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rl'DI~Ill~I.IABI.I~S'I'-lND-lIlD

Design Flexibilily

I~OIl)UUNAGE l'II'I~

When it comes 10 strength, durability, and hydraulics,

reinforced concrete pipe is unmatched in its reputation for
quality. Unlike other types of pipe, concrete gains strength
over time. With a preven 100-year service life, concrete pipe is
durable under a wide range of installation conditions.
Contrast this with the performance oC other types of pipe under
the ground. Flexible pipe products derive most of their strength
from the surrounding cornpacted soil, Whether the result of
poorly compacted soil or insufflcient cover, other types of pipe
are more susceptible to damage than concrete pipe. Poor
installation, poor results. It's thai simple.

l\IIOIJ'I' Ill~INl~ORCEJ)
(~ONCIlI~'1l''IIll'E

Documented service li fe greater than 100 years

Unaffected by ultraviolet degradauon, corrosin, and
thermal variations
Risk Management

Time Preven
Establishcd Design Procedures
Installaton/Contractor Friendly
Independent of contractors ability
suppotting structure in the trench

10 build

pipe

Qualily

High inherent strength of concrete pipe

D - Load = Strength veri fied
Supporting strength from pipe
Five (5) standard strength c1asses and speeial designs

Hydraulic Performance

Durability

(ll(~l')

Structural Performance

Standard pipe sizes from 12-inch tO 144-inch diameter

Joint performance matched to your project
requirernents
Specialty fittings provide same structural integrity as
straighi run pipe

Known long-term material properties

ASTM material standards for ALL pipe sizes and
strengths
Qualily Assurance/Control on all aspects of RCP
(raw materials, testing, etc.) is verified by physical
tests of materials and finished product
Economics

Consistent Manning's "o" value

Rigid pipe maintains designed line & grade
Laborarory t'n" = 0.010
Design "o" stcrm = 0.012
Tapered inlet geometry rninimizes culvert headwater

Narrow trench widths

Minimal field inspeetion and testing required
Proveo low COS[with Least COSI (Life Cycle)
Analysis

"rBY

You

'fIN 'fI'I'B

IICI'!

Durability
The US Army COE recognizes the following pipe
life cycle durations:

Structural Performance
You do not have lO worry about "nstatlarion anornalies"
since most of ihe pipe installauon's struciural inregrity
arrives on the truck. Compare the strucrural capabilitics
provided by RCP versus flexible products wirh 10\V

P ipe
l\l at erra
. I

inhcrent

strengths,

Life
C)'CIe
O ura
tlIon

RCP

70 years mnimum

Plastic

50 years maximum

Risk Management
RCP requires rmrumal on-sue inspection and poSl
inssallation tesiing. Often il is the things lhal hnppen
when no one is on-sire that can cause problerns. For
example during hcavy rainlhigh groundwater situations
RCP stays pULb. uoyancy is rnrely an issue. Compare ihe
uplifl force on a 36"$ storm scwer in high groundwater
condhions:

Pl

Hydraulic Performance

pe. I
Ma tierra

IbJn.

Water
\Veight.

Uplirt
Force,

IbJn.
lb.
524
658
134
RCP
405
441
CMP
36
18
554
HDPE
536
PVC
54
486
432
Wilh about one (1) foot of cover Ihe RCP stays pUL.
comparad lO the 3-4 feet of cover required by the
flexible products.

RCP doesn't depend on "spiraJ flow" or iruerior liners

lO provide superior hydraulics. Tbe answer is simple it's consistendy smoolh interior ensures that the capacity
you specify is what Ihe owner is provided.

RCP:

Pipe
\Veight.

Flexible: n = ?

n =0.012

Which would you choose7

Design Flexibility
,

Combinations of Standard
lnstnllauons and Pipe

SlrenglhlClass

Does one (1)

RCP

HDPE

20

Quality
There are over thrce (3) limes as rnany ASTM raw
material, installation, and product specifications for RCP
versus HOPE pipe.

Economics

option cover a11site conditions7

Compare the savings in backfi11materials generated when

using a standard installation wilh RCP and me
recommended installation for plastic pipe given on Ihe
following table.

~~~C3:::~~
~~~~r-6b

0000000000

1/")

00

:1)

Ilf~l)I)ESIGN & INS1'ALIA'I'ION

Evaluate Maximum & Minimum

Heigbts of Cover

,1 EASf S'l'l~I)S
Select tbe pipe class for your project's standard installation
and max/min covers. Typical maximum and minimum
recommended beigbts of cover are provided on Table 4.
The values provided in tbese tables are meant to be used
onlyas a guideline. Project requirements may warrant
further detailed analysis. Consult with your Rinker
Materials"'technical services represeotative for sizes
and backfill conditions not covered in Ibis brochure.

1) Select Pipe Size based on Project Hydraulic

Requirements.

2) Select Standard Installation that meets your project's

requirements.

3) Evaluate Maximum and Mnimum heights of cover on

tbe project,
4) Specify Pipe Size, Pipe Class, and reference tbe
appropriate ASTM and AASHTO specifications.

1) Evaluate Project Hydraulics

Reference Table I to determine tbe required pipe size,

2) Standard Installations
Based on decades <f full-scale testing and research,
the concrete pipe industry, in conjunction wilh
engineers, transponation officials, and contractors, bas
developed lhe following four standard trencb
installations:
~
- Requires lhe use of compacted graveVsand in
the pipe hauocb and outer bedding IOnes.

,1) Specify Pipe Size & Class

~
- Allows the use of in-sita sandy/silty soils in
the pipe haunch and outer bedding IOnes.

Reference the following ASTM and AASHTO

specifications as appropriate:

~
- Allows the use of in-situ silty/clay soils in
pipe bauncb and outer bedding IOnes.

ASTM C 76 (AASHTO M 170)

Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe

~
- AlIows tbe use of dumped in-situ materials
without special compaction effons.

ASTM C 1479 (AASHTO Section 27)

Standard Practicc for Installation of Reinforced Concrete
Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design

Table 2 provdes a detailed description of the

compaction requirements associated with the Standard
Installations. Table 3 provdes descriptions of!he
acceptable backfill materials. Figure I provdes a
drawing sbowing typical trench dimensions.

Select Fill
1Jpell .... ...... la la dleBaddll

M-r

Table 2 : Standard Installations

Table 1 : FulJ Flow Discbarge Coefficients

Haunchand

Outer s.dcUng

Low.r Sleto

ThiCtn.
_DoI2"""'".............
75 mm- 3').

95% ca:egory 1

9OY. C8:.gocy l.
95% C8'ogo<y 11.

WlSUiltaLon Bedctlng

Typo

-ryp.,

'oundiI-....

n roc:I.

O<

'00% C8:.gocy 111

001'2 ............ "'"

_ilion

00f2'

Type2

....

'SO

mm (6").

mI_.
mm

tila. 75

no1
13").

11 rocl< 'Out1(lolUo'.use

001.2 mlnltnum.

12

0.785

0.250

46.4

42.1

38.6

15

1.227

0.312

84.1

76.5

70.1

18

1.767

0.375

137

124

114

21

2.405

0.437

206

187

172

24

3.142

0.500

294

267

245

30

4.909

0.625

533

485

444

3.976

0.562

402

366

335

1_ ... , ,SO mm (6")

..............'. -d

1_

9O'Jto Cologo<y 1
95%

no1

_!han 75 mm(3").
11rocl< ,_
...... use

001'2 ""....... m. _

85% C8legory 1,
90% C8.ogory 11

e ogooy 11

O(

95% C8logory 111

"'"
1I\0n '50 mm (6").

Dof24 rninltnum.

Type3

...

85% C810g0ry ,.
85% C8'ogooy r,
90% C8'ogooy 11. 90% C8legory 11.
Ot

(Ir

95% C810g00y111 95% C8legoty 111

.... tIIan 'SO mm 16")

lYpe'

No-.g
~o_

No~
'_"ed. ex"",,,
" Ca-.egooy m,

C8:.gocy 111.

001'2 ............. -

_85%

_85%

No"""'I'OC1jon

,_.od._w

_1tM

lO "lIS'" CoIogooy," ......

c.._.1IIId

'" COtegOry,-

_.,._" "

27
36

7.069

0.750

867

788

722

42

9921

0.875

1.308

1,189

1,090

48

12.566

1.000

1,867

1,698

1,556

54

15.904

1.125

2.557

2,325

2,131

60

19.635

1.250

3,385

3,077

2,821

72

28.274

1.500

5,504

5,004

4,587

..... _

n.._"
_ayo. 'tilOp"'PoI _

S<* In bIddIng and tMtunch

be no _be no ... n en

ma,otloJ

molonl)'01ocII I n

. "..,

O , H _'lnIohod
lO<
g.. ~...O'.bottom
_Iicn
ot 0.3 m ('~ bOlow

-"11eI_...~.

" . ...._"" " li t ... , ,

s..T_

tonOI aha. be COMptCted 10 .11 ... 1100 10m.

. .." .,_

C8tego<y '"

CCil4)OObOnel 95....

eI"'".

ca..go,ylll

.. ..

poco'" .".'n

lO< ...

Ih o b o c kl l l < O n t.

'' ' 'lu l '' '' " " . . , .. . .

O<Ilom_

be _
.... "_ .. II
...."..,1Itd_ In"... ha"""'lIIId
F<lI_
..... "".,0_'0
dogr_

Figure 1 : Standard Installation Trench Detall

SIondotdT

"' ......
F<lI

"' .....

_ ....... IIIId
...,. _
""'1It_od
.... _ ......
'OdogrM ....... nl_el_nl.

..... ",..._111_
...

IIt~IO

.. _

...

..

~IItd""

Table 3 : Standard lnstallation Soil Categories

R.",._ttwSoD -ryp..
SIDO SoII
Gl1Iyolly
SalId
(C8tegory 1)

(C8tego<y 1)

SlIty
CIoy
(caIegory UI)

P.rcenl CompacUon

uses,

S"ndard
MSHTO

Standonl
Proc:tor

S~SP.

AI.A3

'00
95
90
85
80

G .GP

GM.SM.Ml.
_ AIaoGC,se
.........
20%

p;,M

pusIt1g jI2OQ ....

CLh'H.

oc.se

J>:;,A6

6'
lOO
95
90
85
80
49

lOO
95
90

85
80
45

Modlflod
ProclO'

9S

90
85

80
75
59
95
90
85

80
75

<18
90

85
80

75
70
40

Table 4
Trench : Maximum Cover, ft.
12-incb tbrougb 3O-i.ncb Dtameter RCP
Pille
Class

Iustallntion
I

36-inch through 72-inch Diameter RO

Pipe
Clas

Type

Iustallatlon 1) pe
1
2

\1ul",u tll Cover In reel

MuthnulIJ Cover 111 r.~,

(

N/A

N/A

NIA

N/A

1J

11

23

15

11

L1

15

11

JIl

51

25

19

13

23

17

13

IV

>100

>100

55

29

rv

43

29

23

17

>100

>100

>100

>100

>100

57

43

31

Ttench Widrb
Treneh Widlh = 1.33 x Pipe O.D.

Embankment : Maximum Cover, ft.

Pipe
Class

Iustallation Type
I
2

RCP Pipe Dimensions

Pipe
Dia.in.

Muimum Cover in (eef

10

N/A

14

11

ID

23

16

12

IV

36

25

19

13

56

39

30

21

Pipe
Outer
Dia.in.

Pipe
Wci~ht.
Ih/ft.

\linilllum
Trcl1ch
\\ idth, in.

16.0
19.5
23.0
26.5
30.0
33.5
:17.0
44.0
51.0
58.0
65.0
72.0
86.0

93
127
168
214
264
322
384
524
686
867
1068
1295
1811

21.3
25.9
30.6
35.2
39.9
44.6
49.2
58.5
67.8
77.1
86.5
95.8
114.4

12
15
18
21
24
27
30
36
42
48
54
60
72

Minimum Cover (Less than I foot)

12-1nch through 30-inch diameler : Class ID
36-inch through 72-inch diamcter : Class l/II
~
Type4 InslJllI.,ions with OS 20 loading no'
recommended ror MJnimumCover appllcatioM
Wllboulconsulling Rinker Malcrials"'.

~
; RCP(ASTMC 76) has t.hefOllowing standardD-Load
strengths, Conslllt witb Rinkc:Mr lleal.about otherpipe
streagths,

A.WunpJlru
1)
2)
3)
4)

Backfill Unit Weight 120 lbs/IV

ln-Situ Soil is Saturated Clay (Conservativo)
Treneh Width - 1.33 x Pipe 0.0,
Highway Loading ; HS 20 (Le. 20 Ton Uve Load)
S) lnstalled per ASTM C 1479 (AASHTO Section 27)
6) Weigbt of Water lneluded in the Eanh D-Load Strength
7) Pipe Outer Diameter based 00 "B" Wall Thickness

8) Class 1 pipe

CL l!!800 IblfVfi
CL rv s 2.000
IblfVft

IS nOI

available in diameters smaller than 60"41

CL u S 1,000
Iblftlfi
CL v S3,000

IbIfVft

ci. ro S 1.350 lblftlft

1)llonlJ(~rl'S- )11~lrl'IN(JYOlJU
l)no.II~c;I N I~I~I)S!
Rinkcr Malcrial,'"providcs the producs Ibat meet the
challenges ofyour project. You do not have to changc a thing
about your design - we provide products that confonn to
YOllr require ments for superior stonn drainage performance.
Consider the following questions on your next project:

Am l confident that a flexible pipe will be

properly installed 10 ensure long tenn
performance, or docs concrete pipe provide
more peormance confl dence, if Ihere is
improper installalion?

Can l afford 10 inspect evcry foot of a flexible pipe

instatlntion, or is concrete pipe the wlser use of
my customers inspeclion dollars?

Am I comfortablc specifying nnd profcssionnlly

ccnifying a plastic material that has a highly variable

scrvice life, or should I go wlth lile reliable bistory
of concrete pipe?

Contact your Regional Technical Servccs

Representative for the following:

Arn I convnced Ibat material certification sheets

provided by plastic pipe producers are adcquate ro
ensure compliance to AASHTO specifications, or
should I go with a concrete pipe that comes with
post manufaeturing test results confirming finished
product complianee?

Can l ensure that the hydraulics of my deslgn will

not be impacted by flexible pipe dcflection,

corrugation growth, separated joints. or
misalignment, or should l count en concrete pipe's
srable structure for hydraulic performance?

Technicallnfo Bricfs/Series
Design Data Series
Software (Design & Typical Derails)
CEUlCPDIPDH Serninars
ACPA Manuals (www.concrere-pipc.org)

Or other product informatioo:

Sanitary Sewer Pipe

Concrete Pipe (non-reinforced)

Reinforced Concrete Boxes
Elliplical & Arch Pipe
Strucrures
Three Sided Bridges

Mege-Box Culverts
Stcrmceptor

Specialty Fittings
Manholes