Professional Documents
Culture Documents
To
Engineer
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Before we get into thick of the things I would like to add a few heartfelt words
for the people who were part of this struggle in numerous ways.
First of all I would dedicate all my efforts to my Parents whose worm
wishes, true love seek me to the places of talented people.
I am deeply indebted to a large group of teachers, friends and colleagues,
who have suggested, choose and advise me to be a member of Telecommunication
technology.
I am particularly grateful to Mr. Muhammad Imran (ES OFAN PTCL),
Mr. Muhammad Jahanzeb (ES PTCL). Engineer Mr. Khalid Nazir (NSS Engineer
Diallog), and others as they put and help me to choose the next coming future of
Next Generation Network (NGN).
I am very thankful to Engineer Mr.Muhammad Yameen (IN PTCL), who solve
my problems by giving brief concepts on SS7.
I greatly appreciate the help provided by Engineer Mr. Muhammad Hanif
Janjua (ADE NGN PTCL) for his independent consultants in NGN equipments.
Infect he is only the person who help me to pick the knowledge about VoIP, Data
Communication and NGN, providing friendly environment, soft corner to seek the
knowledge. He is a dedicated professional having sound knowledge and skill in the
field and cooperative attitude. I have no words that can provide help in me to
express and say him Thank you very much Mr. Muhammad Haneef Janjua.
I appreciate the efforts and help of Mr. Maqsood (ES NGN PTCL), as his
suggestions help me to understand the NGN. Efforts and help of Mr. Khalid
Sarwar(ES NGN PTCL), are not ignorable.
I thank to Engineer Miss. Raazia Saher (Operational Engineer NGN PTCL),
as she provide a wealth of informative material on NGN and I have taken full
advantage of her good will. She taught me about management commands and
software control of the system.
I thank you all.
Zar Janan
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 VOIP.............................................................................................5
1. OVER VIEW OF VOICE OVER IP (VOIP)................................................................5
1.1 KEY BENEFITS OF VOIP......................................................................................6
1.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR VOIP..................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2 PROTOCOL................................................................................8
2. PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION............................................................................8
2.1 PROTOCOL:-....................................................................................................8
2.2 OSI:-OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION:-...........................................................8
CHAPTER 3 SIGNALING...............................................................................9
3. WHAT IS SIGNALING?.........................................................................................9
3.1 TYPES OF SIGNALING:-........................................................................................9
3.1.1 Subscriber Signaling:-.......................................................................................................... 9
3.1.2 Trunk Signaling: -................................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 4 SS7..............................................................................................10
4.1 EVOLUTION OF SS7.......................................................................................... 10
4.2 ADVANTAGES OF USING SS7.............................................................................10
4.3 SS7 PROTOCOL STACK.....................................................................................11
4.4 DESCRIPTION OF SS7 LAYERS...........................................................................11
4.4.1 Message Transfer Part....................................................................................................... 11
4.4.2 MTP Level 1-...................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.3 MTP Level 2-..................................................................................................................... 12
4.4.4 MTP Level 3....................................................................................................................... 12
4.4.5 ISDN User Part (ISUP)...................................................................................................... 12
4.4.6 Telephone User Part (TUP)................................................................................................ 12
4.4.7 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP).......................................................................12
4.4.8 Transaction Capabilities Applications Part (TCAP)............................................................12
4.4.9 Operations, Maintenance and Administration Part (OMAP) and ASE................................13
CHAPTER 5 NGN...........................................................................................14
5.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF NGN...............................................................................14
5.2 ARCHITECTURE................................................................................................. 15
5.3 NGN NETWORK ARCHITECTURE........................................................................15
5.4 DESCRIPTION OF NGN LAYERS..........................................................................16
5.4.1 Edge Access...................................................................................................................... 16
5.4.2 Core Switching................................................................................................................... 16
5.4.3 Network Control................................................................................................................. 16
5.4.4 Service Management......................................................................................................... 16
5.5 PROTOCOL USED IN NGN.................................................................................17
5.6 PROTOCOL INTERCONNECTION IN NGN DEVICES................................................18
5.7 COMPONENTS OF NGN.....................................................................................19
5.8 NGN-ENABLED SWITCH APPLICATION.................................................................20
CHAPTER 6 (SOFTSWITCH).......................................................................21
3
6.1 INTRODUCTION:-................................................................................................21
6.2 LOCATION OF SOFT SWITCH:-.............................................................................21
6.3 BOARDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN SOFTX3000..................................................22
6.4 SERVICES......................................................................................................... 26
6.5 FUNCTIONS.......................................................................................................26
6.6 SYSTEM CAPACITY.............................................................................................27
6.7 PROTOCOL PROCESSING CAPABILITY..................................................................27
6.8 BILL PROCESSING CAPABILITY............................................................................28
CHAPTER 7 UMG...........................................................................................29
7.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE UMG8900..........................................................................29
7.2 NGN SWITCH................................................................................................... 29
7.3 INTERFACE:.......................................................................................................30
7.4 SERVICE:.......................................................................................................... 30
7.5 BOARDS IN UMG8900...................................................................................... 30
7.6 BOARDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS........................................................................31
CHAPTER 8 MRS...........................................................................................32
8. MRS6000(MULTIMEDIA RESOURCES SERVER)..................................................32
8.1 CARDS..............................................................................................................32
CHAPTER 11 AMG.........................................................................................35
11.1 HARDWARE SYSTEM-OTHER BOARDS...............................................................35
11.2 SUMMARY....................................................................................................... 36
CHAPTER 12 COMMANDS..........................................................................37
12.
COMMANDS..................................................................................................37
CHAPTER 13 CONCLUSION.......................................................................40
Chapter 1
VoIP
i Re-routing of IP networks (e.g. with MPLS) is much cheaper than, say, SDH
protection switching.
Security
Quality of Service
Reliability
Migration path
OSS support
Billing
Network Interconnection
These issues are by no means simple and in many cases have delayed roll out
of VoIP services. This white
paper will look in more detail at these problems and consider at a high level how
they might be addressed.
Chapter 2
2.
Protocol
PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION
2.1
PROTOCOL:It is a set of rules governing the exchange of data between two entities.
2.2
LAYERS
NUMBER
LAYERS NAME
PURPOSE
Layer 7ayer 7
Application
Application Programs
Layer 6
Representation
Layer 5
Session
Interhost Communication
Layer 4
Transport
End-to-End Connections
Layer 3
Network
Layer 2
Data Link
Address
and
best
path(Networks)
Access to Media(in a network)
Layer 1
Physical
Binary Transmission
Chapter 3
3.
Signaling
What is Signaling?
3.1 Types Of Signaling:By tradition, Signaling has been divided into two types:
3.1.1 Subscriber Signaling:Signaling between a subscriber terminal (telephone) and the local exchange.
Subscriber
line
SLCA
Trunk
line
Exchange A (start)
Subscriber
line
Exchange B(end)
SLC B
Chapter 4
4.
SS7
SS7 Signaling
4.1
Evolution of SS7
Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (i.e., SS7 or C7), which was
specified in 1979/80, is intended primarily for digital networks, both national and
international, where the high transmission rate (64 kb/s)can be exploited. It may also
be used on analog lines.
SS7 signaling has not only been designed to control the setting up and
supervision of telephone calls but of non -voice services also.
4.2
FLEXIBLE
The system can contain many more signals, for example, and can be used for other
purposes than telephony.
10
4.3
4.4
4.4.2 MTP Level 1Is equivalent to the OSI Physical Layer. MTP Level 1 defines the physical,
electrical, and functional characteristics of the digital signaling link. Physical
interfaces defined include E-1 (2048 kb/s; 32 64 kb/s channels), DS-1 (1544 kb/s; 24
64kb/s channels), V.35 (64 kb/s), DS-0 (64 kb/s), and DS-0A (56 kb/s).
11
4.4.3 MTP Level 2Ensures accurate end-to-end transmission of a message across a signaling
link. Level 2 implements flow control, message sequence validation, and error
checking. When an error occurs on a signaling link, the message (or set of
messages) is retransmitted. MTP Level 2 is equivalent to the OSI Data Link Layer.
with a dialed 800/888 number and to check the personal identification number (PIN)
of a calling card user. In mobile networks (IS-41 and GSM), TCAP carries Mobile
Application Part (MAP) messages sent between mobile switches and databases to
support user authentication, equipment identification, and roaming.
13
Chapter 5
5.
NGN
What is NGN
Next Generation Network (NGN) is a service- oriented network.
OR
Through the separation of service and call control, as well as call control and
bearer, the service-independent architecture is implemented, which makes
services independent of network.
OR
NGN is a kind of open and integrated network architecture.
OR
NGN is a kind of Brand-new network integrating voice, data, fax, and video
services.
5.1
Characteristics of NGN
14
5.2
Architecture
VoIP Next-Generation Network Architecture
Service Management
Network Control
Core Switch
Edge Access
5.3
iOSS
Policy
Server
MRS
SCP
Service Management
Network Control
SoftSwitch
SoftSwitch
Core Switching
Edge Access
IAD
AMG
BroadBand
Access
SG
TMG
PSTN
UMG
UMG
PLMN/3G
15
5.4
e.g.
a)
b)
c)
d)
iOSS
Policy Server
MRS
SCP
16
5.5
MTP3
ISUP
INAP
MGCP
H.248
H.323
SIP
R2
Digital signaling system No.1 (DSS1)
UDP
SCTP
MTP layer-2 user adaptation (M2UA)
V5UA
IUA
TCP
H.323 (including H.323 RAS and H.323 Call Signaling)
SIGTRAN
etc
17
5.6
Router Server
IN
LDAP/TRIP
INAP
SS
7
Open Service
Application Server
OSS
XML/FTP
/Radius
Parlay
SIP
SG
Sigtran
TUP/ISUP
TG
SIP-T,Sigtran
H.323
H.248
PSTN
H.248
IAD
Softswitch
SNMP
H.323/MGCP/
H.248/SIP
intelligent terminal
H.248
NMS
Other
OtherSoftswitch
Hl323 Network
Network
Other
Hl323
H.323VOIP
Network
Network
AG
18
5.7
Components of NGN
Soft Switch
2. MRS
3. SG
Signaling Gateway
4. MG
Media Gateway
5. UMG
6. IAD
7. TMG
8. AMG
19
5.8
20
Chapter 6
6.
(Softswitch)
S.S(SoftX3000)
6.1
Introduction:-
6.2
21
Summary
6.3
Board
FCCU
The FCCU generates and stores bills in its bill pool. Each
FCCU can store a maximum of 160,000 bills. The
The
Fixed generated bills are transmitted to iGWB in real time.
Calling
The alarm information generated by the FCCU is reported
Control Unit to the SMUI through the shared resource bus.
FCSU
Position
Used in pairs
The FCSU generates and stores bills in its bill pool. Each
Fixed Calling FCSU can store up to 160,000 bills. The detailed bills are
Control and transmitted to iGWB through the shared resource bus for
Signaling
processing.
process Unit
Front board
EPII
Back board
E1_Pool
Interface Unit
Corresponding
front or back
board
22
Basic frame
It is used together with the back board PFII in pairs. The
IFMI is used to receive and transmit IP packets, process
IP Forward Media Access Control (MAC) layer messages, distribute
Module
IP messages and provide IP interfaces together with the
BFII.
IFMI
Front board
Used in pairs
Basic frame
It is used to implement FE driver processing and enable
Back insert the external physical interface of the IFMI. The BFII is
in
pair
with
IFMI.
FE Interface configured
The BFIIs work in active/standby mode.
Unit
BFII
Back board
SMUI
The System
Management
Unit
Front board
Used in pairs
SIUI
System
Interface Unit
Back board
MRCA
Media
Resource
Control Unit
MRIA
Used in pairs
Front board
Back board
23
BSGI
Broadband
Signaling
Gateway
MSGI
Multimedia
Signaling
Gateway Unit
CDBI
Central
Database
Boards
Basic frame
As the database of the equipment, the CDBI stores all
data of the following aspects:
Call location
Gateway resources management
24
ALUI
Alarm
Unit
UPWR
Universal
Power
Front
or
UPWR
back board
CKII
Basic frame 0
25
Clock
Interface Unit
6.4
Services
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
6.5
Item
Voice Services
IP Centrex Services
Multimedia Services
IPN Services
IN Services
Value Added Services
Functions
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
6.6
System capacity
Specification
26
360,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
V5 subscribers: 2,000,000
IPN subscribers: 200,000
IP consoles: 100,000
SIP terminals: 2,000,000
6.7
Item
Specification
16
4 x 100 Mbit/s
1,280
80
1,280
1,280
20,000 packets/second
16,000
6,400
128
1,500
1,000 times/second
1,000 times/second
6.8
Item
27
192 Mbytes
120 bills/second
73 Gbytes
4,000 bills/second
Summary
28
Chapter 7
UMG
7.
7.1
7.2
NGN Switch
H.248/
SIGTRAN
Tandem switch
Local
E1/
SDH
UMG8900
Remote
PRI
PBX
Fig
RSA
User frame
Local
Switch
V5
Access
network/
CDMA450
29
7.3
Interface:
7.4
Service:
a) TDM switch
b) TG function in NGN
c) AG function in NGN
7.5
OMU
NET
CLK
CMU
PPB
SPF
TNU
E32
2SL
A4L
HRB
E8T
E1G
VPU
SRU
FLU
BLU
Boards in UMG8900
Summary
1. Rack Specification: 600*800*2200mm
(W*D*H).
2. Processing capacity: Up to 70,000
VoIP/FoIP channels
3. and 360,000 TDM trunks.
4. Reliability design: 1+1 redundancy for main
process/
5. service board, online software patching, hot
6. swappable.
7. Interface: E1/T1/STM-1, FE/GE, ATM STM1/E3
8. and POS STM-1/STM-4.
9. Protocol supported: H.248, PRA, R2,
SIGTRAN
10. (M2UA, IUA, V5UA), and V5.
11. Configurable Jitter buffer, VAD, CNG, EC
and
12. codec's (G.711, G.723, G.726, G.729, T.38).
13. Configurable as multi access AMG (POTS,
ISDN,
14. ADSL, VDSL, G.SHDSL) and TMG.
15. Built-in SG.
16. PBX interface via PRA and R2.
17. Local TDM switching function.
30
7.6
Question:For a UMG8900 single frame ,if we need access PSTN service and ip
service, which umg8900 board need configure?
Answers:
31
Chapter 8
8.
MRS
8.1
Cards
1. SCCII
2. MPCII
3. S3000
etc
32
Chapter 9
9.
Signaling Gateway
SG7000(Signaling Gateway)
Summary
33
Chapter 10
10.
TMG
Rack specifications:
620*483*590mm (W*D*H).
Reliability design: 1+1
redundancy for main process
board, online software
patching, all boards are
hot swappable.
3
Processing capacity: 3840channel 4
VoIP/FoIP per frame.
5
Interface: STM-1, E1, T1,
FE/GE,ATM STM-1/E3 and
POS STM-1.
6
Protocol supported: H.248,
MGCP, H.323, M2UA,IUA,
V5UA, R2, PRA and SS7.
7
Built-in SG.
8
PBX access using R2 and
PRA.
9
Unified port for RAS and
Fig. Mini TMG8010 withVoIP/FoIP.
32E1
10
Hair pin connection.
11
Configurable Jitter buffer,
VAD, CNG, EC, advanced
mute detection and codec's
(G.711A, G.711_, G.
723.1, G.729A, T.30 and
T.38).
34
Chapter 11
AMG
11.
11.1
supplies power for the circuit boards In a whole frame. The standard
configuration is two PWXs working in the load-sharing mode. However, single
PWX configuration is allowed when there is interframe power assistance.
35
11.2
Summary
36
Chapter 12
12.
COMMANDS
Commands
Column 1
LST N7LNK
ACT N7LNK
DSP BRDINF
DSP CLKPH
DSP CSPSRVF
DSP ENV
DSP FAN
DSP H248VER
DSP IUALNK
DSP M2LNK
DSP M3LKS
DSP M3SPMC
DSP MGCPVER
DSP MRCWF
DSP MRPARES
DSP MTP2LNKLB
DSP N7DLNK
DSP N7RT
DSP OFTK
DSP TRFTPTM
LST ACODE
LST ALMMCT
LST ALMSTS
LST AUSSIG
LST BILMTRCT
LST CAC
LST CATOCVT
LST CFBAR
LST CHGANA
LST CHGCLS
LST CHGPRO
LST CKICFG
LST CLKSRC
LST CNACLD
LST CPCCFG
LST DNC
LST FRM
LST M2LNK
LST N7LKS
Column 2
ACT M2LNK
DSP BILMTR
DSP BVER
DSP CMEM
DSP CXCON
DSP EPST
DSP FLASHMEM
DSP INAPOIP
DSP IUAVER
DSP M2VER
DSP M3LNK
DSP M3VER
DSP MGW
DSP MRPA
DSP MRPAVER
DSP MTP2VER
DSP N7DSP
DSP NM
DSP OFTS
DSP USBR
LST ALMCFG
LST ALMMSK
LST AMA
LST BCPARA
LST BOSRC
LST CALLSRC
LST CATRNS
LST CFDATA
LST CHGBAND
LST CHGCX
LST CHGRND
LST CLDCFP
LST CLRCFP
LST CNACLR
LST CPUTHD
LST DNSEG
LST IGWB
LST MGCPPARA
LST N7RT
Column 3
ACT M3LNK
DSP BILPOL
DSP CINFO
DSP COMM
DSP DHSTA
DSP ESN
DSP FRM
DSP IPSTAT
DSP LICENSE
DSP M3DE
DSP M3LSLNK
DSP MEM
DSP MGWANRM
DSP MRPACPU
DSP MRPAWF
DSP N1C
DSP N7LNK
DSP NN
DSP TIME
LST ACCODE
LST ALMHIS
LST ALMRMK
LST APS
LST BCPTM
LST BRA
LST CASCFG
LST CAUSEC
LST CFPRO
LST CHGCHG
LST CHGGRP
LST CHGSS
LST CLDGRP
LST CLRCODEC
LST COMPTB
LST CSC
LST ESG
LST LDNSET
LST MGW
LST NACCODE
Column 4
ACT MGW
DSP BRD
DSP CLKBRD
DSP CPUR
DSP DN
DSP EXVER
DSP GW
DSP IUALKS
DSP LSLNK
DSP M3DLNK
DSP M3RT
DSP MGC
DSP MGWNRM
DSP MRPAPAR
DSP MTP2LNK
DSP N7C
DSP N7LSLNK
DSP NPCON
DSP TKC
LST ACL
LST ALMLOG
LST ALMSCRN
LST ATI
LST BILCFG
LST BRD
LST CATICVT
LST CDBFUNC
LST CHBCHG
LST CHGCLD
LST CHGIDX
LST CIC
LST CLILOC
LST CLRDSN
LST CONADDR
LST DCAT
LST FECFG
LST M2LKS
LST N7DSP
LST OFC
37
LST OFI
LST PATCH
LST PATCHVER
LST PFXPRI
LST PFXPRO
LST RT
LST SBR
LST SRT
LST TG
LST TGLDIDX
LST TKC
LST USBR
LST WCAT
LST WEKDIS
ADD CNACLD
CHK DATA
DEA M2LNK
DSP PORT
DSP TBL
DSP TGCALL
DSP TGREP
LST CSPSRVF
LST CSPSRVM
LST CTS
LST CVTOTID
LST CXCON
LST CXGRP
LST CXPFXPRO LST CXSD
LST DATAMAN
LST N1TDM
LST NCODE
LST NM
LST OCXPFX
LST PCLI
LST PCMPORT
LST PLUSPAY
LST PRA
LST PRALNK
LST PRIOR
LST PUBPRM
LST SGW
LST TDPCFG
LST TGAP
LST TGDSG
MOD CNACLD
MOD RT
RMV CNACLD
RST BILPOL
STR BILIF
UBL N7C
ADD CHGANA
ADD CHGGRP
ADD CHGIDX
ADD DNC
ADD ESG
ADD H323APP
ADD H323TG
ADD M2LKS
ADD M2LNK
ADD M3DS
ADD M3LE
ADD M3LKS
ADD M3RT
ADD N7DSP
ADD N7LKS
ADD N7RT
ADD N7TG
ADD N7TKC
ADD PFXPRO
ADD RT
ADD RTANA
ADD SRT
ADD TGLD
ADD TGLDIDX
BLK N7C
CRE TRFCCP
CRE TRFCLR
CRE TRFIN
CRE TRFMVA
CRE TRFOTF
DEA M3LNK
DEA N7LNK
DEL TRFTHD
LST DPCFG
LST DPTCFG
LST DSPCFG
LST DST
LST ENVALM
LST EPICFG
LST H323SYS
LST H323TG
LST M3DE
LST M3LE
LST M3LKS
LST M3LNK
LST MAXT
LST MCAT
LST MDU
LST TRFRPT
LST TRFTHD
MOD CALLSRC
MOD CHGBAND MOD CHGCHG
MOD CHGCLS
MOD CHGIDX
MOD CHGMODE MOD CHGNUM
MOD CHGRND
MOD DNC
MOD H323APP
MOD H323TG
MOD M2LKS
MOD M3DE
MOD M3LE
MOD M3LKS
MOD M3LNK
MOD N7DSP
MOD N7LKS
MOD N7LNK
MOD N7TG
MOD N7TKC
MOD OFC
MOD RTANA
MOD SRT
MOD TGLD
MOD TRFOENT MOD TRFOPD
MOD TRFOPM
MOD TRFTM
MOD TSKNAME MOD VSBR
RCV ALMFLT
REL M2LNK
REL M3LNK
RMV CHGANA
RMV CHGBAND
RMV CHGCHG
LST PBX
LST RTANA
LST TGLD
LST VSBR
CHK CHG
DSP PRALNK
LST CSPSRVC
LST CUSTENT
LST CXOCR
LST MTRR
LST NP
LST PFXTOL
LST PRECODE
LST TBL
LST TIMER
RST ALMBOX
ADD CALLSRC
ADD DCAT
ADD H323SYS
ADD M3DE
ADD M3LNK
ADD N7LNK
ADD OFC
ADD SIPTG
ADD VSBR
CRE TRFCROBJ
CRE TRFSID
DEL TRFTSK
LST DSRT
LST H323APP
LST M3DS
LST M3RT
LST TRFINF
MOD CHGANA
MOD CHGGRP
MOD CHGPRO
MOD H323SYS
MOD M3DS
MOD M3RT
MOD N7RT
MOD PFXPRO
MOD TGLDIDX
MOD TRFSMP
PING
RMV CALLSRC
RMV CHGIDX
38
RMV DCAT
RMV DNC
RMV H323TG
RMV M2LKS
RMV M3DS
RMV M3LE
RMV M3RT
RMV N7DSP
RMV N7RT
RMV PFXPRO
RMV SIPCFG
RMV SIPLP
RMV TG
RMV TGLD
RMV VSBR
RST ALMCFG
SET ALMLVL
SET ALMRMK
SET SIPCFG
SET SIPLP
DSP TRIB
LST DHAUP
LST DLGNUM
LST DOMAUTH
LST GRPAC
LST HLDDIS
LST HTRSW
LST ICATRNS
LST INAPOIP
LST INAPTP
LST ISDNDAT
LST ITIMER
LST LAMPST
LST LCGRP
LST LKNDIDX
LST LS
LST LZONE
LST MCUCNF
LST MRCCFG
LST MRCV
LST MSBR
LST MSGCVT
LST MSRT
LST MTRPLS
LST NMCICR
LST NMCRT
LST NMIDEST
LST NMODEST
LST NMTMP
LST NMTONE
LST NRMDIS
LST NUMCHG
LST PDBALMMSK LST PDBALMTHD
LST RACF
LST RACFSEG
LST RLSMOD
LST RMANA
LST SCCPDSP
LST SCCPGT
LST SCPADDR
LST SCPCFG
LST SCTPPORT LST SHF
LST SHLRLA
LST SHLRRA
LST SIPLP
LST SIPTG
LST SPDNC
LST SPTONE
(Result number = 479)
RMV H323APP
RMV H323SYS
RMV M2LNK
RMV M3DE
RMV M3LKS
RMV M3LNK
RMV N7LKS
RMV N7LNK
RMV RT
RMV RTANA
RMV SIPTG
RMV SRT
RMV TGLDIDX
RMV TKC
RST N7C
SET ALMACK
SET ALMRPT
SET ALMSCRN
SWP BRD
SWP LSLNK
LST DHHCFG
LST DHWM
LST DPA
LST FSFP
LST HTRCTRL
LST HTRDESC
LST ICXPFX
LST IDOSMC
LST IOR
LST IPLIST
LST IUALKS
LST IUALNK
LST LICENSE
LST LKND
LST LSAGENT
LST LSS
LST MMTE
LST MPRM
LST MRPCFG
LST MRSRT
LST MSGTONE
LST MSN
LST MWNSRV
LST NMCICD
LST NMDRT
LST NMGAP
LST NMRES
LST NMSRT
LST NN2TN
LST NPCON
LST ONID
LST OWSBR
LST PFXOCR
LST QOSI
LST RCIPPRT
LST RIND
LST RMDEV
LST SBRSTA
LST SCCPNGT
LST SCCPSSN
LST SCPMAP
LST SCTPPARA
LST SHLRCFG
LST SHLRGRP
LST SHLRSRVC LST SIPCFG
LST SK2EC
LST SOCF
STR N7COT
<NULL>
39
Chapter 13
13.
Conclusion
CONCLUSION
Over the last several years, a number of the major network operators have put in
place network upgrade plans to implement next generation networks (NGN). Some
market analysts now predict that the entire Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN) will evolve into an NGN over the next 10 years or so. Technological change
is happening very quickly, underscoring the need for policy and regulation to be
based on principles that support consumer interests, such as competition policy, not
on specific technical aspects of networks. However, in order to develop competition
policy that is effective, some knowledge is required about evolving network
technology, in particular where there is a potential for anti-competitive activity.
Therefore, it is important for policy makers and regulators to be aware of the
potential of NGN and what is happening internationally as well as domestically so
that they are able to respond in a timely and effective manner.
Even though there is no universal and precise definition of NGN at this early stage of
deployment, NGN could be defined as all-IP or packet-based integrated networks. In
a NGN environment, applications and services will be separated from the transport
network and all kinds of applications and services such as voice, data and video can
be organized into packets and delivered on an integrated IP network.
There are several kinds of forces driving the deployment of NGN, including structural
changes taking place in ICT (Information and Communication Technology) markets,
changes in services and uses, and technical evolution. Among these, the most
significant catalyst for the deployment of NGN is the technical and market
development in the area of IP, including broadband and VoIP, which present
opportunities for new capabilities for users and revenues for service providers. At the
same time they pose challenges to incumbents who do not respond to the changing
conditions and thus who risk losing some of their market and revenue.
Service providers are engaged in a singular race to offer a variety of new revenue
generating services given the saturation in the growth of the legacy voice services.
The equipment vendors and system integrators at the same time are as well looking
at new services that would drive their business with the service providers. Besides,
the end users are looking at services and solutions that would make them function
effectively in a globalize and competitive business environment. However, the
transformation to NGNs would be more of an evolution than a revolution as service
providers are cautious over any potential technical obstacles associated with NGNs.
In addition to that, the economic outlook is another factor restraining a rapid
evolution of the industry.
Eventually all the legacy networks will incorporate soft switches in their
transformation to NGNs. Exactly how long it will take for this transformation will
largely depend on the emergence of a foolproof NGN which can provide even better,
if not equal, performance than the legacy circuit switched networks.
40