Modern control Design whit MATLAB and SIMULINK, by Ashish Tewari

1 Introduction.
Control: we use this word when we are referring to the act of producing a
desired result.
System: a system is a set of self-contained processes under study.
Control system by definition consists of the system to be controlled - called
the plant - as well as the system which exercises control over the plant,
called the controller.
Input to the plant (or control input): supplied signal to the plant.
Output from the plant (control output): desire response from the plant.
The mechanism by which the information about the actual output is
conveyed to the controller is called feedback.
Since the plant output is the same as the output of the control system, it is
simply called the output when referring to the control system as a whole.
Open-loop control system: control system, in which the control input is
applied without the knowledge of the plant output.

Mathematically, the relationship between the output of a linear plant and

the control input (the systems behaviour) can be described by a transfer
function.
Closed-loop control system: control system which the control input is
function of the plant output.
An unknown and undesirable input to the plant that not depends from the
plant is called noise.
The mechanism by which the information about the actual output is
conveyed to the controller is called feedback.
On a block-diagram, the path from the plant output to the controller input is
called a feedback-loop.

The circle is a new element and is called a summing junction

Refrigerator, thermostat.
Television, beam, scan, screen, pattern.
Compact-disc player, laser beam
Artificial processes.
Temperature, pressure, atmosphere, stable, oxygen, water, sunlight,
environment.
Metabolism, organism, complex chemical processes.
Mechanism, heartbeat, blood-pressure, countless chemical and electrical
impulses per second.
When the desired output, y d

is a constant, the resulting controller is called

a regulator. If the desire output is changing whit time, the corresponding

control system is called a tracking system.
The principal task of a closed-loop controller is to make

( y d y )=0

quickly as possible.

Gas pedal, highway speed limit, speedometer, overtake, truck,

Vis--vis: face-to-face.
Road, highway, tyre pressure, engine, gas pedal, driver.

as

However: (adv) (in whatever manner, by whatever means) He always looks

good, however he dresses.
Background: (n) career experience.
Furthermore: (adv) (in addition, moreover) Furthermore, it is legal to do this.
Whatever: (pron) (anything) we can do whatever you want.
Underlying: (figurative -behind [sth]) Underlying meaning.
Behind: (prep) (to the rear of) the bank worker is standing behind the
counter.
Perhaps: (adv) (possibly) perhaps we wont ever be able to convince them.
As stated above: (prep) Como se indic anteriormente.
Bearing this in mind: (prep) teniendo esto en cuenta.
Whether: (conj) (if) I dont know whether its possible. (Introducing
alternatives) He cant decide whether to go or not/whether or not to go.
Decide whether youre going or staying.
Human being: (n) Ser humano.
Therefore: (adv) (as a consequence) I think, therefore I am.
As well as: (conj) as como.
Move on: (vi phrasal) (go elsewhere) Ive really enjoyed my time in Rome,
but now its time for me to move on.
Elsewhere: (adv) (not here) the book didnt contain the information the
student wanted, so she had to look elsewhere.
Live up to: (vtr phrasal) (informal be as good as) She made every effort to
live up to her ideals.