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9 by Springer-Verlag 1978
On the Choice of Noise for the Analysis of the Peripheral Auditory System
C. Swerup
Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Introduction
98
x(t)) ~
y(t)>
6 MSEC
x(t)> ~
y(t)>
(1)
(2)
99
rx~x(~,~) = 0.
(3)
(4)
xCt~)>
yCt)>
100
V
;vvV
vl,vv'vvvFvvwvv'v'vv'vv~vUv'v"vV
,'v'
1
01~'-Alr"'~vv'v,,vv,'v~Vvv'V~Yvv~{,,
''~vvv",
I
F
i
;MsEc
101
properties of a filtered signal can be derived. Thus the
properties of each signal have to be analyzed by
computing the high order autocorrelation functions.
j HUIEINI[UlilNIUIIIIi]HImilIlillnlUi
_,IilItlIIHIIUHIIUIUNIUIIIIHIIIIlIIIlIIIIIllIHIIIUIIIINIIUI
JN IIIII
IIJIIII1IIIIllIIII
ill|
NIl 1II
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
q
5
I
6
MSEC
Fig. 7a and b. The first part of two of the noise signals used. a Shows
the binary equirandom noise (BEN). b Shows the ternary msequence. Note the different amplitudes necessaryto obtain unity
power spectral density
102
5. Ternary m-Sequences
10
MSEC
103
1-
I
5
I
Ill
MSEC
Discussion
As has been shown in this paper, even the linear
analysis of a BPNL-system might lead to considerably
different results depending on what type of stimulus is
used. The linear analysis of a system containing simple
nonlinearities might contain large errors caused by the
noise itself. Great care has to be taken in interpreting
the results of such an analysis. The theoretical relations
valid for G W N cannot be applied to pseudonoise
without further notice.
Noise based on binary m-sequences, commonly
used to test various systems, is not suited even for the
linear analysis of systems containing second order
nonlinearities. As the anomalies induced by this type
of noise will depend on the power of the noise, different
transfer functions for different levels of the input
104
Appendix
Derivation of the theoretical formulas for the cross-correlation
between output and input of a second order BPNL-system. For
definitions see Figure 3. The bandpass filters BP 1 and BP2 have the
impulse responses hl(z) and h2(z), respectively. It is assumed that
the input x(t) has zero mean value.
Input-output relations for the different steps in this system:
u(t) = ~ h 1(v)x(t - v)dv
v(t) = ~ alu(t) i = a o + al u(t ) + a2u(t) 2
y(t) = ~ h 2 ( a ) v ( t - a)da.
The relation between output y(t) and input x(t) is easily derived.
y(t) = aoSh2(a)d~ + a 1 ~Sh~(v)h2(a)x(t- a - v)dvda
+ a2~hl(v)hl(#)h2(a)x(t-
a- v)x(t- a- #)dvd#da.
After some simple computations the expression for the crosscorrelation rxy(z) between output and input becomes :
r~y(z) = y ( t ) x ( t - - z) = a 1 ~ h 1(v)h2(a)r~(a + v - z)dvda
+ a 2~hl(v)hl(p)hE(cr)r~(a
+ v - z, a + # - z ) d v d # d ~ .
References
Barker, H.A., Pradisthayon, T.: High-order autocorrelation functions of pseudorandom signals based on m sequences. Proc. IEE
117, 1857 1863 (1970)
Dr. C. Swerup
Dept. of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Inst.
S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden