Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. Narayana Reddy
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
2 / 36
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
3 / 36
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
4 / 36
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
5 / 36
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
6 / 36
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
7 / 36
(b)
(a)
(d)
(c)
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
8 / 36
Engineering structures
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
9 / 36
Definition of a truss
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
10 / 36
Definition of a truss
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
11 / 36
Applications of trusses
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
12 / 36
Simple trusses
A Narayana Reddy
13 / 36
Analysis of Trusses
If the truss is in equilibrium then the forces are in balance at every point on
the truss and in particular at every joint.
Method of joints
Satisfying the equilibrium equations at every joint of truss.
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
14 / 36
Method of joints
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
15 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
16 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
17 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
18 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
19 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
20 / 36
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
21 / 36
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
22 / 36
Internal redundancy
Internal redundancy
The members in a truss is more than that are required to maintain the
equilibrium. This is also known as degree of internal indeterminacy.
Let n be number of joints in a given truss.
Let m be number of members in a given truss.
Therefore, we can form 2n equations as force is balanced at every joint along
x and y direction. On the other hand, we have m + 3 unknowns as axial force
in m members along with three reaction forces.
Thus, the necessary condition for internal static determinacy is given by
m + 3 = 2n.
The Maxwells rule:
m + 3 = 2n. statically determinate internally
m + 3 > 2n. statically indeterminate internally
m + 3 < 2n. unstable
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
23 / 36
Internal redundancy
The criterion m + 3 = 2n is necessary condition but not sufficient condition.
In other words, if the truss is statically determinate internally then that must
satisfy the criterion m + 3 = 2n. But all the structures that satisfy the
condition m + 3 = 2n is not necessarily statically determinate internally.
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
24 / 36
Necessity of redundancy
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
25 / 36
Example
Determine the force in members FH, GH and GI.
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
26 / 36
Method of sections
Caution
The section of truss must be consider such that there are only three unknown
force members are on the section as we have three equilibrium equations.
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
27 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
28 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
29 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
30 / 36
Example
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
31 / 36
Example
Calculate the forces induced in members KL, CL, and CB by the 200 kN load on
cantilever truss.
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
32 / 36
Space trusses
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
33 / 36
Space trusses
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
34 / 36
Example
Determine the forces acting in members of
the space truss
Solution:
At joint A:
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
35 / 36
Example
At joint B:
At joint C and D:
Lecture 4
A Narayana Reddy
36 / 36