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• Paul A. Longley ‫و‬Michael F. Goodchild ‫و‬David J. Maguire ‫و‬David W.
Rhind, Geographic Information Systems and Science,2003
• Paul A. Longley ‫و‬Michael F. Goodchild ‫و‬David J. Maguire ‫و‬David W.
Rhind , Geographic Information Systems and Science,2001
• Heather Kennedy, ESRI Press, ESRI Press Dictionary of GIS
Terminology,2001
• David E. Davis , GIS for Everyone, 1999
• Al- Ramadan, Baqer Mohammed (1994): A Framework for a National
Effort Towards Geographical Information system in Saudi Arabia,
Dissertation University of Pennsylvania
• Ricardo, Cuberos (1997): Sigtur –Zulia: An Application of GIS
Technologies for tourism Planning

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