a space possessing bedding
together with a bathroom but every single firm items another amount of service,
amenities and atmosphere to meet its site visitors. Hampton hotel offers the
minimal services necessary to retain the efficient and standard, low shown over
night overnight accommodation. In contrast, Ritz Carlton gives every single
imaginable support a guest may possibly wish and aspires to make sure that all
services possess the best high quality. Ritz Carlton utilizes client info and

individual technological innovation to deliver their customers the distinctive

assistance they demand. They give customer preference information and facts
with regard to their methods along with no buyer inquiring, provide the client the
precise kind of assistance they really want (Great pride, William & Ferrell 2010).

1.2 Explain the processes involved in strategic marketing.

An advertising and marketing technique is most effective if this is a valuable part
of company approach, important the way the business resolve effectively engage
clients, forecast, and rivals on the market area, company strategy, business
missions, and business goal. As the customer comprises the origin of the
company's profits, online marketing strategy is carefully related to purchase. A
solution constituent of promoting plan's typically to be advertising and marketing
in demo using a company's overarching project announcement.

An advertising approach manage to supply when the base of an advertising and

marketing prepare. An advertising and marketing strategy includes some certain
steps necessary to efficiently recognize an advertising and marketing strategy.
Meant case in point: "work with a brief charge produce to become a
concentration for clients. earlier our team, by means of our low priced product or
service, has produced a connection with clients, our enterprise will buy and sell
extra, higher-border services or products that get the consumers relationships
while using not expensive item which or assistance."

A technique contains a properly considered sequence of method to generate a

web marketing strategy more efficient. Marketing methods serve as the main
initial step to marketing programs intended to fill up market place wants and
achieve advertising and marketing aims. Plans and objectives are usually
analyzed for measurable effects.

A marketing and advertising approach often blends a business marketing

objective and strategy, together with fulfilment pattern (method) contemplating
a consistent total. Equally, the plethora of strands through the approach that
might consist of advertising and marketing, opening up advertising, online
marketing, support as well as local community organizations realize how to be
orchestrated. Lots of business cascade a technique all through a business, by
creating method plans that then produce thinking of approach objectives for
following period or group. Every one of these group is recognized to purchase
making use of the aim of technique goal and increase your model to accomplish
this target. Because of this it is very important make every single approach
target assessable. (Chernev, 2012)

1.3 Evaluate the links between strategic marketing and

corporate strategy.
Company method signifies the entire range and direction of a corporation and
the way by which its many different organization procedures come together to
accomplish distinct targets.

The realm of planned marketing is viewed as encircling study regarding

managerial, inter-company and environmental trend hesitant with,
(1) the behaviour of organizations available on the market in their associations
with customers, clients, competitor and former external surfaces constituency,
within the context of layout, delivery and communication of goods that offer
benefit to clientele in connections by business,
(2) The overall control responsibilities associated with the limit spanning function
from the advertising function in companies. In the broadest phase, advertising
approach be able to be understood to be an organizations included style of
selections that determine its crucial selections about items, markets, advertising
actions and advertising and marketing resources from the or, creation and
communication shipping of items that recommend value to buyers in contacts
together with the organization and therefore permits the business to obtain
certain targets.
Enz (2010) has contended on his earlier findings on corporate and competitive
methods and constitutes a distinction backward and forward streams of thought
that have substantial implications for proper marketing management. Corporate
strategy, he argues, concerns two different questions: what business the
organization ought to be in and just how the organization office should manage
the variety of business models. Competitive methods however concern how you
can create competitive advantage in each one of the companies where a
company works. Since proper marketing management falls firmly within the
latter category it appears obvious the performance level s in achieving
competitive advantage through applying competitive methods may have their
restricting factors based on proper choices produced by senior management
regarding corporate strategy. Indeed, in profiling the distinctive qualities of
competitive and company methods, porter discovered that the second presented
probably the most serious reason to be concerned, showing the corporate
methods of the majority of the companies he analyzed had dissipated instead of
create investor value (Egan, Colin & Michael 1998)

2 Understand the tools used to develop a strategic

marketing strategy
2.1 Assess the value of models used in strategic marketing
planning.
A marketing and advertising technique is an overall marketing and advertising
method intended to meet the requirements and needs of consumers. The
blueprint ought to be based on very clear goals. A number of methods will be

used to ensure that the advertising and marketing system is proficiently

provided. Marketing methods are certainly the time made consumption of from
the marketing and advertising section. In order to make profits, the marketing
department will set out to identify the most appropriate techniques to employ.
These marketing techniques combine neighbourhood consumer, relations and
trade marketing promotions, stage-of-promoting sources, editorial, sales and
publicity literature.

Marketing and advertising methods are utilized at about three stages of

promoting:

Studying the marketplace enables the business to recognize the most effective
marketing blend. This combination must have:

1. the very best product or service

2. supplied from the right expense

3. in a good place

4. While using best fitting marketing strategies.

2.2 Discuss the links between strategic positioning and

marketing tactics.
The job concept describes how management wants customers to place the
organization. The concept familiar with squeeze brand may be using the
functions provided through the merchandise, the understanding it offers or
perhaps the symbol it conveys. Importantly, buyers position brands whereas
companies goal to help how customers position brands. Success depends how
good the organizations distinctive capabilities match the value reliance on each
specific segment (Payne, Christopher, Peck & Clark 1995).

Developing the job strategy requires integrating the item, value chain, cost, and
promotion techniques to target them in the marketplace target. It seems sensible
a built-in strategy designed to give the managements positioning objectives
while getting the greatest possible competitive advantage. Shaping this bundle
of techniques can be a major challenge to marketing techniques decision
makers. Since the techniques span different functional areas and responsibilities,
close mix-functional coordination is essential. The factors affecting program

strategy are the audience, competition, resource constrains, managements

points of interest, as well as the products existence cycle. The job strategy
describes the most well-liked positioning in compliance together with your
competition (Manley 2004).

Central for the positioning decision is examining the bond involving the
marketing effort as well as the market response. Positioning analysis is useful in
calculating industry response too just like evaluating competition and buyer
preferences. Example techniques include customer/competitor research, market
testing, and positioning models (Cravens & Nigel 2009).

2.3 Analyse the merits of relationship marketing in a given

strategic marketing strategy.
Relationship marketing isn't by itself a brand new concept rather it's an old
concept but includes a greater and much more enhanced focus on the need for
the client. The primary concept of Relationship marketing would be that the
better the connection using the customer personally, as opposed to the product,
the greater may be the customer loyalty. The significance of retaining clients is
the fact that there's strong evidence that customer retention and profitability are
proportional. It's apparent when the client is totally pleased with a particular
service, then and just then is he going to is constantly on the give that company
more business. Not just that, he'll also refer it to their own buddies and
acquaintances. Within the relationship marketing paradigm they're very
carefully associated with one another. That's because of the truth that relations
are made upon service and quality (Payne, Christopher, Peck & Clark 1995)

3 Be able to use strategic marketing techniques.

3.1 Use appropriate marketing techniques to ascertain
growth opportunities in a market.
It's a sad proven fact that many marketing plans don't get implemented well.
You will find many possible causes of this and surely poor project and alter
management is really a key one. Should you choose the pre-planning work
nicely, there's more chance the Marketing Strategy is going to be recognized and
implemented. Here are a few helpful tools we have accustomed to help obtain
the Marketing Planning Project off and away to an excellent start. They may also
be used for other marketing and advertising projects which are either going to
get going ahead, or already are going ahead but seriously moving using their
original goal.

3.2 Plan how to use marketing strategy options in a market.

Within this era of fierce competition, developing excellent marketing strategies is
very essential for any organization. Since nowadays the majority of the
information mill supplying similar items, the only real factor that may provide a
company proper advantage and edge is the standard and services information
they provide for their clients. A business must be very careful while selecting
their marketing strategies to ensure that they represent and illustrate their
companys image and goals carefully and are generally relatable and likeable
towards the customer simultaneously (Graeme, Ensor & Ashford 2007). Here are
a couple of from the marketing strategies that Ritz-Carlton has put on determine
growth possibilities.
THE PRODUCT NAME

The merchandise or service will be promoted underneath the title of RitzCarlton Hotels. The reason behind selecting such title is:
The title is memorable for that customer. That's very essential as a person
won't ever wish to revisit a location thats title he cannot even remember.
The title includes a timeless quality.
The title is pre-emptive and proprietorship for the reason that it may be
trademarked for exceptional service within the hotel industry.
The title is able to provoke customer curiosity about the merchandise.

BRANDING

The company of Ritz-Carlton continues to be designed for additional

advantages:
It provides unique and readily identifiable service within the hotel industry.
It stands for customers values their remain at your accommodation will be
an unforgettable one.

3.3 Create appropriate strategic marketing objectives for a

market
A price reduction offer can be created initially in gossip columns and newspapers
on special events like Christmas and holidays.
Your accommodation can sponsor charitable organisation occasions
strengthen the customers rely upon its corporate social responsibility.

to

Create existence on the internet for customer convenience to ensure that the
clients could make bookings and request queries online (Manley 2004).

4 Be able to respond to changes in the marketing

environment
All companies execute and exist their activities inside of the surroundings. The
atmosphere supplies the agencies with inputs they convert to results through
interior processes and so the outcomes get to the surroundings. Therefore, to be
able to survive within the atmosphere, organizations need to give consideration
towards the atmosphere and match their activities towards the environment
conditions.

The climate might be labelled in the exterior and also the inside circumstances.
The outside environment is composed men and women variables which can be
past the firms management but which have an impact on its procedures. This
environment contains economic and political, socio-ethnic, legal, technological
and environmental factors. The inner ambiance however contains elements in
the firms management, which also impact the firms actions. The inner
surroundings is made up of elements for example fiscal assets and technology,
man belongings, procedures and structures. The atmosphere is vibrant and
keeps adjusting. The firm needs to match its procedures towards the exterior
atmosphere to be able to survive and succeed, because the exterior atmosphere
is unmanageable.

Method is a firms technique for which makes it by means of within the changing
surroundings. They keep altering because the atmosphere changes, this
suggests that methods aren't static. For companies to be effective and thus
effective, they ought to respond properly to alterations which one can find within
their specific ambiance. This is exactly what is named as proper reactions,
exactly what are measures that this firm will take to position itself utilizing the
atmosphere. Any organization that doesn't acquire actions to align by itself using
the environment could not live inside the surroundings which are in the near
future pressured through the industry.

4.1 Report on the impact of changes in the external

environment on a marketing strategy.
Market place launch needs a full internet marketing strategy that's typed within
the marketing strategy. This program ought to be coordinated making use of the
business and people capabilities liable for the release, such as income agents,
income, marketing supervisors and managers in other functional places as an
example finance, distribution, hr and procedures. Duty for the amazing item
release is usually designated to the advertising and marketing administrator or
product manager. Otherwise companies may assign accountability to item
market and planning release squads (Cravens & Nigel 2009).

The timings and physical scope in the release are necessary options. The choices
change from a across the country industry summary of a place-by-location
rollout. Often the extent through the intro may include throughout the world
marketplaces. The nation's introduction is definitely a key endeavour, wanting an
extensive setup effort. A rollout cuts down on the scope from the introduction
and allows management to regulate online marketing strategy according to
experience acquired in early stages from the launch. Obviously, the rollout
technique, like industry tests, presents levels of competition extra a chance to
behave (Bonita 2006)

True-time keeping track of current item overall performance available in the

market access stage can even be extremely important. Standardized info
solutions are available for purchase to keeping track of sales of things for
example beauty, meals and health and many others. Information and facts of
helpful obtained via audits, client journal board and scanner solutions. Unique
monitoring research could possibly be essential for items which aren't
incorporated in standardized information and facts solutions. The internet can be
easily equally as a single crucial new-product or service information and facts
monitoring and gathering ability (Stephen 2010).

4.2 Conduct an internal analysis to identify current

strengths and weaknesses in a marketing strategy.
1. Turning into the market innovator in deluxe lodges with 25 Percent talk
about.

2. Supply the very best services and standards information that the motel
available in the market will offer.

3. Producing or developing customers idea of your accommodation.

4. Increase motel tree branches into different nations around the world.

5. Impacting on customers behaviour for the accommodation.

6. Attaining share and sales of the marketplace improves for specific

consumers or possibility concentrates on.

7. Making frequent appointments from the clients.

8. Attracting new clients.

9. Encouraging long-term associations and inspiring new emits in the

accommodation like separate store shopping region, advanced health spas
and many others (Cravens and Nigel 2009).

The outside environment that impacts advertising could possibly be divided into
the macro environment plus the mini atmosphere. The criteria that should be
looked at round the macro levels range between the existing level of economic
expansion, market adjustments, and interpersonal changes in how people stay
and travelling. What's developing over these locations is essential for hotel
respective authorities to understand just before a successful marketing strategy
might be created. Regrettably this is certainly often forgotten, for the reason that
whole procedure of acquiring details can be tough, whilst men and women
utilized in advertising almost never get any public praise for this kind of study
(Partridge, Coxhead, Blythe and Lashwood Reed and Simms 2005).

Numerous business people, community men and women, authorities

officeholders who undoubtedly come to mind with establishing the marketing
strategy speculate that marketing and advertising is simply purchasers and
promotion. Consequently, they might not realise why it's necessary for that
motel business people to take time to assess the external atmosphere. As an
illustration, municipality executives may possibly help accommodation respective
authorities after they demand cash to target new segment. These types of
advertising and marketing activities could acquire assist. However, these
focusing on and marketing efforts might be wasted if the research into the
exterior atmosphere isn't carried out first (Bonita 2006).
MICRO ENVIRONMENT
The micro atmosphere includes such important stakeholders groups as
companies, social associations, and government officeholders. Since the ongoing
support of those groups is crucial to the prosperity of any hotel marketing effort,
it is necessary that your accommodation authorities assess a continuing basis
their degree of support for hotel industry (Bonita 2006).

At Ritz-Carlton effective internal marketing has since its goal regarding effective
service methods which could serve the exterior customer. Having the ability to
deliver consistent, high-quality service necessitates the effort of everybody
within the organization. That's why hearing the interior clients is as essential as
hearing the exterior clients. Methods for Marketing your Fire Department Today
and Beyond by US Fire Administration, U. S. States Fire Administration (Stephen
2010)

Ritz-Carlton is dedicated to dealing with its visitors like royalty. It is among the
most distinctive corporate cultures within the lodging industry, and workers are
known to as ladies and gentlemen. Which as well as gentlemen of Ritz have

competed in very precise standards and specifications for dealing with clients.
Ritz workers are constantly trained in company lore and company values. Which
values would be the grounds for all worker training and reward. There is nothing
left to chance if this involves supplying exemplary customer support. Ritz goal is
really a happy customer who's impressed through the services received.
However, underneath the new approach, staff interaction using the visitors is
much more natural, relaxed and authentic rather instead of sounding like theyre
recited lines from the manual (Pride, William & Ferrell 2010).

Ritz-Carltons one weakness is its high-cost which causes it to be unapproachable

towards the public and limits its audience. Yes, I do think the cost from the
services that exist at Ritz is very high too but one method to overcome that's to
supply economic rooms in the hotel with minimal degree of services offered
there. Since all of the nations where Ritz is situated have a big middle-class
market, it features a very achievable option to help make the middle-class
people their new target audience. Because of the current recession that's
happening nowadays, it'll give Ritz a great proper advantage whether it selects
to grow its market and concentrate on the middle-class along with the upper
class.

4.3
Propose strategic marketing responses to key
emerging themes in a marketing strategy.
Beneath stated are the reactions using essential growing styles in an internet
marketing strategy.
DIGITAL MARKETING
Web marketing may be the way ahead for all those advertisement. Given that
most people are in fact personal computer educated it is crucial for almost any
products or services with the lifestyle on the net to ensure that they may have
the ability to approach the buyer less difficult. It's also convenient for that
customer because he can stay each both at home and talk to the corporation
and get his queries and complaints resolves without understanding the
requirement for a real visit. For that accommodation business, it is important to
use internet marketing as they possibly can likely get business by means of it.
They consumers can also log in the World Wide Web site to create reservations
for their rooms and schedule goes too consequently.
PRODUCT CSTOMIZATION
Another tendency is product customization. The earlier concept one dimension
matches all is very obsolete now. Increasingly more information mill nowadays
looking at exclusive customization in line with the customers tastes. Previous, it
was actually a characteristic an effort entirely for pricey and special things. The
accommodation business may also use area personalization depending on the
customers choices and provide service that could attract that each client.

GLOBALIZATION
Because the world is really a global village, and it is getting more compact and
more compact, it's getting simpler and simpler for any customer to have
interaction having a company that's midway around the globe. Using this
enterprise needs to be technology-smart and need to be able to accept and
apply brand-new modern technology to the business to obtain an effective side
more than others.

SOCIAL SITES
Social networks like Fb, tweets and so forth would be the new rage within the
interaction world. Submitting an advertisement on Face book or my space can
advertise an item to many customers without delay. For a business to be efficient
in this particular period, it must promote through web sites too. The advantage of
submitting ads on locations to spend time is it cost under a variety of other
methods of advertising campaign. An enterprise can also publish blogs and
forums and public discussion boards to obtain connection making use of its
clients and charm queries and suggestions.

CONCLUSION
Strategic management is really an ongoing process. You will find three
treatments in this particular technique: method formulation, method setup, and
evaluation and control.

Method administration may also be considered as quantity of steps. For that

reason, the right- management approach could be very best being assessed and
applied while using the version. Review of the key appropriate administration
types indicates they all cover anything from the following actions: undertaking a
surroundings assessment, developing business route, developing company
method, applying business technique, controlling and evaluating approach.

The correct administration approach largely involves top rated control, table of
organization directors, and planning employees. Within the last develop, an
effective choices is shaped within the channels of inputs, alternatives, and
activities.

All organizations get involved in the right administration method. The prosperity
of the clients is typically centered generally in the suitable management and
business abilities from the executives.

Numerous scientific tests demonstrate the two financial and nonfinancial rewards
which might be made out of an effective-control way of making judgements.

Additionally, the idea of proper control continues to be such as and is

consistently undergo alter. Following, Therefore and understanding finish and
following method for appropriate managing could possibly be beneficial to
practicing executives to obtain organizations' targets.

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