Environmental

Management
Implications of Human Population
 Topics Covered
• Introduction

• Population & Environment

• History of Population Explosion

• Quality of Life
• Resource Availability
• Necessary Inputs for Improving Quality of Life

• Population Growth & Environmental Deterioration

• Concept of Environmental Management

• Agenda for Global Environmental Protection

• Environmental Management in a Socio-Economic Context

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 Introduction
• Biodiversity in Rain Forests Vs. Biodiversity in Polar
Region

• Varying Food Habits in Different Regions

• Natural Ecosystems capable of Maintaining

Themselves in a Stage of Dynamic Equilibrium
Unless Disturbed by an External Factor

• Input is cyclic in the form of Renewable Resource

for the Ecosystem

• Consumption of the Renewable Resource is the

Output.
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 Introduction
• This Concept of Balance is sbased on the Law of Conservation
of Mass & Energy akin to 1 Law of Thermodynamics
t

• “No Matter or Energy can be Produced but can be Converted

from One Form to Another.”

• Resource I/p to the System – Resource O/p from the System

= Accumulation of the Resource

• E.g. Rainwater and its harvesting leading to Water

Conservation

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 3rd Joint Conference of American
Society of Civil Engineers
• Discussions on Interactive Relationships between the Population and Resources
along with Associated Management Requirements

Concerns on Population Rise in Third World Countries

•

Resources were scarce to meet their demands

•

• Focus on Minimal Level of Quality of Life Achievement Uniformly Throughout the

World

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 Population & Environment
Development Leads to Environmental Damage
•

Growing Population Pressurizes Environmental Resources

•

Environmental Damage can be Minimized through Advanced Planning and Careful Implementation
•

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 Important Factors for Improved
Achievements
• Production of Right Quantity and Quality of Food

• Safe Potable Water with Less incidences of Water-Borne Diseases

• Invention of New Faster Communication System

• Reliable and Faster Transport

• Rural Housing with Better Sanitation Facilities

• Preservation of Environmental Quality

• Mitigation of Adverse Effects due to Natural Disasters

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 History of Human Population
Explosion
• Emergence of Improved Agricultural Practices
leading to Increased Produce

• Industrial Revolution after a Considerable Time

Gap

• Advances in Medicine and Pharmacy leading to

Better Disease Control

• Improved Life Expectancy

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 Quality of Life
• Adequate Diet in Quality & Quantity

• Easy Availability of Potable Water and Adequate Sanitation Facility

• Adequate Housing

• Availability of Continuous Generation of Economic Opportunities in

Proportion of Growing Population

• Adequate Medical Care

• Sufficient Social, Financial and Personal Security

• Daily Needs Conveniences

• Cultural & Recreational Opportunities

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 Resource Availability
• Air, Land and Ocean are Primary Resources

• Land and Ocean Require considerable

Engineering & Technological Inputs to Derive
Secondary Resources from Them

• Land used for specific following requirements

• Forest Maintenance
• Production of Food
• Urban Development
• Industrial Plants, Timber Production, Mineral Extraction
• Wildlife Habitat
• Disposal of Waste residues
• Recreation of various types

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 Resource Availability
• Land tilling involves use of large amount of Capital,
Labour, Fertilizer, Energy, Water, Transport & Other
Related Resources

• Present Developments Largely Dependent on Non-

Renewable Energy Resources

• Excessive Utilization of Such Resources Detrimental for

Environment

• Solution is:
• Proper Resource Allocation
• More Sophisticated Planning
• Encompassing Social, Environmental and Economic Needs
• Multiple Use of Natural Resources

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 Necessary Inputs for Improving
Quality of Life
• Population Growth Directly Impacts Economic Growth

• Inputs for Sustaining Economic Conditions:

• Physical Systems Necessary for Support of all Physiological &
Industrial Activities
• E.g. Food, Space, Fresh Air, Clothing, Housing, Raw Materials, Fossil
Fuels, Land, Fresh Water, Oceans and Forests
• Social Necessities
• E.g. Peace & Social Stability, Education, Employment, Steady
Technological Progress

• Population Inversely Proportional to Resource

Availability

• Mismanagement of Resources

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 Population Growth &
Environmental Deterioration

• Mortality Rate Vs. Birth Rate

• Preservation Rate should be more

than Deterioration Rate

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 Concept of Environmental
Management
• Problems of Unemployment, Inflation, Shortage of Energy, Globalization,
Resource Crunch and Technology

• Production of Materials like New Polymers, Insecticides, Pesticides,

Fluorocarbons etc.

• Domestic Waste a Damper

• Rural Sanitation & Rural upliftment

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 Objective of EM
• Management of Natural Resources Exploitation

• Pollution Control for Environmental Quality

• Maintenance of Ecological Balance Through Multiple Resource Use

• Preservation of Biodiversity

• Adoption of Cleaner Technology to Minimize Adverse Effects of Environment

• Formulation & Implementation of Environmental Regulation & Laws

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 Components of EM
• Efficient & Cost Effective Control Measures for Atmospheric, Aquatic and Land
Pollution

• Adoption of Efficient, Cost Effective and Low Waste Generating Production

Technologies

• Implementation of Cleaner Technology of Production

• Adopting Recommended Tools for EM such as:

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Environmental Audits (EA)
• Environmental Management System (EMS)
• Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)

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 Components of EM
• Environmental Promotional Measures for Awareness

• Training for Environment Through Schools, Colleges and other Institutes

• Control Measures for Population Growth

• Control for Over Consumption & Over Exploitation of Resources

• Efforts for Establishing Social Equity

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 EM in Socio-Economic Context
• Agenda 21 of the Rio-De-Janeiro Conference Elaborates on Specific
Areas of Environments

• Reduction in Health Problems by avoiding food Media Contamination

(E.g. Soft Drinks)

• Environmental Stress and Security problems Major Contributors to

Social Conflicts

• Incorporating Environmental Planning in all National Development

Programmes

• Waste Minimization instead of Disposal

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 Minimizing Environmental
Contamination Problems with
Specific Reference to Hazardous
•
Waste
A Problem of Process Industries like Metallurgical, Paper,
Sugar, Textile, Pharmaceutical, Chemical, etc.

• Formulation of Good Waste Management Programme and

Pollution Abatement Strategies can help

• Greater Political Will Required

• Waste Reduction & Minimization Onsite

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 Essential Components of Onsite
Waste Minimization
• Waste Recycling

• Materials Recovery (Salvages)

• Waste Re-use

• Reduction at Source through Better Processes and House

keeping

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 Pollution Abatement Strategies
A Basis for PEP
• Exploring Alternative Raw Materials (Fly Ash)

• Reuse and Recycle of Waste

• More Emphasis on Byproduct rather than Scrap in case of

Chemicals

• Use of Cleaner Technologies and Waste Prevention Programmes

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 Ecological Regrouping of
Industries

Questions?????

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 References

“An Introduction to Environmental Management”

Dr. A. S. Bal

“Environmental Studies” Joseph Benny

“A Textbook of Environmental Studies” Chatwal

G.R. & Harish Sharma

portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php

marketobservation.com

intel.com
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