DAVAO MEDICAL SCHOOL FOUNDATION

October 8, 2014

THEORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING

REACTION PAPER

SUBMMITED BY: Yasierah K. Agalin

BSN 1

SUBMMITED TO: Sr. Leonardo S. Lagahit RN,

MAN

SELF CARE THEORY BY DOROTHEA OREM

The focus of this theory is to enhance the persons ability for self care and this
also extends to the care of dependents. A persons self-care deficits are the
result of environmental situations. There are three systems that exist within this
professional nursing practice model, the wholly compensatory system where
nurse provides total care, the partially compensatory system where the nurse
and the patient share responsibility for care and the educative-development
system where client has primary responsibility for personal health, with the nurse
acting as a consultant.
This theory is important for the nurse in dealing with his\her patients, when an
individual is unable to meet his own self care requisites, a self care deficit occurs.
It is the duty and obligation of the professional nurse to recognize and identify
those deficits in order to define a support modality or intervention.
The elements of the theory clearly emphasize the need to understand the
importance of self-care in the promotion and maintenance of health and
wellbeing. It is thus important for the nurse of today to focus on the patients
capacity and\or ability to perform self-care activities in order to determine which
self-care activities will be totally performed for the patient and which patient
activities can already be performed by the patient to a certain degree.

TWENTY ONE NURSING PROBLEMS BY FAYE ABDELLAH

Abdellahs 21 nursing problems are actually a model describing the arenas or
concerns of nursing, rather than a theory describing relationships among
phenomena. In this way, abdellah distinguished the practice of nursing, with a
focus on the 21 nursing problems, from the practice to medicine, with a focus on
disease and cure. The model changed the focus of nursing theory from a
disease- centered to patient-centered approach and moved nursing practice
beyond the patient to include care of families and the elderly.
The nurse is viewed as one who serves to make the patient complete, whole
and independent. Nurses assist physicians in the implementation of various
therapeutic plans, with consideration of a highly individualized care, health is
viewed based on the individuals ability to function independently through the
nurses afford to address the 21 nursing problems.
Abdellahs work is essential to clinical nurses today, especially within the context
of bedside nursing. The nurses ability to address and effectively manage the 21
nursing problems will spell the patients state of health-whether he fully recovers
well and fast, or deteriorate further with devastating consequences.
Nurses therefore, have a very important role to play, by adhering to these nursing
problems as outlined by abdellah, the work of the nurse becomes more definite.

SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING BY MARTHA ROGERS

This theory is concerned with people and the world they live, the purpose of
nursing is to promote health and wellbeing for all persons. The art of nursing is
the creative use of science of nursing for human betterment, it seeks to promote
symphonic interaction between human and environmental fields, to strengthen
their integrity of human field, and to direct and redirect patterning of human and
environmental fields for the realization of maximum health potential.
Rogers theory is relevant in todays nurses focusing on the totality of the person.
Nurses should also strive to promote symphonic interaction between two energy
fields of human and environment in order to strengthen the coherence and
integrity of the person. Nurses should also coordinate or time the human field
with rhythm of the environment field, direct and redirect the patterns of interaction
between two energy fields in order to promote maximum health potential.

The human energy fields lay the groundwork for the use of non- contact
therapeutic touch by nurses. The qualities of these human energy fields vary
from person to person, and one significant factor is the presence of pain and
illness.

THEORY OF HUMAN BECOMING BY ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE

This model assumes that human becoming is freely choosing personal meaning
in situations in the process of living value priorities. Human becoming is cocreating rhythmical patterns of relating mutually with environment and the
universe. And lastly, human becoming is co-transcending many dimensions with
up and coming possibilities.
The important contribution of parses theory of human becoming can be realized
from the many processes a human person has to go though to develop or form
his own persona- a process called becoming. Nurses therefore, should be
knowledgeable about nursing frameworks and theories and know how to use
these theories in understanding a patients progress towards becoming human
The theory also holds that nurses should be readily available to others and
valuing other as a human presence. There are instances when nurses and
doctors- look at a patient not for his humanity but rather for the disease condition
he has. Nurses should do well to think about patients as humans and not merely
a case. Nurses should also respect the views of each patient since Different
patients will have different views about a particular situation. Nurses should also
try to look at things from a different viewpoint in the light of hoping to make
improvements or enhancements in the practice of nursing.

HEALTH AS EXPANDING CONSCIOUSNESS THEORY BY

MARGRET NEWMAN
According to newman, nursing is a unique profession that helps clients get in
touch with the meaning of their lives by identification of their patterns of relating.
Nursing activities involve the use of the nurses presence in order to assist clients
recognize their own patterns on interacting with the environment. Nurses are
partners in the process of expanding consciousness by connecting with the
person when understanding of changing circumstances is sought.
This theory holds that the nurse should see the importance of conducting
meaningful patient-nurse interaction activities in order to facilitate the knowing of
the meaningful patterns of the patients condition. This is also done in order to
facilitate the patients potential to heal himself and improve his decision making
ability. Nurses should master the art of communicating well with the patient and
his significant others, including other members of the health care team.
Collaboration and coordination with other health care givers is also important for
the nurse.
The theory assumes that it is our duty and responsibility, as nurses, to maintain a
direct and ongoing relationship with our patients through open lines of
communication and a warm and stress-free attitude towards interacting with
patients.

COMFORT THEORY BY KATHARINE KOLCABA

Holistic comfort is defined as the immediate experience of being strengthened
through having the needs for relief which is the state of having a severe
discomfort mitigated or alleviated, Ease which is the absence of a specific
disorder and transcendence which is the ability to rise above discomfort
When they cant be eradicated or avoided. Those needs should be met in four
Contexts of experience which are the physical, psycho spiritual, social and
environmental.
This theory is important for any nurse because understanding this theory will help
the nurse and team members with rationale for enhancing patients comfort
which is important for patients recovering and well-being. The nurses goal here
is to have the comfort needs met in one context so that the total comfort is
enhanced in the remaining contexts.
Mastering this theory will help the nurse to give a better nursing care. and This
theory is applicable to the modern nursing profession, because it uses common ,
easily observable variables that are easily measured by the nurse. This theory is
a guideline for nursing practice that is easy to understand and apply.