COURSE

FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING

SAFETY / SAFETY SYSTEMS

SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

SUBJECTS
Escape routes and stairs incl. req. for width and free height
Muster Points
Emergency Access to Sea
Flare system
F&G
Fire Water System
Fire fighting equipment / location & access
Safety Equipment
Ventilation
Plated decks / grated decks, bunded areas and drains

SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

ESCAPE ROUTES AND STAIRS - DEFINITIONS
Escape: act of personnel moving away from a hazardous event to a
place where its effects are reduced or removed.
Evacuation: the planned method of leaving the installation in an
emergency
Rescue: process by which those who have entered the sea directly
or in lifeboats/liferafts are retrieved to a place where medical
assistance is available

SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

ESCAPE ROUTES
MODES Part 01
Primary
Minimum 1.2 m in width and with a free height of 2.2 m

Secondary
Minimum 0.8 m in width and with a free height of 2.2 m

Suitable for stretcher, 2.2 x 0.6m

Marked and signed
Lit
Two main escape routes from all areas
Maximum dead end of 7 m

NORSOK S-001 has slightly different criteria!

SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

ESCAPE ROUTES

SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

ESCAPE ROUTES

SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

ESCAPE ROUTES

Minimum step depth, t, shall be 80 mm

The maximum rise, h, shall be 250 mm
The overlap, r, of the step or the landing shall be >= 10 mm

FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

MUSTER POINTS
One primary muster area
Space of equivalent of 0.5 m2/person

Muster Area

Means of communication
Emergency lighting
Lifesaving equipment

Commonly designated temporary

Mustering areas are the living
quarters, control room, or lifeboat
station areas

Plated deck to and from TEMPSC

embarkation area

If outdoor, be aware of noise for e.g..

Fire Water pumps

FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

MUSTER POINTS
Smoke and gas ingress
Air locks
Gas tight fire dampers in HVAC
Pressurised fresh air or catalytic
scrubbing of air for H2S

Muster Area / TR
Inside TR

Depletion of oxygen
Build up of C02 and CO

1.4
m3/pers/hr

FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

MUSTER POINTS

Build up of temperature

Muster Area / TR
Inside TR

Communication
Equipment
Multichannel VHF marine radio
Telephone
PA system
Location in relation to ERT
Survival equipment
First Aid Equipment
BA (If H2S)
Safety lamps

Personnel 50 to 70 deg. C
Electrical equipment 40 to 50
deg. C

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

EMERGENCY ACCESS TO SEA
Means of evacuation
Primary

Helicopter, boat Normal use of transportation

Secondary

Life boat (Bridge)

Tertiary

Life rafts, knotted ropes, nets, jumping

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FLARE SYSTEM
Acts as a ignition source
not be located downwind of source
of flammable gas.
At flame out the flare becomes source of
fuel.

Flare & Vent

Emits radiation and permissible distance

shall be accessed as per API 521
1.58 kW/m2
Potential for burning rain
Platform
Support Vessels
Droplet size:
300m < d < 600m

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FLARE SYSTEM

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FLARE SYSTEM
Layout considerations piping / headers
Flare pipe to be protected from external impact
Dropped objects, swinging loads
Explosion pressures
TOTAL GS-EP-SAF-262
The routing of the headers shall be optimised in order to minimise the risks of
damage in case of fire or explosion
The necessity to provide headers and sub-headers with blast protection and
passive fire proofing in critical areas shall be assessed
The integrity of the structure supporting the elevated flares shall withstand the
conditions created by the worst fire and explosion scenario considered in the SAFETY
CONCEPT and as per GS EP SAF 253

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FLARE SYSTEM
Layout considerations flare stack and vents
Ignited flares are sources of ignition and should not be located
down-wind of sources of flammable gas (or should be located far
enough from them), except where flare are high enough to avoid
any risk.
Conversely, the risk of flame-out where the flares become sources
of fuel shall be considered. As a consequence the preferred
location for flares is perpendicular to the prevailing wind.
Atmospheric vents venting hydrocarbons continously are zone 1;
to be located away from manned areas and sources of ignition
(down-wind).
Local vents should be avoided. To be
grouped to release in one single point.

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FLARE SYSTEM
Layout considerations piping & flare tip
Pipework
Slope
No pockets
No obstructions Locked open valves

Access to flare tip

Inspection
Maintenance

Helihoisting or rail system for tip replacement

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION - OBJECTIVE
ISO 13702:
To provide continuous automatic monitoring functions to alert
personnel of the presence of a hazardous fire or gas condition
To allow, control actions to be initiated manually or automatically
in order to minimize the likelihood of escalation.
Maersk Oil, MOTS-40:
A fixed Fire and Gas (F&G) detection system shall be installed to
provide continuous automatic monitoring of those parts of a plant
or other premises where fires may accidentally occur or where
combustible/toxic gases may accidentally release or accumulate
and initiate preventive actions in order to minimize the likelihood
of escalation

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION
Gas detection
Installed in all hazardous areas classified as Zone 1 or Zone 2
Principles for gas detection coverage:
Detection of gas accumulations
Detection of leaks
Protection of Target

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION
Gas detection detector layout/siting
NORSOK S-001 has a criterion that the detector layout must be
so that leak sizes of 0.1 kg/sec or more can be detected.
BP has different criteria (gas cloud sizes, diameter of 4 to 10
meter, which must be detected) for different areas, depending on
blockage ration and natural/mechanical ventilation as well as size
of areas.
TOTAL and Shell also do not have specific requirements for gas
detector layouts (spacing) in the open zone 1 and 2 areas but
some guidance regarding siting.
Generally risk assessments (likelihood for release) combined with
the ventilation conditions should be the basis.
Might have to be combined with gas dispersion analyses.
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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION GAS DETECTOR LAYOUT
Maersk Oil, MOTS-40 principles:

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION GAS DETECTOR LAYOUT
Maersk Oil, MOTS-40 principles:

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION GAS DETECTOR LAYOUT
Maersk Oil, MOTS-40 principles:

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION GAS DETECTOR LAYOUT
Maersk Oil, MOTS-40 principles:

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION H2S DETECTORS
Shell DEP:
Point detectors should be located near potential sources of
leakage such as pump and compressor seals.
For area monitoring a study should be carried out for the project,
focussing on process equipment types, potential sources of
leakage, concentration of H2S in the process streams and plant
lay-out.
Detectors shall be placed along logical entrance routes to an H2S
containing process area.
BP GP:
Focusses on H2S detectors where personnel may be present:
Especially entrances, exits and walkways
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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION H2S DETECTORS
Maersk Oil, MOTS-40:
Same considerations as for HC gas shall apply but that locations
shall be determined on a case by case basis
Maersk Oil DK, DGL 4.1:
One detector for each 37 m2 floor area or within 3 m from H2S
containing equipment.
If a grid configuration is used, maximum sensor spacing should
be 6 meter.

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION
Fire detection
Fire detectors shall be selected to be suitable for detection of the
types of fires that may occur in the area and shall be located
such that fires are detected as early as possible.
Fire detectors shall be installed in all hazardous areas, utility
areas containing equipment, working areas and in
buildings/rooms.
Detector principles are generally:
Smoke
Heat (fusible plugs, rate of rise/rate compensated )
Flame (UV or IR)

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION
Fire detection - Flame detection
Flame detectors to be IR multispectrum detectors or alternatively
IR single frequency. (some accept UV detectors, not least for
turbine enclosures)
Minimum 3 flame detectors covering the fire hazard shall be
installed

NORSOK S-001
For a fire (jet and pool) in hazardous areas the following apply:
a flame size of 0,5 m in diameter and length of 1 m shall be
detected by at least one detector;
a flame size of 1 m in diameter and length of 3 m shall be detected
by at least two detectors.
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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION
Fire detection EN 54 / API 14C compliance:
Detector

Spacing/max. distance

Heat detectors
Heat detectors (fusible plugs)

5 meter
API RP 14C, table C-1

Smoke

7.5 meter

Some companies require or recommend two different fire

detection methods for hazardous areas.
Maersk Oil has such requirements in their MOTS-40

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION
Fire detection
Haz. area: Two independent detection principles

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION
Fire detection
Non Haz. area: One detection principle

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

F&G DETECTION DETECTOR LAYOUT DRWG

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

SAFETY EQUIPMENT
PPE
To all facility personnel
Life vests
Smoke hoods
Flash light
BA or escape hoods if H2S

Eyebath / Safety Showers

Areas where chemical and other haz. sub. Are handled or stored

Safety Signs / Safety Plans

Provided throughout the facility

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION - GENERALLY
Natural ventilation (preferred) or mechanical (HVAC)
Natural ventilation in open process/utility areas avoid build up
min. 12 ACH
At least two sides of modules open for natural ventilation
Use grating rather than plated decks (where possible)
Avoid congestion/confinement and stagnant zones
Reduce blocking ratio

Refer to sec. 4 for further about

ventilation

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION (HVAC) - OBJECTIVES
Avoid ingress of gas/vapours into unclassified area (overpressure)
In enclosures with leak sources, to ensure sufficient ventilation to
reach zone 2 classification or unclassified area.
Provide sufficient air changes to remove fumes, etc.
Ensure sufficient air/oxygen supply to rooms
Provide comfort (supply cold or hot air) to keep a comfort
temperature in rooms and areas

Separate HVAC systems in hazardous and non-hazardous areas

must be provided.

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION (HVAC) - STANDARDS
ISO 15138, Offshore Production Installations, Heating, Ventilation
and Air-conditioning
As guide/as required), NORSOK H-001, HVAC
IP 15 / IEC 60079-10-1

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION (HVAC) INTAKE / EXHAUST
Ventilation air intake at or below cellar deck level, preferably upwind
Separate from combustion air intake for turbines
Minimum 3 meter to classified area; preferably more
Intake and exhaust on same side of platform to equalize
pressures from wind

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION (HVAC) - EQUIPMENT
Gas turbines in enclosure in hazardous area:

Overpressure, min. 5 mm WG above surroundings

90 air changes per hour minimum
Ventilation air intake from unclassified area min. 3 m from classified
area and as far from classified area boundary as possible.

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION (HVAC) - EQUIPMENT
Gas turbines in enclosure in unclassified area:

Underpressure, min. 5 mm WG below surroundings

90 air changes per hour minimum
Ventilation air exhaust outside turbine hall
Ventilation air intake from unclassified area min. 3 m from classified
area and as far from classified area boundary as possible

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION (HVAC) ROOMS & ACCOMMODATION

Equipment rooms, workshops, CCR, Accommodation, etc.
Overpressure, min. 5 mm WG above surroundings
12 air changes per hour minimum
Ventilation air intake from unclassified area min. 3 m from classified
area but as far from boundary of classified area.
Air intake preferably under the cellar deck

Workshop (welding etc), Laboratory: Local Exhaust Ventilation in

addition
Both in supply and exhaust ducting, fire dampers when ducting
penetrates fire rated barriers to areas with high fire risk
Diesel engine room, Galley, Laundry

NOTE: If water locks in drain system are not sufficiently water

filled, ventilation may shortcut through drains.
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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

VENTILATION (HVAC) RISK OF HEAVY GASSES

In areas / rooms with risk of heavy gasses (laboratory, rooms

with LPG bottles, areas handling gas condensate, etc.)
Air supply at high level
Air exhaust at low level

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

HVAC AND AREA CLASSIFICATION
Accommodation, min 12 ACH, min. 5 mm WG overpressure
Gas turbines in unclassified area: Min. 5 mm WG underpressure,
90 ACH
Gas turbines in classified area: Min 5 mm WG overpressure, 90
ACH
Above requirements follows IP 15 and IEC/EN 60079-10-1

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM
Consists typically of the following:
Firewater
Fire water pump(s)
Jockey pump(s)
Ring main
Deluge systems
Monitors
Hydrants
Hose reels
Foam systems

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM - STANDARDS
ISO 13702, Petroleum and Natural gas industries - Control and
mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production
installations - Requirements and guidelines
NFPA 13, Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems.
NFPA 15, Standard for water spray fixed systems for fire protection
NFPA 20, Standard for the installation of stationary pumps for fire
protection.
CAA Requirements, (UK CAP 437, ICAO), Requirements for
helicopter decks on offshore installations

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM DELUGE/PUMP SYSTEMS

Typically one deluge system per fire zone (fire area) in areas
with flammable materials
Refer to Area Fire Protection Layouts
A fire zone may be covered by more than one deluge system, in
case of fire, deluge in the entire zone must be released.
A very efficient fire zone division required (use of wings at fire
barriers) to avoid to consider release of deluge in adjacent areas
to a zone with fire.
ISO 13702 only require sizing to the largest area plus any
anticipated manual fire-fighting demand (monitors/hose
streams)
Deluge water requirements as per ISO 13702 / NFPA 15 and in
accordance with the FES
One spare pump (typically 2 x 100% firewater pumps)
On smaller installations, combined SW/FW systems allowed
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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM DELUGE/PUMP SYSTEMS

Area fire protection layout showing required FW intensities:

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM DELUGE/PUMP SYSTEMS

ISO 13702, Type of protection & intensities:
Area/Room

Type of protection in
addition to portable

Wellhead area

Deluge/foam/dry
chemical
Deluge/foam/dry
chemical
Deluge/foam
Deluge/dry chemical

Process area
Pumps/compressors
Gas treatment area
Methanol area

Alcohol-resistant
foam/deluge
Water injection treatment None if no HC
area
Drill floor
Deluge
BOP area
Turbine hall

Deluge/foam
Deluge

Typical minimum Comments

water application
rates
10
(or 400 L/min/well)
10
20
10 Foam if area contains
significant flammable liquids
10 Portable foam units if the
methanol area is small

10 Only if FES shows role for this

system
400
10 Dedicated system only if
flammable inventories within
the hall

Wellhead area: Spray nozzles to point upward on the wellheads

rather than downward

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM DELUGE/PUMP SYSTEMS

ISO 13702, Type of protection & intensities:
Area/Room

Type of protection in
addition to portable

Turbine hood

CO2, gaseous or water

mist
None

Switch board room

Battery room
Emergency generator
room

None
water mist/foam/deluge

Fire pump room

Water mist/deluge

HVAC room
Mechanical workshop
Instrument workshop
Storage of gas bottles

None
Sprinkler
Sprinkler
None

Accommodation
Helideck
Escape and eveacuation
routes

None
Foam/dry chemical
Water curtain

Typical minimum
water application
rates

Comments

Interlock access to hood if

gaseous
To be confirmed in developing
FES
10 Effetc of water on equipment
in the room should be
evaluated
10 Effetc of water on equipment
in the room should be
evaluated
6
6
Provided stored externally
and not exposed to radiant
heat
6
15 L/min/m to
45 L/min/m
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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM FIRE WATER PUMPS
Fire water pumps shall have two different means to start the pump
automatically.
Electrically driven from emergency power system or diesel driven
Located, or protected, so that it is able to supply water in a fire
emergency. Remote from process areas, upwind to this area.
Normally in H60 protected enclosure or non hazardous area (A60),
pumps separated from each other.
Diesel units with day tank (ISO 13702 only require sufficient fuel for
running time as per the FES)

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM RING MAIN
Designed to provide adequate amount and pressure (10-13 barg).
Routed or protected to avoid damage from incident. (often routed
under decks)
In wellhead areas protected by main structural beams
Adequate number of isolation valves (accessible)
Suitable arrangements for testing
Dead legs shall be avoided

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM RING MAIN

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM DELUGE SYSTEMS
Deluge valve is normally hooked up to fusible loop(s) in the fire
zone
Fusible loops laid out as per API 14C
The dry deluge system covers areas and equipment, including
pressure vessels
Typical layout of firewater on pressure vessel as per NFPA 15
Deluge valve supplied from two sides of ringmain (preferred)

Inbal animations:
http://www.inbalvalves.com/english/valve_design.htm51

FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM DELUGE VALVE
Deluge valve is normally hooked up to fusible loop(s) in the fire
zone
Located outside the protected area

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FACILITIES LAYOUT TRAINING COURSE

FIRE WATER SYSTEM DELUGE VALVE
Fusible loops
API RP 14C:

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FIRE WATER SYSTEM

HYDRANTS AND HOSE REELS
Double hydrant stations
Located so each point can be reached from at least two hydrants
or hose reel stations (hoses 20 m long).
Connected to the ringmain
Hose reels only in areas where hydrocarbon fire is not the
primary hazard
Located minimum 15 meters from the spot it protects
Accessible from other decks (preferred)
Near stairways (preferred)

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FIRE WATER SYSTEM

MONITORS
Located when applicable:
Helideck (if not DIFFS system)
Bridge between two platforms outside the protected fire zone

If used otherwise, located outside protected fire zone

Manually or remote controlled

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

LOCATION / CLASS OF EXTINGUISHERS
Close to access doors of rooms (Class A or B as applicable)
On access stairways / within 3 meters, on each deck level (Class B)
Near escape ways (Class B)
Adjacent to helideck (Class D)
In the deck area, max. 15 meters between extinguishers (Class B)
Each main corridor in accommodation (Class A)
One per 4 persons in sleeping area/accommodation (Class A)
Telecom room / electrical equipment rooms (Class C)
Galley (Class A, B, C)

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

LOCATION / CLASS OF EXTINGUISHERS
One for each storage room (applicable Class)
On or in vicinity of each crane (Class B)

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

LOCATION / CLASS OF EXTINGUISHERS
Safety Plans

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

DROPPED OBJECT PROTECTION
Required where crane(s) have to operate over hydrocarbon
containing equipment and high voltage transformers
The DOP is designed for a certain load and a certain height, i.e.
an impact energy.
Crane restricted areas is an alternative
Most operators accepts crane operation under the PTW system
over certain equipment in the crane restricted areas

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SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMS

DROPPED OBJECT PROTECTION

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THANK YOU

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