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BRIAN SPEED
KEITH GORDON
KEVIN EVANS

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William Collins dream of knowledge for all began with the publication of his first book in
1819. A self-educated mill worker, he not only enriched millions of lives, but also founded
a flourishing publishing house. Today, staying true to this spirit, Collins books are packed
with inspiration, innovation and a practical expertise. They place you at the centre of a
world of possibility and give you exactly what you need to explore it.
Collins. Do more.

Published by Collins
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers
7785 Fulham Palace Road
Hammersmith
London
W6 8JB
Browse the complete Collins catalogue at
www.collinseducation.com
HarperCollinsPublishers Limited 2006
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-13 978-0-00-721569-0
ISBN-10 0-00-721569-X
The author asserts his moral right to be identified as the author of this
work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without
the prior written consent of the Publisher or a licence permitting
restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A Catalogue record for
this publication is available from the British Library
Commissioned by Marie Taylor, Vicky Butt and Michael Cotter
Project managed by Penny Fowler
Edited by Joan Miller and Peta Abbott
Additional proof reader: Ruth Burns
Indexer: Dr Laurence Errington
Internal design by JPD
Cover design by JPD
Cover illustration by Andy Parker, JPD
Page make-up by Gray Publishing
Page make-up of Really Useful Maths! spreads by EMC Design
Illustrations by Gray Publishing, EMC Design, David Russel, Lazlo Veres,
Lisa Alderson, Roger Wade Walker, Bob Lea, Peter Cornwell, Martin
Sanders and Peters and Zabranksy
Production by Natasha Buckland
Printed and bound in Italy by Eurografica SpA

Acknowledgements
With special thanks to Lynn and Greg Byrd
The Publishers gratefully acknowledge the following for permission to
reproduce copyright material. Whilst every effort has been made to trace
the copyright holders, in cases where this has been unsuccessful or if any
have inadvertently been overlooked, the Publishers will be pleased to
make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
AQA material is reproduced by permission of the Assessment and
Qualifications Alliance. Please note that all questions used dated before
2003 are NOT from the live examinations for the current specification.
New specifications for GCSE were introduced in 2003.
Grade bar photos 2006 JupiterImages Corporation and Photodisc
Collection / Getty Images
2006 JupiterImages Corporation, p1, p109, p130 Main, p131 Middle
and BR, p133, p143, p175, p203, p231, p249, p267, p277, p301, p313,
p341, p383, p409, p429, p439, p455, p467, p491, p515, p543
Images Etc Ltd / Alamy, p25
PCL / Alamy, p57
Bernd Klumpp / Istock, p130 TL
Karen Town / Istock, p130 TR
David Wall / Alamy, p130 BL
Christian Kretz / Istock, p130 TR
Neale Haynes/Buzz Pictures, p131 TL
Dave Roberts / Istock, p359

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Edited by Foxit Reader

Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.

CONTENTS
Module 1:

Chapter 1

Statistical representation

Chapter 2

Averages

25

Chapter 3

Probability

57

Chapter 4

Pie charts, scatter diagrams and surveys

87

Chapter 5

Basic number

109

Chapter 6

Fractions

133

Chapter 7

Negative numbers

157

Chapter 8

More about number

175

Chapter 9

Further number skills

203

Chapter 10

Ratios, fractions, speed and proportion

231

Chapter 11

Percentages

249

Chapter 12

Quadratic graphs

267

Chapter 13

Perimeter and area

277

Chapter 14

Symmetry

301

Chapter 15

Angles

313

Chapter 16

Circles

341

Chapter 17

Scale and drawing

359

Chapter 18

Transformations

383

Chapter 19

Constructions

409

Chapter 20

Units

429

Chapter 21

Surface area and volume of 3-D shapes

439

Chapter 22

Pythagoras theorem

455

Chapter 23

Basic algebra

467

Chapter 24

Equations and inequalities

491

Chapter 25

Graphs

515

Chapter 26

Pattern

543

Data Handling

Module 3:
Number

Module 5:
Algebra and
Space, Shape
and Measure

Answers

563

Index

599

iii

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Welcome to Collins GCSE Maths, the easiest way to learn and succeed in
Mathematics. This textbook uses a stimulating approach that really appeals to
students. Here are some of the key features of the textbook, to explain why.
Each chapter of the textbook begins with an Overview. The
Overview lists the Sections you will encounter in the chapter,
the key ideas you will learn, and shows how these ideas relate
to, and build upon, each other. The Overview also highlights
what you should already know, and if youre not sure, there is
a short Quick Check activity to test yourself and recap.

Maths can be useful to us every day of

our lives, so look out for these Really
Useful Maths! pages. These double page
spreads use big, bright illustrations to
depict real-life situations, and present a
short series of real-world problems for
you to practice your latest mathematical
skills on.

Each Section begins first by explaining

what mathematical ideas you are
aiming to learn, and then lists the key
words you will meet and use. The ideas
are clearly explained, and this is
followed by several examples showing
how they can be applied to real
problems. Then its your turn to work
through the exercises and improve your
skills. Notice the different coloured
panels along the outside of the exercise
pages. These show the equivalent exam
grade of the questions you are working
on, so you can always tell how well
you are doing.

iv

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Every chapter in this textbook contains

lots of Exam Questions. These provide
ideal preparation for your examinations.
Each exam question section also
concludes with a fully worked example.
Compare this with your own work, and
pay special attention to the examiners
comments, which will ensure you
understand how to score maximum
marks.

Throughout the textbook you will find

Puzzles and Activities highlighted in
the green panels designed to
challenge your thinking and improve
your understanding.

Review the Grade Yourself pages at the

very end of the chapter. This will show
what exam grade you are currently
working at. Doublecheck What you
should now know to confirm that you
have the knowledge you need to
progress.

Working through these sections in the right way should mean you achieve your very best
in GCSE Maths. Remember though, if you get stuck, answers to all the questions are at
the back of the book (except the exam question answers which your teacher has).
We do hope you enjoy using Collins GCSE Maths, and wish you every good luck in
your studies!
Brian Speed, Keith Gordon, Kevin Evans

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ICONS

Indicates Module 1: Data Handling

Indicates Module 3: Number

Indicates Module 5: Algebra and Space, Shape and Measures

You may use your calculator for this question

You should not use your calculator for this question

Indicates a Using and Applying Mathematics question

Indicates a Proof question

The new Specification B assumes that students taking Modules 1 and 3 have some basic
understanding of other assessment objectives.
For example in Module 1 (Data Handling) and Module 3 (Number) you should know:

that letters can represent unknown quantities

how to substitute numbers into simple algebraic expressions

Also in Module 1 (Data Handling) you should know:

how to cancel fractions to their simplest form

that percentage means out of a hundred
the meaning of a simple ratio

Also in Module 3 (Number) you should know:

how to combine like terms and manipulate simple algebraic expressions

how to solve simple equations

This means that there will be a new style of question. These are flagged with the icon
These questions already appear in Specification A.