Geometric Trig SL

R
1. The diagram below shows triangle PQR. The length of [PQ] is 7 cm, the length of [PR] is 10 cm, and PQ
is 75.

(a)

R.
Find PQ

(b)

Find the area of triangle PQR.

C =
2. The diagram below shows a circle centre O, with radius r. The length of arc ABC is 3 cm and AO

(a)

Find the value of r.

(b)

Find the perimeter of sector OABC.

(c)

Find the area of sector OABC.

3. The following diagram shows a semicircle centre O,

diameter [AB], with radius 2.

B =
Let P be a point on the circumference, with PO
radians.
(a)

Find the area of the triangle OPB, in terms of .

(b)

Explain why the area of triangle OPA is the same

as the area triangle OPB.

2
.
9

Let S be the total area of the two segments shaded in

the diagram below.
(c)

Show that S = 2( 2 sin ).

(d)

Find the value of when S is a local minimum.

(e)

Find a value of for which S has its greatest

value.

D
4. The following diagram shows a pentagon ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm, BD = 7.1 cm, AE
E = 52 and AB
D = 60.
=110, AD

(c)

2
C.
The area of triangle BCD is 5.68 cm . Find DB

(a)

Find AD.

(b)

Find DE.

(d)

Find AC.

(e)

Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.

5. The following diagram shows the triangle AOP, where OP = 2 cm, AP = 4 cm and AO = 3 cm.

A
d ia g r a m n o t to
s c a le

O
(a)

P
P , giving your answer in radians.
Calculate AO

The following diagram shows two circles which intersect at the points A and B. The smaller circle C1 has
centre O and radius 3 cm, the larger circle C2 has centre P and radius 4 cm, and OP = 2 cm. The point D
lies on the circumference of C1 and E on the circumference of C2.Triangle AOP is the same as triangle
AOP in the diagram above.

A
C
C
O

d ia g r a m n o t to
s c a le

(b)

B , giving your answer in radians.

Find AO

(c)

Given that APB is 1.63 radians, calculate the area of

(i)

(d)

sector PAEB;

(ii)

sector OADB.
2

The area of the quadrilateral AOBP is 5.81 cm .

(i)

Find the area of AOBE.

(ii)

Hence find the area of the shaded region AEBD.

6. The following diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius r cm, and angle at the centre. The perimeter of

the sector is 20 cm.

20 2r
.
r

(a)

Show that =

(b)

The area of the sector is 25 cm . Find the value of r.

7. The following diagram shows two semi-circles. The larger one has centre O and radius 4 cm. The smaller one
has centre P, radius 3 cm, and passes through O. The line (OP) meets the larger semi-circle at S. The
semi-circles intersect at Q.

(a)

(b)

(i)

Explain why OPQ is an isosceles triangle.

(ii)

Use the cosine rule to show that cos OPQ =

(iii)

Hence show that sin OPQ =

(iv)

Find the area of the triangle OPQ.

1
.
9

80
.
9

Consider the smaller semi-circle, with centre P.

(i)

Write down the size of OPQ.

(ii)

Calculate the area of the sector OPQ.

(c)

Consider the larger semi-circle, with centre O. Calculate the area of the sector QOS.

(d)

Hence calculate the area of the shaded region.

2

8. (a) Let y = 16x + 160x 256. Given that y has a maximum value, find
(i)

the value of x giving the maximum value of y;

(ii)

this maximum value of y.

The triangle XYZ has XZ = 6, YZ = x, XY = z as shown below. The perimeter of triangle XYZ is 16.

(b)

(i)

Express z in terms of x.

(ii)

Using the cosine rule, express z in terms of x and cos Z.

(iii)

Hence, show that cos Z =

5 x 16
.
3x

Let the area of triangle XYZ be A.

2

(c)

Show that A = 9x sin Z.

(d)

Hence, show that A = 16x + 160x 256.

(e)

(i)

Hence, write down the maximum area for triangle XYZ.

(ii)

What type of triangle is the triangle with maximum area?

D = 25, BAD =.
9. The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 4, AD = 8, CD =12, B C

(a)

Use the cosine rule to show that BD = 4 5 4 cos .

Let = 40.
(b)

(c)

(i)

D.
Find the value of sin CB

(ii)

D.
Find the two possible values for the size of CB

(iii)

D is an acute angle, find the perimeter of ABCD.

Given that CB

Find the area of triangle ABD.

10. The diagram shows a triangular region formed by a hedge [AB], a part of a river bank [AC] and a fence
C is 29. The end of the fence, point C, can be positioned
[BC]. The hedge is 17 m long and BA
anywhere along the river bank.
(a)

Given that point C is 15 m from A, find the length of the fence [BC].

15 m

riv e r b a n k

29

17 m

B
(b)

The farmer has another, longer fence. It is possible for him to enclose two different triangular
C is 85.
regions with this fence. He places the fence so that AB
(i)

Find the distance from A to C.

(ii)

Find the area of the region ABC with the fence in this position.

(c)

To form the second region, he moves the fencing so that point C is closer to point A.
Find the new distance from A to C.

(d)

Find the minimum length of fence [BC] needed to enclose a triangular region ABC.

Solutions:
1. (a) choosing sine rule

(M1)

correct substitution

sin R sin 75

7
10

A1

sin R = 0.676148...
PRQ = 42.5
(b)

A1

P = 180 75 R
P = 62.5

(A1)

substitution into any correct formula

eg area PQR =

A1

1
7 10 sin (their P)
2

= 31.0 (cm )

A1

2. (a) evidence of appropriate approach

M1

eg 3 = r

(b)

(c)

N2

N2

2
9

r =13.5 (cm)

A1

N1

adding two radii plus 3 (M1)

perimeter = 27+3 (cm) (= 36.4)

A1

N2

evidence of appropriate approach

eg

M1

1
2
13.5 2
2
9
2

area = 20.25 (cm ) (= 63.6)

3. (a) evidence of using area of a triangle

(M1)

1
eg A 2 2 sin
2
A = 2 sin
(b)

A1

N2

METHOD 1
A =
PO

1
2 2 sin (= 2 sin ( ))
2
since sin ( ) = sin
then both triangles have the same area
area OPA =

(A1)
A1
R1
AG

N0

R3
AG

N0

METHOD 2
triangle OPA has the same height and the same base as triangle OPB
then both triangles have the same area

(c)

(d)

1
2
2 2 A1
2
area APB = 2 sin + 2 sin (= 4 sin )
S = area of semicircle area APB (= 2 4 sin )
S = 2( 2 sin )
area semi-circle =

A1
M1
AG

N0

METHOD 1
attempt to differentiate

(M1)

ds
4 cos
d
setting derivative equal to 0

(M1)

eg

correct equation

A1

eg 4 cos = 0, cos = 0, 4 cos = 0

4. (a) Evidence of choosing cosine rule

2

(M1)

eg a = b + c 2bc cos A
Correct substitution
2

A1
2

eg (AD) = 7.1 + 9.2 2(7.1) (9.2) cos 60

2

(AD) = 69.73
AD = 8.35 (cm)
(b)

A1

N2

180 162 = 18 (A1)

Evidence of choosing sine rule
Correct substitution
eg

(M1)
A1

8.35
DE
=
sin 110
sin 18
DE = 2.75 (cm)

(c)

(A1)

A1

N2

Setting up equation (M1)

eg

1
1
ab sin C = 5.68,
bh = 5.68
2
2

Correct substitution
eg 5.68 =

A1

1
C , 1 3.2 h = 5.68, (h = 3.55)
(3.2) (7.1) sin DB
2
2

C = 0.5
sin DB

C 30 and/or 150
DB

(A1)
A1

N2

(d)

C (60 + D B
C)
Finding A B

(A1)

Using appropriate formula

2

(M1)

eg (AC) = (AB) + (BC) , (AC) = (AB) + (BC) 2 (AB)

(BC) cos ABC
C)
Correct substitution (allow FT on their seen AB
2

A1

AC = 9.74 (cm)

A1

eg (AC) = 9.2 + 3.2

(e)

For finding area of triangle ABD

Correct substitution Area =

N3

(M1)

1
9.2 7.1 sin 60
2

= 28.28...

A1
A1

Area of ABCD = 28.28... + 5.68

(M1)

= 34.0 (cm )

A1

N3

5. (a) METHOD 1

Evidence of using the cosine rule

eg cos C =

(M1)

a2 b2 c2 2
, a b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
2ab

Correct substitution
P =
eg cos AO

32 2 2 4 2 2 2
P
, 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 cos AO
2 3 2

A1

P = 0.25
cos AO

26
P = 1.82
(radians)
AO
45

A1

N2

METHOD 2
Area of AOBP = 5.81 (from part (d))
Area of triangle AOP = 2.905

(M1)

P
2.9050 = 0.5 2 3 sin AO

A1

P = 1.32 or 1.82
AO

26
P = 1.82
(radians)
AO
45

(b)

B = 2( 1.82)
AO

(= 2 3.64)

A1
(A1)

N2

 38
(radians)
= 2.64
45

(c)

(i)

A1

Appropriate method of finding area

eg area =

N2

(M1)

1 2
r
2

Area of sector PAEB =

1 2
4 1.63
2

A1

= 13.0 (cm )
(accept the exact value 13.04)
(ii)

Area of sector OADB =

A1

1 2
3 2.64
2

A1

= 11.9 (cm )
(d)

(i)

A1

Area AOBE = Area PAEB Area AOBP (= 13.0 5.81)

Area shaded = Area OADB Area AOBE (= 11.9 7.19)
= 4.71 (accept answers between 4.63 and 4.72)

6. (a) For using perimeter = r + r + arc length

(b)

20 2r
r

Finding A =

10r r
2

(a)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

A1

Using cos rule correctly eg cos OPQ =

32 32 4 2
2 3 3

(A1)
A1

N2

R1
AG

N0

(M1)

cos OPQ =

9 9 16
2

18
18

A1

cos OPQ =

1
9

AG
2

Evidence of using sin A + cos A = 1

N0

M1

OP = PQ (= 3cm)
So OPQ is isosceles

N1

(A1)

For setting up equation in r

Correct simplified equation, or sketch
2
2
eg 10r r = 25, r 10r + 25 = 0
r = 5 cm
7.

M1

AG

1 2 20 2r
r

2
r

N1

(M1)
A1

20 = 2r + r

N1

M1

= 7.19 (accept 7.23 from the exact answer for PAEB) A1

(ii)

N2

M1

N0

sin OPQ = 1

80

81

AG

1
OP PQ sin P
2

Evidence of using area triangle OPQ =

eg

80
2

20

4.47

OPQ = 1.46
Evidence of using formula for area of a sector
eg Area sector OPQ =

P =
QO

N1

A1

N1

1 2
3 1.4594
2

1.4594
0.841
2

Area sector QOS =

A1

N2

(A1)

1 2
4 0.841
2

A1

= 6.73
(d)

A1

(M1)

= 6.57
(c)

M1

OPQ = 1.4594...

(i)

(ii)

N0

1
80 9
3 3
, 0.9938
2
9 2

Area triangle OPQ =

(b)

A1

80
9

sin OPQ =
(iv)

1
81

Area of small semi-circle is 4.5 (= 14.137...)

A1

N2

A1

Evidence of correct approach

eg Area = area of semi-circle area sector OPQ area sector QOS +
area triangle POQ

M1

Correct expression
eg 4.5 6.5675... 6.7285... + 4.472..., 4.5 (6.7285... + 2.095...),

A1

4.5 (6.5675... + 2.256...)

Area of the shaded region = 5.31
8. (a) METHOD 1

Note:

There are many valid algebraic approaches

to this problem (eg completing the square,
b
) . Use the following mark
using x
2a
allocation as a guide.

A1

N1

(i)

(ii)

dy
0
dx

Using

(M1)

32x + 160 = 0

A1

x=5

A1

N2

A1

N1

ymax = 16(5 ) + 160(5) 256

ymax = 144

METHOD 2
(i)

(b)

Sketch of the correct parabola (may be seen in part (ii))

M1

x=5

A2

N2

(ii)

ymax = 144

A1

N1

(i)

z = 10 x

A1

N1

(ii)

z = x + 6 2 x 6 cos Z

A2

N2

(iii)

Substituting for z into the expression in part (ii)

(accept x + z = 10)
2

Expanding 100 20x + x = x + 36 12x cos Z

A1

Simplifying 12x cos Z = 20x 64

A1

Isolating cos Z =

20 x 64
12 x

5 x 16
3x
Note: Expanding, simplifying and isolating may
be done in any order, with the final A1
being awarded for an expression that
clearly leads to the required answer.

cos Z =

(c)

A1
AG

N0

Evidence of using the formula for area of a triangle

1

A 6 x sin Z M1
2

A 3x sin Z A 2 3 6 x 2 sin 2 Z
4

A = 9x sin Z
(d)

(M1)

AG
2

Using sin Z = 1 cos Z

Substituting

A1

(A1)

5 x 16
for cos Z
3x

5 x 16

for expanding
3x

25 x 2 160 x 256

9x 2

to

A1
A1

N0

for simplifying to an expression that clearly leads to the required answer A1

2

eg A = 9x (25x 160x + 256)

2

A = 16x + 160x 256

(e)

(i)

AG
2

144 (is maximum value of A , from part (a))

A1

Amax = 12

A1

N1

Isosceles

A1

N1

9. (a) For correct substitution into cosine rule

A1

(ii)

4 2 8 2 2 4 8 cos

BD =

For factorizing 16, BD = 16 5 4 cos

= 4 5 4 cos
(b)

(i)

BD = 5.5653 ...

(accept 0.910, subject to AP)

D = 65.7
CB

D = 180 their acute angle

Or CB

= 114

A1

N2

A1

N1

(M1)
A1

C = 89.3
BD

N2

(A1)

BC
5.5653
BC
12

or

(or cosine rule)

sin 89.3 sin 25 sin 89.3 sin 65.7
BC = 13.2

N0

M1A1

D = 0.911
sin CB

(iii)

AG
(A1)

D sin 25
sin CB

12
5.5653

(ii)

A1

(accept 13.17)

M1A1
A1

Perimeter = 4 + 8 + 12 + 13.2
= 37.2
(c)

Area =

A1

N2

1
4 8 sin 40 A1
2

= 10.3
10. (a)

2
2
2
for using cosine rule a b c 2ab cos C

(M1)

BC 2 152 17 2 2 15 17 cos 29

(A1)

BC 8.24 m

(A1) (N0)

Notes: Either the first or the second line may be implied, but not both.
Award no marks if 8.24 is obtained by assuming a right (angled)
triangle (BC = 17 sin 29).
(i)

29
17
85
B

A C$B 180 (29 85) 66o

for using sine rule (may be implied)

(M1)

AC
17

o
sin85 sin 66o
AC

(A1)

17sin85o
sin 66o

AC (18.5380K ) 18.5 m
(ii)

Area

(A1) (N2)

1
17 18.538... sin 29o
2

(A1)

2
76.4 m 2 (Accept 76.2 m )

(c)

(A1) (N1)

B from previous triangle 66o

AC

180 66 114o (or 29 85)

Therefore alternative ACB

(A1)

180 (29 114) 37o

ABC
A

29

114

17
37
B

AC
17

o
sin 37 sin114o
AC (11.19906K ) 11.2 m

(M1)(A1)
(A1) (N1)

(d)

29

17
B
B = 90or diagram
Minimum length for BC when AC
showing right triangle

sin 29o

(M1)

CB
17

CB 17sin 29o
CB (8.2417K ) 8.24 m

(A1) (N1)